CN106836113A - A kind of self-organizing formula ecology disappears unrestrained system - Google Patents

A kind of self-organizing formula ecology disappears unrestrained system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106836113A
CN106836113A CN201710175332.7A CN201710175332A CN106836113A CN 106836113 A CN106836113 A CN 106836113A CN 201710175332 A CN201710175332 A CN 201710175332A CN 106836113 A CN106836113 A CN 106836113A
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China
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disappears
unrestrained
field planting
living
self
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CN106836113B (en
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张彦辉
匡武
王翔宇
黄志�
常凯
袁步先
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ANHUI PROVINCE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
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ANHUI PROVINCE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02BHYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02BHYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/06Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Abstract

Disappear unrestrained system the invention discloses a kind of self-organizing formula ecology, including flexibility disappears unrestrained plant tape cell and rigidity disappears unrestrained skeleton unit;The flexibility unrestrained plant tape cell that disappears includes multiple field planting gunnysacks, and the field planting gunnysack is to fill soil and internal field planting has the gunnysack of emergent aquactic plant, and multiple field planting gunnysacks gather along embankment and are laid on the waters of the ordinary water level depth of water≤1.2m;The rigidity unrestrained skeleton that disappears includes multiple timbers and multiple willow piles living, and multiple timbers and multiple willow piles living beat the inner side of the unrestrained plant tape cell that disappears in the flexibility along embankment.The present invention has wind and wave resistance intensity high; wave absorbing effect is notable; constitutionally stable advantage; while wave is effectively disappeared; the unrestrained combination with macrophyte reestablishment that disappears, the i.e. building process of wave attenuating device are realized, while being also the process of lake storehouse Lakeside Zone restoration of the ecosystem; it is final to rebuild lake storehouse Lakeside Zone aquatic ecosystem, protect lake storehouse water front.

Description

A kind of self-organizing formula ecology disappears unrestrained system
Technical field
The present invention relates to water ecology field of engineering technology, relate in particular to a kind of self-organizing formula ecology and disappear unrestrained system.
Background technology
Stormy waves has extremely complex influence to the lake storehouse Lakeside Zone ecosystem.
On the windward side of long-term cardinal wind, influenceed by wind current, the wind was high and the waves were pressing, aquatic vegetation is cut by plant by waterpower Seriously, mechanical damage is caused, particularly lacks effective waterpower buffer condition in the restoration ecosystem phase, aquatic vegetation is difficult to grow. Stormy waves is serious to lake storehouse Lakeside Zone substrate sapping, and littoral zone bed mud is difficult to be detained, and it is generally hard bottom lakebed, aquatic plant to cause littoral zone Lacked effective matrix condition of growth, Lakeside Zone ecosystem function is lost;Further, since lack effective protection of vegetation, Cause sluicing that aggravation is washed away to loke shore, threaten water front safety.So, the exploitation of the unrestrained technology that disappears is for protection and reparation Hu Ku The Lakeside Zone ecosystem and lake storehouse water front safety, it appears very necessary.
In the prior art, the Chinese patent of Application No. 200410014926.2 discloses a kind of lake littoral zone and comprehensively disappears The wave elimination facility that method for wave and device, wherein wave attenuating device include has:Wood fence type wave eliminating band, block type soft wave eliminating band and artificial Wave absorption band before embankment, the Chinese patent of Application No. 201410409192.1 discloses a kind of improvement large-scale shallow water lake base The method for wave that disappears of plinth environment, the component of its wave that disappears includes concrete-pile and bamboo raft, although both wave attenuating device wave absorbing effects are bright It is aobvious, but their unitary function, and only disappear merely wave, and the wave that disappears also needs to remove facility after terminating.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide and a kind of aquatic ecosystem can be rebuild while wave is effectively disappeared Self-organizing formula ecology disappears unrestrained system.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that:A kind of self-organizing formula ecology disappears unrestrained system, Disappear unrestrained plant tape cell including flexibility and rigidity disappears unrestrained skeleton unit;
The flexibility unrestrained plant tape cell that disappears includes multiple field planting gunnysacks, and the field planting gunnysack is to fill soil and internal fixed The gunnysack of emergent aquactic plant is implanted with, multiple field planting gunnysacks gather along embankment and are laid on the waters of the ordinary water level depth of water≤1.2m;
The rigidity unrestrained skeleton that disappears includes multiple timbers and multiple willow piles living, multiple timbers and multiple willows living Stub beats the inner side of the unrestrained plant tape cell that disappears in the flexibility along embankment.
Further, multiple timbers and multiple willow piles living are arranged into one according to the mode of campshed or quincuncial pile It is more than row or two rows.
Further, in every a line that multiple timbers and multiple willow piles living are lined up, 1 is at least distributed per linear meter(lin.m.) The individual willow piles living, a timber is at least distributed between the two neighboring willow piles living.
Further, it is super if there is spacing in every a line that multiple timbers and multiple willow piles living are lined up Cross the part of setting value, then the rigidity disappear unrestrained skeleton also include be hung on the spacing more than setting value part on bamboo raft with And it is hung on the waterproof geotextiles on the bamboo raft.
Further, the diameter of the willow piles living is in more than 8cm.
Further, the timber is China fir of the diameter in more than 10cm.
Further, the emergent aquactic plant is reed, and reed is colonized in the field planting gunnysack by the way of rhizome culture transferring Soil in.
Further, the soil of the field planting gunnysack is the Sediments of Xiao Lang areas periphery.
Further, it is equipped with field planting rod on the field planting gunnysack, the upper end of the field planting rod is surfaced, lower end Insertion is water-bed, and the field planting rod is provided with the administration channel led to inside field planting gunnysack.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in:
1. the present invention has wind and wave resistance intensity high, and wave absorbing effect is notable, constitutionally stable advantage, in the same of wave that effectively disappear When, the disappear unrestrained combination with macrophyte reestablishment, the i.e. building process of wave attenuating device are realized, while being also the Lakeside Zone life of lake storehouse The process that state is repaired, it is final to rebuild lake storehouse Lakeside Zone aquatic ecosystem, protect lake storehouse water front.
2. the present invention guides measure by limited engineering, and the growth for relying primarily on Self-organization of Plant formula ability constitutes plant Wave attenuating device, adjusts wave absorbing effect, safeguards simple.
3. full ecological of the present invention, low cost, short construction period, are adapted to be advised greatly in the storehouse restoration of the ecosystem of eutrophication lake Mould popularization and application.
4. present invention can apply to the Ecology reconstruction of windward side eutrophication and degeneration lake storehouse Lakeside Zone, with wind and wave resistance Intensity is high, and significantly, Stability Analysis of Structures is perfect by the growth of Self-organization of Plant formula ability while wave is effectively disappeared for wave absorbing effect Wave absorbing effect, reduces the erosion of stormy waves, gradually recovers Lakeside Zone vegetation, realizes the recovery of aquatic vegetation, final to rebuild Hu Ku lakes Shore band aquatic ecosystem.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is that rigidity in one embodiment of the invention disappears the structural representation of unrestrained skeleton.
Fig. 3 is the anaphase effect figure of one embodiment of the invention.
In accompanying drawing the mark of each part for:11 timbers, 12 work willow piles, 13 bamboo rafts, 14 waterproof geotextiles, 21 field planting fiber crops Bag, 22 field planting rods, 221 administration channels, 3 embankments.
Specific embodiment
Describe the present invention in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.It should be noted that in the feelings not conflicted Under condition, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the application can be mutually combined.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
Self-organizing formula ecology of the present invention disappears unrestrained system, including flexibility disappears unrestrained plant tape cell and rigidity disappears unrestrained skeleton unit;
The flexibility unrestrained plant tape cell that disappears includes multiple field planting gunnysacks 21, and the field planting gunnysack 21 is to fill soil and interior Portion's field planting has the gunnysack of emergent aquactic plant, and multiple field planting gunnysacks 21 gather along embankment 3 and are laid on the ordinary water level depth of water≤1.2m Waters;
The rigidity unrestrained skeleton that disappears includes multiple timbers 11 and multiple willow piles 12 living, multiple timbers 11 and multiple institutes Willow piles living 12 are stated along 3 dozens of inner sides of the unrestrained plant tape cell that disappears in the flexibility of embankment.
In one embodiment, multiple timbers 11 and multiple willow piles living 12 are according to campshed or the mode of quincuncial pile Arrangement is in a row or more than two rows.So design, the rigidity of formation disappears unrestrained skeleton can be parallel to windward side, and disappear unrestrained efficiency and effect Get a promotion.
In one embodiment, in every a line that multiple timbers 11 and multiple willow piles living 12 are lined up, per linear meter(lin.m.) 1 willow piles living 12 is at least distributed, a timber 11 is at least distributed between the two neighboring willow piles living 12.This Sample is designed, and the initial stage that can not only implement in system has preferable wave absorbing effect, and after timber rots to disappear, by willow living The willow that stub grows up to is reasonably distributed, and still ensure that preferable wave absorbing effect.
The setting of timber spacing, should consider engineering cost, more consider whether to bear stormy waves load, zero spacing of selection or Smaller spacing, no doubt effect is good, but high cost, therefore can be implemented according to actual conditions segmented or increase spacing, join See Fig. 2, in one embodiment, in every a line that multiple timbers 11 and multiple willow piles living 12 are lined up, if there is Spacing exceedes the part of setting value, then hang bamboo raft 13 on the part for exceeding setting value in the spacing, and in the bamboo raft 13 Waterproof geotextiles 14 are hung near the side of embankment.In general, this setting value is 100mm, namely during spacing >=100mm, Need to set bamboo raft and waterproof geotextiles, so, can be offset between two neighboring timber by bamboo raft and waterproof geotextiles Stormy waves, in addition, being connected with lateral connection timber between timber 11, can strengthen timber intensity, and the lower end of waterproof geotextiles 14 leads to The field planting gunnysack 21 is crossed to be fixed.
In one embodiment, the diameter of the willow piles living 12 is in more than 8cm.It is not only economical from this willow piles living Property it is good, moderate, intensity is high, with certain capacity of anti-storm, and easy construction.
In one embodiment, the timber 11 is China fir of the diameter in more than 10cm.From this timber, not only intensity Height, with certain capacity of anti-storm, and material is common, easily purchase, price material benefit, convenient construction.
In one embodiment, the emergent aquactic plant is reed, and reed is colonized in the field planting by the way of rhizome culture transferring In the soil of gunnysack.Reed well developed root system, anchoring capability is strong, with stronger capacity of anti-storm and the ability for purifying water;Reed Reed growth and breeding is fast, and biomass is high, and landscape effect is good;Reed ecological environment of distribution is wide, adapts to the environment of alternation of wetting and drying, and distribution can be from Long-term ponding is to more than the water surface certain elevation, and adaptability is stronger;Sheet of reed marshes is ingesting and breeding for aquatic bird class Ideal place;And reed is the common emergent aquactic plant in Chaohu Prefecture, is also the dominant species in the existing wetland emergent aquactic plant in Chaohu.
In one embodiment, the soil of the field planting gunnysack 21 is the Sediments of Xiao Lang areas periphery.Using this scheme, Extra compost need not be bought, the vegetable seeds base resource in bed mud has both been made full use of, and does not account for lake body storage capacity, it is practical.
It is general to implement preferably to select depending on the time main habit by willow piles living and emergent aquactic plant that the present invention is implemented Dry season before and after spring is carried out.
The waters of the ordinary water level depth of water≤1.2m disclosure satisfy that the growing environment of the emergent aquactic plants such as reed, and field planting gunnysack falls normal On the lakebed in the waters of the water level depth of water≤1.2m, on the one hand can reduce stormy waves and wash away lake bottom of the reservior mud, on the other hand as very water The primary growth place of plant, facilitates the plantation of emergent aquactic plant, and is disappeared wave as the rigidity of windward side by timber and willow piles living Skeleton can effectively eliminate stormy waves, reduce stormy waves and wash away, it is ensured that the field planting gunnysack behind the rigid unrestrained skeleton that disappears is from stormy waves Influence, so as to ensure that the emergent aquactic plant being colonized in gunnysack is effectively bonded to lakebed and normal growth in early growth period;
With willow piles living and the germinating growth of emergent aquactic plant, root system and cauline leaf tentatively length greatly enhance it is close, while with abundance of water The arrival of phase, through timber and the wave that disappears layer by layer of willow piles living, delays hydraulics, and the ecology that willow and emergent aquactic plant are constituted disappears wave System tentatively possesses the ability of certain storm resisting, and progressively recovers to be suitable to the hydrology flow field of aquatic plants growth, forms willow The disappear jointly self-organizing formula ecology of wave of tree and emergent aquactic plant disappears unrestrained system;
Coming years, timber and bamboo raft etc. damage even rot, fade away, willow piles further length greatly enhance it is close, with reed The water zone of vegetation of enduring based on reed continues to extend growth to surrounding, forms cover degree wider, root system tightr, antijamming capability stronger Plant wave-breaking body system, Lakeside Zone hydrologic condition is further improved, and aquatic ecosystem is realized recovering from succession.
In one embodiment, field planting rod 22, the upper end dew of the field planting rod 22 are equipped with the field planting gunnysack 21 Go out the insertion of lake surface 4, lower end water-bed, the field planting rod 22 is provided with the administration channel 221 for leading to and being colonized inside gunnysack 21.Field planting The one side of rod 22 plays fixation to field planting gunnysack 21, it is ensured that the implantation of emergent aquactic plant and growth, on the other hand thereon Administration channel 221 can be used for field planting gunnysack 21 conveying emergent aquactic plant needs nutriment and when there is disease to produce it is defeated Send medicine, it is ensured that the growth of emergent aquactic plant, and reduce the consumption of nutriment and medicine as much as possible, it is right to reduce The pollution of water body, later stage field planting rod 22 rots to disappear, also can be used as the nutrient of emergent aquactic plant.
By taking the Lakeside Zone restoration of the ecosystem of Chaohu as an example, in national " 12 " science and technology key special subjects problem《Chaohu Lakeside Zone with Country fair area buffer strip ecological reestablishment and engineering mimoir》Xu Di falling zones rebuild be located at ecological functions recovery technology trial zone Chaohu Coast of Northwest, on the windward side in long-term cardinal wind, Lakeside Zone ecological environment is obvious by Lidar Equation.Especially in flood Phase, Chaohu water level is high, fetch remote, lake surface is of strong winds and high waves, calculates wave run-up and wind is stopped up height and is aggregated between 2.5~3m.Wind What wave was caused is Chaohu Xi Banhu Lakeside Zones most prominent ecological problem and Landscape.
Selection Chaohu Xi Banhu Coast of Northwest 300m Lakeside Zones, aquatic vegetation disappears at this, and summer and autumn blue-green alga bloom is piled up.2 months Dry season usage mining machine along embankment anomaly row water front 60m (now, its outside waters the ordinary water level depth of water≤1.2m, Certainly under the conditions of the ordinary water level depth of water≤1.2m is met, it is also possible to which the scale according to Ecological Restoration Project specifically determines) place squeezes into Fir pile and willow piles living, and when windward side and prevailing wind direction angle >=60 °, spacing selection is 0cm, in addition in the case of, spacing It is 300mm to select, and is the survival rate for ensureing willow, and 2 willow piles living are squeezed into row per linear meter(lin.m.) fir pile, then therebetween away from To carry additionally bamboo raft on the fir pile of 300mm, and waterproof geotextiles are hung on bamboo raft, disappeared with the rigidity that this is constituted parallel to windward side Unrestrained skeleton;
The rigidity waters that disappears on the outside of unrestrained skeleton disappears unrestrained vegetational zone as flexibility, and to ensure reed set lakebed, early growth period is exempted from Corroded by stormy waves, chosen the lake body bed mud of Xiao Lang areas periphery as matrix, filled gunnysack and seal, be laid in the waters, 3~ April, nearby local Reed rhizome was chosen in pool, and its aerial stem of plant retains more than 300mm, and subterranean stem keeps complete and starts germination; The density according to 6 plants/bag preceding by the end of March, the plantation of the unrestrained vegetational zone completion reed that disappears in flexibility;To by the end of May, willow and reed survive Rate reaches more than 90%;To by the end of June, the new branch long of willow reaches more than 1m, and reed plant reaches more than 1m;7~September, with The growth of the plant such as willow and reed, root system and cauline leaf tentatively length greatly enhance it is close, with the arrival of wet season, through China fir campshed and work The wave that disappears layer by layer of willow, delays hydraulics, and the ecological wave eliminating band of the plant constitution such as willow and reed is preliminary to be possessed and necessarily support The ability of imperial stormy waves.To by the end of November, willow is luxuriant with reed growing way, forms the self-organizing formula ecology that willow disappears unrestrained jointly with reed Wave attenuating device, while recovering aquatic vegetation area up to 1.8 ten thousand m2
After implementing the present invention, the initial stage is disappeared unrestrained skeleton as the rigidity of windward side using live willow piles and fir pile;And be colonized On the one hand stormy waves can be reduced washes away lake bottom of the reservior mud to gunnysack, on the other hand as the primary growth place of emergent aquactic plant, can be conveniently The plantation of emergent aquactic plant, and field planting gunnysack is behind the rigid unrestrained skeleton that disappears, can be from Lidar Equation, so as to ensure field planting fiber crops Emergent aquactic plant in bag is effectively bonded to lakebed normal growth in early growth period, and the flexibility for forming one fixed width disappears unrestrained vegetational zone; The season of growth, emergent aquactic plant and willow germinating growth based on reed, the numerous leaf of branch is close, through cutting down lake wave layer by layer, delays waterpower bar Part, it is final to recover to be suitable to the hydrology flow field of aquatic plants growth, form reed and willow and disappear jointly the ecological wave attenuating device of wave.Water After raw vegetation progressively recovers, disappear wave and the pollution degradation capability of itself are enhanced, and the matrix and hydrologic condition of Lakeside Zone are entered One step is improved, and aquatic ecosystem is realized recovering from succession.
It should be understood that example as herein described and implementation method are not intended to limit the invention, this area only for explanation Technical staff can make various modifications or change according to it, all any modifications within the spirit and principles in the present invention, made, Equivalent, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of self-organizing formula ecology disappears unrestrained system, it is characterised in that:Disappear unrestrained plant tape cell including flexibility and rigidity disappears unrestrained bone Frame unit;
The flexibility unrestrained plant tape cell that disappears includes multiple field planting gunnysacks, and the field planting gunnysack has to fill soil and internal field planting The gunnysack of emergent aquactic plant, multiple field planting gunnysacks gather along embankment and are laid on the waters of the ordinary water level depth of water≤1.2m;
The rigidity unrestrained skeleton that disappears includes multiple timbers and multiple willow piles living, multiple timbers and multiple willow piles living The inner side of the unrestrained plant tape cell that disappears in the flexibility is beaten along embankment.
2. self-organizing formula ecology as claimed in claim 1 disappears unrestrained system, it is characterised in that:Described in multiple timbers and multiple Willow piles living are arranged in a row or more than two rows according to the mode of campshed or quincuncial pile.
3. self-organizing formula ecology as claimed in claim 2 disappears unrestrained system, it is characterised in that:Described in multiple timbers and multiple In every a line that willow piles living are lined up, 1 willow piles living is at least distributed per linear meter(lin.m.), between the two neighboring willow piles living At least it is distributed a timber.
4. self-organizing formula ecology as claimed in claim 2 disappears unrestrained system, it is characterised in that:Described in multiple timbers and multiple In every a line that willow piles living are lined up, the part if there is spacing more than setting value, then the rigidity unrestrained skeleton that disappears also include The spacing is hung on more than the bamboo raft on the part of setting value and the waterproof geotextiles being hung on the bamboo raft.
5. self-organizing formula ecology as claimed in claim 1 or 2 disappears unrestrained system, it is characterised in that:The diameter of the willow piles living In more than 8cm.
6. self-organizing formula ecology as claimed in claim 1 or 2 disappears unrestrained system, it is characterised in that:The timber exists for diameter The China fir of more than 10cm.
7. self-organizing formula ecology as claimed in claim 1 or 2 disappears unrestrained system, it is characterised in that:The emergent aquactic plant is reed, Reed is colonized in by the way of the rhizome culture transferring in the soil of the field planting gunnysack.
8. self-organizing formula ecology as claimed in claim 1 or 2 disappears unrestrained system, it is characterised in that:The soil of the field planting gunnysack It is the Sediments of Xiao Lang areas periphery.
9. self-organizing formula ecology as claimed in claim 1 or 2 disappears unrestrained system, it is characterised in that:Worn on the field planting gunnysack There is a field planting rod, the upper end of the field planting rod is surfaced, lower end insertion is water-bed, and the field planting rod is provided with and leads to field planting Administration channel inside gunnysack.
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CN108532540A (en) * 2018-05-16 2018-09-14 江苏省盐城市航道管理处 Cotton stalk encircles water draining waterway revetment system and its construction method
CN110374402A (en) * 2019-07-30 2019-10-25 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 A kind of profundal zone Eco-Island body fence and its construction method
CN110424813A (en) * 2019-07-30 2019-11-08 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 A kind of streamlined Eco-Island body fence and its construction method
CN110759479A (en) * 2019-11-02 2020-02-07 苏州市水利设计研究院有限公司 Landscape lake water quality purification system
CN112359775A (en) * 2020-10-12 2021-02-12 河海大学 Ecological zone construction method for reducing waves and sandy beach argillization

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108532540A (en) * 2018-05-16 2018-09-14 江苏省盐城市航道管理处 Cotton stalk encircles water draining waterway revetment system and its construction method
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CN110374402A (en) * 2019-07-30 2019-10-25 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 A kind of profundal zone Eco-Island body fence and its construction method
CN110424813A (en) * 2019-07-30 2019-11-08 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 A kind of streamlined Eco-Island body fence and its construction method
CN110759479A (en) * 2019-11-02 2020-02-07 苏州市水利设计研究院有限公司 Landscape lake water quality purification system
CN112359775A (en) * 2020-10-12 2021-02-12 河海大学 Ecological zone construction method for reducing waves and sandy beach argillization

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