CN104280841A - Electric field sensitive element of full-fiber structure and electric field sensing device - Google Patents
Electric field sensitive element of full-fiber structure and electric field sensing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104280841A CN104280841A CN201410519443.1A CN201410519443A CN104280841A CN 104280841 A CN104280841 A CN 104280841A CN 201410519443 A CN201410519443 A CN 201410519443A CN 104280841 A CN104280841 A CN 104280841A
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- graphene film
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- bragg grating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4219—Mechanical fixtures for holding or positioning the elements relative to each other in the couplings; Alignment methods for the elements, e.g. measuring or observing methods especially used therefor
- G02B6/422—Active alignment, i.e. moving the elements in response to the detected degree of coupling or position of the elements
- G02B6/4225—Active alignment, i.e. moving the elements in response to the detected degree of coupling or position of the elements by a direct measurement of the degree of coupling, e.g. the amount of light power coupled to the fibre or the opto-electronic element
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/14—Mode converters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
Abstract
The invention discloses an electric field sensitive element of a full-fiber structure and an electric field sensing device. The electric field sensitive element comprises an optical fiber. One end of the optical fiber serves as the signal end of the electric field sensitive element. A mode converter is arranged on the periphery of a fiber core at one end, close to the signal end, of the optical fiber, and a fiber bragg grating is arranged on the periphery of a wrapping layer at the other end of the optical fiber. In the length direction of the optical fiber, a graphene film coats the periphery of at least one part, between the mode converter and the fiber bragg grating, of the optical fiber wrapping layer. The electric field sensitive element is of the full-fiber structure, on one hand, insertion loss is reduced to be small, on the other hand, the size of the device can be reduced easily, and integration is facilitated; when the electric field sensing device based on the electric field sensitive element is applied, the influence on a tested electric field is avoided, and the electric field sensing device has the advantages of being high in sensitivity, beneficial for light integration and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to photoelectron technical field, be specifically related to a kind of electric field-sensitive element and electric field sensing device of all optical fibre structure.
Background technology
Electric field measurement has important application in science, industry and commercial field.Traditional electrical magnetic wave measuring system adopts active Metal detector, and it will certainly cause electromagnetic interference (EMI), and generate an electromagnetic field distortion, and measuring system can be caused very responsive to electromagnetic noise.Along with the development of photoelectron technology, for solving the interference of the electromagnetic noise in electromagnetic wave measurement system, the people such as the W.LANG of research institution of USN Bulmer, Britain NPL, by optical waveguide, electrode together with antenna organic integration, prepare a kind of Integrated Light electric-type electric-field sensor based on Pockels effect, achieve the measurement utilizing optical principle to electric field first.
Compared with conditional electronic electric-field sensor, the photo-electric electric-field sensor based on electrooptical effect utilizes some crystal (as lithium niobate LiNbO
3) linear electro-optic effect, when light signal transmits in electrooptical material, due to the electrooptical effect of photoelectric material, the change of electric field intensity is converted into the change of light signal phase place by the change of crystal refractive index, finally cause interference signal Strength Changes, and then the Strength Changes of interference signal calculates the Strength Changes of electric field to be measured.
Photo-electric electric-field sensor overcomes the problem of the electromagnetic interference (EMI) of conditional electronic electric-field sensor; and because photo-electric electric-field sensor is usually based on integrated optical device and optical fibre device; compared with the electric-field sensor of other types; also have that size is little, quality is light, sensitivity advantages of higher; be with a wide range of applications, development in recent years is rapid.
But such electric-field sensor cannot accomplish all-fiber, complex structure, cost are high, volume is large, it is integrated to be difficult to realize light, and are coupled between waveguide with optical fiber and can produce larger loss, are difficult to realize cascade and form quasi-distributed sensor network.In addition, such electric-field sensor realizes based on crystalline material, on the one hand due to the polarized light property of crystal, the probe of electric-field sensor is made to need to adopt polarization maintaining optical fibre to be connected with light source, and also separately need a Transmission Fibers to be imported in measuring system by interference signal light, further increase complexity and the preparation cost of structure.On the other hand, the photoelectric properties of crystalline material are more responsive to temperature, directly cause performance based on the electric-field sensor of this crystalline material also to responsive to temperature, therefore, often must carry out structural adjustment to probe, to keep optimum Working, add the complexity of operation.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of electric field-sensitive element and electric field sensing device of all optical fibre structure.
An electric field-sensitive element for all optical fibre structure, comprises optical fiber, and one end of described optical fiber is as the signal end of electric field-sensitive element;
Described optical fiber is provided with mode converter near the periphery of the fibre core of one end of signal end, and the periphery of the covering of the other end is provided with Bragg grating;
Along the length direction of optical fiber, between mode converter and Bragg grating, the periphery of at least part of fibre cladding is coated with graphene film.
In the present invention, whole optical fiber all can be coated with graphene film, also can be coated with graphene film by the fibre cladding only between mode converter and Bragg grating.
In electric field-sensitive element of the present invention, described optical fiber is single-mode fiber, and is bare fibre, namely only has fibre core and covering.
The covering of whole section of optical fiber all graphene film can be coated with outward in the present invention, also only graphene film can be coated with in one section of fibre cladding periphery.
Mode converter in the present invention is reversible, and the flashlight of input can be made to transform between low step mode and higher order mode.
Electric field-sensitive element is placed in tested electric field by electric field-sensitive element of the present invention in use, after flashlight enters electric field-sensitive element from signal end, by mode converter, part in fibre core is transformed higher order mode with the flashlight of low step mode transmission.Due to the restriction of optical fiber transmission property, the flashlight of part higher order mode can enter covering in transmitting procedure.
Under the effect of tested electric field, the conductivity of the graphene film on fibre cladding surface changes, then refractive index is caused to change, thus cause the effective refractive index of the covering at the coated place of graphene film to change, make the phase place of the flashlight of the covering through the coated place of graphene film change further.
When flashlight (flashlight of higher order mode) is by Bragg grating, the flashlight meeting Bragg condition will be reflected, along transmission path before, again return to after the effect of graphene film to mode converter, and be again converted into low step mode by mode converter, and the flashlight of higher order mode part transmitted in covering is all limited to transmission in fibre core and exports from signal end.The flashlight now exported, part to there occurs phase place change due to the effect through graphene film, also have part in addition without the covering at the coated place of graphene film, and therefore phase place change does not occur.According to the phase relation of two parts of signals light, the perception to extra electric field (tested electric field) can be realized.
Electric field-sensitive element of the present invention is fiber-coaxial graphene-structured, the electrooptical effect of Graphene is utilized to achieve the sensing of electric field intensity to external world, it is little that the electric-field sensor of this fiber-coaxial graphene-structured has volume, can not have an impact to tested electric field, highly sensitive, be easy to the advantages such as light is integrated.
Mode converter in the present invention is actually one section of fiber grating mould prepared by the fibre core of optical fiber, directly at one end of this optical fiber write grating during preparation, the all optical fibre structure of sensitive element can be realized based on this mode converter, be easy to integrated, and substantially reduce insertion loss.
The transformation efficiency of mode converter is higher, and the flashlight that phase place change occurs is more, and the sensitivity of electric field-sensitive element can be higher.The conversion efficiency of fiber grating mode converter depends primarily on the length of fiber grating.The length of general fiber grating is larger, and conversion efficiency is higher.But for realizing the miniaturization of device, need the length suitably adjusting fiber grating according to application demand.The length of usual optical fiber grating mode converter is about 5mm.
Bragg grating plays reflex, for the light after graphene film is reflected back mode converter, by mode converter, higher order mode is converted to low step mode, and then is again limited in fibre core by flashlight.In the present invention, Bragg grating is prepared by the covering of optical fiber.The length of Bragg grating determines the selectivity of Bragg grating to reflection wavelength, and Bragg grating is longer, and wavelength selectivity is better, can the interference of the effective signal (as noise signal) of other wavelength components of filtering.In the present invention, the length of described Bragg grating is 1 ~ 5mm.
In electric field-sensitive element of the present invention, the operation wavelength of mode converter and the reflection wavelength of Bragg grating must match with the operation wavelength of this electric field-sensitive element, and the cycle by rationally arranging mode converter and Bragg grating realizes Wavelength matched.
In the present invention, the whole circumference of the whether complete covering of mode converter, graphene film and Bragg grating, can set with process conditions as required.For ensureing the homogeneity of flashlight energy distribution, the whole circumference of the complete covering of mode converter, graphene film and Bragg grating in the present invention.
Described mode converter, graphene film and Bragg grating three spacing are in the longitudinal direction less than 1mm.
Spacing refers to from signal end along fiber length, the distance of the tail end of previous parts (parts refer to mode converter, graphene film and Bragg grating) and the head end of rear parts.The excessive one side of this spacing can make the loss of light increase, and causes the sensitivity of sensitive element to decline, and on the other hand, is also unfavorable for the miniaturization of device and integrated.When process conditions allow, mode converter and graphene film, and the distance between graphene film and Bragg grating can be zero (just end to end in the longitudinal direction).
The length of described graphene film is 50 ~ 200 μm.
The electrooptical effect of graphene film is utilized in the present invention, change the phase place of the flashlight transmitted in covering, and then realize the perception to electric field, the length of graphene film directly has influence on the size of phase change amount, the length of graphene film is longer, and phase change is larger.But, if long, can transmission range be increased, increase light loss, be unfavorable for subsequent applications.And consider from device integrated angle, the length of graphene film is also unsuitable long, specifically can adjust according to application scenario.As preferably, the length of described graphene film is 100 ~ 200 μm.
The thickness of described graphene film is 0.335nm ~ 1.005nm.
Because graphene film is made up of some (at least one deck) single-layer graphene, the thickness one of single-layer graphene is decided to be 0.335nm, and therefore the thickness of graphene film should be the integral multiple of 0.335nm.
Increase the thickness of graphene film, the effect of graphene film and flashlight can be strengthened, the variable quantity of effective refractive index is increased, and then the variable quantity of the phase place of increase flashlight, improve the sensitivity of sensitive element, but under identical traffic distance, increase graphene film and the loss of flashlight also can be caused to increase.As preferably, namely the thickness of graphene film is 0.335nm.
Fiber lengths will ensure on the one hand at least can distributed mode transducer, graphene film and Bragg grating successively, and also need the volume considering sensitive element in addition, the length of described optical fiber is 0.8 ~ 10cm.The part wherein grown, after Bragg grating, for decaying to the flashlight after Bragg reflection, preventing from returning through profile of optic fibre, affecting the work efficiency of electric field-sensitive element.
Present invention also offers a kind of electric field sensing device, comprise above-mentioned electric field-sensitive element.
Described electric field sensing device, also comprises optical circulator, and the polarization converter be connected with the two-way output port of described optical circulator, the photodetector be connected with unidirectional output port;
The other end of described polarization converter is connected with the input interface of the mode converter in electric field-sensitive element.
Described optical circulator is three ports light rings, and its unidirectional input port, for connecting light source by utilizing optical circulator, forms loop, is conducive to the integrated level improving device.
Polarization converter is reversible, has two two-way output ports, when the flashlight inputted is linearly polarized light, the flashlight of input is converted to circularly polarized light by offset converter, otherwise when the flashlight inputted is circularly polarized light, the flashlight of input is converted to linearly polarized light by offset converter.
During use, in electric field sensing device of the present invention, the unidirectional input port of optical circulator needs external LD light source, to provide flashlight.The operation wavelength of external LD light source must match with the operation wavelength of polarization converter, sensitive element and photodetector.
Flashlight that optical circulator exports by photodetector (comprising flashlight that phase place changes and the flashlight that phase place does not change) carries out beat frequency, the change of phase place will convert the size of time domain power on signal amplitude to, the change of extra electric field (tested electric field), finally be reflected as the changes in amplitude of the electric signal that photodetector exports, thus complete electric field sensing.
Mate with the transport property of the optical fiber in electric field-sensitive element for making the output light of LD light source, reduce loss, electric field sensing device of the present invention is also provided with polarization converter, utilize this polarization converter the output light of LD light source is converted to circularly polarized light after enter in electric field-sensitive element again, by LD light source input linearly polarized light be converted to circularly polarized light.
In addition, because most photodetector is all utilize to realize photodetection with the interference frequently with two bunch polarized lights of polarization direction, therefore, need further circularly polarized light to be converted to linearly polarized light again, be convenient to photodetector and complete detection.
By arranging optical circulator in electric field sensing device of the present invention, utilizing this optical circulator to control the transmission path of light, forming annular light path, be conducive to the volume reducing electric field sensing device, be convenient to integrated.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) electric field-sensitive element of the present invention is all optical fibre structure, reduces insertion loss on the one hand little, and another is convenient, is conducive to reducing device size, is convenient to integrated.
(2) electric field-sensitive element of the present invention utilizes the electrooptical effect of the graphene film be coated on outside fibre cladding, make the flashlight generation phase place change transmitted in covering with higher order mode excited by mode converter, thus achieve the sensing of electric field intensity to external world, this electric field-sensitive element can not have an impact to tested electric field, is conducive to the sensitivity improving electric field-sensitive element;
(3) in electric field sensing device of the present invention by arranging optical circulator, utilize this optical circulator to control the transmission path of light, form annular light path, be conducive to the volume reducing electric field sensing device, be convenient to integrated.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the electric field-sensitive element of the present embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the analogous diagram of this structure light phase and graphene film length relation under different extra electric field;
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart of the electric field sensing device of the present embodiment.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, the electric field-sensitive element of all optical fibre structure of the present embodiment, comprises optical fiber 1, and one end of optical fiber 1 is as the signal end of electric field-sensitive element.In the present embodiment, electric field-sensitive element employing length is the SMF-28 type single-mode fiber of 2cm, and is bare fibre, only has fibre core and covering.
Optical fiber is provided with mode converter 2 near the periphery of the fibre core of one end of signal end, and the periphery of the covering of the other end is provided with Bragg grating 4;
Along the length direction of optical fiber, between mode converter and Bragg grating, the periphery of at least part of fibre cladding is coated with graphene film 3.
For reducing the volume of electric field-sensitive element, be convenient to integrated, in the present embodiment, mode converter, graphene film and Bragg grating distance is in the longitudinal direction zero (namely mutually end to end).
The length of mode converter 2 is 5mm.For ease of integrated, reduce insertion loss, in the present embodiment, directly on the fibre core of optical fiber 1, write grating as mode converter 2.
Its reflex of Bragg grating 4, adopts carbon dioxide laser to write in covering and obtains.In the present embodiment, Bragg grating 4 is for returning the flashlight meeting Bragg's condition of reflection in its flashlight.The selectivity of the reflection wavelength of Bragg grating depends on the length of Bragg grating, and more long wavelength's selectivity is better.In the present embodiment, the length of Bragg grating is 5mm.
The operation wavelength of mode converter and the reflection wavelength of Bragg grating must mate with the operation wavelength of inductance sensitive element.In the present embodiment, the operation wavelength of inductance sensitive element is 1.55 μm, by arrange mode converter and Bragg grating screen periods, make the reflection wavelength of the operation wavelength of mode converter 2 and Bragg grating 4 also be 1.55 μm.Such as, for the reflection wavelength making Bragg grating is 1.55 μm, the cycle arranging Bragg grating in the present embodiment is 0.53 μm.
For ensureing that the phase place of the flashlight transmitted in covering significant change can occur, in the present embodiment, the length of graphene film is 185.5 μm, and thickness is 0.335nm (being one deck).In the present embodiment, graphene film adopts chemical vapour deposition technique or physical mechanical stripping method to prepare.
During the present embodiment electric field-sensitive element manipulation, with the phase place of the flashlight of higher order mode transmission in covering
(when acquiescence enters, the phase place of flashlight is zero) is as follows:
Wherein k0 is wave number in vacuum, and L is the length of graphene film, n
efffor the effective refractive index of covering.When electric field-sensitive element is placed in tested electric field, because the refractive index of electrooptical effect graphene film changes, and then cause the effective refractive index n of graphene film coated place covering
effchange, and then make in covering with the phase place of the flashlight of higher order mode transmission
conversion.
Fig. 2 is the analogous diagram of this structure light phase and graphene film length relation under different extra electric field, and as can be seen from Figure, the length of light phase and graphene film is proportional.Four kinds of colors are illustrated respectively in (0V under different impressed voltage, 0.2V, 0.25V, 1V) phase place of flashlight is along with the change schematic diagram of graphite length, article four, curvilinear motion convergence overlaps, but be that figure in 184.5 ~ 185.5 μm of intervals carries out partial enlargement to graphene film length, can find out, in 0.2V and 0.25V impressed voltage situation, when after the graphene film that have passed through 185.5 μm of length, both phase differential about can reach pi/2, enough tell both voltage fine distinctions, from another one angle, this also illustrates that this kind of electric-field sensor has higher degree of accuracy and sensitivity.
The electric field-sensitive element of the present embodiment is fiber-coaxial graphene-structured, the electrooptical effect of graphene film is utilized to achieve the sensing of electric field intensity to external world, it is little that the electric-field sensor of this fiber-coaxial graphene-structured has volume, insertion loss is little, can not have an impact to tested electric field, highly sensitive and be conducive to the advantages such as light is integrated.
As shown in Figure 3, the electric field sensing device of the present embodiment comprises electric field-sensitive element, and optical circulator and polarization converter, two ports of polarization converter are connected with the input interface of mode converter in the two-way output port of optical circulator and electric field-sensitive element respectively, and the unidirectional output port of optical circulator is connected with photodetector input port.
In the present embodiment, optical circulator is three ports light rings, and during use, the unidirectional input port of this three ports light rings needs the connection of external LD light source to think that whole sensing device provides flashlight.The operation wavelength of external LD light source must match with the operation wavelength of polarization converter, sensitive element and photodetector.
In order to make, the light energy output of LD light source is enough to be mated with optical fiber transmission property in electric field-sensitive element, by polarization converter, the linearly polarized light that LD light source inputs is converted to circularly polarized light.In addition, because most photodetector is all utilize to realize photodetection with the interference frequently with two bunch polarized lights of polarization direction, therefore, need further circularly polarized light to be converted to linearly polarized light again, be convenient to photodetector and complete detection.
Annular light path is formed by three port circulators in the present embodiment, only a multiplexing polarization converter, can complete the mutual conversion between linearly polarized light and circularly polarized light, without the need to arranging two polarization converters, reduce costs on the one hand, also help that to realize optics integrated on the other hand.
Above-described embodiment has been described in detail technical scheme of the present invention and beneficial effect; be understood that and the foregoing is only most preferred embodiment of the present invention; be not limited to the present invention; all make in spirit of the present invention any amendment, supplement and equivalent to replace, all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. an electric field-sensitive element for all optical fibre structure, is characterized in that, comprise optical fiber, and one end of described optical fiber is as the signal end of electric field-sensitive element;
Described optical fiber is provided with mode converter near the periphery of the fibre core of one end of signal end, and the periphery of the covering of the other end is provided with Bragg grating;
Along the length direction of optical fiber, between mode converter and Bragg grating, the periphery of at least part of fibre cladding is coated with graphene film.
2. the electric field-sensitive element of all optical fibre structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described mode converter, graphene film and Bragg grating three spacing are in the longitudinal direction less than 1mm.
3. the electric field-sensitive element of all optical fibre structure as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the length of described graphene film is 50 ~ 200 μm.
4. the electric field-sensitive element of all optical fibre structure as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the length of described graphene film is 100 ~ 200 μm.
5. the electric field-sensitive element of all optical fibre structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the thickness of described graphene film is 0.335nm ~ 1.005nm.
6. the electric field-sensitive element of all optical fibre structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the length of described optical fiber is 0.8 ~ 10cm.
7. an electric field sensing device, is characterized in that, comprises as the electric field-sensitive element in claim 1 ~ 6 as described in any one claim.
8. electric field sensing device as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, also comprise optical circulator, and the polarization converter be connected with the two-way output port of optical circulator, the photodetector be connected with the unidirectional output port of optical circulator;
The other end of described polarization converter is connected with the signal end of electric field-sensitive element.
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| CN105334566A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-02-17 | 重庆理工大学 | Dotted groove type optical fiber cladding surface Bragg raster |
| CN105353458A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-02-24 | 重庆理工大学 | Linear-groove type optical fiber cladding surface Bragg grating |
| CN105403535A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-03-16 | 重庆理工大学 | Fiber cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor and making method thereof |
| CN106940461A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-07-11 | 厦门大学 | A kind of light-splitting device based on graphene Yu the composite construction of silicon waveguide |
| CN107421913A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-12-01 | 重庆大学 | Fibre optical sensor based on graphene and preparation method thereof |
| CN108896837A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-27 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of integrated light guide three-dimensional electric field sensor system |
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| CN105403535A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-03-16 | 重庆理工大学 | Fiber cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor and making method thereof |
| CN106940461A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-07-11 | 厦门大学 | A kind of light-splitting device based on graphene Yu the composite construction of silicon waveguide |
| CN106940461B (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2019-07-12 | 厦门大学 | A kind of light-splitting device based on graphene Yu the composite construction of silicon waveguide |
| CN107421913A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-12-01 | 重庆大学 | Fibre optical sensor based on graphene and preparation method thereof |
| CN108896837A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-27 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of integrated light guide three-dimensional electric field sensor system |
| CN108896837B (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2021-03-02 | 昆明理工大学 | Integrated optical waveguide three-dimensional electric field sensor system |
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| CN104280841B (en) | 2017-03-15 |
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