CN102257941B - Culture and updating pruning method for bearing branch groups of red fuji apples - Google Patents
Culture and updating pruning method for bearing branch groups of red fuji apples Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a culture and updating pruning method for bearing branch groups of red fuji apples. The method comprises the following steps of: culturing large-sized bearing branch groups on each fruit tree, and culturing medium-sized bearing branch groups and small-sized bearing branch groups in the large-sized bearing branch groups or among the large-sized bearing branch groups, wherein in a high yield period, fruit trees per mu comprise 1,200 to 1,600 small-sized bearing branch groups, 240 to 320 medium-sized bearing branch groups and 120 to 160 large-sized bearing branch groups in a spindle-shaped fruit ranch, and when branch ages of the bearing branch groups are between 4 and 5 years, updating rejuvenation is performed once every winter. The culture and updating pruning method for the bearing branch groups of the red fuji apples is a good culture method for the large-sized bearing branch groups, and the defects of late bearing and low yield which are caused by the conventional culture method for the bearing branch groups are thus overcome.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to apple tree pruning technique field, relate to a kind of cultivation and renewal pruning method of fruit bearing shoot group of red fuji apple.
Background technology
Pruning is an important technique measure in the apple tree cultivation management; Need be according to the biological property of kind, prune the basic law of reaction and in the concrete manifestation of locality; Suit measures to local conditions, because of tree suiting measures to different conditions, grasp flexibly, dynamically execute and cut, just can obtain effect preferably.The fruit bearing shoot group is cultivated and renewal is crucial link in the apple tree pruning technique, also is the technology that technological more complicated in the apple pruning, operation are relatively taken a lot of work.
Apple fruit bearing shoot group is the most basic unit as a result of apple tree body, and the cultivation of apple production and quality and fruit bearing shoot group and renewal pruning relation are very closely.The equipping rules of apple fruit bearing shoot group is fully to capture the space, guarantees that again reduction of fractions to a common denominator printing opacity is good, also will help setting body and become the bow structure fruit.In past all apple cultivations of China or the apple production textbook, " putting earlier afterwards contracts or cut afterwards earlier puts " two kinds of methods are mainly adopted in the cultivation of all talking about apple fruit bearing shoot group.The kind that brachyplast, cutting back were prone to emit bar and prune the numerous sense of reaction during the back method of contracting of wherein putting earlier was applicable to and is prone to form is like kinds such as Fuji apple, Red Star and Qiao Najin; Cultivate general these methods of using of small-sized branch group cultivates more.Adopt this method cultivation results branch group result early, method is easy, but branch is organized base portion baldness sometimes.Cut earlier afterwards the method for putting be applicable to kind such as state's light, gold hat, red delicious and crisp or in weak tree and the oblique living golden mean of the Confucian school branch group in the full bearing period cultivate, general large and medium-sized branch group uses this methods cultivation.Yet the cultivation to the large-scale fruit bearing shoot group of Fuji apple's kind in the middle of the existing file does not propose good cultural method.
China's apple area has reached more than 3,000 ten thousand mu at present, accounts for world's apple gross area more than 50%.Wherein China's red fuji apple area accounts for the national apple gross area 65%, nearly 2,000 ten thousand mu.Red fuji apple quality better, storage tolerance, the consumer misses potter.But Fuji apple's the producer generally believes that Fuji apple's kind becomes to spend difficulty, and management is taken a lot of work.Adopt that traditional branch group cultural method result is late partially, output is lower.Therefore, to the red fuji apple kind, select new fruit bearing shoot group cultural method particular importance.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention solves is to provide a kind of cultivation and renewal pruning method of fruit bearing shoot group of red fuji apple; The fruit bearing shoot group of utilizing this method to prune out to comprise large, medium and small type; Medium and small fruit bearing shoot is the fruit bearing shoot group of the droop or the formula of tiltedly hanging down, and has overcome existing fruit bearing shoot group cultural method and the defective that the result is late partially, output is lower that causes.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
At the growth breeding phase of fruit bearing shoot group, at first on every strain fruit tree, cultivate large-scale fruit bearing shoot group, cultivating medium-sized fruit bearing shoot group and small-sized fruit bearing shoot group within the large-scale fruit bearing shoot group or between large-scale fruit bearing shoot group then; The length of large-scale fruit bearing shoot group reaches more than the 40cm, and the length of medium-sized fruit bearing shoot group is 20～40cm, and the length of small-sized fruit bearing shoot group is below the 20cm; Small-sized fruit bearing shoot group is made up of branch more than 3 at least, in wherein having, 1～2 of brachyplast;
After getting into high yield period, every mu of fruit tree has 1200～1600 of small-sized fruit bearing shoot groups, 240～320 of medium-sized fruit bearing shoot groups, 120～160 of large-scale fruit bearing shoot groups; The branch amount stayed of every mu of fruit tree is 60000～80000, and fruit bearing shoot is 1: 4 with the quantity ratio of vegetative shoot;
Once upgraded rejuvenation annual winter when fruit bearing shoot group branch reached 4～5 years age, to small-sized fruit bearing shoot group keep 1/3 in, brachyplast, in the light cutting back 1/3, brachyplast, heavy cutting back or dredge remove 1/3 in, brachyplast, short its branch; 20～30% of total length is removed in the pruning that bounces back of centering, large-scale fruit bearing shoot group every year.
The large-scale fruit bearing shoot group of every mu of fruit tree: medium-sized fruit bearing shoot group: the quantitative proportion of small-sized fruit bearing shoot group is 1: 2: 7.
The cultivation of described large-scale fruit bearing shoot group, medium-sized fruit bearing shoot group and small-sized fruit bearing shoot group is:
1 year winter after the field planting of fruit tree seedling; The central authorities leader is done the branch that sends; Remove from apart from the branch below the 80cm of ground, keep apart from more than the 80cm of ground and the same side interval between branch be the branch of 0.2～0.7m, the branch that keeps is cultivated as large-scale fruit bearing shoot group;
Summer, the autumn in the 3rd year; When the branch of branch is long when surpassing line-spacing 50%, two hands are held a branch place and a branch base portion respectively, about reverse the branch base portion sprained after; Make progress again, downwarping repeatedly; Branch is pulled to tiltedly down and fixing, draw an angle to reach 120～130 degree, make it be in the state that tiltedly hangs down;
In the budding period in the 4th year spring, the fruit bearing shoot that tiltedly hangs down is carved bud or multiple tracks ring cutting, inspire sprig, to cultivate medium and small fruit bearing shoot group.
Described every strain fruit tree is cultivated 15～20 of large-scale fruit bearing shoot groups, 30～40 of medium-sized fruit bearing shoot groups, and 150～200 of small-sized fruit bearing shoot groups, every mu of plantation 80 strains form the spindle orchard.
The interval between branch of described branch is according to tree-like setting of pruning:
The interval between branch of the tree-like branch that keeps for free spindle is 0.7m, and the interval between branch of tree-like branch for slender spindle-shaped reservation is that the interval between branch of 0.5m, the tree-like branch that keeps for high spindle is 0.2m.
The cultivation of described large-scale fruit bearing shoot group, medium-sized fruit bearing shoot group and small-sized fruit bearing shoot group is:
To cultivating little crown or happy shape orchard; After the field planting of fruit tree seedling in 3～5 years; On the central authorities leader does, keep and cultivate 6～10 major branches, the angle that major branch and central authorities leader do is 85～90 degree, draws branch 150～180 to spend to the branch that sends on the major branch; On major branch, whenever cultivate a large-scale fruit bearing shoot group, between large-scale fruit bearing shoot group, cultivate little, medium-sized fruit bearing shoot group at a distance from 40～60cm.
Described every strain fruit tree is cultivated 30～40 of large-scale fruit bearing shoot groups, 60～80 of medium-sized fruit bearing shoot groups, and 300～400 of small-sized fruit bearing shoot groups are cultivated 4～8 large-scale fruit bearing shoot groups on one of them major branch.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial technical effects:
The cultivation of the fruit bearing shoot group of red fuji apple provided by the invention and renewal pruning method are a kind of cultural methods of large-scale fruit bearing shoot group well.Pay attention to the control of quantity with the size of fruit bearing shoot group; Proposition becomes large-scale fruit bearing shoot group, medium-sized fruit bearing shoot group and small-sized fruit bearing shoot group to cultivate the fruit bearing shoot component; At first cultivate large-scale fruit bearing shoot group, and then within the large-scale fruit bearing shoot group or between cultivate medium-sized fruit bearing shoot group and small-sized fruit bearing shoot group; The large-scale fruit bearing shoot group of every mu of fruit tree: medium-sized fruit bearing shoot group: the quantitative proportion of small-sized fruit bearing shoot group is 1: 2: 7.
The fruit bearing shoot group of large, medium and small type becomes droop or the fruit bearing shoot group of the formula of tiltedly hanging down through drawing branch or fruit action of gravity, can either make full use of the space like this and carry out three-dimensional result, increases output, has guaranteed that again ventilation and penetrating light is good, helps fruit quality and improves; The defective that the result who has overcome existing fruit bearing shoot group cultural method and caused is late partially, output is lower.
The cultivation of the fruit bearing shoot group of red fuji apple provided by the invention and renewal pruning method are applicable to the pruning in spindle orchard (comprising high spindle, slender spindle-shaped and free spindle), little crown and happy shape orchard; And through upgrading rejuvenation, it is strong to keep the fruit bearing shoot establishment, guarantees the apple tree high grade producing.
Cultivation and renewal pruning method according to the fruit bearing shoot group of red fuji apple provided by the invention both can get into high yield period in general about 5 years, and especially large-scale fruit bearing shoot group is born fruit early, and early yield can reach 2000～3000kg for every mu.
Embodiment
The cultivation of the fruit bearing shoot group of red fuji apple provided by the invention and renewal pruning method are a kind of cultural methods of large-scale fruit bearing shoot group well, are applicable to the pruning in spindle orchard, little crown and happy shape orchard.The embodiment that prunes below in conjunction with difference does further detailed description to the present invention, and said is to explanation of the present invention rather than qualification.
The cultivation of the fruit bearing shoot group of red fuji apple provided by the invention and renewal pruning method; Pay attention to the control of quantity with the size of fruit bearing shoot group; With the fruit bearing shoot component is that large-scale fruit bearing shoot group, medium-sized fruit bearing shoot group and small-sized fruit bearing shoot group are cultivated one by one, and control high yield orchard mu stays the branch amount:
At first on every strain fruit tree, cultivate large-scale fruit bearing shoot group, cultivating medium-sized fruit bearing shoot group and small-sized fruit bearing shoot group within the large-scale fruit bearing shoot group or between large-scale fruit bearing shoot group then;
After fruit tree was shaped, the length of large-scale fruit bearing shoot group reached more than the 40cm, and the length of medium-sized fruit bearing shoot group is 20～40cm, and the length of small-sized fruit bearing shoot group is below the 20cm; Small-sized fruit bearing shoot group is made up of branch more than 3 at least, in wherein having, 1～2 of brachyplast; The length of branch is 5～15cm in described, and the length of brachyplast is 2～5cm.
After getting into high yield period, every mu of fruit tree has 1200～1600 of small-sized fruit bearing shoot groups, 240～320 of medium-sized fruit bearing shoot groups, 120～160 of large-scale fruit bearing shoot groups; The branch amount stayed of every mu of fruit tree is 60000～80000, and fruit bearing shoot is 1: 4 with the quantity ratio of vegetative shoot; The large-scale fruit bearing shoot group of every mu of fruit tree: medium-sized fruit bearing shoot group: the quantitative proportion of small-sized fruit bearing shoot group is 1: 2: 7.
Keeping apple tree fruit bearing shoot group healthy and strong, is unique effective means of guaranteeing apple tree high-quality, high yield, high benefit, and to the full bearing period fruit tree once upgrade rejuvenation every year, then be to keep branch to set up strongly, guarantee unique effective way of apple tree high grade producing:
Carry out when the renewal pruning of apple tree fruit bearing shoot group is mainly cut in the winter, specifically during winter pruning to the sprig group keep in 1/3, brachyplast, in the light cutting back 1/3, brachyplast, heavy cutting back or dredge remove 1/3 in, brachyplast, short its branch.Centering, large-scale branch are organized the pruning that bounces back, and remove total length 20-30% general every year, saves nutrition, promote to keep a section and grow.
The present invention provides method, is applicable to the pruning in spindle orchard, little crown and happy shape orchard, specifies through concrete embodiment.
The pruning in embodiment 1 spindle orchard
Described spindle orchard comprises high spindle, slender spindle-shaped and free spindle, and concrete cultivation and trimming method are:
1 year winter after the field planting of fruit tree seedling; The central authorities leader is done the branch that sends; Remove from apart from the branch below the 80cm of ground; Reservation apart from more than the 80cm of ground and the same side interval between branch be the branch (tree-like difference, spacing different) of 0.2～0.7m, the branch that keeps is cultivated (not as major branch) as large-scale fruit bearing shoot group; The central authorities leader does to go up from the up different tree-like same sides of 80cm and stays interval between branch different, wherein free spindle 0.7m, slender spindle-shaped 0.5m, high spindle 0.2m;
Summer, the autumn in the 3rd year,, branch is held the branch place with left hand when the branch of branch is long when surpassing line-spacing 50%; The right hand is held a base portion, gradually firmly turns round about 90 degree to left and right, and the branch base portion is sprained; Make progress again, downwarping several times, branch is pulled to tiltedly down, and fixing getting final product; Draw an angle to reach 120～130 degree, make it be in the state that tiltedly hangs down; 15～20 of large-scale fruit bearing shoot groups are cultivated in every strain;
In the budding period in the 4th year spring, the fruit bearing shoot that tiltedly hangs down is carved bud or multiple tracks ring cutting, inspire sprig, to cultivate medium and small fruit bearing shoot group.The medium-sized branch of wherein every strain is 30～40 of groups as a result, 150～200 of small-sized fruit bearing shoot groups.These medium and small fruit bearing shoot groups through the effect of fruit gravity, can be in sagging or tiltedly living state by nature.Later 2 years winter pruning mode is identical, constantly improves the quantity and the type of branch group.
Once upgraded rejuvenation annual winter when fruit bearing shoot group branch reached 4～5 years age; To small-sized fruit bearing shoot group keep 1/3 in, brachyplast; In the light cutting back 1/3, brachyplast (general light cutting back refer to remove branch long 20～30%); Heavy cutting back or dredge to remove 1/3 in, brachyplast (general heavy cutting back refer to remove branch long 70～80%), short its branch; Total length 20～30% is removed in centering, large-scale fruit bearing shoot group (mainly the referring to the branch shaft portion) pruning that bounces back every year.
General 5 years left and right sides, spindle orchard are tree-like cultivates completion, and large-scale then fruit bearing shoot begins to bear fruit, and the 6th～7 reaches high yield period, and output is every mu of 2500～3000kg.
The pruning in embodiment 2 little crown and happy shape orchards
After the field planting of fruit tree seedling in 3～5 years, on the central authorities leader does, keep and cultivate 6～10 major branches, the angle that major branch and central authorities leader do is 85～90 degree, draws branch 150～180 to spend to the branch that sends on the major branch, near hang; On major branch, whenever cultivate a large-scale fruit bearing shoot group, between large-scale fruit bearing shoot group, utilize branch length to put cultivation results branch group and cultivate little, medium-sized fruit bearing shoot group at a distance from 40～60cm.
General little crown and happy shape orchard mu is planted 40 strains; Every strain fruit tree is brought 30～40 of type fruit bearing shoot groups (cultivating 4～8 on one of them major branch) up; 60～80 of medium-sized fruit bearing shoot groups; 300～400 of small-sized fruit bearing shoot groups, through the effect of fruit gravity, these fruit bearing shoot groups also can be in sagging naturally or tiltedly give birth to state.
When finding fruit bearing shoot group growth long shoot year increment, when fruit bearing shoot can not sent out fruit platform sublateral shoot, explain that the fruit bearing shoot group is old and feeble, in time upgrade less than 20cm.General coronule shape orchard fruit bearing shoot group branch reaches 4～5 years and just need begin renewal age; Happy shape fruit bearing shoot group leader is put the time limit and can be reached 5～7 years, though the branch top attenuates 0.3～0.5 centimetre of diameter; But can also bear big fruit, renewal just can bounce back when phenomenon occurring not as a result.
To small-sized fruit bearing shoot group keep 1/3 in, brachyplast, in the light cutting back 1/3, brachyplast (general light cutting back refer to remove branch long 20～30%), heavy cutting back or dredge remove 1/3 in, brachyplast (general heavy cutting back refer to remove branch long 70～80%), short its branch; Total length 20～30% is removed in centering, large-scale fruit bearing shoot group (mainly the referring to the branch axle) pruning that bounces back every year.
Claims (7)
1. the cultivation of the fruit bearing shoot group of a red fuji apple and renewal pruning method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
At the growth breeding phase of fruit bearing shoot group, at first on every strain fruit tree, cultivate large-scale fruit bearing shoot group, cultivating medium-sized fruit bearing shoot group and small-sized fruit bearing shoot group within the large-scale fruit bearing shoot group or between large-scale fruit bearing shoot group then; The length of large-scale fruit bearing shoot group reaches more than the 40cm, and the length of medium-sized fruit bearing shoot group is 20～40cm, and the length of small-sized fruit bearing shoot group is below the 20cm; Small-sized fruit bearing shoot group is made up of branch more than 3 at least, and branch and brachyplast are 1～2 in wherein having;
After getting into high yield period, every mu of fruit tree has 1200～1600 of small-sized fruit bearing shoot groups, 240～320 of medium-sized fruit bearing shoot groups, 120～160 of large-scale fruit bearing shoot groups; The branch amount stayed of every mu of fruit tree is 60000～80000, and the quantity of fruit bearing shoot and vegetative shoot is than being 1:4;
Once upgraded rejuvenation annual winter when fruit bearing shoot group branch reached 4～5 years age, and small-sized fruit bearing shoot group is kept 1/3 middle branch and brachyplast, the middle branch and the brachyplast of light cutting back 1/3, heavy cutting back or dredge and remove 1/3 middle branch and brachyplast, short its branch; To the pruning that bounces back of medium-sized fruit bearing shoot group and large-scale fruit bearing shoot group, remove 20～30% of total length every year.
2. the cultivation of the fruit bearing shoot group of red fuji apple as claimed in claim 1 and renewal pruning method is characterized in that, get into high yield period after, the large-scale fruit bearing shoot group of every mu of fruit tree: medium-sized fruit bearing shoot group: the quantitative proportion of small-sized fruit bearing shoot group is 1:2:7.
3. the cultivation of the fruit bearing shoot group of red fuji apple as claimed in claim 1 and renewal pruning method is characterized in that, the cultivation of described large-scale fruit bearing shoot group, medium-sized fruit bearing shoot group and small-sized fruit bearing shoot group is:
1 year winter after the field planting of fruit tree seedling; The central authorities leader is done the branch that sends; Remove from apart from the branch below the 80cm of ground, keep apart from more than the 80cm of ground and the same side interval between branch be the branch of 0.2～0.7m, the branch that keeps is cultivated as large-scale fruit bearing shoot group;
Summer, the autumn in the 3rd year; When the branch of branch is long when surpassing line-spacing 50%, two hands are held a branch place and a branch base portion respectively, about reverse the branch base portion sprained after; Make progress again, downwarping repeatedly; Branch is pulled to tiltedly down and fixing, draw an angle to reach 120～130 degree, make it be in the state that tiltedly hangs down;
In the budding period in the 4th year spring, the fruit bearing shoot that tiltedly hangs down is carved bud or multiple tracks ring cutting, inspire sprig, to cultivate medium-sized fruit bearing shoot group and small-sized fruit bearing shoot group.
4. the cultivation of the fruit bearing shoot group of red fuji apple as claimed in claim 3 and renewal pruning method; It is characterized in that; Described every strain fruit tree is cultivated 15～20 of large-scale fruit bearing shoot groups, 30～40 of medium-sized fruit bearing shoot groups, 150～200 of small-sized fruit bearing shoot groups; Every mu of plantation 80 strains form the spindle orchard.
5. the cultivation of the fruit bearing shoot group of red fuji apple as claimed in claim 3 and renewal pruning method is characterized in that, the interval between branch of described branch is according to tree-like setting of pruning:
The interval between branch of the tree-like branch that keeps for free spindle is 0.7m, and the interval between branch of tree-like branch for slender spindle-shaped reservation is that the interval between branch of 0.5m, the tree-like branch that keeps for high spindle is 0.2m.
6. the cultivation of the fruit bearing shoot group of red fuji apple as claimed in claim 1 and renewal pruning method is characterized in that, the cultivation of described large-scale fruit bearing shoot group, medium-sized fruit bearing shoot group and small-sized fruit bearing shoot group is:
To cultivating little crown or happy shape orchard; After the field planting of fruit tree seedling in 3～5 years; On the central authorities leader does, keep and cultivate 6～10 major branches, the angle that major branch and central authorities leader do is 85～90 degree, draws branch 150～180 to spend to the branch that sends on the major branch; On major branch, whenever cultivate a large-scale fruit bearing shoot group, between large-scale fruit bearing shoot group, cultivate small-sized fruit bearing shoot group and medium-sized fruit bearing shoot group at a distance from 40～60cm.
7. the cultivation of the fruit bearing shoot group of red fuji apple as claimed in claim 6 and renewal pruning method; It is characterized in that; Described every strain fruit tree is cultivated 30～40 of large-scale fruit bearing shoot groups; 60～80 of medium-sized fruit bearing shoot groups, 300～400 of small-sized fruit bearing shoot groups are cultivated 4～8 large-scale fruit bearing shoot groups on one of them major branch.
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| CN103202189B (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2015-01-07 | 唐宗福 | Full crown regenerating method of defected apple tree form |
| CN103355129A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-10-23 | 杨聚德 | Old trunk and shoot matching pruning method for invigorated apples |
| CN103355131B (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2014-07-16 | 吴建合 | Fruit tree pruning method capable of improving yield and quality of fruits |
| CN104186076B (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-06-08 | 刘镇 | A kind of method that microbial-bacterial fertilizer based on composite bacteria prevents and treats canker of apple fruit |
| CN105145224B (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2017-08-25 | 中农全保(北京)生态园林工程有限公司 | Fruit tree one leads how dry tree-like method of construction |
| CN105379600B (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-11-14 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所 | The method of the disconnected branch of Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing pomaceous fruit tree |
| CN107047205B (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2019-07-23 | 福建省连江乐鑫林业开发有限公司 | One kind promoting horse-tail lateral sprouting method |
| CN108684416A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-23 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | A kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of half bush type culture 4-5 major branches of apple |
| CN108849191A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-11-23 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of a variety of millet wood girdling rush bud method |
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| CN1732739A (en) * | 2005-06-10 | 2006-02-15 | 孙兰奇 | Optimized pruning technique for red Fuji apple tree |
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| US7328532B2 (en) * | 2004-10-14 | 2008-02-12 | Ezekiel Golan | Method and a kit for shaping a portion of a woody plant into a desired form |
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| CN1073573A (en) * | 1992-07-07 | 1993-06-30 | 牟平县果树实用技术研究所 | Apple quantitative mode pruning method |
| CN1732739A (en) * | 2005-06-10 | 2006-02-15 | 孙兰奇 | Optimized pruning technique for red Fuji apple tree |
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