CN109839492B - Aeration zone-underground water pollution correlation simulation experiment method - Google Patents
Aeration zone-underground water pollution correlation simulation experiment method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aeration zone-underground water pollution correlation simulation experiment method which is realized by relying on an aeration zone-underground water pollution correlation simulation experiment platform, wherein the experiment platform comprises a dynamic water level simulation device, an aeration zone simulation device and a rainfall irrigation simulation device. By adding various pollution sources at different depths in the aeration zone simulation device, the migration and transformation of the pollution sources in the aeration zone and the migration and transformation process after the pollution sources enter the aquifer are monitored three-dimensionally, and a complete three-dimensional pollution simulation experiment method for vertical infiltration of the aeration zone and horizontal migration of the aquifer is formed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of groundwater pollution and remediation, in particular to a simulation experiment method for correlation of aeration zone-groundwater pollution.
Background
In hydrogeology, the aeration zone refers to the geological space between the diving surface and the ground surface. It has important function in the formation and change of underground water resource, and has the functions of storing water and transmitting surface water seepage. The air-covered area soil obtains moisture due to precipitation (or irrigation), and consumes moisture due to evaporation. The rainfall and evapotranspiration in nature have a change process, and the rainfall is more than the evapotranspiration sometimes, and the rainfall is less than the evapotranspiration sometimes. This necessarily results in aeration zones with sometimes increased and sometimes decreased soil moisture content, exhibiting a process of diminishing soil moisture. The moisture dynamic state of the aeration zone refers to the growth and regression process of the moisture content and the moisture profile in the aeration zone, and the moisture exchange between the aeration zone and the outside is carried out on the upper interface and the lower interface of the aeration zone.
The solute content in the underground water is obviously influenced by aeration zones and substances piled on the ground surface, and mainly comprises the following three aspects: firstly, surface sewage seeps and pollutes underground water through an aeration zone, which is a very common phenomenon in cities, industrial and mining areas and farmland irrigation areas with large amount of sewage discharge; secondly, the polluted soil body with air inclusion is polluted by the groundwater caused by the atmospheric precipitation or infiltration of irrigation water, the pollution of the soil body with air inclusion can be caused due to the spraying and removing of pesticides and fertilizers in farmlands, the irrigation of sewage, the falling of polluted dust in the atmosphere and the like, and the polluted substances in the polluted soil body enter the water under the action of later-stage infiltration so as to pollute the groundwater; pollutants in the garbage disposal site, the waste tailings and the slag stacking site are carried by rainfall and other water flows and pollute the underground water through the aeration zone. Besides direct pollution ways such as skylights, drill holes, caves and buried wastes, the aeration zone is an important medium for polluting the underground water.
After various pollutants enter the gas-enclosed zone soil body, a series of complex physical, physicochemical, biochemical and geochemical actions can be generated, some actions can lead the pollutants to be adsorbed, complexed and settled so as to reduce the concentration of the pollutants, and other actions can lead the concentration of the pollutants to be increased and the migration speed to be increased, thereby increasing the pollution probability of underground water. If the pH value is increased, the acidic pesticide can be changed into anions which are easy to migrate into underground water, and the sewage containing sodium can release calcium and magnesium ions in the exchange complex into the underground water.
Over the years, a plurality of scientific researchers continuously carry out scientific research work on groundwater pollution prevention and treatment, and corresponding groundwater simulation devices are required to be used for exploring the scientific problems, so that a reasonably designed aeration zone-groundwater dynamic simulation experiment method is designed, and a migration and transformation path of highly reduced pollutants becomes a hotspot problem in groundwater pollution remediation research.
Research finds that the current underground water physical simulation device has the following defects: firstly, in terms of functions, most of the existing simulation devices aim at an aeration zone or an aquifer and lack organic combination of simulation functions of the aeration zone and a saturated zone, particularly a highly reductive simulation device in a transition zone of the aeration zone and the saturated zone, so that pollutants entering the saturated zone from the aeration zone lack a simulation monitoring function, and the pollutant migration and conversion process cannot be seized from the whole circulation flow, so that the simulation devices lack integrity; secondly, the simulation device at the present stage has large sampling disturbance and can not be monitored three-dimensionally; the in-situ monitoring means is lagged behind, and the migration and transformation rules of pollutants in aeration zone-underground water cannot be effectively reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aeration zone-underground water pollution correlation simulation experiment method, which aims to solve the problem that the existing simulation device has poor simulation effect on the aeration zone-underground water correlation.
The simulation experiment method is realized by a corresponding aeration zone-underground water pollution associated simulation experiment platform, and the simulation experiment platform comprises a dynamic water level simulation device, an aeration zone simulation device and a rainfall irrigation simulation device.
The main body of the dynamic water level simulation device is a box-type shell with a rectangular cross section, the box-type shell is formed by processing organic glass, and the periphery of the box-type shell is reinforced and supported by a stainless steel bracket; two parallel porous permeable plates are arranged in the box-type shell, the two porous permeable plates are respectively close to and parallel to one wall plate of the box-type shell, and the distance between the porous permeable plates and the close wall plate is 80-120 mm; the plate surface of the porous permeable plate is densely provided with water passing holes with the aperture of 1-3 mm; the lower edge of the porous permeable plate is in sealing contact with the bottom plate of the box-type shell, the upper edge of the porous permeable plate is flush with the upper opening of the box-type shell, and the other two edges of the porous permeable plate are perpendicular to and in sealing contact with the two parallel wall plates of the box-type shell; the porous water permeable plate and the parallel and close wall plate form a groundwater free diving surface, and the local water level is prevented from being higher due to the independent water dune formed by the water injection hole.
The upper part of the free diving surface is sealed by an organic glass plate, an air inlet hole and an air outlet hole are formed in the glass plate, and the diameters of the air inlet hole and the air outlet hole are 8-12 mm; the air inlet hole is connected with an air inlet pipe with the outer diameter equal to the diameter of the air inlet pipe, the air inlet pipe extends into the bottom of the box-type shell, and a hole with the diameter of 1-2 mm is formed in the pipe wall of the part, inserted into the box-type shell, of the air inlet pipe; the external nitrogen gas storage device of intake pipe, the unnecessary gas of exhaust hole discharge, including the air in the exhaust aquifer medium when the aquifer water level rises, avoid the influence of air to groundwater redox environment.
A plurality of water inlets are arranged on a wall plate of the box-type shell parallel to the porous permeable plate, and a plurality of water outlets are arranged on the other side wall plate parallel to the wall plate; the water inlet and the water outlet are uniformly distributed in three layers, the aperture is 10-30 mm, the distance between the upper part and the lower part and the distance between the left part and the right part are 200-300 mm, the water inlet is connected with the water tank, a height adjustable device is arranged below the water tank, so that the free diving surface can be adjusted, and the water inlet and the water outlet are provided with a flowmeter and a valve; according to the water inlet and outlet holes corresponding to the water level switches, the design that a plurality of water inlet and outlet holes and the free water surface in the box body are uniform can simulate the runoff and drainage of underground water more effectively; meanwhile, the water inlet and the water outlet are mutually adjusted to realize the simulation and regulation of parameters such as the flow, the flow speed and the like of the underground water in the aquifer medium of the hydrogeological unit.
A plurality of sampling ports are uniformly arranged on two side wall plates of the box-type shell vertical to the porous water permeable plate, and the diameter of each sampling port is 10-20 mm; the sampling port is made of a glass tube; an in-situ monitoring instrument or a sealing film is arranged on each sampling port; the sampling port can be used for sampling or connecting an in-situ monitoring instrument; the sealing mode of the sampling port is that sealing adhesive films are pasted on two sides, quartz sand and purified water are filled in holes, and air is isolated, so that the inside of the simulation device is kept undisturbed.
Filling a water-bearing stratum medium for simulating a hydrogeological unit in the box-type shell, covering a clay layer on the top of the water-bearing stratum, simulating a water-bearing stratum top plate and playing a role in isolating air; the thickness of the clay layer is 80-120 mm.
The aeration zone simulation device comprises an organic glass column and a medium filled in the organic glass column; the organic glass column is inserted into the clay layer and is vertical to the top surface of the box-type shell; the organic glass column is connected with the main body bracket by using the stainless steel bracket, the organic glass column does not contain a clay layer, and the bottom of the organic glass column is contacted with a water-bearing layer medium; filling media simulating a gas-coated lithologic structure are filled in the organic glass column, sampling ports are uniformly distributed on the organic glass column body, the specification of the sampling ports is the same as that of the sampling ports arranged on the box-type shell, and the sampling ports can be used for arranging sampling and in-situ monitoring equipment; the diameter of each organic glass column is 280-320 mm;
a plurality of organic glass tubes are arranged in the box-type shell and parallel to the organic glass columns; the pipe diameter of the organic glass pipe is 50-80 mm, and a hole with the diameter of 1-3 mm is formed in the pipe wall; the organic glass pipe is used for simulating a monitoring well, clay layer sections above the monitoring well are free of water seepage holes, the upper end of the organic glass pipe is sealed, an air inlet hole and an air outlet hole are formed, and the lower end of the organic glass pipe is connected with the bottom of the box-type shell; the air inlet is connected with an air inlet pipe, a hole with the diameter of 1-2 mm is formed in the pipe wall of the air inlet pipe, which is positioned in the organic glass pipe, and the air inlet pipe extends into the bottom of the box-type shell; the air inlet pipe is externally connected with a nitrogen storage device; the nitrogen gas helps to maintain the redox environment of the simulation device.
When filling media simulating the gas-coated lithologic structure are filled in the organic glass column, various pollution sources can be placed at different depths, and related in-situ monitoring probes are embedded simultaneously, wherein the monitoring probes are one or more of a water quality monitoring probe, a water level monitoring probe, a pH monitoring probe, an oxidation-reduction potential monitoring probe, a conductivity monitoring probe, a temperature monitoring probe and a dissolved oxygen monitoring probe.
The rainfall irrigation simulation device comprises a water tank, a water pipeline, a flowmeter, a valve and a shower head. By adjusting and controlling the property of the water source in the water tank, the influence of different external water sources such as simulated acid rain, polluted irrigation and the like with different pH values and various ion contents on the aeration zone and the migration and conversion of the pollution source in the aeration zone can be realized.
The invention forms a complete three-dimensional pollution simulation experiment method of vertical infiltration of the aeration zone and horizontal migration of the aquifer by adding various pollution sources at different depths in the aeration zone simulation device, three-dimensionally monitoring the migration and transformation of the pollution sources in the aeration zone and the migration and transformation process after the pollution sources enter the aquifer; in the pollution correlation simulation experiment method, the dynamic water level amplitude variation is simulated by adding the drugs into the rainfall simulation device, and the simulation of the migration and transformation of the pollutants in the aeration zone to the aquifer is realized in the pollution correlation simulation experiment.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following excellent effects:
1) the invention forms a perfect three-dimensional hydrogeological unit model of the aeration zone aquifer, can simulate the process that pollutants enter the underground aquifer from the aeration zone, simulate the migration and transformation process of the pollutants from the vertical direction to the horizontal direction, and collect relevant environmental parameters, can clearly observe the migration process of the pollutants in the aeration zone soil and the aquifer, and is convenient for deeply analyzing the solute migration and transformation rules of the pollutants in the aeration zone soil and the aquifer.
2) The invention changes the composition, structure and working principle of the original physical simulation device, realizes the organic combination of the aeration zone, the saturated zone and the aquifer, can meet the unsaturated seepage simulation of the soil in the aeration zone, has the capability of multidimensional flow simulation and three-dimensional monitoring, and highly reduces the migration and transformation path of pollutants in the aeration zone to the underground water and further diffuse.
3) The invention has simple structure, accurate measurement data and wide application; the migration and transformation path of the pollutants in the aeration zone-aquifer under different pollutants, different rainfall conditions and different groundwater flow field conditions can be simulated; the invention effectively prevents air from entering the inside of the simulation device, and highly restores the environmental characteristics of the aquifer of the aeration zone; the invention can simulate the vertical migration of the pollutants in the aeration zone, the diffusion migration of the pollutants in the water level fluctuation zone and the horizontal migration simulation of the pollutants in the aquifer, and can comprehensively and stereoscopically reduce the migration and transformation process of the pollutants in the aeration zone-underground water.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention relates to a side view schematic diagram of an aeration zone-underground water pollution associated simulation experiment platform
FIG. 2: the invention relates to a gas inclusion zone-underground water pollution associated simulation experiment platform plan view schematic diagram
Description of reference numerals:
1-dynamic water level simulation device, 2-aeration zone simulation device, 3-rainfall irrigation simulation device, 4-porous water permeable plate, 5-organic glass plate, 6-air inlet hole, 7-air outlet hole, 8-air inlet pipe, 9-nitrogen storage device, 10-water tank, 11-height adjustable device, 12-flowmeter, 13-valve, 14-water inlet, 15-water outlet, 16-sampling port, 17-clay layer, 18-organic glass column, 19-organic glass pipe, 20-water pipeline, 21-shower head simulation device
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying description and specific examples, but the invention is not to be construed as being limited thereto, and the following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The simulation experiment method is realized by a corresponding aeration zone-underground water pollution associated simulation experiment platform, and the simulation experiment platform comprises a dynamic water level simulation device 1, an aeration zone simulation device 2 and a rainfall irrigation simulation device 3.
The main body of the dynamic water level simulation device 1 is a box-type shell with a rectangular section, the box-type shell is formed by processing organic glass, and the periphery of the box-type shell is reinforced and supported by a stainless steel bracket; two parallel porous permeable plates 4 are arranged in the box-type shell, the two porous permeable plates 4 are respectively close to and parallel to one wall plate of the box-type shell, and the distance between the porous permeable plates 4 and the close wall plate is 100 mm; the surface of the porous permeable plate 4 is densely provided with water passing holes with the aperture of 2 mm; the lower edge of the porous permeable plate 4 is in sealing contact with the bottom plate of the box-type shell, the upper edge of the porous permeable plate is flush with the upper opening of the box-type shell, and the other two edges of the porous permeable plate 4 are vertical to and in sealing contact with the two parallel wall plates of the box-type shell; a free underwater surface is formed between the porous permeable plate 4 and the parallel and close wall plate, so that the local water level is prevented from being higher due to a single water dune formed by a water injection hole;
the upper part of the free diving surface is sealed by an organic glass plate 5, an air inlet hole 6 and an air outlet hole 7 are arranged on the glass plate, and the diameters of the air inlet hole 6 and the air outlet hole 7 are both 10 mm; the air inlet hole 6 is connected with an air inlet pipe 8 with the outer diameter of 10mm, the air inlet pipe 8 extends into the bottom of the box-type shell, and a hole with the diameter of 1mm is formed in the pipe wall of the part, inserted into the box-type shell, of the air inlet pipe 8; the air inlet pipe 8 is externally connected with a nitrogen storage device 9, and the exhaust hole 7 exhausts redundant gas, including air in an aquifer medium exhausted when the water level of the aquifer rises, so that the influence of the air on the oxidation-reduction environment of underground water is avoided;
a plurality of water inlets 14 are arranged on a wall plate of the box-type shell parallel to the porous permeable plate 4, and a plurality of water outlets 15 are arranged on the other wall plate parallel to the wall plate; the water inlet 14 and the water outlet 15 are uniformly distributed in three layers, namely, an upper layer and a lower layer, the aperture is 30mm, the distance between the upper layer and the lower layer is 250mm, the distance between the left layer and the right layer is 250mm, the water inlet 14 is connected with the water tank 10, a height-adjustable device 11 is arranged below the water tank 10, so that the free diving surface can be adjusted, and the water inlet 14 and the water outlet 15 are both provided with a flowmeter 12 and a valve 13; according to the water inlet and outlet holes corresponding to the water level switches, the design that a plurality of water inlet and outlet holes and the free water surface in the box body are uniform can simulate the runoff and drainage of underground water more effectively; meanwhile, the water inlet 14 and the water outlet 15 are mutually adjusted to realize the simulation and regulation of parameters such as the flow, the flow speed and the like of the underground water in the aquifer medium of the hydrogeological unit.
A plurality of sampling ports 16 made of organic glass tubes are uniformly arranged on two side wall plates of the box-type shell vertical to the porous water permeable plate 4, and the diameter of the organic glass is 20 mm; an in-situ monitoring instrument or a sealing film is installed on each sampling port 16, the sealing mode of each sampling port 16 is that sealing adhesive films are pasted on two sides, quartz sand and purified water are filled in holes, and air is isolated, so that the inside of the simulation device is kept undisturbed.
Filling a water-bearing stratum medium for simulating a hydrogeological unit in the box-type shell, covering a clay layer 17 on the top of the water-bearing stratum, simulating a water-bearing stratum top plate and playing a role in isolating air; the clay layer 17 has a thickness of 100 mm.
A round skylight is arranged in a clay layer 17, an organic glass column 18 is placed, the organic glass column 18 is connected with a main body support through a stainless steel support, the bottom of the organic glass column 18 is in contact with a water-bearing stratum medium, a filling medium simulating a petrographic structure of an aeration zone is filled in the organic glass column 18, sampling ports 16 are uniformly distributed on a column body of the organic glass column 18, the specification of the sampling ports is the same as that of sampling ports arranged on a box-type shell, and the sampling ports can be used for arranging sampling and in-situ monitoring equipment; the diameters of the round skylight and the organic glass column 18 are both 300 mm; the plexiglass column 18 and its internal filling medium form the gas-enclosed belt simulator 2.
A plurality of organic glass tubes 19 are arranged in the box-type shell and parallel to the organic glass columns 18 and are uniformly distributed around the organic glass columns 18; the diameter of the organic glass tube 19 is 70mm, and the tube wall is provided with a hole with the diameter of 2 mm; the organic glass tube 19 is used for simulating a monitoring well, clay layer sections above the monitoring well are free of water seepage holes, the upper end of the organic glass tube is sealed, an air inlet hole 6 and an air outlet hole 7 are arranged, and the lower end of the organic glass tube is connected with the bottom of the box-type shell; the air inlet hole 6 is connected with an air inlet pipe 8, a hole with the diameter of 1mm is formed in the air inlet pipe 8, and the air inlet pipe 8 extends into the bottom of the box-type shell; the air inlet pipe 8 is externally connected with a nitrogen storage device 9; the nitrogen helps to maintain the redox environment of the simulation device;
when filling media simulating the gas-coated lithologic structure are filled in the organic glass column 18, various pollution sources can be placed at different depths, and related in-situ monitoring probes are embedded at the same time, wherein the monitoring probes are one or more of a water quality monitoring probe, a water level monitoring probe, a pH monitoring probe, an oxidation-reduction potential monitoring probe, an electric conductivity monitoring probe, a temperature monitoring probe and a dissolved oxygen monitoring probe;
the rainfall irrigation simulation device 3 includes a water tank 10, a water pipe 20, a flow meter 12, and a shower head 21. By regulating and controlling the water source property in the water tank 10, the influence of different external water sources such as simulated acid rain, pollution irrigation and the like with different pH values and various ion contents on the aeration zone and the migration and conversion of the pollution source in the aeration zone can be realized.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. An aeration zone-underground water pollution correlation simulation experiment method is characterized in that the experiment method is realized by depending on an aeration zone-underground water pollution correlation simulation experiment platform; the experimental platform comprises a dynamic water level simulation device, an aeration zone simulation device and a rainfall irrigation simulation device;
the main body of the dynamic water level simulation device is a box-type shell with a rectangular section, two parallel porous permeable plates are arranged inside the box-type shell, the porous permeable plates are respectively close to and parallel to one wall plate of the box-type shell, and the distance between the porous permeable plates and the close wall plate is 80-120 mm; the surface of the porous permeable plate is provided with water passing holes with the aperture of 1-3 mm; the lower edge of the porous permeable plate is in sealing contact with the bottom plate of the box-type shell, the upper edge of the porous permeable plate is flush with the upper opening of the box-type shell, and the other two edges of the porous permeable plate are perpendicular to and in sealing contact with the two parallel wall plates of the box-type shell;
a free underwater surface is formed between the porous permeable plate and the parallel and close wall plate, an organic glass plate is sealed above the free underwater surface, and the organic glass plate is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet; the diameters of an air inlet hole and an air outlet hole of the organic glass plate are both 8-12 mm; the air inlet hole of the organic glass plate is connected with an air inlet pipe of the organic glass plate with the outer diameter equal to the diameter of the air inlet hole, and the air inlet pipe of the organic glass plate extends into the bottom of the box-type shell; the air inlet pipe of the organic glass plate is inserted into a hole with the diameter of 1-2 mm formed in the pipe wall of the box-type shell; the air inlet pipe of the organic glass plate is externally connected with a nitrogen storage device;
a plurality of water inlets are formed in the wall plate of the box-type shell parallel to the porous permeable plate, and a plurality of water outlets are formed in the other wall plate parallel to the wall plate; the water inlet is connected with the water tank, the height-adjustable device is arranged below the water tank, and the water inlet and the water outlet are provided with a flowmeter and a valve;
a plurality of sampling ports are uniformly arranged on two side wall plates of the box-type shell vertical to the porous water permeable plate, and the diameter of each sampling port is 10-20 mm; a sealing film is arranged on each sampling port; filling quartz sand and purified water in the sampling port;
a water-bearing stratum medium for simulating a hydrogeological unit is filled in the box-type shell, and a clay layer for simulating a water-bearing stratum top plate is covered at the top of the box-type shell; the thickness of the clay layer is 80-120 mm;
the aeration zone simulation device comprises an organic glass column and a medium filled in the organic glass column; the organic glass column is inserted into the clay layer and is vertical to the top surface of the box-type shell; the organic glass column does not contain a clay layer, and the bottom of the organic glass column is in contact with a water-bearing stratum medium;
an organic glass tube parallel to the organic glass column is arranged in the box-type shell; the pipe diameter of the organic glass pipe is 50-80 mm, and holes with the diameter of 1-3 mm are formed in the pipe wall; the upper end of the organic glass tube is sealed, an air inlet hole and an air outlet hole are arranged, and the lower end of the organic glass tube is connected with the bottom of the box-type shell; the air inlet of the organic glass pipe is connected with the air inlet pipe of the organic glass pipe, the air inlet pipe of the organic glass pipe is positioned on the pipe wall in the organic glass pipe and is provided with a hole with the diameter of 1-2 mm, and the air inlet pipe of the organic glass pipe extends into the bottom of the box-type shell; the air inlet pipe of the organic glass pipe is externally connected with a nitrogen storage device.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the internal packing medium of the plexiglas column is a packing medium that simulates an interband lithologic structure; sampling ports are uniformly distributed on the organic glass column body; the diameter of the organic glass column is 280-320 mm.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein different depths of the packing medium inside the plexiglas column are provided with a contamination source and an in-situ monitoring probe; the in-situ monitoring probe is one or more of a water level monitoring probe, a pH monitoring probe, an oxidation-reduction potential monitoring probe, an electric conductivity monitoring probe, a temperature monitoring probe and a dissolved oxygen monitoring probe.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the rainfall irrigation simulation device comprises a water tank, a water conduit, a flow meter, a valve, and a shower head.
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