CN104568677B - A kind of pour to strain to test apparatus and method of indoor heavy metal contaminants - Google Patents
A kind of pour to strain to test apparatus and method of indoor heavy metal contaminants Download PDFInfo
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- CN104568677B CN104568677B CN201410819603.4A CN201410819603A CN104568677B CN 104568677 B CN104568677 B CN 104568677B CN 201410819603 A CN201410819603 A CN 201410819603A CN 104568677 B CN104568677 B CN 104568677B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to Environmental Geotechnical and field of environment engineering, more particularly to a kind of heavy metal contaminants pour to strain to test apparatus and method.The present invention provides a kind of pour to strain to test device for testing heavy metal element release and transport, the experimental provision can be monitored to the physical state of each layering Rock And Soil and heavy metal to underground water release and transport, real-time sampling detection carried out to each layering Rock And Soil and leachate, the experimental rig can simulate heavy metal element in the leaching of each layer of position of Rock And Soil, migration and conversion process.The present invention also provides a kind of method of the pour to strain to test for carrying out and testing heavy metal element release and transport, including：Filling leaching post, the heavy metal element concentration of the different periods for obtaining, different layers position, the solid sample of different flow and leaching fluid sample is tested by setting pressure gauge, suction lysimeter, flowmeter and sample interval.This method can effectively simulate the concentration parameter that heavy metal element obtains being located at different leaching posts layer position under eluviation.
Description
Technical field
A kind of pour to strain to test the invention belongs to Environmental Geotechnical and field of environment engineering, more particularly to heavy metal contaminants is filled
Put and method.
Background technology
The Rock And Soil that heavy metal element is contained in China is widely distributed, is formed containing metallic element particularly in black strata
Acid mine water is easily formed in the mine tailing or Weathering Zones of Igneous Rock mechanism that are formed after metal ore, but exploitation, so as to produce water rock
Chemical action and discharge a large amount of poisonous and hazardous heavy metal elements, and progressively diffuse in water environment and pollute surrounding soil ring
Border.The pH value of acid water is generally relatively low, when serious can as little as 2~3, corrosion acidifying is easily produced to Rock And Soil, and add Rock And Soil
Quick-release releases heavy metal element, such as lead, arsenic, cadmium, copper.In the water lithification mechanism of rainwater leaching, how quilt is monitored
The physical state of eluviation Rock And Soil, how accurately heavy metal element is converted, migrated to water ring in the acquisition Rock And Soil of simplicity
Evaluation in border is very crucial.
At present, the method for heavy metal element pollution environment is mainly scene and Rock And Soil and contaminated water body is sampled
Studied, but the method time-consuming cycle it is long, it is inconvenient carry out many experiments, therefore, heavy metal element Rock And Soil is rich in research
(such as：Black strata) or the heavy metal element of metal mine discharges, migrates, the simulation laboratory test of conversion has turned into Environmental Geotechnical
The important topic of aspect, the Experimental Method in Laboratory of the water rock chemical action under heavy metal eluviation is also particularly important.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of pour to strain to test device for testing heavy metal element release and transport, the experiment
Device can be monitored to the physical state of each layering Rock And Soil and heavy metal to underground water release and transport, to each layering rock
The soil body and leachate carry out real-time sampling detection, and the experimental rig can simulate heavy metal element in each layer of position of Rock And Soil
Leaching, migration and conversion process.
A kind of pour to strain to test device for testing heavy metal element release and transport, including：Support, leaching post, with graduated
First leaching receiving flask, the second leaching receiving flask, vavuum pump, safety bottle, the leaching post is placed on support, under the leaching post
End is placed with graduated second leaching receiving flask, and suction leaking equipment, the absorption seepage are provided with the leaching post side
Instrument is connected by the first catheter with the first leaching receiving flask, described between graduated first leaching receiving flask and vavuum pump
Safety bottle is set, is connected by the first catheter with safety bottle with graduated first leaching receiving flask, vavuum pump,
It is characterized in that：Also include the pin shower nozzle being suspended in by support vertical on leaching post, the second catheter drenches
Lateral sample tap, tensometer, wire guide that the funnelform necking of filter post bottom connection and leaching post side are set, moisture sensing
Device, cable, data collecting system instrument, computer, the pin shower nozzle water inlet by the second catheter successively with pressure gauge, stream
Gauge is connected with liquid pump output end, and described second catheter one end is connected with the input of liquid pump, and second catheter is another
Storage tank is stretched at end, and the second filter layer is set between the necking and leaching post, and the necking is provided with leaching post junction
Ring flange, the necking, leaching post and ring flange carry out closed, the spy of the moisture transducer with nut and the closed packing ring of silica gel
Pin is embedded in leaching post by being arranged at the wire guide of leaching post side, and the probe of the tensometer is by being arranged at leaching post
The wire guide of side is embedded in leaching post, and the signal that the tensometer and moisture transducer are collected is transferred to by cable
The data collecting system instrument, the data collecting system instrument is connected with computer, and the leaching post and necking use lucite
It is made, it is described to be placed on electronic balance with graduated second leaching receiving flask, it is described with graduated second leaching receiving flask
Positioned at necking delivery port lower section.
Further, the leaching capital places the first filter layer, and first filter layer is by more than nylon screen and first
Orifice plate is constituted from top to bottom, and first filter layer is located at immediately below pin shower nozzle.
Further, second catheter stretches into the one of storage tank and is terminated with screen pack, and second catheter is stretched into
One end of storage tank is statically placed in underwater in water tank.
Further, the spacing of the suction leaking equipment, lateral sample tap, tensometer and moisture transducer is 20CM.
Further, the filtering layer of the mistake second is by nylon screen, quartz sand, and nylon screen and the second porous plate are from top to bottom
Constitute successively.
Further, the leaching pillar height degree >=105CM, the leaching post cylinder internal diameter >=12.5CM, more than described second
Orifice plate aperture is R, 0.2CM≤R≤0.5CM.
Invention additionally discloses a kind of side of the pour to strain to test for using said apparatus test heavy metal element release and transport
Method, comprises the following steps：
S1, leaching post is filled with sample, suction permeameter is set, the embedded tensometer of layering and moisture transducer are in leaching post
Sample in；
S2, the flow value that manometric pressure value and flowmeter are set, it is specific as follows：By deionized water or configure not
With the H of pH value2SO4Type acidic aqueous solution is placed in storage tank, controls to enter the water of leaching post respectively by flowmeter and pressure gauge
Shunting value and pressure value, allow moisture sufficiently to pass through whole leaching post
S3, the sample interval for setting solid sample and leaching fluid sample, open vavuum pump, using vavuum pump principle
The leachate sample of different layers position is progressively obtained at suction leaking equipment, and using data collecting system instrument collection tensometer and water
Sample physical state data at sub-sensor, while obtaining solid sample at lateral sample tap；
A huge sum of money for different periods, different layers position, the solid sample of different flow and leaching fluid sample that S4, test are obtained
Category concentration of element；
S5, the data obtained according to S4, evaluate migration, Sunk-fund effect and to water ring of the heavy metal in leaching post different layers position
The ability for being discharged in border, being converted.
Further, sample described in S1 is to be ground to large rock mass sample of 20 purposes containing heavy metal mine tailing, or rock wind
Change soil profile.
Further, the rock decay soil profile is sequentially placed into leaching post.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The filter layer that pin shower nozzle and leaching capital end of the present invention directly over leaching post are set, can spray moisture
With dispersion evenly, and the leaching capital end soil body is effectively protected not by erosion；Leaching post bottom sets filter layer, mainly protects
Leaching column bottom not ponding is demonstrate,proved, leaching post inside ground body weight is carried, and with the effect containing impurity in reduction leachate.
Shower nozzle water inlet of the present invention sets flowmeter and pressure gauge, is effectively controlled moisture into the flow of leaching post
With effective raininess, the pour to strain to test under the conditions of different flow and raininess can be simulated.
Leaching post side of the present invention sets lateral sample tap, suction leaking equipment, can effectively realize to each layer Rock And Soil and pouring
Filtrate is sampled detection in real time；Tensometer, moisture transducer can real-time monitoring be respectively layered the physical state of Rock And Soil, therefore,
Migration, transformation rule of the heavy metal element in each layer position Rock And Soil can be studied.
The pour to strain to test that the inventive method can be carried out effectively for different flow moisture, can effectively simulate heavy metal unit
Element obtains being located at the concentration parameter of different leaching posts layer position under eluviation, while can be to the leachate of different layers position Rock And Soil
Tested, the parameter that acquisition heavy metal is converted and discharged to water environment in different layers position, and then reached directly evaluation heavy metal
Element metal tailings or weathering soil profile migration, precipitation and to water body release, conversion ability.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of device of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the A-A profiles of device of the present invention
Fig. 3 is that the leaching post of device of the present invention connects the structural representation of partial enlargement with necking.
Fig. 4 is the inventive method flow chart.
In figure marked as：1- storage tanks, 2- liquid pumps, 3- flowmeters, 4- pressure gauges, the catheters of 5- first, the spray of 6- pins
Head, 7- leaching posts, 8- neckings, 9- suction leaking equipments, the lateral sample taps of 10-, 11- the first leachate receiving flasks, 12- vavuum pumps,
13- supports, 14- electronic balances, 15- cables, 16- tensometers, 17- moisture transducers, 18- data collecting system instrument, 19- electricity
Brain, 20- nylon screens, the porous plates of 21- first, 22- quartz sands, the closed packing ring of 23- silica gel, 24- ring flanges, the drains of 25- second
Pipe, 26- safety bottles, 27- the second leaching receiving flasks, the porous plates of 28- second.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing, technical scheme is described in detail.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2,
A kind of pour to strain to test device for testing heavy metal element release and transport, including：Support 13, leaching post (7), with quarter
First leaching receiving flask 11 of degree, the second leaching receiving flask 27, vavuum pump 12, leaching post 7 is placed in support 13 described in safety bottle 26
On, the lower end of leaching post 7 is placed with graduated second leaching receiving flask 27, and suction is provided with the side of leaching post 7
Leaking equipment 9, the height >=105CM of leaching post 7, the cylinder internal diameter of the leaching post 7 >=12.5CM, the absorption leaking equipment 9 leads to
The first catheter 5 is crossed to be connected with the first leaching receiving flask 11, it is described with graduated first leaching receiving flask 11 and vavuum pump 12
Between safety bottle 26 is set, pass through the first catheter 5 with graduated first leaching receiving flask 11, vavuum pump 12 and safety bottle 26
It is connected, also including suspended vertically in the pin shower nozzle 6 on leaching post 7, the second catheter 25, under leaching post 7 by support 13
Lateral sample tap 10, tensometer 16, wire guide that the funnelform necking 8 of portion's connection and the side of leaching post 7 are set, moisture sensing
Place the first filter layer, first filtering in device 17, cable 15, data collecting system instrument 18, computer 19, the top of leaching post 7
Layer is made up of from top to bottom 40 mesh nylon screens 20 and porous plate 21, and first filter layer is located at immediately below pin shower nozzle 6,
The water inlet of pin shower nozzle 6 is connected with pressure gauge 4, flowmeter 3 and the output end of liquid pump 2 successively by the second catheter 25,
The spacing of the suction leaking equipment 9, lateral sample tap 10, tensometer 16 and moisture transducer 17 is 20CM, second drain
The one end of pipe 25 is connected with the input of liquid pump 2, and the other end of the second catheter 25 stretches into storage tank 1, second catheter
25 stretch into the one of storage tank 1 is terminated with screen pack, and one end that second catheter 25 stretches into storage tank 1 is statically placed in water in water tank
Under face, the second filter layer is set, the filtering layer of the mistake second is by 40 mesh nylon screens 20, quartz between the necking 8 and leaching post 7
The mesh nylon screen 20 of sand 22,40 and the second porous plate 28 are from top to bottom constituted successively, and the aperture of the second porous plate 28 is R,
0.2CM≤R≤0.5CM, the necking 8 is provided with ring flange 24, the necking 8, leaching post 7 and method with the junction of leaching post 7
Blue disk 24 is carried out closed with nut and the closed packing ring 23 of silica gel, and the probe of the moisture transducer 17 is by being arranged at leaching post 7
The wire guide of side is embedded in leaching post 7, and the probe of the tensometer 16 is buried by being arranged at the wire guide of the side of leaching post 7
In leaching post 7, the signal that the tensometer 16 and moisture transducer 17 are collected is transferred to the number by cable 15
According to acquisition system instrument 18, the data collecting system instrument 18 is connected with computer 19, and the leaching post 7 and necking 8 use organic glass
Glass is made, described to use wide-mouth vial-type with graduated first leaching receiving flask 11 and with graduated second leaching receiving flask 27
Bottle stopper it is closed, it is described to be placed on electronic balance 14 with graduated second leaching receiving flask 27, it is described with graduated second
Leaching receiving flask 27 is located at the delivery port of necking 8 lower section, the wire guide that the probe of the tensometer 16 and moisture transducer 17 passes through
Closed using acidproof or alkali resistant glass glue, the lateral sample tap 10 uses the closed sealing of screw-type, the absorption seepage
Instrument 9 uses the closed sealing of screw-type.
Preferably, the first catheter 5 and the second catheter 25 select silicone tube.
Preferably, liquid pump 2 selects peristaltic pump.
Preferably, the lateral sample tap 10 uses the closed sealing of screw-type, the suction leaking equipment 9 uses screw-type
Closed sealing.
Preferably, described make with graduated first leaching receiving flask 11 and with graduated second leaching receiving flask 27
Bottle stopper with wide-mouth vial-type is closed.
Preferably, the wire guide that the probe of the tensometer 16 and moisture transducer 17 passes through is using acidproof or alkaline-resisting
Property glass cement is closed.
Pour to strain to test device of the present invention is assembled by following steps：
As shown in figure 3, after the second porous plate 28 and the closed packing ring 23 of silica gel are laid in the top of necking 8, by necking 8 and leaching post
7 ring flange 24 is corresponding, using nut connect, as shown in figure 1, by the leaching post 7 after the completion of connection and necking 8 be installed on by
On the support 13 that stainless steel waterpipe is made.
40 mesh nylon screens 20, the mesh nylon screen 20 of quartz sand 22,40 and are from top to bottom laid successively in the bottom of leaching post 7
Two porous plates 28.According to field investigation Rock And Soil section, the rock mass of bulk is carried out to be crushed to below 1cm, in order by difference
The Rock And Soil of section mark line according to drawn by is fitted into leaching post 7, according to sample tap and wire designed by each side of leaching post 7
The spacing 20cm in hole, when the sample of every filling 20cm height, embedded suction oozes at the corresponding leaching post lateral aperture of rock-soil layer
Leakage meter 9, tensometer 16, moisture transducer 17, the first porous plate 21 and 40 is installed when Rock And Soil is filled to leaching 7 top of post successively
Mesh nylon screen 20.
As shown in figure 1, increasing to the top end of pin shower nozzle 6 support 13 with screw thread riveting, pin shower nozzle 6 is tied
It is tied on support 13, is sequentially connected with storage tank 1, peristaltic pump 2, flowmeter 3 and pressure gauge 4 with the second catheter (25), together
When the second catheter (25) stretch into storage tank 1 one end set screen pack.
Shown referring to Figures 1 and 2, the second leachate receiving flask 27 is placed in the water outlet of necking 8, and the first leachate is collected
Bottle 11 is connected with the first catheter 5 with suction lysimeter 9, safety bottle 26, vavuum pump 12；Tensometer 16 and moisture transducer 17 are adopted
It is connected with data collecting system instrument 18, computer 19 with cable 15.
During experiment, during deionized water contained into storage tank 1, peristaltic pump is opened, different water-carrying capacity, force combination bar are set
Part, is sprayed on the 40 mesh nylon screens 20 on the top of leaching post 7 using pin shower nozzle 6, and is progressively shunted through porous plate 21
Into each layer rock-soil layer sample.Respectively design different periods each layer Rock And Soil sample is sampled, using computer control
Data collecting system is gathered the physical state data of each layer Rock And Soil and the leachate of each layer Rock And Soil is gathered using vavuum pump, right
The leachate receiving flask for acquiring leachate is placed on electronic balance and is weighed, and calculates leachate density.For different periods
Each layer Rock And Soil sample of collection, room temperature crosses the crushing of 200 mesh and carries out heavy metal element test after air-drying, while to different periods
The leachate of collection is detected, carried out with each period Rock And Soil sample and Heavy Metals in Water Environment content by data analysis
Comparative analysis, finds out leaching of the heavy metal element in Rock And Soil, migration and transformation rule.
As shown in Figure 4：
Choose the black shale that somewhere is contained on the different weathered layer sections of pyrite, section top layer to bottom rate of decay
It is sequentially reduced, 20 mesh or so is ground to bottom black shale, according to the primitive form of black shale weathering profile, by weathering
The minimum sample of degree is placed in leaching post bottom, and rate of decay highest sample is placed in leaching capital layer, is placing sample
Middle that suction lysimeter 9 is placed in the sample layer of design spacing, sample is positioned over after leaching post, and leaching is made using deionized water
The abundant saturation of sample of post.
Experimental condition：Solution is deionized water, simulates neutrallty condition, and experiment water pressure is 0.6Mpa, and flow is 10ml/
Min, each leaching time is designed as 1h, design leachate, solid sample sample time be 1d, 2d, 5d, 10d, 15d, 20d,
30d。
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP- is utilized to the solid sample acquired by different time, leachate sample
MS) or atomic fluorescence method (AFS) the method acquired sample of test heavy metal element concentration, to obtain heavy metal in difference
The weathered layer position migration of black shale, Sunk-fund effect and to water environment release, the ability of conversion heavy metal, so as to obtain heavy metal
Transformation mechanism and Transport in different weathering black shales under water-rock interaction.Preferably, the solid-like that will be obtained
Product are ground to 200 mesh.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of pour to strain to test device of indoor heavy metal contaminants, including：Support (13), leaching post (7), with graduated
One leaching receiving flask (11), the second leaching receiving flask (27), vavuum pump (12), safety bottle (26)；The leaching post (7) is placed in branch
On frame (13), leaching post (7) lower end is placed with graduated second leaching receiving flask (27), leaching post (7) side
On be provided with suction leaking equipment (9), the suction leaking equipment (9) is by the first catheter (5) and the first leaching receiving flask (11)
It is connected, it is described with safety bottle (26) is set between graduated first leaching receiving flask (11) and vavuum pump (12), with scale
The first leaching receiving flask (11), vavuum pump (12) be connected by the first catheter (5) with safety bottle (26),
It is characterized in that：Also suspended vertically in the pin shower nozzle (6) on leaching post (7) including passing through support (13), second leads
Liquid pipe (25), the lateral sample tap that the funnelform necking (8) of leaching post (7) bottom connection and leaching post (7) side are set
(10), tensometer (16), wire guide, moisture transducer (17), cable (15), data collecting system instrument (18), computer (19), institute
Pin shower nozzle (6) water inlet is stated to be exported with pressure gauge (4), flowmeter (3) and liquid pump (2) successively by the second catheter (25)
End is connected, and described second catheter (25) one end is connected with the input of liquid pump (2), and the second catheter (25) other end is stretched
Enter storage tank (1), the second filter layer is set between the necking (8) and leaching post (7), the necking (8) is with leaching post (7) even
The place of connecing is provided with ring flange (24), the necking (8), leaching post (7) and ring flange (24) nut and the closed packing ring of silica gel
(23) carry out closed, the probe of the moisture transducer (17) is embedded in pouring by being arranged at the wire guide of leaching post (7) side
In filter post (7), the probe of the tensometer (16) is embedded in leaching post (7) by being arranged at the wire guide of leaching post (7) side
Interior, the signal that the tensometer (16) and moisture transducer (17) are collected is transferred to the data acquisition by cable (15)
System instrument (18), the data collecting system instrument (18) is connected with computer (19), and the leaching post (7) and necking (8) are used and had
Machine glass is made, and the first filter layer is placed on leaching post (7) top, and first filter layer is by nylon screen (20) and more than first
Orifice plate (21) is constituted from top to bottom, and first filter layer is located at immediately below pin shower nozzle (6), described with graduated second
Leaching receiving flask (27) is placed on electronic balance (14), it is described with graduated second leaching receiving flask (27) positioned at necking (8)
Delivery port lower section, second catheter (25) stretches into the one of storage tank (1) and is terminated with screen pack, second catheter (25)
The one end for stretching into storage tank (1) is statically placed in underwater in water tank.
2. the pour to strain to test device of a kind of indoor heavy metal contaminants according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The suction
The spacing of power leaking equipment (9), lateral sample tap (10), tensometer (16) and moisture transducer (17) is 20CM.
3. the pour to strain to test device of a kind of indoor heavy metal contaminants according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described
Two filter layers by nylon screen (20), quartz sand (22), nylon screen (20) and the second porous plate (28) from top to bottom structure successively
Into.
4. the pour to strain to test device of a kind of indoor heavy metal contaminants according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The pouring
Filter post (7) height >=105CM, leaching post (7) cylinder internal diameter >=12.5CM, the second porous plate (28) aperture is R,
0.2CM≤R≤0.5CM。
5. a kind of pour to strain to test method of indoor heavy metal contaminants, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1, leaching post (7) is filled with sample, suction leaking equipment (9), layering embedded tensometer (16) and moisture transducer are set
(17)；
The flow value of S2, the pressure value that pressure gauge (4) is set and flowmeter (3), it is specific as follows：By deionized water or configure
The H of different pH value2SO4Type acidic aqueous solution is placed in storage tank (1), by flowmeter (3) and pressure gauge (4) control respectively into
Enter the moisture flow value and pressure value of leaching post (7), allow moisture sufficiently to pass through whole leaching post (7)；
S3, the sample interval for setting solid sample and leaching fluid sample, open vavuum pump (12), using vavuum pump (12)
Principle progressively obtains the leachate sample of different layers position at suction leaking equipment (9) place, and is adopted using data collecting system instrument (18)
Collect the sample physical state data at tensometer (16) and moisture transducer (17) place, while obtaining solid at lateral sample tap (10) place
Body sample；
The heavy metal unit of different periods, different layers position, the solid sample of different flow and leaching fluid sample that S4, test are obtained
Plain concentration；
S5, the data obtained according to S4, evaluate migration, Sunk-fund effect and in water environment of the heavy metal in leaching post different layers position
Release, the ability of conversion.
6. the pour to strain to test method of a kind of indoor heavy metal contaminants according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Described in S1
Sample is to be ground to large rock mass sample of 20 purposes containing heavy metal mine tailing, or rock decay soil profile.
7. the pour to strain to test method of a kind of indoor heavy metal contaminants according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The rock
Stone weathering soil profile is sequentially placed into leaching post (7).
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| CN201410819603.4A CN104568677B (en) | 2014-12-25 | 2014-12-25 | A kind of pour to strain to test apparatus and method of indoor heavy metal contaminants |
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| CN201410819603.4A CN104568677B (en) | 2014-12-25 | 2014-12-25 | A kind of pour to strain to test apparatus and method of indoor heavy metal contaminants |
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| US5594185A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-01-14 | Analytical Bio Chemistry Laboratories, Inc. | Self-contained, modular lysimeter and method of using the same |
| CN102062773A (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2011-05-18 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for simulating soil solute transport in laboratory |
| CN102175833A (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2011-09-07 | 南昌大学 | Vertical soil-column rain-controlling leaching system |
| CN102707035B (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2014-07-16 | 长安大学 | Fully-automatic earth pillar leaching experiment device |
| CN103424341A (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2013-12-04 | 河海大学 | Simulator for transport of soil pollutant |
| CN204405490U (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-06-17 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of pour to strain to test device testing heavy metal element release and transport |
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