CN104039857B - (1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物催化的涂料组合物 - Google Patents
(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物催化的涂料组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104039857B CN104039857B CN201380004972.1A CN201380004972A CN104039857B CN 104039857 B CN104039857 B CN 104039857B CN 201380004972 A CN201380004972 A CN 201380004972A CN 104039857 B CN104039857 B CN 104039857B
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- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
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- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- -1 poly- (methyl) acryl polyol Chemical class 0.000 claims description 39
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 26
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含含异氰酸酯基团的组分、含羟基的组分和(1‑甲基咪唑)双(2‑乙基己酸)锌配合物的涂料组合物,以及(1‑甲基咪唑)双(2‑乙基己酸)锌配合物在涂料组合物中作为氨基甲酸酯反应的催化剂体系的用途。
Description
本发明涉及包含含异氰酸酯基团的组分、含羟基的组分和(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物的涂料组合物,以及(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物在涂料组合物中作为氨基甲酸酯反应的催化剂体系的用途。
发现双组分聚氨酯体系广泛用作漆、泡沫、纤维和无孔模制品。如果交联配对即使在室温下也呈反应性,则聚合物通过混合并随后使含异氰酸酯基团的组分与含羟基的组分反应而得到。此处异氰酸酯基团与羟基的反应通常通过加入碱性化合物如叔胺或包含脒基团的化合物催化。这类化合物的实例为1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷或1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)。然而,有机金属化合物如二月桂酸二丁锡或各种锌羧酸盐具有显著更高的催化活性。确定所用催化剂的量一方面确保施涂面积足够长的加工寿命,另一方面在施涂以后尽可能早地获得对随后操作而言足够的性能特征。特别是对于汽车重涂,重要的是获得快装配强度。
由现有技术熟知的锡基催化剂如二月桂酸二丁锡、二月桂酸二辛锡、二乙酸二丁锡、马来酸二丁锡或四丁锡氧烷二乙酸盐(tetrabutylstannoxane diacetate)是用于形成氨基甲酸酯键的有效催化剂,但这些化合物是有毒的。由于许多锡化合物的毒性,长期以来已尝试寻找适于涂料组合物的替代催化剂。
因此,来自King Industries Inc.的Werner J.Blank,Z.A.He和Ed.T.Hessell的文章“Catalysis of the Isocyanate-Hydroxyl Reaction by Non-Tin Catalysts”描述了常规含锡催化剂的替选物,所述替代物基于各种金属盐和金属配合物如锆螯合物、铝螯合物和羧酸铋。
WO2009/135600描述了用于合成聚氨酯的基于N-杂环卡宾的催化剂。EP 1 460094描述了基于金属盐连同二环叔胺化合物和季铵盐的催化剂。US4,006,124描述了通常的脒-金属配合物作为异氰酸酯加聚反应的催化剂。WO2004/029121公开了具有2.8-4.5的pKa的酸作为氨基甲酸酯反应的催化剂的用途。所有这些催化剂共同的失败是它们导致涂料体系过慢的固化或者缩减的工作时间(贮存期)。此外,上述的大量催化剂导致涂料变色或者施涂的涂层随后泛黄。这类化合物不适于高品级透明涂料体系。另外,上述出版物还描述了含镉和铅的催化剂,由于它们的毒性,其不在作为锡基催化剂的替选物的讨论中。上述出版物中描述的铋或锆基催化剂对水解敏感,因此应仅在固化剂中稀释。此外,由于对水解的敏感性,基于铋和锆催化剂的涂料体系具有短贮藏期限。
如上文已经描述的,胺也可对聚氨酯反应具有催化活性。然而,它们的贮存期对在汽车重涂段中的加工而言是不足的。由于具有低分子量的胺的高蒸气压,如果有的话,预期用于该应用的仅有的胺为诸如二氮杂二环十一碳烯(DBU)或二氮杂二环壬烯(DBN)的那些。但是,这些胺的使用导致强着色混合物,且所得催化的涂料体系具有不能接受地泛黄的倾向。
US2006/0036007公开了有机金属配合物作为用于聚氨酯基体系交联的催化剂。该文中特别描述了锌的脒化合物用于催化含羟基的组分与含异氰酸酯基团的组分的反应。据说这些催化剂被吸附到热解法二氧化硅上。在2006/0247341和US2009/0011124中,脒-锌配合物也作为催化剂用于双组分聚氨酯涂料体系中。据说这些催化剂对水解特别稳定,还适用于含水体系中。然而,这三个文件中公开的催化剂体系不具有足够的固化性能。这些体系与锡催化体系的反应性对比显示对于给定的加工期限,这些锌-脒基催化剂具有更差的固化性能。
本发明的目的是提供具有合适催化剂的涂料体系,其不仅显示出体系的快速固化,而且显示出长加工寿命。此外,该涂料体系赋予使用者快速地进一步加工涂有该体系的表面/制品的可能性。此外,这些体系在固化以前或以后不显示出任何色彩变化。特别是在汽车工业中的透明涂层领域中,对该体系的固有色彩的要求是严格的。因此,催化剂必须不具有固有色彩,当将涂料混合或固化时,它必须与常规涂料组分一起不导致任何变色。此外,催化剂应能够从开始时加入涂料体系中。然而,从开始时将催化剂混入涂料体系中对涂料组合物的贮藏寿命不具有任何不利的影响。另外,催化剂应对水解不敏感,因为即使在有机溶液中的体系中,羟基的典型高浓度可导致在储存期限期间催化剂活性的降低。尤其是在汽车重涂段中,即使在相对高温下的极长贮藏寿命是有利的。
令人惊讶地发现,本发明的目的通过包含如下组分的涂料组合物实现:
-至少一种含多羟基的组分(A),
-至少一种含多异氰酸酯基团的组分(B),
-至少一种具有通式[Zn(1-甲基咪唑)n(2-乙基己酸根)2]的(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物(D),其中n≥1至≤2,优选n=1或2,和
-至少一种单体芳族羧酸(S),其中羧基与π电子体系共轭。
由于在特征是至少一种含多异氰酸酯基团的组分和至少一种含多羟基的组分的涂料中使用包含至少一种(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物(D)和至少一种其中羧基与π电子体系共轭的单体芳族羧酸(S)的催化剂体系,相应涂料体系显示出优异的固化性能、早期操作能力和延长的加工寿命,此外,这些催化剂体系对水解不敏感,且不导致涂料体系的任何变色或泛黄。
详述
本发明涉及包含如下组分的涂料组合物:
-至少一种含多羟基的组分(A),
-至少一种含多异氰酸酯基团的组分(B)
-至少一种具有通式[Zn(1-甲基咪唑)n(2-乙基己酸根)2]的(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物(D),其中n≥1至≤2,优选n=1或2,和
-至少一种单体芳族羧酸(S),其中羧基与π电子体系共轭。
作为至少一种含多羟基的组分(A),可使用技术人员已知的具有至少两个羟基每分子且为低聚和/或聚合的所有化合物。
优选的低聚和/或聚合多元醇(A)具有通过凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)相对于聚苯乙烯标准测量的>500道尔顿,优选800-100 000道尔顿,更特别是1000-50 000道尔顿的质均分子量Mw。
特别优选聚酯多元醇、聚氨酯多元醇、聚硅氧烷多元醇、聚丙烯酸酯多元醇和/或聚甲基丙烯酸酯多元醇,以及它们的共聚物。
多元醇优选具有30-400mg KOH/g,更特别是100-300mg KOH/g的OH值。羟基值(OH值)表示相当于在乙酰化时1g物质结合的乙酸的量的氢氧化钾mg数。
多元醇的玻璃化转变温度通过DSC测量法根据DIN-EN-ISO11357-2测量,优选为-150至100℃,更优选-120至80℃。
合适的聚酯多元醇描述于例如EP-A-0 994 117和EP-A-1 273 640中。聚氨酯多元醇优选通过聚酯多元醇预聚物与合适的二-或多异氰酸酯反应而制备,并描述于例如EP-A-1 273 640中。合适的聚硅氧烷多元醇描述于例如WO-A-01/09260中,且其中引用的聚硅氧烷多元醇可优选与其它多元醇,更特别是具有相对高玻璃化转变温度的那些组合使用。
根据本发明尤其优选的聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯多元醇通常为共聚物且优选具有1000-20 000道尔顿,更优选1500-10 000道尔顿的质均分子量Mw,每种情况下通过凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)相对于聚苯乙烯标准测量。
共聚物的玻璃化转变温度通常为-100至100℃,更特别是-50至80℃(通过DSC测量法根据DIN-EN-ISO11357-2测定)。
聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯多元醇优选具有60-250mg KOH/g,更特别是70-200KOH/g的OH值,以及0-30mg KOH/g的酸值。
所用的含羟基的单体结构单元优选为丙烯酸羟基烷基酯和/或甲基丙烯酸羟基烷基酯,例如更特别是丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、丙烯酸2-羟基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基丙酯、丙烯酸3-羟基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸3-羟基丙酯、丙烯酸3-羟基丁酯和甲基丙烯酸3-羟基丁酯,以及特别是丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯和/或甲基丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯。
作为聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯多元醇的其它单体结构单元,优选使用丙烯酸烷基酯和/或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯,例如优选丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸异丙酯、甲基丙烯酸异丙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸戊酯、甲基丙烯酸戊酯、丙烯酸己酯、甲基丙烯酸己酯、丙烯酸乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸乙基己酯、丙烯酸3,3,5-三甲基己酯、甲基丙烯酸3,3,5-三甲基己酯、丙烯酸硬脂基酯、甲基丙烯酸硬脂基酯、丙烯酸月桂基酯或甲基丙烯酸月桂基酯,丙烯酸环烷基酯和/或甲基丙烯酸环烷基酯,例如丙烯酸环戊酯、甲基丙烯酸环戊酯、丙烯酸异冰片酯、甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯,或者特别是丙烯酸环己酯和/或甲基丙烯酸环己酯。
作为聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯多元醇的其它单体结构单元,可使用乙烯基芳烃,例如乙烯基甲苯、α-甲基苯乙烯,或者特别是苯乙烯,丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸酰胺或腈,乙烯基酯或乙烯基醚,以及次要量的特别是丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸。
优选使用聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯多元醇和/或聚酯树脂,更优选聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯多元醇作为含多羟基的组分(A)。
常规取代或未取代的芳族、脂族、脂环族和/或杂环多异氰酸酯适合作为至少一种含多异氰酸酯基团的组分(B)。优选的多异氰酸酯的实例如下:2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷4,4’-二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷2,4’-二异氰酸酯、对苯二异氰酸酯、联苯二异氰酸酯、3,3’-二甲基-4,4’-联苯二异氰酸酯、四亚甲基1,4-二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基1,6-二异氰酸酯、2,2,4-三甲基己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、亚乙基二异氰酸酯、1,12-十二烷二异氰酸酯、环丁烷1,3-二异氰酸酯、环己烷1,3-二异氰酸酯、环己烷1,4-二异氰酸酯、甲基环己基二异氰酸酯、六氢甲苯2,4-二异氰酸酯、六氢甲苯2,6-二异氰酸酯、六氢苯1,3-二异氰酸酯、六氢苯1,4-二异氰酸酯、全氢化二苯基甲烷2,4’-二异氰酸酯、4,4’-亚甲基二环己基二异氰酸酯(例如来自Bayer AG的W)、四甲基二甲苯基二异氰酸酯(例如来自American Cyanamid的)和上述多异氰酸酯的混合物。优选的多异氰酸酯还有上述二异氰酸酯的缩二脲二聚物和异氰脲酸酯三聚物。特别优选的多异氰酸酯(B)为六亚甲基1,6-二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和4,4’-亚甲基二环己基二异氰酸酯、它们的缩二脲二聚物和/或它们的异氰脲酸酯三聚物和/或它们的不对称三聚物,例如可以以名称XP2410市购的不对称HDI三聚物。
然而,此外也可使用上述有机脂族、脂环族、芳族或杂环多异氰酸酯的具有碳二亚胺、脲酮亚胺(uretonimine)、脲二酮(uretdione)、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲和/或异氰脲酸酯结构的常规衍生物,以及通过使多异氰酸酯与具有对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的氢的化合物反应而得到的预聚物。
含多异氰酸酯基团的组分(B)可存在于合适的溶剂中。合适的溶剂为容许多异氰酸酯组分的充分溶解性且不含对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的那些。这类溶剂的实例为丙酮、甲乙酮、环己酮、甲基异丁基酮、甲基异戊基酮、二异丁基酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙二醇二乙酸酯、丁内酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸亚丙酯、碳酸亚乙酯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N-乙基吡咯烷酮、甲缩醛、丁缩醛、1,3-二氧戊环、甘油缩甲醛、苯、甲苯、正己烷、环己烷、溶剂石脑油、乙酸2-甲氧基丙酯(MPA)和乙氧基丙酸乙酯。
如果合适的话且除含多羟基的组分(A)外,本发明涂料可进一步包含一种或多种不同于组分(A)的含羟基的化合物(C)。这些化合物(C)优选占1-20%,更优选1-10%,非常优选1-5重量%的含量,每种情况下基于涂料的基料含量。
低分子量多元醇用作含羟基的化合物(C)。
所用低分子量多元醇例如为二元醇,例如优选乙二醇、新戊二醇、1,2-丙二醇、2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇和1,2-环己烷二甲醇,以及多元醇,例如优选三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基己烷、1,2,4-丁三醇、季戊四醇和二季戊四醇。
含多羟基的组分(A)可以存在于合适的溶剂中。合适的溶剂为容许多羟基组分的充分溶解性的那些。这类溶剂的实例为丙酮、甲乙酮、环己酮、甲基异丁基酮、甲基异戊基酮、二异丁基酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙二醇二乙酸酯、丁内酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸亚丙酯、碳酸亚乙酯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N-乙基吡咯烷酮、甲缩醛、乙缩醛、丁缩醛、1,3-二氧戊环、甘油缩甲醛、苯、甲苯、正己烷、环己烷、溶剂石脑油、乙酸2-甲氧基丙酯(MPA)和乙氧基丙酸乙酯,及其混合物。此外,溶剂也可带有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团。这类反应性溶剂的实例为具有就对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团而言至少1.8的平均官能度的那些。在本说明书中,适用作反应性稀释剂的溶剂与含多羟基的组分(A)和(C)不同。适用作反应性稀释剂的溶剂为单体,并且可以为例如低分子量二胺(例如乙二胺)。
至少一种(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物(D)为锌(II)与配体1-甲基咪唑和2-乙基己酸根的配合物,其具有通式[Zn(1-甲基咪唑)n(2-乙基己酸根)2],其中n≥1至≤2,优选n=1或2。
对本发明而言必要的是涂料组合物包含至少一种单体芳族、未取代或取代羧酸(S),其羧基与π电子体系共轭。羧基的数目可变化,其中羧酸优选具有一个羧基。单体芳族、未取代或取代羧酸(S)优选具有<500g/mol,更优选<300g/mol的分子量。优选使用具有2-5的pKa的单体芳族、未取代或取代羧酸(S)。pKa相当于半当量点时的pH,溶解介质优选为水。如果对酸而言不能引用在水中的pKa,则所选择的介质优选为DMSO或者酸可溶于其中的其它合适介质。
合适的酸为单体芳族单羧酸和多元羧酸、相应的烷基-和芳基取代的芳族单羧酸和多元羧酸,以及相应的含羟基芳族单羧酸和多元羧酸,例如邻苯二甲酸和对苯二甲酸、烷基-和/或芳基取代的邻苯二甲酸和对苯二甲酸、苯甲酸和烷基-和/或芳基取代的苯甲酸,具有其它官能团的芳族羧酸,例如水杨酸和乙酰基水杨酸、烷基-和/或芳基取代的水杨酸或其异构体、多环芳族羧酸如萘羧酸的异构体,及其衍生物。
涂料优选包含苯甲酸、叔丁基苯甲酸、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸、水杨酸和/或乙酰基水杨酸,更优选苯甲酸作为单体芳族羧酸(S)。
如果涂料为单组分材料,则所选择的含多异氰酸酯基团的化合物(B)为其游离异氰酸酯基团被封端剂封住的那些。异氰酸酯基团可例如被取代的吡唑,特别是烷基取代的吡唑如3-甲基吡唑、3,5-二甲基吡唑、4-硝基-3,5-二甲基吡唑、4-溴-3,5-二甲基吡唑等封住。特别优选组分(B)的异氰酸酯基团被3,5-二甲基吡唑封住。
根据本发明特别优选的双组分(2-K)涂料要求在施涂涂料以前不久将包含含多羟基的化合物(A)以及下文所述其它组分的涂料组分与包含含多异氰酸酯基团的化合物(B)以及如果需要的话下文所述其它组分的另一涂料组分混合,该混合以常规方式进行;一般而言,包含化合物(A)的涂料组分包含(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物(D)以及存在的任何溶剂部分。
优选选择含多羟基的组分(A)和任选的(C)以及含多异氰酸酯基团的组分(B)的重量含量使得含多羟基的化合物(A)加上任选的(C)的羟基与组分(B)的异氰酸酯基团的摩尔当量比为1:0.9-1:1.5,优选1:0.9-1:1.1,更优选1:0.95-1:1.05。
根据本发明优选使用包含30-80%,优选50-70重量%的至少一种含多羟基的组分(A),优选至少一种含多羟基的聚丙烯酸酯(A)和/或至少一种含多羟基的聚甲基丙烯酸酯(A),所述百分数每种情况下基于涂料的基料含量。
根据本发明还优选使用包含5-50%,优选25-40重量%的含多异氰酸酯基团的组分(B),所述百分数每种情况下基于涂料的基料含量。
本发明涂料优选进一步包含一定量的至少一种(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物(D),所述量使得(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物的金属含量每种情况下基于涂料的基料含量为35-2000ppm,优选35-1000ppm,更优选100-1000ppm。
本发明涂料优选进一步包含0.2-15.0%,优选0.5-8.0%,更优选0.5-5.0重量%的至少一种单体芳族羧酸(S),重量百分数每种情况下基于涂料的基料含量。
特别优选涂料组合物为双组分体系,其中至少一种含多异氰酸酯基团的组分(B)与至少一种含多羟基的组分(A)分开地储存,且这些组分直至在加工以前不久相互混合。
在双组分体系的情况下,(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物(D)和单体芳族羧酸(S)可包含在两种组分中,但优选仅一种组分包含所述物质中的一种,优选单体芳族羧酸(S)和(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物(D)都在多元醇组分的溶液中。
此外,1-甲基咪唑也可以为在多元醇组分的溶液中,且双(2-乙基己酸)锌组分在多异氰酸酯组分中。在该情况下,活性(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物(D)仅在将多异氰酸酯组分和多元醇组分混合以后就地形成。
涂料优选为非水涂料。该涂料可包含溶剂或者配制成无溶剂体系。合适溶剂的实例为对含多羟基的组分(A)和任选的(C)和含多异氰酸酯基团的化合物(B)已列举的溶剂。一种或多种溶剂优选以这样的量用于本发明涂料中,所述量使得涂料的固体含量为至少50%,更优选至少60重量%。
本发明涂料可额外包含每种情况下基于涂料的基料含量为0-30%,优选0-15重量%的一种或多种氨基树脂和/或一种或多种三(烷氧羰基氨基)三嗪(E)。
合适的三(烷氧羰基氨基)三嗪的实例在US-A-4 939 213、US-A-5 084 541和EP-A-0 624 577中给出。
合适的氨基树脂(E)的实例为常用于涂料工业领域中的所有氨基树脂,所得涂料组合物的性能可借助氨基树脂的反应性控制。该类树脂为醛,更优选甲醛,和例如脲、三聚氰胺、胍胺和苯胍胺的缩合产物。氨基树脂包含醇基团,优选羟甲基,其中一些或者优选所有被醇醚化。特别使用用低级醇醚化的氨基树脂。优选使用用甲醇和/或乙醇和/或丁醇醚化的氨基树脂,实例为可以以名称和市售的产品。
氨基树脂(E)为长期被认可的化合物,详细描述于例如美国专利申请US2005/0182189A1,第1页第[0014]段至第4页第[0028]段中。
本发明基料混合物和/或本发明涂料可进一步包含有效量,即每种情况下基于涂料的基料含量优选为至多30%,更优选至多25%,更特别是至多20重量%的量的至少一种常规且已知的涂料添加剂(F)。
合适涂料添加剂(F)的实例如下:
-尤其是UV吸收剂;
-尤其是光稳定剂,例如HALS化合物、苯并***或N,N’-二苯基乙二酰胺;
-自由基清除剂;
-润滑添加剂;
-聚合抑制剂;
-消泡剂;
-不同于组分(A)和(C)的反应性稀释剂,更特别是仅通过与其它成分和/或水反应而变成反应性的反应性稀释剂,例如Incozol或天冬氨酸酯;
-不同于组分(A)和(C)的润湿剂,例如硅氧烷、含氟化合物、羧酸单酯、磷酸酯、聚丙烯酸和它们的共聚物,或聚氨酯;
-增粘剂;
-流动控制剂;
-成膜助剂,例如纤维素衍生物;
-填料,例如基于二氧化硅、氧化铝或氧化锆的纳米颗粒;关于其它细节,参考Lexikon“Lacke und Druckfarben”,Georg Thieme Verlag,Stuttgart,1998,第250-252页;
-不同于组分(A)和(C)的流变控制添加剂,例如由专利WO94/22968、EP-A-0 276501、EP-A-0 249 201或WO97/12945已知的添加剂;EP-A-0 008 127中公开的类型的交联聚合物微粒;无机层状硅酸盐,例如硅酸铝镁、蒙脱石类型的钠镁和钠镁氟锂层状硅酸盐;二氧化硅,例如或者具有离子和/或缔合基团的合成聚合物,例如聚(甲基)丙烯酰胺、聚(甲基)丙烯酸、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、苯乙烯-马来酸酐或乙烯马来酸酐共聚物和它们的衍生物,或者疏水改性乙氧基化聚氨酯或聚丙烯酸酯;
-阻燃剂。
特别优选包含如下组分的涂料:
基于涂料的基料含量为50-70重量%的至少一种含多羟基的聚丙烯酸酯(A)和/或至少一种含多羟基的聚甲基丙烯酸酯(A),
基于涂料的基料含量为25-40重量%的含多异氰酸酯基团的化合物(B),
基于涂料的基料含量为0-10重量%的含羟基的组分(C),
基于涂料的基料含量为0.5-5.0重量%的至少一种单体芳族羧酸(S),
基于涂料的基料含量为0-15重量%的一种或多种氨基树脂和/或一种或多种三(烷氧羰基氨基)三嗪(E),和
基于涂料的基料含量为0-20重量%的至少一种常规且已知的涂料添加剂(F),和
包含一定量的至少一种(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物(D),所述量使得(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物的金属含量每种情况下基于涂料的基料含量为100-1000ppm。
在本发明另一实施方案中,本发明基料混合物或涂料可进一步包含其它颜料和/或填料,并可用于制备着色顶涂层和/或着色底涂层,或者头二道混合底漆(primersurfacers),更特别是着色顶涂层。用于这些目的的颜料和/或填料是技术人员已知的。颜料通常以使得颜料:基料比为0.05:1-1.5:1的量使用,每种情况下基于涂料的基料含量。
本发明进一步提供包含至少一种(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物(D)和至少一种其中羧基与π电子体系共轭的单体芳族羧酸(S)的催化剂体系在包含至少一种含多异氰酸酯基团的组分和至少一种含多羟基的组分的涂料组合物中催化氨基甲酸酯反应的用途。催化剂体系由于至少一种(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物(D)和至少一种其中羧基与π电子体系共轭的单体芳族羧酸(S)的组合使用而值得注意。催化反应优选在20-60℃进行。涂料组合物优选包含上述至少一种含多羟基的组分(A)和至少一种含多异氰酸酯基团的组分(B)。
本发明涂料可通过所有常规施涂方法,例如喷涂、刀涂、铺展、倾注、浸涂、浸渍、滴流或辊涂而施涂。在这类施涂过程中,待涂覆基底本身可以为静止的,施涂设备或***移动。或者,待涂覆基底,更特别是带卷材,可以是移动的,施涂***相对于基底而言是静止的或者适当地移动。
优选使用喷涂方法,例如压缩空气喷涂、无空气喷涂、高速旋转、静电喷涂(ESTA),其单独或与热喷涂如热空气喷涂联合使用。
由于由本发明涂料制备的本发明涂层还出色地粘合在已固化的电涂层涂饰层、二道底漆(surfacer)涂饰层、底涂层涂饰层或常规且已知的透明涂层涂饰层上,它们不仅非常适用于汽车OEM(生产线)涂饰,而且适用于汽车重涂和/或涂覆安装在汽车内或汽车上的部件和/或涂覆多用途车。
本发明施涂的涂料可在特定搁置时间以后固化。搁置时间例如用于涂膜的流平和去挥发或者用于挥发性组分如溶剂的蒸发。搁置时间可通过使用升高的温度和/或降低的大气湿度而辅助和/或缩短,条件是这不会伴有对涂膜的任何损害或者涂膜的变化,例如过早完全交联。
对涂料热固化而言,没有特别要求;该固化是根据常规且已知的方法进行,例如在强制通风烘箱中加热或用IR灯照射。热固化在此处还可分阶段地进行。另一优选的固化方法是使用近红外(NIR)辐射。
热固化有利地在20-200℃进行1分钟至10小时,但也可在低温下使用更长的固化时间。对于汽车重涂和塑料部件的上漆以及多用途车的涂饰,通常使用相对低的温度,优选20-80℃,更优选20-60℃。
本发明涂料作为粉状、溶剂基、无溶剂和含水涂料适于任何种类的涂层,例如电泳涂料、带卷涂料、电缆瓷漆和汽车罩面漆。涂料优选作为其中由于技术性质或经济原因不能在高温下干燥涂层的任何种类的制品上的高品级涂料使用。这些体系用于底漆涂层以及顶涂层体系中。这些顶涂层体系可以为着色的或者可用作未着色体系(=透明涂层)。特别优选本发明涂料组合物用于汽车重涂中,优选作为汽车顶涂层涂饰层(固体+CC)。
本发明涂料非常适用作运输工具(更特别是机动车如摩托车、公共汽车、卡车或汽车)的车体或其部件;大厦内部和外部;家具、窗户和门;塑料模制品,更特别是压缩盘和窗;小工业部件、带卷材、容器和包装;家用电器;膜;光学、电和机械组件;以及中空玻璃器具和日用品上的装饰、保护和/或效果涂层。
因此,本发明涂料可例如施涂于未涂覆或预涂覆的基底上,本发明涂料为着色或未着色的。本发明涂料和涂饰剂,特别是透明涂层涂饰剂更特别地用于技术和美学上特别需要的汽车OEM涂饰领域中,以及用于涂覆安装在汽车车体中或上的塑料部件,更特别是顶级汽车车体,例如用于生产车顶、后档板、发动机罩、防护板、保险杆、扰流器、梁、防护待、侧装饰板等,以及用于汽车重涂和涂饰多用途车,例如卡车、链传动的施工车辆如起重车、轮式装载机和混凝土搅拌机、公共汽车、轨道车辆、水运工具、飞机,以及农业设备如拖拉机和联合收割机及其部件。
塑料部件通常由ASA(丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯)、聚碳酸酯、ASA与聚碳酸酯的共混物、聚丙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯或抗冲改性聚甲基丙烯酸酯,更特别是ASA与聚碳酸酯的共混物,其优选以>40%,更特别是>50%的聚碳酸酯含量使用。
ASA通常指抗冲改性苯乙烯-丙烯腈聚合物,其中特别是苯乙烯与丙烯腈的共聚物基体中的聚丙烯酸烷基酯橡胶上存在乙烯基芳族化合物(更特别是苯乙烯)和乙烯基氰化物(更特别是丙烯腈)的接枝共聚物。
特别优选本发明涂料用于多阶段涂覆方法中,更特别是包括向未涂覆或预涂覆基底上首先施涂着色底涂层膜,其后用本发明涂料施涂涂层的方法。因此,本发明还提供多涂层效果和/或色彩涂层体系,其包含至少一层着色底涂层膜和置于其上的至少一层透明涂层膜,这类体系的特征优选是由本发明涂料制备的透明涂层膜。
不仅可使用水稀释性底涂料,而且可使用基于有机溶剂的底涂料。合适的底涂料描述于例如EP-A-0 692 007和其中第3栏第50行及随后引用的文献中。优选首先将施涂的底涂料干燥,这意指在蒸发阶段中,至少一部分有机溶剂和/或水从底涂层膜中除去。干燥优选在室温至80℃的温度下进行。在进行干燥以后,施涂本发明涂料。然后优选将该两道涂饰在汽车OEM涂饰中所用条件下在20-200℃的温度下焙烤1分钟至10小时,但在用于汽车重涂的温度,通常20-80℃,更特别是20-60℃的情况下,可使用更长的固化时间。
在本发明另一优选实施方案中,本发明涂料用作涂覆塑料基底,更特别是安装在其它制品中或上的塑料部件的透明涂层。这些塑料部件优选也在多阶段涂覆方法中涂覆,其包括首先向未涂覆或预涂覆基底或者已预处理(例如通过基底的燃烧、电晕处理或等离子体处理)以改进随后涂层的附着力的基底上施涂着色底涂层膜,其后用本发明涂料施涂涂层。
本发明进一步涉及由本发明涂料组合物制得或者组合使用包含至少一种(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物(D)和至少一种其中羧基与π电子体系共轭的芳族羧酸(S)的催化剂体系制得的涂料。这些涂料优选应用于汽车领域中。该涂料也可用于制备多涂层漆体系。因此,本发明进一步描述包含至少一层本发明涂层的多涂层体系。多涂层体系优选为汽车涂饰。
通过参考以下实施例说明本发明。
实施例
凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)
凝胶渗透色谱法在40℃使用高压液相色谱泵和折射率检测器进行。所用洗脱液为四氢呋喃,洗脱速率为1ml/min。借助聚苯乙烯标准进行校准。确定数均分子量Mn、重均分子量Mw,和Mp,其中多分散指数Mp由Mp=Mw/Mn计算。
羟基值/酸值:
羟基值借助所用OH官能组分的含量计算,并以mg KOH/g树脂固体表示。羟基值(OH值)表示相当于乙酰化时1g物质结合的乙酸的量的氢氧化钾的mg数。
此处酸值表示在中和1g相应化合物中消耗的氢氧化钾的mg数(DINEN ISO2114)。该分析用氢氧化钾乙醇溶液进行。为检测未反应的酐的量,用氢氧化钾水溶液进行另一对比滴定。通过该程序,可在含水条件下检测未反应的酐,酐的两个酸基团均可被发现。
固体测定
将约1g试样称入锡钢皮盖中。在加入约3ml乙酸丁酯以后,将试样在干燥箱中在130℃干燥60分钟,在干燥器中冷却,然后再次称重。残余物相当于固体部分。
基料含量测定
基料级分每种情况下意指在交联以前可溶于四氢呋喃(THF)中的涂料组合物部分。对于它的测定,称出小试样(P),溶于50-100倍量的THF中,通过过滤除去不溶性组分,将THF蒸发掉,然后如下确定先前溶于THF中的组分固体:在130℃干燥60分钟,在干燥器中冷却,然后重复称重。残余物相当于试样(P)的基料含量。
通过Zapon粘性试验(ZTT)测试抗粘性(freedom fromt tack):
将厚度为0.5mm、宽度为2.5cm且长度为11cm的铝条以110°角折弯以得到测量为2.5×2.5cm的表面。将金属板的长边在另一2.5cm后以约15°折弯,使得板恰好通过放在方形区域中心的砝码(5g)保持平衡。对于ZTT无粘性状态的测量,将弯板放在涂膜上并用100g砝码压30秒。在取下砝码以后,如果金属角度在5秒内翻转,则认为涂层是无粘性的。以15分钟间隔重复该试验。在进行试验以前,通过触摸定性地评估涂膜的粘性。在高温下试验的情况下,在开始试验以前将试验板储存在室温下10分钟以冷却。
印迹试验:
使用100μm涂布器将涂膜刮涂在玻璃板上。在60℃干燥30分钟以后,在从烘箱中取出以后10分钟内,将玻璃板放在商业实验室天平上。使用拇指压力,然后对膜施以2kg重量20秒。每10分钟重复该试验。在明显仍软或粘性的涂膜的情况下,首先保持涂膜直至它达到充分不粘和足够的硬度。在24小时储存时间以后评估该试验。对于评估,将涂层表面用表面活性剂水溶液(商业洗涤剂)和软布洗涤以除去油斑。如果涂膜上不存在可见的拇指印,则认为涂层是令人满意的。该试验是重涂的组装强度的度量,在强制干燥以后涂膜获得其组装强度越早,在重涂车体上的组装操作(或者除去粘合掩膜的拆除操作)可越早开始。
干燥记录仪:
使用100μm涂布器将涂层刮涂在尺寸为280mm×25mm的玻璃板上。借助Byk干燥时间记录仪,将针以指定速度划在膜上。评估三个不同阶段以及痕迹的总长度(即阶段1+阶段2+阶段3之和)。
阶段1:针痕迹再次闭合
阶段2:针痕迹在涂膜中产生深沟
阶段3:针仅导致对膜的表面损害
评估总是相对于标准进行。
漆浆(Millbase):
将86.4g含苯乙烯的聚丙烯酸酯(62%,在溶剂石脑油/EEP/MIBK(20/46/34)中)与6.4g甲基异丁基酮、2.2g的由UV和HALS光稳定剂组成的市售光稳定剂混合物以及0.15g的基于聚丙烯酸酯的市售流动控制剂一起搅拌形成均匀混合物,所述含苯乙烯的聚丙烯酸酯的分子量为1600-2200(Mn)和4000-5000(Mw)、酸值为12-16mg KOH/g、OH值(OHN)为约130mgKOH/g(树脂固体)、60%浓度乙酸丁酯溶液的粘度为200-400mPa.s,粘度使用旋转式粘度计(Brookfield CAP2000,心轴3,1000rpm)测量。在指明处,向该混合物中加入相应的催化剂,所述催化剂随着搅拌混入。当使用苯甲酸时,它随着搅拌作为固体溶于漆浆混合物中。对于粘度的调整,加入另一1.0份甲基异丁基酮和2.80份乙酸丁酯。
固化剂溶液:
在6.38份二甲苯、9.238份乙酸丁酯、1.86份乙氧基丙酸乙酯、8.68份甲基异丁基酮和0.310份的基于聚丙烯酸酯(55%,在溶剂石脑油中)的市售流动控制剂的混合物中,将34.70g的包含异氰脲酸酯基团的三聚六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)溶解,所述三聚六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯含量基于无溶剂三聚六亚甲基二异氰酸酯为22.0%。
催化剂
催化剂溶液K1:
将16.22g双(2-乙基己酸)锌(II)溶于5g乙酸丁酯中。缓慢地逐滴加入3.78g1-甲基咪唑。在放热反应平息以后,继续在60℃再搅拌30分钟。这得到具有11.7%锌含量的粘性黄色溶液。
催化剂溶液K2:
将13.64g双(2-乙基己酸)锌(II)溶于5g乙酸丁酯中。缓慢地逐滴加入6.36g1-甲基咪唑。在放热反应平息以后,继续在60℃再搅拌30分钟。这得到具有9.6%锌含量的粘性黄色溶液。
邻苯二甲酸半酯(P)的合成:
将163g邻苯二甲酸酐和86,12g丁醇在装配有搅拌器和回流柱的三颈玻璃烧瓶中在氮气气氛下加热至80℃。在8小时反应时间以后,滤出白色沉淀物。根据IR分析,所得清澈溶液包含邻苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸半酯和二酯。检测混合物的酸值为510mg KOH/g。
实验程序:
将其它组分如苯甲酸和催化剂溶液溶于漆浆中。在温和搅拌以后,得到清澈溶液。对于实验的实施,引入漆浆并加入固化剂。通过搅拌使溶液均匀。对于粘度测量,通过加入溶剂调整至所述粘度。对于玻璃刮涂,不进行粘度调整。对于干燥实验,使用100μm四通棒涂布器将涂膜刮涂在玻璃板上以产生30-35μm的膜厚度。对于摆杆硬度的测试,将膜倒在玻璃板上,并在确定Koenig膜硬度以前,以划线标记(score mark)测得施涂膜的厚度(DIN50933)。对于使用干燥记录仪的试验,也使用100μm四通棒涂布器将试样刮涂在长度为约280mm且宽度为约25mm的合适玻璃条上;由此实现的膜厚度为30-35μm。
试验结果:
催化剂K1
结果
催化剂K2
结果
在实验中,显然通过上述(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物与苯甲酸的组合,组装强度可比不使用苯甲酸相比明显更早地实现。此外,还明显的是,通过改变苯甲酸和锌催化剂的量,可使硬度最佳化,并实现非常好的组装强度和最佳的贮存期。此外还显示,邻苯二甲酸半酯混合物影响硬度。低摆杆硬度值是由丁醇的低含量导致的,另一方面,邻苯二甲酸的丁酯可在涂料体系中充当增塑剂。
Claims (27)
1.涂料组合物,其包含:
-至少一种含多羟基的组分(A),
-至少一种含多异氰酸酯基团的组分(B),
-至少一种具有通式[Zn(1-甲基咪唑)n(2-乙基己酸根)2]的(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物(D),其中n≥1至≤2,和
-至少一种单体芳族羧酸(S),其中羧基与π电子体系共轭。
2.根据权利要求1的涂料组合物,其中包含聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯多元醇和/或聚酯树脂作为至少一种含多羟基的组分(A)。
3.根据权利要求2的涂料组合物,其中包含聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯多元醇作为至少一种含多羟基的组分(A)。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的涂料组合物,其中涂料组合物包含1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯或4,4’-亚甲基二环己基二异氰酸酯、它们的缩二脲二聚物和/或它们的异氰脲酸酯三聚物和/或它们的不对称三聚物作为含多异氰酸酯基团的组分(B)。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的涂料组合物,其中所述至少一种单体芳族羧酸(S)包含苯甲酸、叔丁基苯甲酸、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸、水杨酸和/或乙酰水杨酸。
6.根据权利要求5的涂料组合物,其中所述至少一种单体芳族羧酸(S)包含苯甲酸。
7.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的涂料组合物,其中涂料组合物包含一定量的至少一种(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物(D),所述量使得(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物的金属含量每种情况下基于涂料的基料级分为35-2000ppm,和/或涂料包含0.2-15.0%的至少一种单体羧酸(S),其中重量百分数也各自基于涂料的基料级分。
8.根据权利要求7的涂料组合物,其中涂料组合物包含一定量的至少一种(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物(D),所述量使得(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物的金属含量每种情况下基于涂料的基料级分为35-1000ppm。
9.根据权利要求8的涂料组合物,其中涂料组合物包含一定量的至少一种(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物(D),所述量使得(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物的金属含量每种情况下基于涂料的基料级分为100-1000ppm。
10.根据权利要求7的涂料组合物,其中涂料包含0.5-8.0%的至少一种单体羧酸(S),其中重量百分数各自基于涂料的基料级分。
11.根据权利要求10的涂料组合物,其中涂料包含0.5-5.0重量%的至少一种单体羧酸(S),其中重量百分数各自基于涂料的基料级分。
12.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的涂料组合物,其中涂料组合物进一步包含一种或多种不同于组分(A)的含羟基的化合物(C),和/或其中含羟基的化合物(A)加上任选的(C)的羟基与组分(B)的异氰酸酯基团的摩尔当量比为1:0.9-1:1.5。
13.根据权利要求12的涂料组合物,其中含羟基的化合物(A)加上任选的(C)的羟基与组分(B)的异氰酸酯基团的摩尔当量比为1:0.9-1:1.1。
14.根据权利要求13的涂料组合物,其中含羟基的化合物(A)加上任选的(C)的羟基与组分(B)的异氰酸酯基团的摩尔当量比为1:0.95-1:1.05。
15.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的涂料组合物,其为非水涂料和/或包含颜料。
16.至少一种(1-甲基咪唑)双(2-乙基己酸)锌配合物(D)和至少一种其中羧基与π电子体系共轭的单体芳族羧酸(S)作为催化剂体系在涂料组合物中催化氨基甲酸酯反应中的用途,所述涂料组合物包含至少一种含多异氰酸酯基团的组分和至少一种含多羟基的组分。
17.根据权利要求16的催化剂体系的用途,其中涂料组合物包含至少一种含多羟基的组分(A)和至少一种含多异氰酸酯基团的组分(B)和/或催化在20-60℃进行。
18.涂覆方法,其包括制备如权利要求1-15中任一项所述的涂料组合物的涂层和/或使用如权利要求16或17所述的催化剂体系的涂层。
19.根据权利要求18的涂覆方法,其用于汽车领域中和/或用于多用途车领域中。
20.根据权利要求18的涂覆方法,其用于汽车重涂。
21.多阶段涂覆方法,其包括向未涂覆或预涂覆的基底上施涂着色底涂层膜,其后施涂如权利要求1-15中任一项所述的涂料组合物的涂层和/或使用如权利要求16或17所述的催化剂体系的涂层,或者包括向未涂覆或预涂覆的基底上施涂如权利要求1-15中任一项所述的涂料的着色或未着色涂层和/或使用如权利要求16或17所述的催化剂体系的着色或未着色涂层。
22.根据权利要求21的多阶段涂覆方法,其中在施涂着色底涂层膜以后,首先将施涂的底涂层在室温至80℃的温度下干燥,和在施涂如权利要求1-15中任一项所述的涂料以后和/或在施涂使用如权利要求16或17所述的催化剂体系的涂层以后,在20-80℃的温度下固化。
23.根据权利要求22的多阶段涂覆方法,其中在20-60℃的温度下固化。
24.根据权利要求1-15中任一项的涂料组合物作为透明涂层或者着色漆在汽车重涂中和/或在涂覆安装在汽车中或汽车上的部件和/或塑料基底,和/或多用途车中的用途。
25.根据权利要求21或22的方法在汽车重涂中和/或在涂覆塑料基底和/或多用途车中的应用。
26.涂层,其包含至少一层如权利要求1-15中任一项所述的涂料组合物的涂层和/或至少一层使用如权利要求16或17所述的催化剂体系制得的涂层。
27.根据权利要求26的涂层,其应用于汽车领域。
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PCT/EP2013/051350 WO2013110712A1 (en) | 2012-01-25 | 2013-01-24 | Zinc (1-methylimidazole)bis(2-ethylhexanoate) complex catalyzed coating material composition |
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BR112013022041B1 (pt) * | 2011-03-14 | 2020-04-28 | Basf Coatings Gmbh | composição de revestimento de material e seu uso, método para revestimento multicelular e seu uso, e uso de um complexo de zinco-amidina |
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EP2851379A1 (de) | 2013-09-23 | 2015-03-25 | BASF Coatings GmbH | Beschichtungsmittelzusammensetzungen und daraus hergestelllte, bei niedrigen Temperaturen härtbare Beschichtungen und sowie deren Verwendung |
EP2851403A1 (de) | 2013-09-23 | 2015-03-25 | BASF Coatings GmbH | Beschichtungsmittelzusammensetzungen und daraus hergestellte, bei niedrigen temperaturen härtbare beschichtungen und sowie deren verwendung |
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WO2017204345A1 (ja) | 2016-05-26 | 2017-11-30 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | ポリウレタン組成物 |
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