CN104213537A - Combined design of substrate applicable to slope ecological transformation and construction method of substrate - Google Patents
Combined design of substrate applicable to slope ecological transformation and construction method of substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN104213537A CN104213537A CN201410218578.4A CN201410218578A CN104213537A CN 104213537 A CN104213537 A CN 104213537A CN 201410218578 A CN201410218578 A CN 201410218578A CN 104213537 A CN104213537 A CN 104213537A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a combined design of a substrate applicable to slope ecological transformation and a construction method of the substrate. The substrate is made of polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride; the loose, porous light-weight and pressure-resistant characteristics and the specific ecological functions (plants can be planted and microbes can grow on the surface of the substrate, and meanwhile, the animal nest function is also realized) of the substrate are utilized; the substrate is processed to present a shape with a specific structure; then, the substrate can be fast and directly paved on the two sides of an original bank slope through fixing anchor hooks in the water conservancy construction, selected emergent aquatic plants can also be pre-cultured or cut on the substrate, and a layer of bank protection structure realizing the primary building completion of additional landscape and ecological functions is primarily built. Essentially, the construction mode adopts a modularized mode, so when the mode of pre-culturing the plants in a base is adopted, then, the flaky modules after the plant culture completion are directly used, and the fast improving effect on the engineering can also be achieved.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to environmental protection and hydraulic engineering technical field, specifically, is a kind of substrate combination design and construction method thereof of being applicable to slope protection ecologicization transformation.
[background technology]
For a long time, functions such as " flood control, water drainage, shipping, irrigation, cultivation " that the understanding of people to river course effect is only confined to, ignores the ecological functions in river course, causes current China riparian ecosystem seriously impaired.One of riparian ecosystem damage reason is exactly on Hydraulic Engineering Design, only consider engineering structures safety and durability, even steel concrete on the material coagulation that mainly application property is good, durability is strong; Do not consider that manual construction thing is on impact that is biological and ecological environment.Consequent result is that the straight line of natural river form or the coagulation on channelization and riverbank are changed, it must cause, and the Ecology Action in river is more and more less, water quality deterioration, habitat forfeiture or be blocked, the degeneration of the river ecosystem such as species minimizing.
Therefore ecological revetment technology is familiar with gradually and is promoted, and to have utilized the situations such as the requirement of condition and local resident to build up multi-form, the ecological revetment of different structure according to various countries' national conditions, River Hydrology geology, wild animals and plants kind and habit, Shangdi for current various countries expert.Ecological revetment and can use material to be divided into 3 kinds of canonical forms by structure in general: (1) complete natural shore protection, only adopts plantation vegetation protection riverbank, keeps the shore protection of nature riverbank characteristic, but the ability of this type of shore protection opposing flood is poor; (2) semi-natural shore protection, not only plants vegetation, also suitably adopts the natural materials such as stone material, timber, enhances shore protection anti-flood capacity; (3) how natural shore protection, on the basis of natural type shore protection again with on coagulation, the artificial material such as steel concrete, ensure that shore protection anti-flood capacity.
(1) complete natural shore protection
The shore protection plant of different cultivars normally planted by complete natural shore protection on the bank slope through smooth process, its principle is: consolidate native soil conservation by the mechanics effect (dark root anchoring and shallow root reinforcement) of vegetation root system and hydraulics effect (reducing hole pressure, reducing erosion and control runoff), prevented erosion, and while also can be carried out view and made scape while meeting ecological environment needs.According to different construction methods and construction technology, plant bank protection can be divided into Planting Grass shore protection, tiling turf or careless blanket shore protection and hydraulic sprinkle grass planting shore protection.Because vegetation growth needs certain hour, generally can not play shore protection effect, and the shore protection opposing flood formed is limited in one's ability, after meeting with long-term flood invasion and attack, vegetation easily wrecks, and reduces protective action at once.Therefore be applied to river flow mild, flood fighting requires low section more.But the most closing to reality natural river bank slope state of this kind of complete natural shore protection, also the strongest with the Exchange of material and energy ability of river ecosystem, species diversity is also the abundantest and cheap.Current this kind of technology is widely used, and at home and abroad the application of River Embankment is also extensive.
(2) semi-natural shore protection
Semi-natural shore protection is generally utilizing works measure, adopts plant to combine with nature material (stone material, timber etc.), is beneficial to the guard system of plant growth domatic structure one.Reinforcement effect is served owing to employing part nature material, increased substantially stability and the corrosion resistance of bank slope, general data has been constructed and can have been played shore protection effect, when after plant growth, be entangled with effect by root system reinforcement, effectively can suppress the souring of storm runoff.Common semi-natural shore protection has two types: one uses natural block of stone or cobble to be formed spaced domatic domatic shedding, then planting plants, can form the shore protection that view well has again suitable corrosion resistance after plant growth completes; Another kind is the boxes and baskets structure being often called Diversified Soil Organism shore protection technology (soil bioengineering slope protection technology) in European and American developed countries, log or stone material is normally first used to make at bank slope the space that ladder-shaped frame forms certain intervals, re-use faggot or wicker is filled in interval the souring of protecting current, the place of hiding predation, breeding existence can be provided for aquatiles such as fish again simultaneously, as used wicker, can also grow and form one deck vegetation.
(3) how natural shore protection
Many natural shore protections are utilizing works measures, and the artificial materials such as fairly large use concrete, macromolecular material and medicament combine with plant, form the bank protection structure that has larger corrosion resistance.This kind of shore protection is generally used for the requirement of shore protection shock resistance erosiveness is higher or sloping bank space is less, precipitous, is not suitable for the river course bank slope building above two type shore protections.Along with modern science and technology, the particularly development of material science, having there is a lot of different structure types in how natural shore protection, enumerates common several types below both at home and abroad:
1) gabion shore protection, the not too large natural stone of diameter will be filled in columniform for square formula wire mesh cage, utilizing its flexible large feature with allowing the distortion of bank protection slope, being placed in Riparian buffers and toe, being formed and there is setting anti-flood capacity and the feature of tool high porosity, many change in flow band shape.Meanwhile, after the plant growth of plantation, coring in great numbers can brace soil, strengthen anti-flood capacity, and has just wrapped gabion stone material before iron wire corrosion, and the gabion life-span is extended;
2) earth working material gauze pad structure shore protection, normal employing non-woven fabrics or macromolecular material are woven into netted bed course and are laid on sloping bank, recharge the material such as soil, grit, the root system of plant of plantation can pass mesh homoepitaxial, together with being combined securely with vegetation in gauze pad, earth top layer again.Vegetation generally selects grass-seed spray seeding technique to reach the object of homoepitaxial;
3) geo-grid structure shore protection, general concrete or the macromolecular material of using forms cell structure on domatic, and carry out soil stabilization, then on bank slope, planting plants completes.Because geo-grid adds bank slope soil frictional force, the pore water pressure simultaneously in soil also can dissipate rapidly, so bank soil resistance to overturning and bearing capacity are strengthened, and forms the stability integrally also improving shore protection after vegetation growth with grid;
4) eco-concrete shore protection, eco-concrete adopts porous concrete (being made up of rubble material, slag and water), the formations such as mixing water-keeping material (peat or macromolecule water absorbent material) and slow release fertilizer.Eco-concrete has porosity, can be vegetation and provide certain growth space, and water-keeping material and slow release fertilizer can provide nutrient needed for the plant germination initial stage, safeguards a period of time, treat plant preliminary growth after only need constructing.This structure compositing characteristic makes construction that Prefabricated block can be used directly to build and puts installation as shore protection;
5) soil-solidified-agent, soil-solidified-agent is that main body adds special chemical agent and makes with cement.Its principle is: the hydrone conditioning agent in curing compound and the hydrone generation chemical reaction in soil, very strong suction-operated is formed to hydrone, the microcrystal contained in medicament can be grown and be formed acicular crystal in soil, filling soil hole, form cage construction, and the solidification agent molecule in curing compound is by being cross-linked to form tridimensional network, thus the pressure-proof and snap-resistent performance of raising soil is to reach steady soil, to prevent from washing away the object of corrosion function.
Make a general survey of domestic and international present Research, existing most of ecological revetment engineering needs to remove original rigidity revetment mostly, and even needing of having drains river course, and could construct, the time is long, of a high price, and under existing national conditions, extensive use has larger difficulty.And although the biological floating bed class technology construction that some cities are promoted now is than very fast, there is view and improve limited, service time is limited, maintenance work is bigger than normal, the shortcoming of not resistance to shipping impact etc., does not belong to shore protection technology from the principle simultaneously, therefore there is functional defect.
[summary of the invention]
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of matrix and the construction method that are applicable to the transformation of river course slope protection ecology are provided; The object of the invention is to overcome the construction of existing ecological revetment complicated, design shortcoming with high costs, there is provided a kind of new material as the direct water receiving plane materiel material on bank protection surface, there is good biocompatibility while greatly improving convenience for construction, the habitat of plant, microorganism and aquatic animal can be provided simultaneously.If because service condition changes, need to remove, its construction is also very rapidly simple.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Be applicable to a matrix for river course slope protection ecology transformation, it is made up of polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride;
The shape of described matrix is cuboid or cylinder (length and width or diameter are 30 ~ 1000mm), structurally hollow structure be can also be processed as required, such as in the middle of cuboid or cylinder, rectangle or circular opening (length and width or diameter are 10 ~ 200mm) are processed to form.
The effect of simulating nature boundary river bank hole can be played in space in the middle of described matrix between cavernous structure and plantation layer fibre substrate bar, becomes the place of multiplying and living of the aquatic animals such as fish, realizes the function of " fish nest ".Finally can select to superpose again one deck with material or use solid sheet fiber matrix material as structural reinforcement at plantation layer skin.
Host material raw material adopts the material the same with the fiberfill used in conventional water treatment, be made up of polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride, there is good biocompatibility, and good endurance (adopts anti-aging formula, its stable performance, there is uvioresistant, the feature such as high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, therefore under water more than 10 years also can holding structure stablize).It is extruded and form frame construction through mould again through sleave hot melt phase lap knot that its design feature is to use raw material, has porosity high (can reach 80% ~ 85%), compressive strength high (under 25t/m2 pressure, porosity still can reach more than 60%), non-damageable feature; And fibre substrate can be processed into various shape as required, such as be processed into cuboid or cylinder (length and width or diameter are 30 ~ 1000mm), structurally hollow structure be can also be processed as required, such as in the middle of cuboid or cylinder, rectangle or circular opening (length and width or diameter are 10 ~ 200mm) are processed to form.
And the effect of simulating nature boundary river bank hole can be played in the space in the middle of tencel matrix between cavernous structure and plantation layer fibre substrate bar, becomes the place of multiplying and living of the aquatic animals such as fish, realizes the function of " fish nest ".Finally can select to superpose again one deck with material or use solid sheet fiber matrix material as structural reinforcement at plantation layer skin, and if without impacts such as shippings, do not need to strengthen structure, outermost structural reinforcement can be cancelled.
Be applicable to a construction method for the matrix of slope protection ecologicization transformation, its concrete steps are:
A is more than the water surface of Slope protection shore protection surface or the fixing grasp made of following punching installation reinforcing bar or steel pipe;
Described Slope protection shore protection comprises and grouts stone or concrete material;
B selects cuboid or cylinder fibre substrate to carry out flexible assembling to be built into the rectangle or other shape bank protection modules that suit the requirements by according to slope protection construction place situation, needs the part of planting plants to adopt the fibre substrate module of hollow structure;
Fibre substrate modular transportation to job site, is directly fixed through grasp or installs suspension type hanger after punching, being then connected with fixing grasp by C in matrix module;
As river is drained, directly fix through grasp after punching in matrix module; If river can not be drained, suspension type hanger can be installed, then be connected with fixing grasp;
D fibre substrate module external surface arranges hole;
The hole according to circumstances can opening different size is to create the space being beneficial to small fishes or the breeding of other aquatic animals or hiding natural enemy.
Compared with prior art, good effect of the present invention is:
Because this design uses tencel matrix bulk density quite low, and adopt modularized design, therefore construction is got up very easy.First, can breed in plant cultivating bar hole by serike seedling in advance, after plant grows up, then be transported to construction plant in modular form, directly lay rapidly, the part that therefore can realize rapidly riverbank ecological functions is recovered; The second, domatic for cement hard common in river course original bank protection, particularly city, do not need to carry out the dismounting of hard artificial material, only need boring, install and admittedly push up reinforcing bar or shank, river course does not need to carry out any pre-operation (as draining is drained) yet; 3rd, because the filler material selected is consistent with the filler in water treatment, make it have the characteristic of membrane treatment process, the microorganisms such as bacterium can form biomembrane on filler (filament has huge surface area) surface; 4th, if need adjustment river course facility due to other reasons, this invention implement after material do not need to remove discarded yet, other places can be transferred to completely very easily and reinstall and continue to play a role.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 a is the process schematic representation one of embodiments of the invention;
Fig. 1 b is the process schematic representation two of embodiments of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the characteristic photo of tencel matrix; The left figure of 2a is various alternative shapes, and the 2b right side is plant cultivating strip matrix section;
Fig. 3 is the module construction mode schematic diagram of tencel substrate combination unit of the present invention imagination;
Fig. 4 is a kind of suspension type hanger schematic diagram needed in embodiment 2 situation in the present invention.
Being labeled as in accompanying drawing: 1-serike, 2-tencel substrate combination unit, 3-fixes grasp, the domatic fibre substrate of 4-solid contact (can select whether to add this layer), 5-hollow plant plantation fibre strip matrix, 6-can open the layer structure reinforcing fiber matrix (can select whether to add this layer) in different size hole at external surface, the space between 7-plant cultivating bar.
[detailed description of the invention]
The present invention is below provided a kind of matrix application process and detailed description of the invention of construction method being applicable to the transformation of river course slope protection ecology.
Embodiment 1:
By Fig. 1 a, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, application mode is pressed shown in Fig. 1 a, for most of urban river, its shore protection shows as to grout the hardening form that stone is representative, ecological functions are completely lost, but the ecology of removing reconstruction formula is on a large scale transformed of a high price and is difficult to carry out, knockdown tencel matrix is used for the ecology transformation of traditional bank by the present invention.This embodiment is applicable to river course need drain the situation exposing riverbank simultaneously, at this time only need simply to grout appropriate location (below the such as ordinary water level 10 ~ 20cm place) boring of below stone or concrete surface selection ordinary water level on riverbank, the grasp that use reinforcing bar or other firm materials are made is as fixed point, and then in the boring of vertical lower 20 ~ 30cm place, first hole, settle fixing grasp.Then wait for that Other Engineering is all implemented complete, prepare to discharge water the previous day, install (or transplanting plant below) matrix module cultivating plant, river course discharges water.
Fiberfill unit module building mode is shown in Fig. 3, the cuboid of appropriate size or cylinder fibre substrate can be selected to carry out flexible assembling to be built into the rectangle or other shape bank protection modules that suit the requirements according to slope protection construction place situation.Such as selecting height wide is that (length looks two installation anchor point spacing adjustment on the horizon of riverbank to 500 × 50mm specification, suggestion 2 ~ 4m) suitable length solid rectangles fibre substrate (see Fig. 2) as Novel slope protection basis plane materiel (this layer is optional layer), design principles is that 500mm size is as the length intersecting at the water surface, be laid on original riverbank, upper end can be set to below ordinary water level 5 ~ 20cm.Then length and width are selected to be that (size of space is indefinite at regular intervals as plant cultivating layer for the cuboid fibre substrate (hollow is of a size of 55mm × 25mm × 2) of 150 × 50mm specification, as requested with the adjustment of construction funds) on the basal layer that is laid in, middle hollow bore configuration makes serike also will become very convenient; Usually canna, parasol grass (fishscale bamboo), Lythrum salicaria, four seasons iris and other water plants can be selected.The tencel matrix module bulk density adopted due to the present invention is extremely low (even entirely solid matrix bulk density is only 100kg/m
3and the plant cultivating layer of hollow structure or sheet material bulk density lower, traditional rubble or the general density of other essence fillers are 2000 ~ 3000kg/m3), and employing modular construction, therefore construct very convenient, save time and do not need additional main equipment, plant can be selected to cultivate in advance in breeding base height of seedling and to a certain degree matrix is transported to together job site again and directly install, very rapidly.
Embodiment 2:
By Fig. 1 b, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, application mode is pressed shown in Fig. 1 b.In this case, river is not drained, and this kind of situation is more common, under this kind of situation, for ensureing that tencel matrix correctly to be submerged in water and to install firmly, needs the suspension type hanger using similar Fig. 4 form.Mode is as follows:
Stone or the concrete surface selection above appropriate location of ordinary water level (such as 5 ~ 10cm place) boring is grouted on riverbank, the grasp that use reinforcing bar or other firm materials are made is as fixed point, then the tencel matrix module installing suspension type hanger is transported to job site, directly links with grasp.Because composite module density is extremely low, therefore install also very simple.
The box-like module construction mode of tencel matrix group is shown in Fig. 3, identical with a upper embodiment, no longer states.
The present invention is based on tencel host material, utilize it loose porous but the characteristic of light overpressure resistant and specific ecological functions (plant can be planted, and microorganism in superficial growth, can have animal nest function concurrently simultaneously).Be processed as the shape with ad hoc structure, then directly can be laid in rapidly original bank slope both sides by fixing grasp in water conservancy construction, also the emergent aquactic plant can cultivated in advance or cuttage be matched thereon, constructs view that one deck adds and the bank protection structure that ecology function Primary Construction completes.What basically this Construction Mode adopted is modular mode, if therefore the mode that plant is cultivated in advance is carried out in employing in base, is then directly used by the sheet module that plant culture completes, and can realize again the effect that engineering is improved rapidly.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. be applicable to a matrix for slope protection ecologicization transformation, it is characterized in that, it is made up of polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride.
2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of be applicable to slope protection ecologicization transformation matrix, it is characterized in that, the shape of described matrix is cuboid or cylinder, or is structurally processed as hollow structure.
3. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of be applicable to slope protection ecologicization transformation matrix, it is characterized in that, the effect of simulating nature circle bank slope hole can be played in space in the middle of described matrix between cavernous structure and plantation layer fibre substrate bar, become the place of multiplying and living of aquatic animal, realize the function of " fish nest "; Finally can select to superpose again one deck with material or use solid sheet fiber matrix material as structural reinforcement at plantation layer skin.
4. be applicable to a construction method for the matrix of slope protection ecologicization transformation, it is characterized in that, its concrete steps are:
A is more than the water surface of Slope protection shore protection surface or the fixing grasp made of following punching installation reinforcing bar or steel pipe;
Described Slope protection shore protection comprises and grouts stone or concrete material;
B will select cuboid or cylinder fibre substrate to carry out assembling to be built into rectangle according to slope protection construction place situation, need the part of planting plants to adopt the fibre substrate module of hollow structure;
Fibre substrate modular transportation to job site, is directly fixed through grasp after punching or is connected with fixing grasp after installing suspension type hanger by C in matrix module;
D fibre substrate module external surface arranges hole.
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| CN201410218578.4A CN104213537A (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2014-05-22 | Combined design of substrate applicable to slope ecological transformation and construction method of substrate |
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| CN201410218578.4A CN104213537A (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2014-05-22 | Combined design of substrate applicable to slope ecological transformation and construction method of substrate |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104211181A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-17 | 温州医科大学 | Matrix design and construction method for interception band of gutter inlet and drain outlet |
| CN105174861A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-12-23 | 上海市普陀区社区绿化管理所 | Cavernous garden waste concrete for plantation |
| CN106702963A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-05-24 | 华东建筑设计研究院有限公司 | Vertical revetment |
| CN107926314A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-04-20 | 邓欢欢 | A kind of water plant planting matrix module and with the module bank protection construction method |
| CN110963581A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-04-07 | 温州医科大学 | Method for activating activity of biological membrane enzyme by combination of novel artificial substrate and plant |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110963581A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-04-07 | 温州医科大学 | Method for activating activity of biological membrane enzyme by combination of novel artificial substrate and plant |
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Application publication date: 20141217 |