CN103994951B - The analogue means of environmental contaminants Transport And Transformation in underground water different water cut layer - Google Patents
The analogue means of environmental contaminants Transport And Transformation in underground water different water cut layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN103994951B CN103994951B CN201410169827.5A CN201410169827A CN103994951B CN 103994951 B CN103994951 B CN 103994951B CN 201410169827 A CN201410169827 A CN 201410169827A CN 103994951 B CN103994951 B CN 103994951B
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Abstract
An analogue means for environmental contaminants Transport And Transformation in underground water different water cut layer, comprises water-storing device, upstream head adjusting device, water-bearing layer analogue means, sample delivery device, takes out water injection well device and downstream head adjusting device. Advantage of the present invention is: this device can be simulated confined aquifer, the phreatic aquifer in zone of saturation, also can simulate capillary water zone etc. in zone of aeration; Can be according to the flexible and changeable character that water-bearing layer is set of the needs of simulated water-bearing layer character; By to seepage field, the monitoring of hydraulic pressure field, hydrochemical field, studies the Transport And Transformation rule of the novel environmental pollutants such as nano particle in aquifer by the mode of physical analogy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the research of environmental contaminants to underground water pollution, particularly a kind of environmental contaminants at underground water notThe analogue means transforming with Migration In Aquifer.
Background technology
In last century end, carbon and some metal oxide nano-materials be it is found that successively, and from then on the mankind have entered and receivedMeter Shi Dai. Along with a large amount of utilizations of nano material, such as the new material such as graphene oxide, fullerene nano particle is each what liveIndividual aspect has all obtained a large amount of application. Therefore large-scale production and application cause in its entered environment, especially when people are syntheticGo out the nano material after modification, it has good dispersive property thereby can penetrate surface soil layer and enters underground water containing water systemIn system, underground water is polluted. Nano material develops into the environmental contaminants that groundwater environment caused to potential threat gradually.
These class environmental contaminants are the pollutants that just occurred in recent years, and it is low at the content of occurring in nature, are not very generalTime. But along with the development of industrial or agricultural, the environmental pollution effect of these environmental contaminants will inevitably highlight. At present people to itUnderstand in the starting stage, so for its behavior in groundwater environment of systematic research, must consider in different containingThe impact of water condition, the different factor such as hydrochemical field, hydraulic pressure field. The present invention is in conjunction with the aspect of above-mentioned required consideration, energyEnough Transports that effectively discloses these class environmental contaminants.
The environmental contaminants such as nano particle are extremely urgent to the research of underground water pollution, and wherein these class environmental contaminants are on groundMigration and conversion rule in Xia Shui water-bearing layer is the prerequisite that solves underground water pollution problem. Indoor physical simulation research energyEnough control hydraulics and the water-bearing layer character of underground water aqueous system, as head height, porous media character, mobile phase are setThe variable such as water chemistry condition. Can simulate the migration of environmental contaminants in underground water different water cut layer under different conditionProcess, thus draw relevant conclusion.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for above-mentioned existing problems, provides a kind of environmental contaminants in underground water different water cut layerThe analogue means of Transport And Transformation, this device can be simulated the differences such as different aquifer seepage fields, groundwater chemical fieldExternal environmental condition, under research varying environment condition, the rule of pollutant Transport And Transformation.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
An analogue means for environmental contaminants Transport And Transformation in underground water different water cut layer, comprise water-storing device, onSwimming an adjusting device, water-bearing layer analogue means, sample delivery device, take out water injection well device and downstream head adjusting device, holdWater device comprises suction pump and water tank, and suction pump import is connected with water tank by water pipe; Upstream head adjusting device, by storage boxForm with screw rod and be threaded connection, regulating the height of storage box by the rotation of screw rod, screw rod is supported in brandrethOn platform, in storage box, be provided with dividing plate and storage box is divided into front storage box and rear storage box, at the bottom of front storage box and rear storage boxPortion is respectively equipped with front delivery port, rear delivery port, and front delivery port is connected with water tank by silicone tube, rear delivery port by silicone tube withThe casing of water-bearing layer analogue means connects, and suction pump outlet is connected with rear storage box by water pipe; Water-bearing layer analogue means is bandThere is the lucite casing of top cover and be fixed on base, in casing, being vertically fixed with two porous that are coated with 200 order gauzesCasing is divided into upstream tank, seepage tank and downstream tank by poly (methyl methacrylate) plate, and upper water trench bottom is provided with water inlet, downstream waterTrench bottom is provided with delivery port, and wall box is provided with 35 thief holes and leads directly to by 35 thief holes that are provided with on sidewallCopper pipe is fixed, and is wherein longitudinally provided with the five row thief holes that spacing is identical, and every row are laterally provided with seven thief holes that spacing is identical, everyThe outer end of the straight-through copper pipe of individual thief hole is connected with copper pagoda and silicone tube, between the outer end of straight-through copper pipe and copper pagoda, is provided withThe fine and close gauze of 200 orders also utilizes silica gel pad sealing, and silicone tube is provided with tongs; On top cover of box, being fixed with seven pressure measurement visitsHead also connects and composes water pressure monitoring device by wire and hydraulic pressure monitor, and wherein two pressure measurement probes lay respectively at upstreamTank and downstream water slot part, five pressure measurement probes are not positioned at seepage tank part corresponding with five row thief holes respectively, downstream waterOn the outer wall of groove, be fixed with the straight-through copper pipe of four electrodes, pH electrode, conductance electrode, dissolved oxygen electrode and oxidation-reduction potential electrode divideChuan Guo not lead directly to copper pipe and utilize silica gel pad sealing, pH electrode, conductance electrode, dissolved oxygen electrode and oxidation-reduction potential electricity by electrodeThe utmost point connects and composes hydrochemical field monitoring device by wire and monitoring form respectively; Sample delivery device comprises syringe pump, injectionDevice, straight-through valve and porous ceramics head, syringe pump is connected with syringe, and straight-through valve is located at the outlet of syringe and is passed through tetrafluoro secondAlkene pipe, lucite tube and silicone tube are connected with porous ceramics head, and wherein silicone tube and porous ceramics head stretch into water-bearing layer simulationIn the casing of device; Take out water injection well device and comprise and take out water injecting pump with Simulated Water well casing and be connected by pipeline, Simulated Water well casing hangs downDirectly be located in the casing of water-bearing layer analogue means, the uniform water seepage hole of Simulated Water well casing tube wall, by adjusting with adhesive tape shutoff water seepage holeThe thickness of joint well permeable layer; Downstream head adjusting device and upstream head adjusting device structure are basic identical, but dividing plate both sidesStorage box bottom is respectively equipped with water transport port and discharge outlet, and wherein the water transport port of storage box is by silicone tube and water-bearing layer analogue meansBottom half delivery port connect.
Advantage of the present invention is: this device can be simulated confined aquifer, the phreatic aquifer in zone of saturation, also canCapillary water zone etc. in the simulation package band of gas; Can be according to the flexible and changeable property that water-bearing layer is set of the needs of simulated water-bearing layer characterMatter; By to seepage field, the monitoring of hydraulic pressure field, hydrochemical field, discloses the types such as nano particle by the mode of physical analogyThe Transport And Transformation rule of environmental contaminants in aquifer.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is this analogue means structural representation.
Fig. 2 is sample delivery device part enlarged diagram in this analogue means.
Fig. 3 is hydraulic pressure monitoring device part enlarged diagram in this analogue means.
Fig. 4 is hydrochemical field monitoring device part enlarged diagram in this analogue means.
Fig. 5 is thief hole part enlarged diagram in this analogue means.
Fig. 6 takes out water injection well device part enlarged diagram in this analogue means.
In figure: 1. the front delivery port of suction pump 2. water tank 3. storage box 4. screw rod 5. iron stand 6. dividing plate 7.8. rear delivery port 9. casing 10. base 11. porous poly (methyl methacrylate) plates
12. water inlet 13. delivery port 14. thief hole 15. thief holes lead directly to copper pagoda 17. silicon of copper pipe 16.The fine and close gauze 19a of sebific duct 18.200 orders, 20. tongs 21. pressure measurement of the b. silica gel pad 22. hydraulic pressures monitorings of popping one's head inInstrument 23. electrodes lead directly to copper pipe 24.pH electrode 25. conductance electrodes
26. dissolved oxygen electrode 27. oxidation-reduction potential electrode 28. monitoring form 29. syringe pump 30. syringes31. straight-through valve 32. porous ceramics head 33. tetrafluoroethene pipe 34. lucite tube 35. silicone tubes 36. are taken out water injecting pump37. Simulated Water well casing 38. water seepage hole 39. water transport port 40. discharge outlet.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment:
An analogue means for environmental contaminants Transport And Transformation in underground water different water cut layer, comprise water-storing device, onSwimming an adjusting device, water-bearing layer analogue means, sample delivery device, take out water injection well device and downstream head adjusting device, holdWater device comprises suction pump 1 and water tank 2, and suction pump 1 import is connected with water tank 2 by water pipe; Upstream head adjusting device, by holdingWater box 3 and screw rod 4 form and are threaded connection, and regulate the height of storage box by the rotation of screw rod, and screw rod 4 supportsOn iron stand 5, in storage box 4, be provided with dividing plate 6 and storage box 3 be divided into front storage box and rear storage box, front storage box andRear storage box bottom is respectively equipped with front delivery port 7, rear delivery port 8, and front delivery port 7 is connected with water tank 2 by silicone tube, rear water outletMouth 8 is connected with the casing of water-bearing layer analogue means by silicone tube, and suction pump 1 exports by water pipe and is connected with rear storage box; ContainWater layer analogue means is with the lucite casing 9 of top cover and is fixed on base 10, and casing 9 is interior is vertically fixed with two bagsCasing 9 is divided into upstream tank, seepage tank and downstream tank, upper water by the porous poly (methyl methacrylate) plate 11 that is covered with 200 order gauzesTrench bottom is provided with water inlet 12, and downstream water trench bottom is provided with delivery port 13, and wall box is provided with 35 thief holes 14 and passes throughThe straight-through copper pipe 15 of 35 thief holes being provided with on sidewall is fixed, and is wherein longitudinally provided with the five row thief holes that spacing is identical, everyRow are laterally provided with seven thief holes that spacing is identical, and the outer end of the straight-through copper pipe 15 of each thief hole is connected with copper pagoda 16 and siliconSebific duct 17, is provided with the fine and close gauze 18 of 200 orders and utilizes silica gel pad 19a close between the outer end of straight-through copper pipe 15 and copper pagoda 16Envelope, silicone tube 17 is provided with tongs 20; On casing 9 top covers, be fixed with seven pressure measurement probe 21 and by wire and hydraulic pressureMonitor 22 connects and composes water pressure monitoring device, and wherein two pressure measurement probes lay respectively at upstream tank and downstream water slot part,Five pressure measurement probes are not positioned at seepage tank part corresponding with five row thief holes respectively, are fixed with four on the outer wall of downstream tankElectrode leads directly to copper pipe 23, and pH electrode 24, conductance electrode 25, dissolved oxygen electrode 26 and oxidation-reduction potential electrode 27 are respectively through electrodeStraight-through copper pipe 23 also utilizes silica gel pad 19b sealing, pH electrode 24, conductance electrode 25, dissolved oxygen electrode 26 and oxidation-reduction potentialElectrode 27 connects and composes hydrochemical field monitoring device by wire and monitoring form 28 respectively; Sample delivery device comprises syringe pump29, syringe 30, straight-through valve 31 and porous ceramics head 32, syringe pump 29 is connected with syringe 30, and straight-through valve 31 is located at injectionThe outlet of device 30 is also connected wherein silicon with porous ceramics head 32 by tetrafluoroethene pipe 33, lucite tube 34 and silicone tube 35Sebific duct 35 and porous ceramics head 32 stretch in the casing of water-bearing layer analogue means; Taking out water injection well device comprises and takes out water injecting pump 36 and mouldIntend well pipe 37 and connect by pipeline, Simulated Water well casing 36 is vertical in the casing of water-bearing layer analogue means, simulation wellManage the uniform water seepage hole 38 of 37 tube wall, by regulate the thickness of well permeable layer with adhesive tape shutoff water seepage hole; Downstream head adjusting deviceBasic identical with upstream head adjusting device structure, but the storage box on dividing plate both sides bottom is respectively equipped with water transport port 39 and discharge outlet40, wherein the water transport port 39 of storage box is connected with the bottom half delivery port 13 of water-bearing layer analogue means by silicone tube.
In this embodiment, the length of water-bearing layer analogue means be 42 centimetres, wide be 7 centimetres, be highly 24 centimetres, adopt organicGlass plate preparation; The diameter of the thief hole arranging on anterior poly (methyl methacrylate) plate is 1 centimetre, and transverse holes spacing is 5 centimetres, longitudinal holeSpacing is 3 centimetres; The pitch of holes of the pressure measurement probe on top cover of box is 5 centimetres.
Working mechanism of the present invention:
Upstream head adjusting device is connected with upstream water tank and controls the liquid level in the water tank of upstream, and downstream head regulates dressPutting is connected with downstream water tank controls the liquid level in water tank. In the time of simulated diving water-bearing layer, upstream water tank level and downstream waterCase liquid level is all in the altitude range of seepage tank. When simulation is when artesian aquifer, upstream water tank level, downstream water tank level and oozeThe liquid level of chute is consistent, but the pressure that hydraulic pressure produces higher than liquid level. By upstream water tank and downstream water tank into and out ofThe hydraulics of seepage tank is controlled in water hole.
Take out while simulating complete penetration of well in water injection well device, lucite tube is put into sand launder completely. Non-complete when simulatingWhen whole well, with putting into sand launder after waterproof rubber belt sealing part lucite tube. In two kinds of situations, all utilize and take out water injecting pumpTake out water filling.
This analogue means, can in order to meet to environmental contaminants such as nano particles the needs at the Transport of underground waterPhreatic aquifer and the artesian aquifer of simulation in zone of saturation, in the support capillary water zone in addition also can the simulation package band of gasMigration situation. Also can design in homogeneous isotropism, homogeneous anisotropy, heterogeneous body each by changing the character of porous mediaTo the migration situation under the condition such as the same sex, heterogeneous anisotropic. In order to disclose the Transport of environmental contaminants, the letter of trying one's bestChange experimental condition, this device only need be controlled single water-bearing layer character, and the height of the storage box by upstream and downstream is controlled seepage tankInterior hydraulic properties. Regulating upstream and downstream head height by head adjusting device, there is certain head difference in two heads, formsStable flow field. In seepage flow section, load the porous media of homogeneous, inject the environmental contaminants such as nano particle by throwing sampling deviceMatter. In thief hole, sample monitoring pollutant Transport. If when simulation artesian aquifer, need swimming up and downIn head unit, the height of storage box is adjusted to higher than seepage tank top board.
The concrete steps of utilizing this analogue means to detect are as follows:
1) device sealing detection
After device various piece is connected, regulate the height of upstream and downstream water head equipment by screw rod, make its all higher thanSeepage tank top board height. In the water tank in upper water head adjusting device, add deionized water, open small pump, form water and followRing. Toward slowly water filling in the storage box in upper water head adjusting device, the liquid level in seepage tank is also along with the injection of water slowly risesHeight, until stable. Check that device has or not Seepage.
2) filling of porous media
In this device, the porous media of filling is the quartz sand particle through the rinsing of the soda acid such as pernitric acid, NaOH. GrainFootpath is distributed between 0.2-0.3mm. By porous media in layer add seepage flow section, adding next after often adding one deck compactingLayer, until fill whole seepage tank. The porous ceramics head of sample delivery device is also nuzzled in seepage tank.
3) the full water of porous media
The height of upstream and downstream head is adjusted to unanimously, by the injected water volume of small pump control storage box, from lower towardOn slowly pass into deionized water, and heighten gradually the height of storage box in upstream and downstream water head equipment, make downstream head adjusting deviceIn the lower slightly upstream of the height head adjusting device of storage box in storage box height,, keep all after full water until quartz sand layerUpstream and downstream head adjusting device height.
4) formation of steady flow condition
After the full water stage completes, regulate upstream and downstream water head equipment to make two ends liquid level form liquid level poor, control seepage flow portionThe flow velocity dividing. Be adjusted to after the flow velocity that meets experimental condition, open hydraulic pressure monitoring device, hydrochemical field monitoring device. FixedFlow and the water chemistry character of the monitoring downstream head drainage position of phase. Respectively after data stabilization, can determine that flow field is until above-mentionedStable.
5) inject environmental pollutants
The pollutant such as nano particle is dissolved and is dispersed in the aqueous solution, with after syringe draw solution, by foul solutionSyringe is placed on syringe pump. Regulate syringe pump injection volume to realize simulation point source moment input, the lasting input of point sourceEtc. process.
6) sampling monitoring
Emerging pollutant sampled from the thief hole of choosing every 2 minutes after throwing in, and primary sample is about 1-2Milliliter, utilizes ultraviolet specrophotometer to come absorbance the record of test sample product, until stop sampling after the data stabilization of thief hole.
7) seepage field conversion
On original experiment condition, in seepage tank, be provided with a complete penetration of well, utilize water pump quantitatively to draw water orWater filling, repeats above-mentioned experimentation.
Claims (1)
1. an analogue means for environmental contaminants Transport And Transformation in underground water different water cut layer, is characterized in that: comprise and holdingWater device, upstream head adjusting device, water-bearing layer analogue means, sample delivery device, take out water injection well device and downstream head and adjustRegulating device, water-storing device comprises suction pump and water tank, suction pump import is connected with water tank by water pipe; Upstream head regulates dressPut, form and be threaded connection by storage box and screw rod, regulate the height of storage box by the rotation of screw rod, screw rodBe supported on iron stand, in storage box, be provided with dividing plate and storage box is divided into front storage box and rear storage box, at the bottom of front storage boxPortion is provided with front delivery port, and rear storage box bottom is provided with rear delivery port, and front delivery port is connected with water tank by silicone tube, rear delivery portBe connected with the casing of water-bearing layer analogue means by silicone tube, suction pump outlet is connected with rear storage box by water pipe; Water-bearing layerAnalogue means is with the lucite casing of top cover and is fixed on base, is vertically fixed with two and is coated with 200 in casingCasing is divided into upstream tank, seepage tank and downstream tank by the porous poly (methyl methacrylate) plate of order gauze, and upper water trench bottom is provided withWater inlet, downstream water trench bottom is provided with delivery port, and wall box is provided with 35 thief holes and by being provided with on sidewall35 straight-through copper pipes of thief hole are fixed, and are wherein longitudinally provided with the five row thief holes that spacing is identical, and it is identical that every row are laterally provided with spacingSeven thief holes, the outer end of the straight-through copper pipe of each thief hole is connected with copper pagoda and silicone tube, the outer end of straight-through copper pipe withBetween copper pagoda, be provided with the fine and close gauze of 200 orders and utilize silica gel pad sealing, silicone tube is provided with tongs; On top cover of boxBe fixed with seven pressure measurement probes and connect and compose water pressure monitoring device by wire and hydraulic pressure monitor, wherein two pressure measurementProbe lays respectively at upstream tank and downstream water slot part, and five pressure measurement probes are not positioned at seepage tank part and get with five row respectivelySample hole correspondence, is fixed with the straight-through copper pipe of four electrodes, pH electrode, conductance electrode, dissolved oxygen electrode and oxygen on the outer wall of downstream tankChanging reduction potential electrode leads directly to copper pipe and utilizes silica gel pad sealing, pH electrode, conductance electrode, dissolved oxygen electrode through electrode respectivelyConnect and compose hydrochemical field monitoring device by wire and monitoring form respectively with oxidation-reduction potential electrode; Sample delivery device bagDraw together syringe pump, syringe, straight-through valve and porous ceramics head, syringe pump is connected with syringe, and straight-through valve is located at syringeOutlet is also connected wherein silicone tube and porous ceramics with porous ceramics head by tetrafluoroethene pipe, lucite tube and silicone tubeHead stretches in the casing of water-bearing layer analogue means; Taking out water injection well device comprises and takes out water injecting pump and Simulated Water well casing and connect by pipelineConnect, Simulated Water well casing is vertical in the casing of water-bearing layer analogue means, and the uniform water seepage hole of Simulated Water well casing tube wall, by using glueRegulate the thickness of well permeable layer with shutoff water seepage hole; Downstream head adjusting device is identical with upstream head adjusting device structure, butThe storage box bottom on dividing plate both sides is respectively equipped with water transport port and discharge outlet, and wherein the water transport port of storage box is by silicone tube and moistureThe bottom half delivery port of layer analogue means connects.
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