CN103947441A - Method for relay intercropping silage corn in single-culture alfalfa field in summer - Google Patents
Method for relay intercropping silage corn in single-culture alfalfa field in summer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for relay intercropping a silage corn in a single-culture alfalfa field in summer. The method comprises the following steps: A. sowing the alfalfa in lines; B. cradling the alfalfa and performing field management: the cradling action for the second time is performed on the premise of irrigation five days before or that the soil moisture content after rain is appropriate; C. interplanting the corn, in the same day when the alfalfa is cradled for the second time, sowing the corn directly; D. managing the corn: dressing 60 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 25 kg of urea per mu for the corn in the bell stage, and immediately watering or applying during raining; E. cradling the alfalfa: in the corn growth period, not cradling the alfalfa; F. harvesting the corn: using a cornstalk silage harvester to remove stubbles and harvest the alfalfa, and mixing the corn and the alfalfa to be ensiled. The method makes full use of time and space difference between the alfalfa and the corn in the growth process, takes full advantage of the land source, and completely uses the water resource and photo-thermal resource from July to September, to improve the comprehensive grass yield, make up insufficient yield of the alfalfa in summer, and also solves the problem that the alfalfa is difficult to harvest in the rainy season.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nonoculture alfalfa field interplanting in summer silage corn implantation methods, be particularly useful for Huang-Huai-Hai plain ALFALFA PRODUCTION, belong to forage grass relay interplanting planting technical field.
Background technology
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is called for short clover, is the longest, the area of cultivation history leguminous forage the most widely in world wide.Clover belongs to happiness Wen Liang and arid habit crop, 20～25 ℃ of optimum growth temperatures, its poor heat resistance.The summer of Temperate Region in China alfalfa growing present " dormancy " relatively state, cause grass yield significantly to decline, 1-2 stubble grass output accounts for the more than 60% of annual production, and plot in rainy season, clover field is moist simultaneously, be difficult to carry out mechanized harvest, and ensiling and airing more difficult.China Huang-Huai-Hai 7-9 month is rainy season, be also relatively sufficient period of water, fertilizer, light, temperature, thermal resource, and clover is difficult to effective utilization, thereby causes the wasting of resources, and land utilization rate is not high.
At present, clover and corn intercropping plant research report are more both at home and abroad, comparatively common with two kinds of alternate plantations of crop strip-type.Intercropping is the plantation of being separated by of clover and other crop bands, is distributed in different spaces, and two kinds of crops are independent of respectively two different spaces and exist, and this planting patterns is helpless to improve land utilization rate.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of nonoculture alfalfa field interplanting in summer silage corn implantation methods, utilize the seasonal photo-thermal water resources condition in Huang-Huai-Hai, in alfalfa ground, interplant silage corn, to improve land utilization rate and Silage annual production.
Nonoculture alfalfa field interplanting in summer silage corn implantation methods of the present invention, technical scheme comprises the steps:
A, clover sowing, clover drilling, sowing line-spacing adopts wide-and narrow-row mode to carry out, wide row 40cm, narrow row 20cm; Seed level 1-2cm, the amount of broadcasting 1-1.5kg/ mu;
B, clover cradle and field management: the time that cradles for the 1st time, in 10-15 day in May, cradles 15-20 day June time the 2nd time; While cradling for the 2nd time the principles of action select to cradle first 5 days and pour water or rain after soil moisture content when suitable;
C, interplanting corn: clover, cradle iron stubble sowing immediately on the 2nd batch of same day, can avoid alfalfa growing excessive velocities, silage corn is formed to closing seedling stage;
D, Corn production management: corn is in the typhon mouth phase, i.e. the corn plant height 50-70cm in field, every mu imposes carbon ammonium 60kg or urea 25kg, and waters immediately or apply with precipitation;
E, clover cradle: during corn growth, clover does not cradle;
F, harvest corn: in mid-September, gather in the crops silage corn early dough stage, silage corn stubble is used the clear stubble of corn straw silage harvest machinery and results clover, by 2 mixed silages;
G, clover regeneration: after harvest corn, clover Natural re generation, alfalfa growing is unaffected;
H, clover turn green: spring in next year, clover period of seedling establishment sprayed the clean management of weeds of lucerne grass when soil and air humidity are all higher; Can impose superphosphate 40kg/ mu, urea 10kg/ mu or diammonium phosphate 30kg/ mu, and water immediately.
Described nonoculture alfalfa field interplanting in summer silage corn implantation methods, the clover sowing autumn sowing described in steps A sow in spring all can, sow in spring at early and middle ten days in April, autumn sowing was advisable with mid or late August.
Described nonoculture alfalfa field interplanting in summer silage corn implantation methods, clover should be broadcast front moisture creating as soil drought during sowing, treats that soil moisture content is suitable, and meticulous whole ground, applies base fertilizer: composite fertilizer 50kg/ mu or high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure 2000～3000 ㎏/mus.
Described nonoculture alfalfa field interplanting in summer silage corn implantation methods, the corn seeding described in step C is in the wide row of clover, and Row spacing of maize is 60cm, and density of reserved seedlings 4000-4500 plant/acre determines suitable seeding quantity according to density, seed level 3-5cm.
The technological progress effect of nonoculture alfalfa field interplanting in summer silage corn implantation methods of the present invention comprises:
1, make full use of time, the space parallax of the process of growth of clover and corn, land resources is made full use of, especially at Rural Plain Areas, Hebei province army provisions, strive under the actual environment on ground, brought into play soil, edge and utilized potentiality, reached agricultural production and on limited arable land, createed the basic goal of more product.
2, make full use of water resource and photo-thermal resource.The 7-9 month is rainy season, but 7-9 month alfalfa output is lower, and efficiency of water application is not high; Plantation silage corn can make water utilization rate be improved largely.Clover and corn can make full use of the photo-thermal energy of different levels, have increased light-receiving area, have improved photosynthetic efficiency, have improved yield and quality.
3, improve careless output and breeding benefit.Interplanting silage corn cropping pattern can be gathered in the crops higher forage yield, has made up clover underproduce summer, has improved planting benefit, can drive the increase of aquaculture economic benefit simultaneously.
4, solved clover results in a rainy season processing difficult problem.Hebei Plain agriculture district Summer Rainfall is more concentrated, clover can not or difficult results, airing, ensiling etc., cause production loss, this measure only needs less input just can obtain compared with high production, also makes this difficult problem effectively be solved simultaneously.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
2 mu are taken up an area in view of water experiment station, academy of agricultural sciences, 30 in August, 2012 Hebei province, carry out interplanting test, and wherein flat planting clover (wide-and narrow-row and wait line-spacing), flat planting corn, cover deal with (wide-and narrow-row) and respectively take up an area 0.5 mu.
Clover autumn sowing, broadcasts front moisture creating, treats that soil moisture content is suitable, meticulous whole ground, 50 kgs/acre of Bo Qian bottom application composite fertilizers (N, P, K content 45%), seed level 2cm (upper seeding), the amount of broadcasting 1.5kg/ mu.Clover flat planting line-spacing such as establishes at line-spacing, 2 processing of wide-and narrow-row, and interplanting is treated to wide-and narrow-row and processes, and each takes up an area 0.5 mu, and waiting line-spacing to process line-spacing is 30cm, and wide-and narrow-row is processed the wide row 40cm of line-spacing, narrow row 20cm;
On June 25th, 2013 is sowed silage corn with precipitation in clover field, every 2 row clovers, sow 1 row, at wide row 40cm, in the ranks sow, flat planting silage corn area is 0.5 mu simultaneously, flat planting and cover deal with density of reserved seedlings and are 4000 plants/acre, precision drilling, final singling work between having saved, when silage corn is emerged, clover does not form closing phenomenon, because precipitation is sufficient, do not carry out any irrigation, base fertilizer is sufficient, does not topdress;
Line-spacing clover, the flat planting wide-and narrow-row clovers such as flat plantings in 2013, flat planting silage corn, cover deal with and all select 3 points to survey product, each some area 10m
2, stubble height 3-5cm.Flat planting clover cradles 5 batches the whole year, and defoliation date is respectively May 12, June 25, July 23, August 25, and October 5, wide-and narrow-row and line-spacing such as grade are processed fresh careless output and be respectively 100202.8kg/hm
2, 97666.7kg/hm
2, indifference between flat planting clover different spacings.
Cover deals with and cradles 2 batches of clovers on May 12nd, 2013, June 25, and cover deals with yield of alfalfa 60727.1kg/hm
2, silage corn growing period clover is not gathered in the crops, and September 24 surveyed product by silage corn, and cover deals with the fresh careless output of silage corn and is respectively 55268.5kg/hm
2; Flat silage corn results on September 24, the fresh careless output 57416.1kg/hm of doing
2, combined harvester stubble height is answered 25cm left and right, and silage corn stubble can be used the high-order clear stubble of existing stubble harvest machinery in production, and too low meeting destroys clover root system, and clover and silage corn stubble can be packed up simultaneously, are conducive to clover regeneration.After September silage corn results, clover Natural re generation, alfalfa growing is not affected.Clover plant height 35cm on November 20 left and right.
On March 15th, 2014, clover all normally turned green, growing state indifference, and therefore cover is broadcast silage corn to not impact of growth in the 2nd year.On May 1st, 2014 plant height 105-110cm, growth potential is stronger, carries out cradling for the 1st time survey producing, wherein wide-and narrow-row and wait that line-spacing is flat is respectively 31828.7kg/hm as yield of alfalfa
2, 32791.7kg/hm
2; Wide-and narrow-row and silage corn such as interplanting such as line-spacing such as grade are processed yield of alfalfa and are respectively 33879.6kg/hm
2, 34217.6kg/hm
2, a little higher than flat planting clover, therefore cover broadcast that silage corn is turned green to clover and the 2nd annual production without negative effect.
Experimental scheme scheme and result are as follows:
Randomized arrangement mode, clover community area 16.5m are taked in test
2, the long 5.5m of row, 10Hang district, cradles 5 batches every year, and the 1st time defoliation date carried out in squaring period mid-May, stubble height 3-5cm.Line-spacing such as establishes at line-spacing, 2 processing of wide-and narrow-row, waits line-spacing and wide-and narrow-row to process line-spacing and is respectively 30cm, 20-40cm; 5 of interplanting crop species, planting patterns comprises Gao Dancao, silage corn, fodder food beans, draws crotons, 5 kinds of crops of millet and flat (without interplanting) the totally 6 kinds of modes that compare; Test totally 12 combinations, repeat for 3 times.Be provided with 5 kinds of crop Ping Zuo communities simultaneously, do not establish repetition.Clover and silage corn are surveyed product area and are 10.8m
2.
1, First Year result of the test statistics
1-1, careless output comparison:
Within 2012, result of the test is in Table 1, to do clover higher to put down for annual yield of alfalfa and hay yield, interplanting clover has minimizing in various degree, and it is less that interplanting fodder is eaten beans, millet is processed alfalfa output amount of decrease, and it is larger that crotons, silage corn are drawn in interplanting, Gao Dancao processes amount of decrease; Interplanting silage corn has been obtained higher output, and all kinds of interplanting crop yields from high to low order are Gao Dancao, silage corn, draw crotons, millet, fodder to eat beans; Not obvious Deng difference between line-spacing and wide-and narrow-row, but wide-and narrow-row is more conducive to production operation.Comprehensive benefit is higher with the high red grass of interplanting and silage corn, puts down and takes second place as clover, and it is lower that interplanting draws crotons, millet and fodder food beans to process benefit.
Table 12012 year different disposal grass output and comprehensive benefit application form
1-2, efficiency of water application and Land Equivalent Ratio
Interplanting silage corn in 2012 and Gao Dan grass efficiency of water application are done clover apparently higher than flat, in Table 2.Deng line-spacing and wide-and narrow-row indifference; It is higher that interplanting silage corn is processed Land Equivalent Ratio, is only second to millet, and high red careless Land Equivalent Ratio is minimum.Wide-and narrow-row process be equal to or higher than etc. the Land Equivalent Ratio of line-spacing, illustrate that wide-and narrow-row is better than fixedly line-spacing, also meet need of production.
Table 22012 year different disposal efficiency of water application and Land Equivalent Ratio statistical form
2, the 2nd year result of the test statistics
Field management in the 2nd year: complete the 2nd for 2013 and take turns test.This is taken turns, and test is flat to be cradled 5 times as clover, and the time is respectively on May 14th, 2013, June 24, July 31, September 7, October 7, and interplanting crop is processed and cradles altogether 3 times, is respectively on May 14th, 2013, June 24, September 27.
June 24 was sowed interplanting crop immediately, and interplanting crop is sowed with precipitation, and within addition with 2012 years, way to manage is identical, and this processing method can not cause clover to form closing phenomenon to interplanting crop.Gathered in the crops silage corn on September 25.
2-1, careless output
The high red grass of front 2 batches of alfalfa output interplantings in spring and draw crotons to process lower than flat and do clover, and interplanting silage corn, millet, the peaceful alfalfa output of doing of fodder food beans do not exert an influence, therefore, in 5 kinds of covers deal with, interplanting silage corn is processed and is behaved oneself best in Table 3.During interplanting crop, put down and cradle 3 times as clover, and the clover of interplanting only cradles 1 time, therefore put down and make alfalfa output higher than interplanting clover; Interplanting alfalfa output presents in various degree and to reduce, influenced less with interplanting millet, silage corn, with high red grass with draw crotons impact larger.Interplanting crop is higher with Gao Dancao, silage corn grass output, and therefore, interplanting silage corn is the most reasonable.30 line-spacings and 20-40 line-spacing difference are not obvious.Interplanting silage corn comprehensive benefit is better than the flat clover that does, and the flat clover results, airing, ensiling done all have difficulties, so interplanting silage corn is a kind of good cropping pattern that solves a production difficult problem.
Table 32013 year different disposal grass output and comprehensive benefit application form
2-2, efficiency of water application and Land Equivalent Ratio
What efficiency of water application in 2013 was higher is interplanting silage corn and Gao Dan grass 2 class crops, in Table 4.Apparently higher than putting down, do clover; Interplanting silage corn Land Equivalent Ratio is higher, is only second to interplanting Gao Dancao; Interplanting silage corn and Gao Dancao process with wide-and narrow-row Land Equivalent Ratio higher than waiting line-spacing, and the more convenient production farming of wide-and narrow-row operates.
Table 42013 year different disposal efficiency of water application and Land Equivalent Ratio statistical form
Note: clover and the growth same period of interplanting crop while calculating efficiency of water application, share pour water, precipitation, therefore utilize the two to mix output and calculate, but two kinds of crops of clover and interplanting crop mix, the meaning of output is worth to be discussed.
3, conclusion (of pressure testing):
Comprehensive 2 years result of the tests, interplanting silage corn is optimization process.Adopt wide row 40cm, narrow row 20cm line-spacing mode planting clover field, the clover field interplanting silage corn in planting more than 1 year, after clover is gathered in the crops 2 batches spring, sow clover, the date is about mid or late June; Silage corn sowing timing cradles the same day the 2nd batch of clover, the method for guaranteeing the opportunity of sowing be pour water or precipitation after cradle in good time, accomplish that a water is dual-purpose; Silage corn growing period does not carry out clover results, late September clover with silage corn, gather in the crops together.
Foregoing description only proposes as several enforceable technical schemes of nonoculture alfalfa field interplanting in summer silage corn implantation methods of the present invention, not as the Single restriction condition to its technical scheme itself.
Claims (4)
1. nonoculture alfalfa field interplanting in summer silage corn implantation methods, its feature comprises the steps:
A, clover sowing, clover drilling, sowing line-spacing adopts wide-and narrow-row mode to carry out, wide row 40cm, narrow row 20cm; Seed level 1-2cm, the amount of broadcasting 1-1.5kg/ mu;
B, clover cradle and field management: the time that cradles for the 1st time, in 10-15 day in May, cradles 15-20 day June time the 2nd time; While cradling for the 2nd time the principles of action select to cradle first 5 days and pour water or rain after soil moisture content when suitable;
C, interplanting corn: clover, cradle iron stubble sowing immediately on the 2nd batch of same day, can avoid alfalfa growing excessive velocities, silage corn is formed to closing seedling stage;
D, Corn production management: corn is in the typhon mouth phase, i.e. the corn plant height 50-70cm in field, every mu imposes carbon ammonium 60kg or urea 25kg, and waters immediately or apply with precipitation;
E, clover cradle: during corn growth, clover does not cradle;
F, harvest corn: in mid-September, gather in the crops silage corn early dough stage, silage corn stubble is used the clear stubble of corn straw silage harvest machinery and results clover, by 2 mixed silages;
G, clover regeneration: after harvest corn, clover Natural re generation, alfalfa growing is unaffected;
H, clover turn green: spring in next year, clover period of seedling establishment sprayed the clean management of weeds of lucerne grass when soil and air humidity are all higher; Can impose superphosphate 40kg/ mu, urea 10kg/ mu or diammonium phosphate 30kg/ mu, and water immediately.
2. nonoculture alfalfa field interplanting in summer silage corn implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the clover sowing autumn sowing described in steps A sow in spring all can, sow in spring at early and middle ten days in April, autumn sowing was advisable with mid or late August.
3. nonoculture alfalfa field interplanting in summer silage corn implantation methods according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: clover when sowing should be broadcast front moisture creating as soil drought, treat that soil moisture content is suitable, meticulous whole ground, applies base fertilizer: composite fertilizer 50kg/ mu or high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure 2000～3000 ㎏/mus.
4. nonoculture alfalfa field interplanting in summer silage corn implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the corn seeding described in step C is in the wide row of clover, and Row spacing of maize is 60cm, density of reserved seedlings 4000-4500 plant/acre, according to density, determine suitable seeding quantity, seed level 3-5cm.
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| CN111602566A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-09-01 | 河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所 | One-year three-harvest forage grass high-efficiency planting mode in Huang-Huai-Hai plain |
| CN111602566B (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2021-12-21 | 河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所 | One-year three-harvest forage grass high-efficiency planting mode in Huang-Huai-Hai plain |
| CN111919676A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-13 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Method for planting sorghum sudanense by covering soil on double-plant film with wide and narrow rows and one hole |
| CN116250462A (en) * | 2023-02-14 | 2023-06-13 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 | Intercropping method for annual double-cropping silage corn and forage grass-green manure dual-energy alfalfa |
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