CN103987972A - 构件连接机构 - Google Patents

构件连接机构 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103987972A
CN103987972A CN201380004248.9A CN201380004248A CN103987972A CN 103987972 A CN103987972 A CN 103987972A CN 201380004248 A CN201380004248 A CN 201380004248A CN 103987972 A CN103987972 A CN 103987972A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
fastening piece
bindiny mechanism
head
base components
shape
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201380004248.9A
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English (en)
Inventor
C·兰克瑙
E·菲泽
J·万尼克尔克
S·策希
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Publication of CN103987972A publication Critical patent/CN103987972A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/04—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of riveting
    • F16B5/045—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of riveting without the use of separate rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D27/00—Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units
    • B62D27/02—Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units rigid
    • B62D27/026—Connections by glue bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
    • B23K33/004—Filling of continuous seams
    • B23K33/008—Filling of continuous seams for automotive applications
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/58—Snap connection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/64—Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/782—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/7823—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined by using distance pieces, i.e. by using spacers positioned between the parts to be joined and forming a part of the joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D27/00—Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units
    • B62D27/02—Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units rigid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/06—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips
    • F16B5/0607—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other
    • F16B5/0621—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship
    • F16B5/065—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship the plates being one on top of the other and distanced from each other, e.g. by using protrusions to keep contact and distance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/06—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips
    • F16B5/0607—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other
    • F16B5/0621—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship
    • F16B5/0664—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship at least one of the sheets or plates having integrally formed or integrally connected snap-in-features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
    • B23K2101/185—Tailored blanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/16—Composite materials, e.g. fibre reinforced
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3002—Superstructures characterized by combining metal and plastics, i.e. hybrid parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/737—Articles provided with holes, e.g. grids, sieves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
    • F16B19/02—Bolts or sleeves for positioning of machine parts, e.g. notched taper pins, fitting pins, sleeves, eccentric positioning rings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T403/7075—Interfitted members including discrete retainer

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种构件连接机构，其包括：第一构件(1)，从该第一构件凸起至少一个第一阳紧固件(3)；第二构件(2)，该第二构件具有至少一个阴紧固件(5)，所述阳紧固件***所述阴紧固件中，其中，至少所述第一构件由纤维增强的塑料材料构成。

Description

构件连接机构
技术领域
本发明涉及一种如权利要求1前序部分所述的构件连接机构。
背景技术
由DE 10 2010 028 322 A1已知一种这样的构件连接机构。
在机动车车身的大批量生产中，要尽可能自动化地组装许多单体的车身部件以及安装附件，诸如支架等等。在拼合过程中，首先要将两个或多个车身部件彼此相对定位，接着再将其相互连接，例如通过焊接、咬合连接或者通过其他工艺方法。而在机动车制造中，又对于许多其他应用场合，“轻质结构”主题的体现愈加重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种构件连接机构，该构件连接机构特别适合于轻质结构应用。
这个目的通过权利要求1的特征得以实现。本发明的一些有益构造和发展设计可由从属权利要求中获得。
本发明的出发点乃是这样一种构件连接机构，其具有第一构件，从该第一构件凸起至少一个第一阳“紧固件”。所说第一构件例如可以是机动车构件，特别是待制造的机动车车身的车身构件。作为此外的可选方案，所说第一构件也可以是“非机动车构件”。
另外，所述构件连接机构还具有第二构件，该第二构件具有至少一个“阴紧固件”，阳紧固件***或者夹紧于该阴紧固件中。阴紧固件例如可以由圆形的孔、长孔、匙孔状的(schlüssellochartig)孔、多角或类似形状的孔构成。它可以从第二构件中冲压而成。冲裁/冲压边缘可以从第二构件(例如垂直地)凸起地(“夹紧凸缘”)弯卷(所谓的“翻边孔(Kragenloch)”)。
所说第二构件例如可以是机动车构件，或者也可以是非机动车构件。
本发明的核心在于：至少对于两构件之一来说是涉及一种由纤维增强的塑料材料构成的构件。
因此，这样的构件连接机构例如可考虑用于制造完全或部分地由纤维增强塑料构件组成的机动车车身。特别是可以规定：两构件由不同的材料构成(“混合结构连接”)。例如，第一构件可以是纤维增强的塑料构件(特别是碳纤维增强的塑料构件)，而第二构件可以是金属构件诸如钢构件或铝构件。第一构件特别是可以利用所谓的“湿压法”制成。
根据本发明的一个发展设计规定：两构件通过一个或多个这样的构件连接机构相互连接。可以规定：至少一个上述构件连接机构用于将两构件预固定或者说有针对性地为此所用。紧固件能够实现对两构件的一种预固定，其优点在于：这些构件在紧固件组合插接之后就立刻能够作为结构组件进行运输或移动，而它们的相对位置不变。
换言之，两构件通过上述构件连接机构被置入一个预先规定的相对位置中并且在紧固件“组合插接”之后持久地相互固定连接，例如通过粘合、螺接、焊接、铆接(特别是通过盲铆)或者通过其他的连接工艺方法。对于一个构件由纤维增强塑料材料构成或者两个构件均由纤维增强塑料材料构成的构件连接机构，特别是可考虑对构件进行粘合。
根据本发明的一个发展设计规定：两构件通过两紧固件彼此夹紧并且因此至少借助一定的“预固定力”保持在一起。如果构件接着被持久地彼此固定连接的话，例如通过粘合，那么这些构件就没有必要非得附加地通过夹装或夹紧装置夹装在一起。在紧固件的相应的设计中，由紧固件施加的夹紧力能够足以将两构件在粘结剂硬化阶段期间充分稳固地保持在一起。因此本发明的构件连接机构允许弃用单独的夹装或夹紧装置。由此首先是直接产生了成本优势。
另一个可以看到的优点在于：两构件在它们的连接区域内、亦即它们被相互粘合的那个位置是可以自由接近的。这种可自由接近性使得加热装置(例如红外线辐射器)的使用更加容易，该加热装置可能是为实现粘结剂更快硬化所需要的。
根据本发明的一个发展设计规定：阳紧固件完全或至少部分地由热塑性塑料材料构成。热塑性塑料材料价格低廉、易于加工。因此在注射成型法中能够产生最为多样化的形状。热塑性塑料材料不腐蚀并能够实现相对其他材料的“电流隔断”。
阳紧固件可以与一个“基础元件”连接成一体。该基础元件可以由与阳紧固件相同的材料构成。基础元件可以构造成板状的，例如圆形的、矩形的、方形的、三角形的板等。作为此外的可选方案，基础元件也可以具有拱曲的形状。
为了实现与第一构件尽可能良好和稳固的连接，可以规定：基础元件“嵌入”第一构件中。所说“嵌入”意味着：基础元件完全或至少部分地被第一构件所容纳。优选地，基础元件以其面向第一构件的下侧面和以其整个环绕的边缘或者至少以该边缘的部分区域或一定的部分高度嵌入到第一构件中。
基础元件的背向第一构件的上侧面可以、但没有必要非得嵌入第一构件之中。确切地说，可以规定：基础元件的上侧面(阳紧固件从该上侧面凸起，)与第一构件的上侧面基本上在一个平面内或者平滑地或大致平滑地过渡到所述第一构件的上侧面中。特别是，基础元件的上侧面也可以构造成拱曲的，如果第一构件的与其相接的侧面具有相应拱曲形的话。
如上面已经述及的那样，从第一构件凸起的阳紧固件被***或被夹紧到设置于第二构件内的阴紧固件中。为了实现在紧固件区域内两构件之间的预定的最小间距，可以规定：在基础元件的上侧面上设置有至少一个起到用于第二构件的定距件作用的隆突。这样的“最小间距”特别是在两构件应该相互粘合在一起时具有意义，以便保证：当将两构件通过紧固件夹紧到一起时，在两构件之间保留有足够量的粘结剂。如果没有这种紧固件的话，将会产生在过高夹紧力时过多粘结剂从位于两构件之间的间隙中被挤出的危险，这样可能会对相互粘合之构件的强度产生不利影响。
附图说明
下文将结合附图进一步详细地阐述本发明。附图中示出：
图1为具有球形阳紧固件的第一实施例；
图2为具有销状阳紧固件的实施例，该紧固件的头部被塑性变形；
以及
图3为具有阳紧固件的实施例，该紧固件具有一个弹性的头部。
具体实施方式
图1示出了两个在其连接之前的构件1、2。第一构件1涉及的是一个由纤维增强的塑料材料制成的构件。在构件1中可以分布设置例如碳纤维、玻璃纤维或其他材料制成的纤维，这些纤维对构件1予以加强。纤维可以例如精细分布地存在或存在于纺织的结构组织中，例如形式上为针织物、编织物、稀松布、织品布料等等。这样的纤维增强塑料构件在注射模具中或在压注模具中制造。首先，将纤维状材料例如以所谓“预制坯料”的形式置入注射模具中。接着，将液态的塑料材料例如合成树脂注入注射模具中并进行硬化。
在图1中示出的构件1的特征是：在上侧面1a的区域中有一个阳紧固件3“嵌入”到纤维增强的塑料构件1中。该阳紧固件3具有一个球头或球形的或者说球状的头部3a，该头部通过一个销状的连接部段3b与一个板状的基础元件3c连接。头部3a、连接部段3b和基础元件3c在此相互连接成一体。它们可以由同一种材料、例如热塑性塑料材料制成。
如从图1中可以看出的那样，阳紧固件3以下侧面3d和以环绕的边缘3e嵌入纤维增强的塑料构件1中。基础元件3c的背向纤维增强塑料构件1的上侧面3f在此基本上“平滑地”过渡到纤维增强塑料构件1的上侧面1a中。
如从图1中可以看出的那样，从基础元件3c的上侧面3f凸起两个起到定距件作用的隆突4a、4b。取代两个隆突，也可以设置一个环状环绕的定距件。
图1中示出的第二构件2具有一个由通孔5构成的“阴紧固件”。该通孔5是这样确定尺寸的，即，使阳紧固件或者说其头部3a能够穿过该通孔5***，在头部3a往通孔5***时，头部3a和/或通孔5在一定范围内弹性变形。在头部3a穿过通孔5之后，第二构件2的下侧面2a靠置于定距件4a、4b的上侧面上，通过这种方式保证了两构件1、2之间的确定的间距。由于头部3a和通孔5的弹性之故，两构件1、2被两个紧固件3、5夹紧到一起并且附加地被形状锁合地彼此保持在一起。
在两构件1、2夹紧在一起之后，便可将它们持久地相互连接起来，例如通过焊接、铆接、螺接等。但是这两个构件1、2可以特别地或附加地相互粘合，其中，借助定距件4a、4b保证了：涂覆到上侧面1a上的粘结剂或者加入到两构件1、2之间的中间空隙内的粘结剂能够保留在那里而不会大量地被紧固件3、5挤出。
图2示出一个实施例，在该实施例中，阳紧固件3具有销或者榫的形状。在阳紧固件3***并穿过设置在第二构件2中的通孔5之后，可以使榫3的从通孔5中伸出的自由端部塑性变形，例如通过对销3的自由端部进行加温或者加热和/或通过使该自由端部机械变形。
图3示出一个实施例，在该实施例中，阳紧固件3具有一个弹性的头部部段3a，该头部部段在其形状方面类似于带槽螺栓的头部的形状。头部3a是有弹性的，因而它可以被挤压穿过设置在第二构件2中的、尺寸略小的通孔5，该头部3a在挤压穿过时发生弹性变形。在头部3a挤压穿过之后，这个头部又重新膨胀并且如图3所示形状锁合地搭接通孔5，由此便将两构件1、2保持在一起。

Claims (18)

1.构件连接机构，其包括：
·第一构件(1)，从该第一构件(1)凸起至少一个第一阳紧固件(3)，
·第二构件(2)，该第二构件具有至少一个阴紧固件(5)，所述阳紧固件(3)***所述阴紧固件中，
其特征在于：至少所述第一构件(1)由纤维增强的塑料材料构成。
2.如权利要求1所述的构件连接机构，其特征在于：两构件通过两紧固件(3，5)相互夹紧在一起。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的构件连接机构，其特征在于：所述阳紧固件(3)由塑料材料构成。
4.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的构件连接机构，其特征在于：所述阳紧固件(3)由与所述第一构件(1)不同的塑料材料构成。
5.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的构件连接机构，其特征在于：所述阳紧固件(3)部分地或完全地由热塑性塑料材料构成。
6.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的构件连接机构，其特征在于：所述阳紧固件(3)具有头状的元件(3a)，该元件与基础元件(3c)相连，其中，头状的部段(3a)与基础元件(3c)由相同材料构成。
7.如权利要求6所述的构件连接机构，其特征在于：所述基础元件(3c)嵌入所述第一构件(1)中。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的构件连接机构，其特征在于：所述基础元件(3c)具有板的形状。
9.如权利要求6至8之任一项所述的构件连接机构，其特征在于：所述头状的元件(3a)从所述基础元件(3c)的上侧面(3f)凸起，所述基础元件的上侧面与所述第一构件(1)的上侧面(1a)基本上在一个平面内或者平滑地过渡到所述第一构件(1)的上侧面(1a)中。
10.如权利要求6至9之任一项所述的构件连接机构，其特征在于：在所述基础元件(3c)的上侧面(3f)上设置有至少一个起到用于所述第二构件(2)的定距件作用的隆突(4a，4b)。
11.如权利要求1至10之任一项所述的构件连接机构，其特征在于：两构件(1，2)相互粘合在一起。
12.如权利要求1至11之任一项所述的构件连接机构，其特征在于：两构件(1，2)相互铆接在一起。
13.如权利要求1至12之任一项所述的构件连接机构，其特征在于：第一和/或第二构件是机动车构件，特别是机动车车身构件。
14.如权利要求1至13之任一项所述的构件连接机构，其特征在于：所述阳紧固件具有头状的部段3a，该部段具有球体的形状、球体一部分的形状或者类似球体的形状。
15.如权利要求1至13之任一项所述的构件连接机构，其特征在于：所述阳紧固件(3)具有销的形状，该销带有与所述阴紧固件搭接的头部(3a)。
16.如权利要求15所述的构件连接机构，其特征在于：所述销的自由端部被塑性变形成头部。
17.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的构件连接机构，其特征在于：所述销的自由端部具有弹性的、头状的元件，该元件与所述阴紧固件(5)形状锁合地搭接。
18.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的构件连接机构，其特征在于：所述阴紧固件(5)由圆形的孔、长孔、翻边孔或者匙孔状的孔构成。
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