Improve the feed of Egg Production of Laying Hens later stage production performance and eggshell quality
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of chicken feed, particularly relating to a kind of egg feedstuff for improving Egg Production of Laying Hens later stage production performance and eggshell quality.
Background technology
Ovipository cycle is the main index affecting breeding layer chicken benefit, lay eggs the later stage (50 week age to eliminate time) accounted for laying period close to 50% ratio, so the performance of later stage production performance of laying eggs directly affects the effective levels that laying hen produces.Laying hen enters the later stage of laying eggs, and is faced with two serious problems: be because the Intervention of the endocrine reproductive hormone of body day by day fails on the one hand, pituitary follicular stimulating hormone (follicle-stimulatinghormone, FSH), progesterone P
4, estradiol E
2reduce gradually etc. various hormone concentration, cause follicular development to be restricted, ovulation amount reduces, and laying rate declines; On the other hand, along with the increase of laying hen age in days, egg size increases gradually, eggshell is heavy slightly to be increased, but do not catch up with the increase of egg size, therefore shell thickness is more and more thinner, eggshell quality worse and worse, be embodied in rate of broken eggs to increase, and to improve the effect of eggshell quality obvious not only by increasing calcium content.The improvement result of current most of Diet Formula to the raising of later stage Layer Production Performance of laying eggs and eggshell quality is obvious not, and key is to fail to improve the secretion with relevant hormone of laying eggs in laying hen body.
Existing technology is known, and alfalfa meal (Alfalfameal) is of high nutritive value, is rich in vitamin, Grapeseed Oil, and containing isoflavones, daizeol class material, has the effect of phytoestrogen, can promote FSH in laying hen body, progesterone P
4, estradiol E
2deng the release with relevant reproductive hormone of laying eggs, thus ovulation rate, improve laying rate.Add quality alfalfa grass meal in feed and can significantly improve laying rate, reduce feedstuff-egg ratio, improve yolk color.(Alfalfa Meal is to production performance of layer chicken for the people such as Yang Yuxin, the impact of Egg Quality and yolk color, Hua Zhong Agriculture University's journal, 2004, 23rd volume the 3rd phase) disclose and in laying hen diets, add different proportion alfalfa meal improve shell thickness in various degree, its (Zhang Jingbiao such as result and Zhang Jingbiao, Qiu Yexian, Ao little Lan. alfalfa leaf protein is on the impact [N] of Yi Sha egg cuckoo production performance. Agricultural University Of Jiangxi's journal, 1996, (18) 4:455 ~ 458.) to feed with clover Substitute For Partial dregs of beans that to increase the result of shell thickness consistent for ISA laying hens.
Betaine (Betaine) is a kind of alkaloid extracted from beet and molasses thereof, (betaine improves the study mechanism of Layer Production Performance to the people such as Zou Xiaoting, China's herding magazine, 2002, 38th volume the 2nd phase) disclosing betaine can by strengthening adenohypophysis FSH and luteinizing principle (luteinizinghormone, LH) secretion, promote growing and ovulating of ovarian follicle, restrained effectively the generation of follicle atresia, improve the quantity of effective egg cell, increase laying rate, promote egg protein and ovum fat deposition simultaneously, thus improve laying rate of laying hen and efficiency of feed utilization.In addition, betaine has the function of transmethylase, can for eggshell gland midbrain phospholipid conversion is for providing methyl in lecithin process, the Ca on activated membrane
2+-ATPase, promotes that in blood, calcium is through eggshell gland, accelerates the circulation rate of calcium ion in blood, promote the formation of eggshell.Therefore betaine can improve shell thickness, improves eggshell quality.(betaine is on the impact of laying hen Egg Quality and study mechanism for the people such as Xu Zirong, journal of animal science and veterinary medicine, 2001,32 5th phase) disclose the betaine adding 600mg/kg in laying hen diet and make the shell thickness in 50 week age and 70 week age increase 2.5%(P<0.08 respectively) and 10.81%(P<0.05), eggshell relative weight improves 6.69(P<0.05) and 6.94(P<0.05).
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind ofly can improve Egg Production of Laying Hens later stage laying rate and feed efficiency, raising shell thickness, improve eggshell quality and reduce the egg feedstuff of rate of broken eggs.
A kind of feed improving Egg Production of Laying Hens later stage production performance and eggshell quality of the present invention, component containing following weight portion: corn 45-50 part, Soybean Meal 10-15 part, wheat 8-12 part, maize germ cake 5-10 part, alfalfa meal 3-6 part, calcium grain 4-6 part, brewex's grains 4-6 part, calcium powder 3-5 part, corn protein powder 2-4 part, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.5-1 part, bentonite 0.1-0.2 part, vegetable fat 0.2-0.4 part, betaine 0.0005-0.0008 part, salt 0.2-0.4 part, lysine 0.2-0.4 part, B B-complex 0.1-0.2 part, choline 0.1-0.2 part, composite trace element 0.1-0.2 part, sodium acid carbonate 0.1-0.2 part, methionine 0.1-0.2 part, phytase 0.002-0.006 part.
Further preferably, described feed contains the component of following weight portion: corn 48.10 parts, Soybean Meal 12.88 parts, wheat 10 parts, maize germ cake 6 parts, alfalfa meal 4 parts, calcium grain 5.2 parts, brewex's grains 5 parts, calcium powder 3.5 parts, corn protein powder 3 parts, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.74 part, bentonite 0.16 part, vegetable fat 0.25 part, betaine 0.0006 part, salt 0.3 part, lysine 0.306 part, B B-complex 0.15 part, 0.1 part, choline, composite trace element 0.1 part, sodium acid carbonate 0.1 part, methionine 0.109 part, phytase 0.005 part.
Feed of the present invention, wherein said B B-complex obtains by buying, and preferably refers to the vitamin A containing any weight proportion, vitamin D
3, calcium pantothenate, vitamin E, Cobastab
2, Cobastab
1, Cobastab
6,cobastab
12, vitamin K
3, nicotinic acid, folic acid and biotin.More preferably the formula of described B B-complex is: in every 100 parts of B B-complexes, vitamin A accounts for 6 parts, vitamin D
3account for 1.2 parts, vitamin K
3account for 1.5 parts, vitamin E accounts for 15 parts, Cobastab
1account for 1.2 parts, Cobastab
2account for 2.5 parts, Cobastab
6account for 0.8 part, Cobastab
12account for 0.5 part, nicotinic acid accounts for 0.8 part, folic acid accounts for 0.8 part, calcium pantothenate accounts for 4.8 parts, biotin accounts for 5 parts, remainder is universal support, preferred generic carrier is meticulous rice bran meal, and meticulous rice bran meal is that rice produces the byproduct rice bran meal of rice bran oil through expansion extraction method, crosses 40 mesh standard sieves and obtains.
Feed of the present invention, described composite trace element obtains by buying, and preferably refers to the cupric sulfate pentahydrate containing any weight proportion, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, monohydrate zinc sulphate, calcium iodate and sodium selenite.More preferably the formula of composite trace element is: cupric sulfate pentahydrate 3 parts, ferrous sulfate monohydrate 25 parts, manganese sulfate monohydrate 30 parts, monohydrate zinc sulphate 26 parts, calcium iodate 5 parts, sodium selenite 1.5 parts in every 100 parts of composite trace elements, remainder is carrier bentonite.
Feed of the present invention, wherein said alfalfa meal be initial bloom stage clover through cradling, naturally dry dry, pulverize after cross 20 mesh standard sieves obtain.Calcium powder is calcium carbonate (CaCO
3) ore makes the product of gained after processing through essence, its shape is white, pale solid powdery, mainly as the raw material of replenishing the calcium.Calcium grain is actually oarse-grained lime stone (main component is calcium carbonate), and time of staying laying hen is used in muscular stomach is long, and utilization rate is high, can improve eggshell quality.
Described corn protein powder is the byproduct of corn kernel after medical industry produces starch or brewing industry is purified; Maize germ cake is the byproduct after maize milling process carries oil; Brewex's grains refer to the leftover bits and pieces with barley beer brewing; Vegetable fat refers to soybean oil, corn oil or vegetable fat well known in the art, and Analysis of Nutritive Composition guarantee value is crude protein >=16.0%, energy >=2700 kilocalorie, moisture≤14.0%, coarse ash≤14.0%, calcium 3.0%-4.0%, total phosphorus >=0.60%, salt 0.3-0.6%, lysine >=0.75%, methionine >=0.45%.
The invention still further relates to the method preparing above-mentioned feed, first initial bloom stage clover is cradled, naturally dry dry, pulverizing mistake 20 mesh standard sieves afterwards.Alfalfa meal, calcium powder, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, bentonite, betaine, salt, lysine, B B-complex, choline, composite trace element, sodium acid carbonate, methionine, phytase is taken by described proportioning.First by after alfalfa meal, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, bentonite, betaine, salt, lysine, B B-complex, choline, composite trace element, sodium acid carbonate, methionine, phytase mixing, more fully mix 15-20 minute with calcium powder, for subsequent use after mixing.Crush maize is crossed 6.0-7.0mm sieve, Soybean Meal, wheat, maize germ cake, brewex's grains cross 4.0mm sieve after pulverizing, drop in premixing machine with corn protein powder and calcium grain (the two is not all pulverized), vegetable fat in described ratio, then add the aforementioned component for subsequent use obtained to mix, to obtain final product.
The present invention, through strict scientific experiment, by the mensuration of the nutritive indexs such as crude protein, calcium, phosphorus, amino acid needed for the Egg Production of Laying Hens later stage, obtains the main nutrient composition index required for the Egg Production of Laying Hens later stage.On this basis, according to nutritional need and the foraging behaviour in Egg Production of Laying Hens later stage, pass through the screening to feedstuff and optimization, draw feed formula of the present invention.
Feed of the present invention employs alfalfa meal and betaine in Egg Production of Laying Hens later stage Diet Formula, Nutritive Value of Alfalfa Meal is high, be rich in vitamin, Grapeseed Oil, and containing isoflavones, daizeol class material, there is the effect of phytoestrogen, FSH in laying hen body, progesterone P can be promoted
4, estradiol E
2deng the release with relevant reproductive hormone of laying eggs, thus ovulation rate, improve laying rate.Betaine is by providing the synthesis of effective methyl, promotion methylate phosphatide and carnitine, thus strengthen the delivery of laying hen fat and oxidation energy supply, for improving the basic substance (yolk fat deposition) and energy demand that in the unit interval, the supply of Total egg weight amount is sufficient, and the secretion of adenohypophysis FSH and LH can be strengthened, promote growing and ovulating of ovarian follicle, restrained effectively the generation of follicle atresia, improve the quantity of effective egg cell, increase laying rate, promote egg protein and ovum fat deposition simultaneously, thus improve laying rate of laying hen and efficiency of feed utilization.In addition, betaine has the function of transmethylase, can for eggshell gland midbrain phospholipid conversion is for providing methyl in lecithin process, the Ca on activated membrane
2+-ATPase, promotes that in blood, calcium is through eggshell gland, accelerates the circulation rate of calcium ion in blood, promote the formation of eggshell.Therefore, betaine can improve shell thickness, improves eggshell quality.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment and test data, to above-mentioned being described in more detail with other technical characteristic and advantage of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Precise following raw materials according (kg): corn 45, Soybean Meal 10, wheat 8, maize germ cake 5, alfalfa meal 3, calcium grain 4, brewex's grains 4, calcium powder 3, corn protein powder 2, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.5, bentonite 0.1, vegetable fat 0.2, betaine 0.0005, salt 0.2, lysine 0.2, B B-complex (commercially available) 0.1, choline 0.1, composite trace element (commercially available) 0.1, sodium acid carbonate 0.1, methionine 0.1, phytase 0.002.
First by after alfalfa meal, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, bentonite, betaine, salt, lysine, B B-complex, choline, composite trace element, sodium acid carbonate, methionine, phytase mixing, more fully mix 15-20 minute with calcium powder, for subsequent use after mixing.Crush maize is crossed 6.0-7.0mm sieve, Soybean Meal, wheat, maize germ cake, brewex's grains cross 4.0mm sieve after pulverizing, drop in premixing machine with corn protein powder and calcium grain, vegetable fat in described ratio, then add component for subsequent use to mix, sealing packs, and is fed by feed during use by chicken feed intake.
Embodiment 2
Precise following raw materials according (kg): corn 50, Soybean Meal 15, wheat 12, maize germ cake 10, alfalfa meal 6, calcium grain 6, brewex's grains 6, calcium powder 5, corn protein powder 4, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1, bentonite 0.2, vegetable fat 0.4, betaine 0.0008, salt 0.4, lysine 0.4, B B-complex (commercially available) 0.2, choline 0.2, composite trace element (commercially available) 0.2, sodium acid carbonate 0.2, methionine 0.2, phytase 0.006.
First by after alfalfa meal, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, bentonite, betaine, salt, lysine, B B-complex, choline, composite trace element, sodium acid carbonate, methionine, phytase mixing, more fully mix 15-20 minute with calcium powder, for subsequent use after mixing.Crush maize is crossed 6.0-7.0mm sieve, Soybean Meal, wheat, maize germ cake, brewex's grains cross 4.0mm sieve after pulverizing, drop in premixing machine with corn protein powder and calcium grain, vegetable fat in described ratio, then add component for subsequent use to mix, sealing packs, and is fed by feed during use by chicken feed intake.
Embodiment 3
Precise following raw materials according (kg): corn 50, Soybean Meal 10, wheat 8, maize germ cake 10, alfalfa meal 5, calcium grain 6, brewex's grains 4, calcium powder 3, corn protein powder 4, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.5, bentonite 0.1, vegetable fat 0.3, betaine 0.0007, salt 0.4, lysine 0.35, B B-complex (commercially available) 0.15, choline 0.15, composite trace element (commercially available) 0.2, sodium acid carbonate 0.2, methionine 0.15, phytase 0.004.
First by after alfalfa meal, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, bentonite, betaine, salt, lysine, B B-complex, choline, composite trace element, sodium acid carbonate, methionine, phytase mixing, more fully mix 15-20 minute with calcium powder, for subsequent use after mixing.Crush maize is crossed 6.0-7.0mm sieve, Soybean Meal, wheat, maize germ cake, brewex's grains cross 4.0mm sieve after pulverizing, drop in premixing machine with corn protein powder and calcium grain, vegetable fat in described ratio, then add component for subsequent use to mix, sealing packs, and is fed by feed during use by chicken feed intake.
Embodiment 4
Precise following raw materials according (kg): corn 48.10, Soybean Meal 12.88, wheat 10, maize germ cake 6, alfalfa meal 4, calcium grain 5.2, brewex's grains 5, calcium powder 3.5, corn protein powder 3, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.74, bentonite 0.16, vegetable fat 0.25, betaine 0.0006, salt 0.3, lysine 0.306, B B-complex 0.15, choline 0.1, composite trace element 0.1, sodium acid carbonate 0.1, DL-METHIONINE 0.109, phytase 0.005.
The formula of described B B-complex is: in every 100 parts of B B-complexes, vitamin A accounts for 6 parts, vitamin D
3account for 1.2 parts, vitamin K
3account for 1.5 parts, vitamin E accounts for 15 parts, Cobastab
1account for 1.2 parts, Cobastab
2account for 2.5 parts, Cobastab
6account for 0.8 part, Cobastab
12account for 0.5 part, nicotinic acid accounts for 0.8 part, folic acid accounts for 0.8 part, calcium pantothenate accounts for 4.8 parts, biotin accounts for 5 parts, remainder is the meticulous rice bran meal of universal support.
The formula of described composite trace element is: containing cupric sulfate pentahydrate 3 parts, ferrous sulfate monohydrate 25 parts, manganese sulfate monohydrate 30 parts, monohydrate zinc sulphate 26 parts, calcium iodate 5 parts, sodium selenite 1.5 parts in every 100 parts of composite trace elements, remainder is carrier bentonite.
First by after alfalfa meal, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, bentonite, betaine, salt, lysine, B B-complex, choline, composite trace element, sodium acid carbonate, methionine, phytase mixing, more fully mix 15-20 minute with calcium powder, for subsequent use after mixing.Crush maize is crossed 6.0-7.0mm sieve, Soybean Meal, wheat, maize germ cake, brewex's grains cross 4.0mm sieve after pulverizing, drop in premixing machine with corn protein powder and calcium grain, vegetable fat in described ratio, then add component for subsequent use to mix, sealing packs, and is fed by feed during use by chicken feed intake.
Test example 5. proves test effect of the present invention
5.1 test materials and method
Select the age 50 week later stage laying hen of laying eggs 3000 only to carry out contrast test, test group one to four is the egg feedstuff by embodiment of the present invention 1-4 preparation, and control group is the common daily ration not adding alfalfa meal and betaine.Each processed group trophic level is consistent.Often organize 10 repetitions, each repetition 60 chickens, experimental period, carries out 20 weeks altogether from 50 weeks by 70 weeks.
5.2 feeding and management
Test chicken manure four layers is raised in cages, every cage 3 laying hens.Every morning 7:00 and each feeding of 14:00 in afternoon once, free choice feeding and drinking-water.Adopt the method that artificial lighting and natural lighting combine, every day, lighting delay number 16h, manually picked up egg, and other feedings and managements are carried out according to a conventional method.
5.3 test indexes measure and method
5.3.1 test chicken performance test
After on-test every day each repeating groups test chicken of time recording egg number, lay eggs heavily, feed consumption rate, observe drinking-water, diet, the defecate situation of chicken, record dead chicken number.Laying rate, feedstuff-egg ratio, on average every daily material consumption, average egg weight is added up in units of week.
5.3.1 laying rate (%)=total egg number/total chicken number × 100
5.3.2 feedstuff-egg ratio=consumption feed total amount/weight of always laying eggs
5.3.3 on average every daily material consumption=day total feed consumption rate/total laying hen number
5.3.4 average egg weight=total egg size/total egg number
5.3.2 the mensuration of Egg Quality
Respectively when 50 weeks and feeding experiment terminate 70 weeks, each repeating groups gets 20 pieces of normal, complete egg mensuration Egg Qualities.Eggshell strength adopts eggshell strength analyzer to measure.Albumen height, yolk color and hangh unit adopt multi-functional Egg Quality analyzer to measure.Shell thickness slide measure measures, and after getting the eggshell rejecting inner shell membrane of the blunt end of eggshell, middle part, sharp end respectively, detect thickness, asks its mean value.
5.4 data statistic analysis
Adopt SPSS16.0 statistical software to carry out one-way analysis of variance, multiple comparison analyse adopts LSD method.Note: above-mentioned numerical value is mean+SD.Represent that difference extremely significantly (P<0.01) with the different capitalization of column data shoulder mark, different lowercase alphabet shows significant difference (P<0.05), and same letter represents difference not significantly (P>0.05).
5.5 result of the test
The production performance of table 1 different disposal group
The Egg Quality of table 2 different disposal group
Result of the test shows: example of the present invention 1,2,3,4 groups of laying rate are significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), and feedstuff-egg ratio and rate of broken eggs are then remarkable in control group (P<0.05) (table 1).Example 1-4 shell thickness of the present invention, eggshell proportion and eggshell strength are significantly higher than control group (P<0.05) (table 2).Wherein that is embodiment 4 effect is best for test group four.In sum, egg feedstuff of the present invention is to the improvement Be very effective of lay eggs later stage production performance and eggshell quality.
Above-described embodiment is only be described the preferred embodiment of the present invention; not scope of the present invention is limited; under not departing from the present invention and designing the prerequisite of spirit; the various distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art make technical scheme of the present invention and improvement, all should fall in protection domain that claims of the present invention determines.