CN103947320B - A kind of beach saline land tree planting method and planting of plants structure - Google Patents
A kind of beach saline land tree planting method and planting of plants structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of beach saline land tree planting method and planting of plants structure, wherein, tree planting method comprise build cofferdam, arrange raise layer, to raising lamination salt row alkali, excavate plantation hole, lay waterproof geotextiles, lay rubble drainage layer, laying straw curtain drainage layer, backfill planting soil and the trees step of planting; The inventive method is comprehensively taked after above-mentioned steps measure, and in the accumulation of salt in the surface soil cycle of the salt affected soil that slowed down, the soil fertility of planting soil in addition, is the surviving and grow and created good condition of trees, is easy to form Afforestation Landscape after planting; Because physical features is raised, saline and alkaline original soil reduces relatively, when Specific construction, needn't re-lay Pipe for draining alkali, has both reduced the cycle of salt discharge solodization, has reduced again cost. Tree planting method of the present invention and planting of plants structure, be adapted at applying in the greening process in coastal saline-alkali area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to beach saline land and administer technical field, relate in particular to a kind of beach saline land planting of plantsMethod and planting of plants structure.
Background technology
Beach saline land causes soil comparatively barren because salt alkali content is high, and originally landforms only have minority Salt And Alkali Tolerance grassGrowth, and mostly be self-sow, manual inseminating trees are less, and original Salt And Alkali Tolerance grass and manual inseminating's is a small amount ofTrees, due to weather, soil reason, can not form good Afforestation Landscape, and landscape structure is comparatively single, seeReward is worth lower. And the river course of coastal region often silts up seriously, weedy, water is seriously polluted,Soil property is poor, and general ornamental trees are difficult to normal growth.
At present, improve the conventional method of this present situation mainly contain raised fields change alkali, hidden pipe row alkali, french drain row alkali,Zanjon bar field changes alkali, water pumping of the wind-force changes alkali etc., but these several Saline-alkali Field Control method ubiquity costs are higher,Operation is loaded down with trivial details, need expend the problem of a large amount of human and material resources.
Summary of the invention
A technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of beach saline land tree planting method is provided,To solve traditional problem that the salt discharge solodization existing cycle of mode is long, cost is high, and improve the one-tenth of treesMotility rate.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of beach saline land planting of plants structure is provided.
For solving the above-mentioned technical problem about beach saline land tree planting method, technical scheme of the present inventionBe: a kind of beach saline land tree planting method, comprises the following steps:
A. build cofferdam: on salt-soda soil, build cofferdam;
B. arrange and raise layer: extract mud from the river bed of outside, described cofferdam with slush pump, and by the silt of extractingDredge pump is delivered to the saline and alkaline original soil surface of inside, described cofferdam, through airing, shakeout, raises layer described in formation;
C. press salt row alkali: the described layer of raising is pressed to salt row alkali treatment;
D. excavate plantation hole: in described cofferdam inner excavated plantation hole;
E. lay waterproof geotextiles: on the internal perisporium in described plantation hole, lay waterproof geotextiles, described waterproofIt is suitable for reading concordant that at least cheat with described plantation the top of geotextiles, following and the described kind of described waterproof geotextilesPlant at the bottom of the hole in hole concordant;
F. lay rubble drainage layer: rubble drainage layer is laid in the bottom in described plantation hole;
G. lay straw curtain drainage layer: above described rubble drainage layer, lay straw curtain drainage layer, described inThe straw curtain straw that has at least two-layer, adjacent two-layer straw curtain setting up and down is cross-shaped;
H. backfill planting soil: backfill planting soil in cheating to described plantation, the salt content of described planting soil is less than2.5%, pH value is not higher than 8.5; Described planting soil is pressed the weight ratio of 6:3-6:4 by sand loam and fertile soilPuddle and form;
I. the trees of planting: the trees of planting in described planting soil.
In technique scheme, preferably, also comprise and build retaining ridge step, after described step I,Around trees, build overhead retaining ridge corresponding to the position of upper in described plantation hole.
In technique scheme, preferably, the particle diameter of described rubble drainage layer is 2-4cm.
In technique scheme, preferably, in described step g, described straw curtain is setting up and down three layers,The straw of every adjacent two-layer straw curtain is cross-shaped.
In technique scheme, preferably, the big up and small down trapezoidal shape in vertical section in described plantation hole.
For solving the above-mentioned technical problem about beach saline land planting of plants structure, technical scheme of the present inventionBe: a kind of beach saline land planting of plants structure, comprising: be arranged on the layer of raising on saline and alkaline original soil surface,Described raise layer or raise on layer and saline and alkaline original soil be provided with plantation hole, on the internal perisporium that described plantation is cheated, layHave waterproof geotextiles, it is suitable for reading concordant that at least cheat with described plantation the top of described waterproof geotextiles, described anti-Concordant at the bottom of the hole of cheating with described plantation below of water geotextiles; Bottom in described plantation hole is equipped with rubble filterWater layer; Above described rubble drainage layer, be equipped with straw curtain drainage layer, described straw curtain is setting up and down to be hadAt least two-layer, the straw of adjacent two-layer straw curtain is cross-shaped; The top of described straw curtain drainage layerBackfill is useful on the planting soil of the trees of planting.
In technique scheme, preferably, build and exceeded ground corresponding to the position of upper in described plantation holeThe retaining ridge of face.
In technique scheme, preferably, the particle diameter of described rubble drainage layer is 2-4cm.
In technique scheme, preferably, described straw curtain is setting up and down three layers, every adjacent two-layerThe straw of straw curtain is cross-shaped.
In technique scheme, preferably, the big up and small down trapezoidal shape in vertical section in described plantation hole.
Owing to having adopted technique scheme, beach saline land tree planting method of the present invention, comprises and buildingCofferdam, setting are raised layer, arrange alkali to raising lamination salt, are excavated to plant and cheat, lay waterproof geotextiles, layingRubble drainage layer, laying straw curtain drainage layer, backfill planting soil and the trees step of planting; Raise the setting of layerRaise the physical features in cofferdam, saline and alkaline original soil is reduced relatively, raised layer because having passed through airing and having pressed salt row alkaliProcess, salt alkali content significantly reduces, and is convenient to trees survival and growth; Plantation is laid waterproof geotextiles in hole, risesTo the saline and alkaline effect of isolation, can prevent that the saline and alkaline horizontal infiltration in the salt affected soil of outside, plantation hole from entering plantation holeIn; The rubble drainage layer arranging and straw curtain drainage layer play and on vertically, prevent salt affected soil below plantation holeIn saline and alkaline on return the effect in plantation hole, be convenient to again water simultaneously or rainwater precipitation by rubble drainage layerAnd under straw curtain drainage layer, infiltrate plantation hole below soil, prevent because of the excessive formation damage caused by waterlogging of the water yield adjacent twoThe straw of layer straw curtain is cross-shaped layout and can also improves its bearing capacity, above carrying betterPlanting soil; The planting soil of trees of planting is puddled and is formed by the weight ratio of 6:3-6:4 by sand loam and fertile soil,The planting soil of this component and proportioning had not only improved the fertilizer of soil but also had strengthened the permeability of soil, planted simultaneouslyPlant native salt content and be less than 2.5%, pH value, not higher than 8.5, is all suitable for surviving and growing of trees. ThisBright comprehensively taking after above-mentioned steps measure, the accumulation of salt in the surface soil cycle of the salt affected soil that slowed down, the in addition soil of planting soilFertility, surviving and growing and created good condition for trees; Because physical features is raised, saline and alkaline original soil is relativeReduce, when Specific construction, needn't re-lay Pipe for draining alkali, both reduced the cycle of salt discharge solodization, reduced again one-tenthThis.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further non-limitingly described.
Fig. 1 adopts the structure of planting obtaining after the beach saline land tree planting method of the embodiment of the present inventionCross-sectional schematic;
In figure: the saline and alkaline original soil of 1-; 2-raises layer; 3-waterproof geotextiles; 4-planting soil; 5-trees; 6-riceStraw screen or mat drainage layer; 7-rubble drainage layer; 8-retaining ridge.
Detailed description of the invention
Shown in figure 1, the beach saline land tree planting method of the embodiment of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
A. build cofferdam: on salt-soda soil, the first selected trees region of wanting to plant, then wanting the trees region of plantingSurrounding build cofferdam according to the cofferdam method of building of routine.
B. arrange and raise layer: utilize slush pump to extract mud from the river bed of outside, cofferdam, and by the mud extractingBe pumped to the surface of the saline and alkaline original soil 1 of inside, cofferdam, by fully airing, shakeout, form and raise layer 2.Raise the setting of layer 2 and raised the physical features in cofferdam, thereby saline and alkaline original soil 1 is reduced relatively, raise layer 2Because having passed through abundant airing, the contained saline and alkaline major part of mud is discharged with drop liquid, therefore raises the saline and alkaline of layer 2Content significantly reduces, and is conducive to the survival and growth after planting of plants. The concrete thickness of raising layer 2 can be according to cultivationDifferent types of trees of planting are and different, and under normal circumstances, arbor species should raise, and shrub can be lowA bit; The seeds that are afraid of saline and alkaline waterlogging should be high, and the seeds of Salt And Alkali Tolerance waterlogging can be lower.
C. press salt row alkali: adopt and initiatively water or routine such as rainfall snowfall presses salt row alkali method to enter raising layers 2Row is pressed salt row alkali treatment, further discharges that to raise layer 2 interior contained saline and alkaline.
D. excavate plantation hole: in cofferdam inner excavated plantation hole, size and the degree of depth in plantation hole, according to differentThe trees of kind and different. Excavate plantation hole taking the thicker locust tree of the trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground as example below, plantation is cheatedVertical section be preferably up big and down small trapezoidal shape, the suitable for reading of plantation hole is of a size of 5 meters * 5 meters, hole end sizeBe 3 meters * 3 meters, cheat dark 1.7 meters. The plantation hole of trapezoidal shape can increase follow-up waterproof geotextiles and plantation holeContact area, increase the space of plant pit, be convenient to fill more planting soil, be conducive to after planting of plantsSurvival and growth.
E. lay waterproof geotextiles: on the internal perisporium in plantation hole, lay waterproof geotextiles 3, wherein waterproof geotechniqueThe top of cloth 3 at least will be with plantation hole suitable for reading concordant, preferably leave remaining limit, waterproof geotextiles 3 belowConcordant at the bottom of the hole of cheating with plantation. In the present embodiment, the specification of the waterproof geotextiles 3 of employing: grammes per square metre 500g/㎡, 2 meters of fabric widths. Waterproof geotextiles is using plastic sheeting as antiseepage base material, forms with non-woven fabric compoundedGeotechnique's impervious material, the erosion of have good effect in acid, alkali, salt, can prevent in the salt affected soil of outside, plantation holeSaline and alkaline horizontal infiltration enter in plantation hole, play the saline and alkaline effect of good isolation.
F. lay rubble drainage layer: lay waterproof geotextiles 3 on the internal perisporium in plantation hole after, in plantationRubble drainage layer 7 is laid in the bottom in hole, and in the present embodiment, preferably the particle diameter of rubble drainage layer 7 is 2-4cm,Thickness is 50cm. Rubble drainage layer 7 plays and on vertical, prevents below plantation hole on saline and alkaline in salt affected soilReturn the effect in plantation hole, the while is convenient to again water or rainwater precipitation is infiltrated for 7 times and planted by rubble drainage layerPlant below, hole soil, prevent because of the excessive formation damage caused by waterlogging of the water yield.
G. lay straw curtain drainage layer: above rubble drainage layer 7, lay straw curtain drainage layer 6, this strawCurtain drainage layer 6 at least comprises two-layer straw curtain setting up and down, is preferably three layers in the present embodiment, often adjacentThe straw of two-layer straw curtain be cross-shaped, the straw of bottom and intermediate layer, intermediate layer and top layer isCross-shaped, in the present embodiment, by every laying 1 ㎡, the consumption of three layers of straw curtain is that 4kg calculates total usingAmount. Straw curtain drainage layer 6 plays and on vertical, prevents from below plantation hole returning into kind on saline and alkaline in salt affected soilPlant the effect in hole, the while is convenient to again water or rainwater precipitation passes through rubble drainage layer 7 and straw curtain drainage layer 6Below, lower infiltration plantation hole soil, prevents because of the excessive formation damage caused by waterlogging of the water yield, the straw of adjacent two-layer straw curtainBe cross-shaped layout and can also improve its bearing capacity, better the planting soil of carrying top.
H. backfill planting soil: after laying straw curtain drainage layer 6, backfill planting soil 4 in cheating to plantation, requirementThe salt content of planting soil is less than 2.5%, and pH value is not higher than 8.5; Wherein, planting soil 4 be by sand loam withFertile soil is puddled and is formed by the weight ratio of 6:3-6:4. The characteristic of sand loam: though sand content is still quite a lot of,But because also containing Shao Liang Silt grain and clay, there is the associativity between grogs, when dry, can become piece, but easily broken,When wet, can feel viscosity, clay component approximately 40%. Fertile soil is the residual leaf process of the deadwood of topsoil trees in forestAfter putrid fermentation, form over a long time. Planting soil by sand loam and these two kinds of component preparations of fertile soil was both carriedThe fertilizer of high soil has strengthened again the permeability of soil.
I. the trees of planting: the Salt And Alkali Tolerance trees 5 such as locust tree, Chinese wax, black pine of planting in planting soil. Also can be in treeThe surrounding of wood 5 builds overhead retaining ridge 8 corresponding to the position of upper in plantation hole, while building retaining ridge 8,Can utilize in passing retaining ridge 8 to push down the remaining limit of waterproof geotextiles 3. The setting on retaining ridge 8, is convenient to plantingTrees after planting are watered.
After planting of plants, according to actual conditions, the later stage can be by cofferdam demolition.
Beach saline land tree planting method of the present invention is comprehensively taked, after above-mentioned steps measure, to have slowed down saline and alkalineThe accumulation of salt in the surface soil cycle of soil, the soil fertility of planting soil in addition, for trees survive and grow created goodCondition, is easy to form Afforestation Landscape after planting; Because physical features is raised, saline and alkaline original soil reduces relatively, concreteWhen construction, needn't re-lay Pipe for draining alkali, both reduce the cycle of salt discharge solodization, reduce again cost.
After having implemented the beach saline land tree planting method of the embodiment of the present invention, obtain shown in Fig. 1Beach saline land planting of plants structure, this beach saline land planting of plants structure comprises: be arranged on saline and alkaline original soil 1Surface raise layer 2, on layer 2 and saline and alkaline original soil 1, be provided with (the i.e. plantation of plantation hole raising layer 2 or raiseCheat when more shallow, plantation hole is positioned at raises layer 2; When plantation hole is deeply a little, plantation hole is dug to saline and alkaline former soil layer),On the internal perisporium in this plantation hole, be equipped with waterproof geotextiles 3, wherein the top of waterproof geotextiles 3 at least with plantationSuitable for reading concordant (preferably the leaving remaining limit) in hole, concordant at the bottom of the hole of cheating with plantation below of waterproof geotextiles 3; ?The bottom in plantation hole is equipped with rubble drainage layer 7; Above rubble drainage layer 7, be equipped with straw curtain drainage layer6, the straw curtain straw that has at least two-layer, adjacent two-layer straw curtain setting up and down is cross-shaped; RiceThe top backfill of straw screen or mat drainage layer 6 is useful on the planting soil 4 of the trees 5 of planting.
And to the further optimal design of this beach saline land planting of plants structure: present greatly in the vertical section in plantation holeLower little trapezoidal shape; The particle diameter of rubble drainage layer 7 is 2-4cm; Straw curtain is setting up and down three layers, often adjacentThe straw of two-layer straw curtain be cross-shaped; Building and exceeding ground corresponding to the position of upper in plantation holeThe retaining ridge 8 of face.
The above is only giving an example of preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the part of wherein not addressing is in detail thisThe common practise of field those of ordinary skill. Protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion with the content of claim, appointsThe equivalent transformation what carries out based on technology enlightenment of the present invention, also within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a beach saline land tree planting method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A. build cofferdam: on salt-soda soil, build cofferdam;
B. arrange and raise layer: extract mud from the river bed of outside, described cofferdam with slush pump, and by the sludge pump extractingDeliver to the saline and alkaline original soil surface of inside, described cofferdam, through airing, shakeout, raise layer described in formation;
C. press salt row alkali: the described layer of raising is pressed to salt row alkali treatment;
D. excavate plantation hole: in described cofferdam inner excavated plantation hole;
E. lay waterproof geotextiles: on the internal perisporium in described plantation hole, lay waterproof geotextiles, described waterproof geotechniqueIt is suitable for reading concordant that at least cheat with described plantation the top of cloth, the following and described plantation hole of described waterproof geotextilesHole at the bottom of concordant;
F. lay rubble drainage layer: rubble drainage layer is laid in the bottom in described plantation hole;
G. lay straw curtain drainage layer: above described rubble drainage layer, lay straw curtain drainage layer, described strawThe curtain straw that has at least two-layer, adjacent two-layer straw curtain setting up and down is cross-shaped;
H. backfill planting soil: backfill planting soil in cheating to described plantation, the salt content of described planting soil is less than 2.5%,PH value is not higher than 8.5; Described planting soil puddled by the weight ratio of 6:3-6:4 by sand loam and fertile soil andBecome;
I. the trees of planting: the trees of planting in described planting soil.
2. beach saline land tree planting method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise building and holdWater ridge step after described step I, is built corresponding to the position of upper in described plantation hole around treesOverhead retaining ridge.
3. beach saline land tree planting method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: described rubbleThe particle diameter of drainage layer is 2-4cm.
4. beach saline land tree planting method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: in described step g,Described straw curtain is setting up and down three layers, and the straw of every adjacent two-layer straw curtain is cross-shaped.
5. beach saline land tree planting method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: described plantation holeThe trapezoidal shape that vertical section is big up and small down.
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