CN103913231A - Spatial-temporal union modulation Fourier transform imaging spectrometer based on light beam splitter - Google Patents
Spatial-temporal union modulation Fourier transform imaging spectrometer based on light beam splitter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a spatial-temporal union modulation Fourier transform imaging spectrometer based on a light beam splitter and relates to the field of earth observation imaging spectrometers. In order to solve the problems that an interference beam splitting system in an existing imaging spectrometer is large in size, the light weight of the system cannot be conveniently achieved, a slit related to the spatial resolution is contained in the system, and the luminous flux entering the system is limited, a grid type beam splitter system is introduced in to replace a beam splitter and a compensation board in the system, and the advantages of the small size and the light weight are achieved. The light weight of the system is achieved, meanwhile, convenience is brought to design of a whole optical system, the system does not contain a slit, compared with a spatial modulation Fourier transform imaging spectrometer, the luminous flux of the system is greatly improved, the slit in the spatial modulation Fourier transform imaging spectrometer is removed, the high spectral resolution is achieved, and meanwhile the signal to noise ratio of the system is effectively improved. The spatial-temporal union modulation Fourier transform imaging spectrometer is based on a Michelson interferometer structure, and the reliability of the system is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to earth observation imaging spectrometer field, the outer Fourier transform imaging spectral instrument system of concrete a kind of novel space-time unite modulated red, is specifically related to a kind of novel space-time unite modulation type Fourier transform infrared imaging spectrometer based on grid type beam splitter
Background technology
Imaging spectrometer is to carry out deep space remote sensing, ground object target analysis identification, the strong instrument of geological resource exploration.It is the optics remote sensing instrument of new generation growing up on the basis of multi-spectral imager, and it combines the feature of multi-spectral imager and spectrometer.Can realize the detection of target object being carried out to collection of illustrative plates unification, therefore it is applied in space remote sensing widely, and military target is surveyed, geological resource exploration, environmental monitoring, the fields such as meteorologic analysis.According to the difference of principle of work, it is mainly divided into color dispersion-type and Fourier transform type two classes.Color dispersion-type imaging spectrometer is using prism or grating as beam splitter, accepts the radiation information of each spectrum unit on detector.Its development relatively early, more extensive in aerospace field application, but spectral resolution is subject to the control of slit, and therefore it is more difficult aspect the infrared weak radiation of detection.Fourier transform imaging spectrometer is then the interferogram that first obtains target object does Fourier transform conversion and obtain object spectral information to the interferogram of the target object obtaining.According to the difference of the modulation system to interferogram, Fourier transform imaging spectrometer can be divided into time-modulation type, spatial modulation type and space-time unite modulation type, time-modulation type Fourier transform imaging spectrometer is based on Michelson interferometer structure, it adopts the optical path difference that drives an index glass to carry out generation time sequence, therefore needs the drive unit of a set of precision.And the measurement that completes a width interferogram needs the time of one-period, its real-time is poor.Its inside of spatial modulation Fourier transform imaging spectrometer is not containing movable member, and it utilizes the difference of locus to produce optical path difference can realize the spectral measurement to rapid change object, and its real-time is relatively good.The Typical Representative of traditional spatial modulation Fourier transform imaging spectrometer is: but the interference beam splitting system volume of spatial modulation Fourier transform imaging spectrometer inside is larger, be not easy to the lightweight of the system that realizes, and spatial modulation Fourier becomes imaging spectrometer inside and contains the slit relevant with spatial resolution, has limited the luminous flux of the system that enters.Space-time unite modulation type Fourier transform imaging spectrometer is based on image plane interference image-forming principle, and system does not contain slit and movable member, and therefore to have luminous flux large, constitutionally stable advantage.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is that the interference beam splitting system volume of solution existing imaging spectrometer inside is larger, be not easy to the lightweight of the system that realizes, and the slit relevant with spatial resolution contained in inside, limit the problem of the luminous flux of the system that enters, a kind of modulation of the space-time unite based on light-duty beam splitter Fourier transform imaging spectrometer is provided.
Space-time unite modulation Fourier transform imaging spectrometer based on light-duty beam splitter, comprise preposition imaging system, interference system, rearmounted imaging system and focus planardetector, described interference system comprises grid type beam splitter, multistage ladder micro-reflector and plane mirror; Target beam is incident to grid type beam splitter through preposition optical imaging system and is divided into two-beam, light beam is imaged as the first picture point through grid type beam splitter reflection to plane mirror, and another light beam is transmitted through multistage certain cascaded surface of ladder micro-reflector through grid type beam splitter and is imaged as the second picture point; The light that described the first picture point and the second picture point are sent is incident to rearmounted imaging system imaging respectively after the transmission of grid type beam splitter and reflection, and described focus planardetector receives image-forming information;
The ladder height of the multistage ladder micro-reflector of described setting is d, within the scope of n the corresponding field angle of ladder reflecting surface, the optical path difference between the virtual image that target object becomes in the mirror position of n ladder reflecting surface at n the micro-reflecting surface imaging of ladder and target object is: δ=2nd;
The reflecting surface width of setting multistage ladder micro-reflector is a, and the flying height of Infrared Imaging Spectrometer is H, and the focal length of preposition imaging system (1) is f', and the distance between adjacent picture point is a, and the distance obtaining between adjacent target object point is: Δ h=Ha/f';
The catercorner length of setting multistage ladder micro-reflector is h, and the field angle of preposition imaging system is:
Beneficial effect of the present invention: system of the present invention is based on Michelson interferometer structure, and its difference is to carry out the index glass in replacement system with a multistage ladder reflecting mirror, carrys out the movable member in elimination system with this, greatly improves the reliability of system.Grid type beam splitter system is introduced to have replaced in system and is had beam splitter and compensating plate, has little, the lightweight advantage of volume.In the light-weighted while of the system that realized, because grid type beam splitter adopts membrane structure, avoid off-axis aberration, for the design of overall optical system has brought convenience, and can eliminate traditional beam splitter and compensating plate effect of dispersion and luminous energy loss.System of the present invention does not contain slit, greatly improved the luminous flux of system compared with spatial modulation Fourier transform imaging spectrometer, under high spectral resolution, can improve greatly the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of system, in realizing optical path difference spatial modulation, make the reliability of system, repeatable, real-time is all greatly improved, system has been removed the slit in spatial modulation type Fourier transform imaging spectrometer, effectively raises the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of system in realizing high spectral resolution.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of the modulation of the space-time unite based on light-duty beam splitter Fourier transform imaging spectrometer of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is system interference system structural drawing in the modulation of the space-time unite based on light-duty beam splitter Fourier transform imaging spectrometer of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is that the modulation of the space-time unite based on light-duty beam splitter Fourier transform imaging spectrometer optical path difference of the present invention produces schematic diagram;
In Fig. 4, Fig. 4 a is that the modulation of the space-time unite based on light-duty beam splitter Fourier transform imaging spectrometer of the present invention is swept the image on multistage ladder micro-reflector under pattern through a window, and Fig. 4 b sweeps the imaging schematic diagram on CCD under pattern at a window;
Fig. 5 is the structural drawing of preposition imaging system in the modulation of the space-time unite based on light-duty beam splitter Fourier transform imaging spectrometer of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the structural drawing of rearmounted imaging system in the modulation of the space-time unite based on light-duty beam splitter Fourier transform imaging spectrometer of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment one, in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 6, present embodiment is described, space-time unite modulation Fourier transform imaging spectrometer based on light-duty beam splitter, by preposition imaging system 1, grid type beam splitter 6, multistage ladder reflecting mirror 7, plane mirror 5, rearmounted imaging contracting beam system 3, focus planardetector 4(CCD) etc. part composition.Preposition imaging system 1 and rearmounted contracting bundle imaging system 3 be by transmission sphere mirror composition, under the prerequisite that meets picture element, for the design of system, process and debug and bring great convenience.Grid type beam splitter 6 is that basement membrane is fixed on a grid supporter with network, and infrared spectroscopy film is plated on basement membrane.This infrared beam splitter utilizes lattice structure to support spectro-film system, has cancelled compensating plate, has little, the lightweight advantage of volume.Because grid type beam splitter 6 adopts membrane structure, in the light-weighted while of the system that realizes, also avoid differing from axle, for the design of overall optical system has brought convenience, and can eliminate traditional beam splitter and compensating plate effect of dispersion and luminous energy loss.The imaging spectral instrument system that the present invention discusses itself does not contain slit, and the scan mode that adopts window to sweep can be used as spaceborne and airborne imaging load and uses.System replaces the index glass in traditional time-modulation type Fourier transform imaging spectrometer with a multistage ladder micro-reflector 7, makes whole system realize staticize.Premenstrual being set to as warp after system imaging of light that at a time terrain object object sends is divided into by grid type beam splitter 6 the two bundle coherent lights that intensity is identical, light beam is imaged on level crossing after via beam splitter reflection, and another light beams is imaged on multistage ladder micro-reflector 7 via after beam splitter transmission.Wherein imaging within the scope of the certain field angle of the corresponding landing ground object of the different reflecting surface of multistage ladder micro-reflector 7, the picture that is imaged on the picture on a certain reflecting surface of multistage ladder micro-reflector 7 and is imaged on the respective regions of corresponding level crossing can produce fixing phasic difference owing to having fixing ladder height.The light that two picture points are sent as two relevant thing sources just can obtain image information and the interference strength information of target object after rearmounted imaging system imaging.After sweeping pattern through a window, the multiple image obtaining sheared and spliced the interferogram that just can obtain some objects in ground afterwards, then interferogram being done to Fourier transform, just can obtain the spectrogram of this object point.
Imaging spectral instrument system described in present embodiment is as infrared system, and described grid type beam splitter 6 is made by MOEMS technique, and an evaporation has infrared part reflective semitransparent film, to realize reflection and each approximately 50% the effect of transmission; Another surperficial evaporation at grid beam splitter has infrared optics anti-reflection film, to improve energy efficiency.The grid cell dimensions of grid type beam splitter 6 and multistage ladder micro-reflector 7 ladder width sizes match, and the width of described multistage ladder micro-reflector 7 will be considered the impact of diffraction effect on interferogram and imaging.The single ladder height scope of described multistage ladder micro-reflector 7, between 1nm-50 μ m, adopts MOEMS technology or optics job operation to make, and the ladder height error of described multistage ladder micro-reflector 7 is less than 5% of ladder height.While adopting the multistage ladder of MOEMS fabrication techniques micro-reflector 7, for guaranteeing the homogeneity of ladder height, need to adopt Rotation evaporation, with light-operated method control ladder height.Adopt radio-frequency sputtering or electron beam evaporation technique to prepare infrared high-reflecting film and diaphragm on multistage ladder micro-reflector 7 surfaces, described multistage ladder micro-reflector 7 ladder heights, width and step number determine imaging spectrometer spectral resolution and image quality.
In conjunction with Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, present embodiment is described, interference system is made up of grid type beam splitter 6, multistage ladder micro-reflector 7 and plane mirror 5.Wherein grid type beam splitter 6 is to adopt MOEMS fabrication techniques, and basement membrane is fixed on the grid supporter with network, and infrared spectroscopy film is plated on basement membrane.Multistage ladder micro-reflector 7 is made by the method for carrying out repeatedly photoetching plated film in substrate, and is coated with infrared high-reflecting film on its surface.The optical path difference of this imaging spectrometer interference system is to be determined by the ladder height of multistage ladder micro-reflector 7 and field angle, and the optical path difference producing on each cascaded surface of multistage ladder micro-reflector 7 is identical; In conjunction with Fig. 3, be n ladder reflecting surface and the corresponding imaging process of level crossing, 8 is n ladder reflecting surface, B
1for the micro-reflecting surface imaging of n ladder of target object, B
2for the virtual image that target object becomes in the mirror position of n ladder reflecting surface, B
1and B
2, after rearmounted imaging system imaging, on rearmounted focus planardetector, interfering as two relevant object points. the ladder height of establishing multistage ladder micro-reflector 7 is d, ω
nbe n the corresponding field angle scope of ladder reflecting surface, at field angle ω
nscope within, picture point B
1and B
2between optical path difference be
δ＝2nd (1)
Wherein n is the step number of multistage ladder micro-reflector 7, and now the corresponding field angle of the micro-reflecting surface of ladder is ω
n. at field angle ω
nscope within, the optical path difference that system produces is identical.
In conjunction with Fig. 4, present embodiment is described, Fig. 4 a is that a window is swept the imaging process of native system on multistage ladder micro-reflector 7 under pattern, five ladder lens reflectings surface in figure, are only drawn, A2, A1, A0, A-1, A-2, represents respectively the target object point A that ground is identical, enters the position of imaging spectral instrument system in the different moment.A ' 2, A ' 1, A ' 0, A '-1, A '-2 are respectively A is engraved in imaging on the different reflecting surface of ladder lens when different.The reflecting surface width of getting multistage ladder micro-reflector 7 is a, and the flying height of the system of setting up departments is H, and the focal length of preposition imaging system is f', and the distance between picture point A ' 2 and A ' 1 is a, so just can obtain the distance between A2 and A1.
Δh＝Hd/f' （2）
If now the travelling speed of imaging spectrometer is v, to object A take sampling the time interval be
ΔT＝Δh/v （3）
Fig. 4 b is that a window is swept the imaging process on native system CCD under pattern, and in figure, what ☆ represented is object imaging on CCD.Be the same row of CCD what do not get in the same time, can find out in the time that object has just entered a scanning window, it is imaged on the right hand edge of row of CCD through imaging spectrometer, then sweeps the pattern left hand edge of the same row of its imaging CCD afterwards through a window.Be 32 at the reflecting surface number of multistage ladder micro-reflector 7, can on rearmounted infrared CCD focal plane, obtain the 32 width images about target object.After this 32 width image is sheared and being spliced, just can obtain the interferogram of this target object, then it be carried out Fourier transform and just can be obtained the spectral information of this object.
In conjunction with Fig. 5, present embodiment is described, Fig. 5 is the structural drawing of the preposition imaging system of this imaging spectrometer, and the Main Function of preposition imaging system 1 is object to be imaged on respectively after grid type beam splitter to the penetrating on mirror 5 of multistage ladder micro-reflector 7 and plane.The quality of preposition imaging system 1 image quality directly has influence on the quality of the final terrain object subject image that obtains of system.Because the optical path difference of system is that therefore preposition image-forming objective lens will have certain field angle requirement, to guarantee that all faces of multistage ladder micro-reflector 7 can receive the picture of object clearly by the ladder height of multistage ladder micro-reflector 7 and field angle control.Preposition imaging system 1 adopts telecentric beam path in image space structure, identical to guarantee the optical path difference being produced on single ladder reflecting surface.The focal length of preposition imaging system 1 is f', and the catercorner length of ladder micro-reflector is h.The field angle of preposition imaging imaging system 1 requires
Due to the existence of divided beam system in system, preposition image-forming objective lens is existed through beam splitter reflection and two light paths of beam splitter transmission, but two light paths are equivalent, therefore only to performing an analysis through this road light path of beam splitter transmission.In preposition imaging system, although grid type beam splitter 6 is in non-parallel light path, but grid type beam splitter 6 is a multi-layered infrared mark film and basement membrane structure, it can be ignored the impact of optical system imaging quality, therefore grid type beam splitter 6 is not taken into account carrying out preposition Optical System Design.For the convenience of processing and debuging, preposition imaging system adopts four-piece type transmission-type structure, utilizes infra-red material silicon and germanium junction to close achromatism.Design result shows: system imaging quality is good, and MTF approaches diffraction limit, and field angle meets the demands.
In conjunction with Fig. 6, present embodiment is described, the effect of rearmounted imaging system 3 is that preposition imaging system 1 is imaged on to picture on multistage ladder micro-reflector 7 and plane mirror 5 clearly on the rearmounted CCD of Cheng Qi.Therefore in system, multistage ladder micro-reflector 7 and level crossing are designed as the thing of rearmounted imaging system.Due to the existence of divided beam system, rearmounted imaging system also exists two-way optical system, due to the equivalence of two-way optical system, therefore only level crossing one tunnel is analyzed.Because this imaging spectrometer is operated in medium-wave infrared wave band, therefore adopt refrigeration type CCD, the aperture diaphragm using the cold screen diaphragm of CCD as whole rearmounted imaging system in rearmounted imaging system design, to realize 100% cold stop matching efficiency.The same with preposition imaging system, grid type beam splitter 6, in rearmounted Optical System Design, needn't be taken into account.It adopts seven chip Homology of Sphere formula structures rearmounted imaging system, and system imaging quality is good, and MTF approaches diffraction limit,
Obviously, above-described embodiment is only for example is clearly described, and the not restriction to embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here without also giving exhaustive to all embodiments.And the apparent variation of being extended out thus or variation are still among the protection domain in the invention.
Claims (6)
1. the modulation of the space-time unite based on light-duty beam splitter Fourier transform imaging spectrometer, comprise preposition imaging system (1), interference system (2), rearmounted imaging system (3) and focus planardetector (4), it is characterized in that, described interference system (2) comprises grid type beam splitter (6), multistage ladder micro-reflector (7) and plane mirror (5); Target beam is incident to grid type beam splitter (6) through preposition optical imaging system (1) and is divided into two-beam, light beam reflexes on plane mirror (5) and is imaged as the first picture point through grid type beam splitter (6), and another light beam is transmitted through certain cascaded surface of multistage ladder micro-reflector (7) through grid type beam splitter (6) and is imaged as the second picture point;
The light that described the first picture point and the second picture point are sent is incident to rearmounted imaging system (3) imaging respectively after grid type beam splitter (6) transmission and reflection, and described focus planardetector (4) receives image-forming information;
The ladder height of the multistage ladder micro-reflector of described setting is d, within the scope of n the corresponding field angle of ladder reflecting surface, the optical path difference between the virtual image that target object becomes in the mirror position of n ladder reflecting surface at n the micro-reflecting surface imaging of ladder and target object is: δ=2nd;
The reflecting surface width of setting multistage ladder micro-reflector is a, and the flying height of Infrared Imaging Spectrometer is H, and the focal length of preposition imaging system (1) is f', and the distance between adjacent picture point is a, and the distance obtaining between adjacent target object point is: Δ h=Ha/f';
The catercorner length of setting multistage ladder micro-reflector (7) is h, and the field angle of preposition imaging system (1) is:
2. the modulation of the space-time unite based on light-duty beam splitter Fourier transform imaging spectrometer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described focus planardetector (4) is swept after type collection through a window the image-forming information receiving, the multiple image gathering is sheared and spliced, obtain the interferogram of target object, interferogram is carried out to Fourier transform, obtain the spectrogram of target.
3. the modulation of the space-time unite based on light-duty beam splitter Fourier transform imaging spectrometer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, preposition imaging system (1) adopts four Homology of Sphere formula structures, and rearmounted imaging system (3) adopts seven Homology of Sphere formula structures.
4. the modulation of the space-time unite based on light-duty beam splitter Fourier transform imaging spectrometer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described grid type beam splitter (6) adopts MOEMS technology, basement membrane is supported on the grid supporter with network, then infrared spectroscopy film is plated on basement membrane, described grid type beam splitter (6) utilizes lattice structure to support spectro-film system.
5. the modulation of the space-time unite based on light-duty beam splitter Fourier transform imaging spectrometer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described multistage ladder micro-reflector (7) adopts the method for carrying out repeatedly photoetching plated film in substrate to make, and at the infrared high-reflecting film of plated surface of described multistage ladder micro-reflector (7).
6. the modulation of the space-time unite based on light-duty beam splitter Fourier transform imaging spectrometer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the single ladder height scope of described multistage ladder micro-reflector (7) is between 1nm-50 μ m, and the ladder height error of described multistage ladder micro-reflector (7) is less than 5% of ladder height.
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Cited By (4)
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