CN103889235B - 用于在植物中诱导挥发性有机化合物生产的包含芽孢杆菌属(bacillus)细菌的接种剂 - Google Patents
用于在植物中诱导挥发性有机化合物生产的包含芽孢杆菌属(bacillus)细菌的接种剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103889235B CN103889235B CN201180066750.3A CN201180066750A CN103889235B CN 103889235 B CN103889235 B CN 103889235B CN 201180066750 A CN201180066750 A CN 201180066750A CN 103889235 B CN103889235 B CN 103889235B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- bacillus
- plant
- pgpr
- bacterium
- voc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 364
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 title claims description 23
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 212
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 105
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 90
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 60
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 55
- 241000193744 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 claims description 35
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- -1 cis-3-hexene ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 244000038280 herbivores Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 241000726221 Gemma Species 0.000 claims description 23
- 108020004465 16S ribosomal RNA Proteins 0.000 claims description 19
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- JSNRRGGBADWTMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (6E)-7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC(=C)C=C JSNRRGGBADWTMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- FAMPSKZZVDUYOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6,6,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-1,4,8-triene Chemical compound CC1=CCC(C)(C)C=CCC(C)=CCC1 FAMPSKZZVDUYOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N linalool Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)(O)C=C CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000194103 Bacillus pumilus Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 240000001980 Cucurbita pepo Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000589157 Rhizobiales Species 0.000 claims description 12
- UAHWPYUMFXYFJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-myrcene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(=C)C=C UAHWPYUMFXYFJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000011299 Brassica oleracea var botrytis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000003259 Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000009854 Cucurbita moschata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229930006722 beta-pinene Natural products 0.000 claims description 9
- WTARULDDTDQWMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N β-pinene Chemical compound C1C2C(C)(C)C1CCC2=C WTARULDDTDQWMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001490 (3R)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- JSNRRGGBADWTMC-QINSGFPZSA-N (E)-beta-Farnesene Natural products CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C/CCC(=C)C=C JSNRRGGBADWTMC-QINSGFPZSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-JTQLQIEISA-N (R)-linalool Natural products CC(C)=CCC[C@@](C)(O)C=C CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000000832 Ayote Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000009804 Cucurbita pepo subsp pepo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- PSVBPLKYDMHILE-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-humulene Natural products CC1=C/CC(C)(C)C=CCC=CCC1 PSVBPLKYDMHILE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- YSNRTFFURISHOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-farnesene Natural products C=CC(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C YSNRTFFURISHOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229930007744 linalool Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003375 plant hormone Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000015136 pumpkin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-JTQLQIEISA-N (+)-α-limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)[C@@H]1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000241257 Cucumis melo Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011293 Brassica napus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000000540 Brassica rapa subsp rapa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000299507 Gossypium hirsutum Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000009337 Spinacia oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000300264 Spinacia oleracea Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000219793 Trifolium Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- KSMVZQYAVGTKIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC=O KSMVZQYAVGTKIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000234282 Allium Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000002732 Allium cepa var. cepa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000106835 Bindesalat Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000000318 Bindesalat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017647 Brassica oleracea var italica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000009847 Cucumis melo var cantalupensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000009852 Cucurbita pepo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000002767 Daucus carota Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000000626 Daucus carota Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000004713 Pisum sativum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010582 Pisum sativum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000088415 Raphanus sativus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000006140 Raphanus sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000046109 Sorghum vulgare var. nervosum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000007087 Apium graveolens Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015849 Apium graveolens Dulce Group Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010591 Appio Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014698 Brassica juncea var multisecta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000006008 Brassica napus var napus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000004221 Brassica oleracea var gemmifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000308368 Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000006618 Brassica rapa subsp oleifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000008574 Capsicum frutescens Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000298479 Cichorium intybus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007542 Cichorium intybus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000016623 Fragaria vesca Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000009088 Fragaria x ananassa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011363 Fragaria x ananassa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- XMLSXPIVAXONDL-PLNGDYQASA-N Jasmone Chemical compound CC\C=C/CC1=C(C)CCC1=O XMLSXPIVAXONDL-PLNGDYQASA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000219739 Lens Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011430 Malus pumila Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000070406 Malus silvestris Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015103 Malus silvestris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000220324 Pyrus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000007651 Rubus glaucus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011034 Rubus glaucus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009122 Rubus idaeus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007238 Secale cereale Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000082988 Secale cereale Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001390 capsicum minimum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- IVLCENBZDYVJPA-ARJAWSKDSA-N cis-Jasmone Natural products C\C=C/CC1=C(C)CCC1=O IVLCENBZDYVJPA-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000004611 garlic Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021017 pears Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- XMLSXPIVAXONDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-jasmone Natural products CCC=CCC1=C(C)CCC1=O XMLSXPIVAXONDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=CC=C1 WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ROWKJAVDOGWPAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetoin Chemical group CC(O)C(C)=O ROWKJAVDOGWPAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000099147 Ananas comosus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007119 Ananas comosus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000845813 Fictibacillus solisalsi Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000004370 Pastinaca sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017769 Pastinaca sativa subsp sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006745 Sonchus oleraceus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000113428 Sonchus oleraceus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001249117 Bacillus mojavensis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000193400 Bacillus simplex Species 0.000 claims description 2
- OWBTYPJTUOEWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-2,3-diol Chemical compound CC(O)C(C)O OWBTYPJTUOEWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000000385 Brassica napus var. napus Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241000675108 Citrus tangerina Species 0.000 claims 2
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241000717682 Anisomeles Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 31
- 241001148495 Cibotium barometz Species 0.000 description 55
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 37
- 240000001307 Myosotis scorpioides Species 0.000 description 32
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 description 29
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 27
- 241000256244 Heliothis virescens Species 0.000 description 20
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Natural products CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 241000500113 Microplitis Species 0.000 description 15
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 description 15
- 241000194110 Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) Species 0.000 description 14
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000000540 analysis of variance Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 241000256844 Apis mellifera Species 0.000 description 9
- 241000256247 Spodoptera exigua Species 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 8
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 241000193747 Bacillus firmus Species 0.000 description 6
- 241000194106 Bacillus mycoides Species 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 240000004371 Panax ginseng Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241000635201 Pumilus Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000003705 ribosome Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 241001453380 Burkholderia Species 0.000 description 5
- 241001622847 Buttiauxella Species 0.000 description 5
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Natural products CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 241000588914 Enterobacter Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000588748 Klebsiella Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000256259 Noctuidae Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000589180 Rhizobium Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000607720 Serratia Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000588986 Alcaligenes Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000193738 Bacillus anthracis Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000193408 Bacillus badius Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000193416 Bacillus benzoevorans Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000193752 Bacillus circulans Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000193749 Bacillus coagulans Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000193414 Bacillus fastidiosus Species 0.000 description 4
- 241001032451 Bacillus indicus Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000193388 Bacillus thuringiensis Species 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000004341 Gossypium herbaceum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 240000002024 Gossypium herbaceum Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000218922 Magnoliophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 4
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229940005348 bacillus firmus Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- HEVGGTGPGPKZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1,2-dimethyl-3-methylidenecyclopentyl)-4-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1C(=C)CCC1(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 HEVGGTGPGPKZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,8-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-7-(2-oxopropyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(C)=O)C(O)=C2C(=O)C(OC)=CC(=O)C2=C1O UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000186046 Actinomyces Species 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000223218 Fusarium Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000009432 Gossypium hirsutum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000578422 Graphosoma lineatum Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000255777 Lepidoptera Species 0.000 description 3
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000258923 Neuroptera Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 description 3
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 235000007195 Pennisetum typhoides Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241001361634 Rhizoctonia Species 0.000 description 3
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241000235017 Zygosaccharomyces Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000024241 parasitism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- UAXOELSVPTZZQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tiglic acid Natural products CC(C)=C(C)C(O)=O UAXOELSVPTZZQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZCHHRLHTBGRGOT-SNAWJCMRSA-N (E)-hex-2-en-1-ol Chemical compound CCC\C=C\CO ZCHHRLHTBGRGOT-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIERETOOQGIECD-ARJAWSKDSA-M 2-Methyl-2-butenoic acid Natural products C\C=C(\C)C([O-])=O UIERETOOQGIECD-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241001143270 Alkalicoccus saliphilus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000916411 Alteribacillus persepolensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000039815 Anaerobacillus macyae Species 0.000 description 2
- UIERETOOQGIECD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Angelic acid Natural products CC=C(C)C(O)=O UIERETOOQGIECD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000118355 Bacillus acidiceler Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001260372 Bacillus acidicola Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000283910 Bacillus acidiproducens Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001183283 Bacillus aeolius Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001150382 Bacillus aerius Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001150378 Bacillus aerophilus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000513399 Bacillus aidingensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000193376 Bacillus akibai Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000193375 Bacillus alcalophilus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000285020 Bacillus algicola Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001391484 Bacillus alkalinitrilicus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000287345 Bacillus alkalisediminis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000924888 Bacillus alkalitelluris Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001150381 Bacillus altitudinis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000496456 Bacillus alveayuensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001143891 Bacillus aquimaris Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000976738 Bacillus aryabhattai Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000331867 Bacillus asahii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000193410 Bacillus atrophaeus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001363720 Bacillus aurantiacus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000193409 Bacillus azotoformans Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001037822 Bacillus bacterium Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000223009 Bacillus bataviensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001113888 Bacillus beveridgei Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001026324 Bacillus bogoriensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000966273 Bacillus boroniphilus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001323694 Bacillus butanolivorans Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000347655 Bacillus canaveralius Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000006380 Bacillus carboniphilus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000845425 Bacillus cecembensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000193383 Bacillus cellulosilyticus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000193755 Bacillus cereus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001382004 Bacillus chagannorensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001646894 Bacillus chungangensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001328122 Bacillus clausii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000678616 Bacillus coahuilensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001468256 Bacillus cohnii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000480228 Bacillus decisifrondis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000365704 Bacillus decolorationis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000223006 Bacillus drentensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001364843 Bacillus farraginis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000006381 Bacillus flexus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000495374 Bacillus foraminis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001364845 Bacillus fordii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001364844 Bacillus fortis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001513496 Bacillus fumarioli Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000977264 Bacillus funiculus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001610592 Bacillus galactosidilyticus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001385703 Bacillus galliciensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001328119 Bacillus gibsonii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001328135 Bacillus halmapalus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000006382 Bacillus halodurans Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000602818 Bacillus hemicellulosilyticus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000186551 Bacillus horneckiae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001301836 Bacillus horti Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000065501 Bacillus humi Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001245216 Bacillus hwajinpoensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001661600 Bacillus idriensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001661602 Bacillus infantis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001515794 Bacillus infernus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000038661 Bacillus isabeliae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000620007 Bacillus jeotgali Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000756349 Bacillus korlensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001092457 Bacillus kribbensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001523399 Bacillus krulwichiae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000867095 Bacillus lehensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000193422 Bacillus lentus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001643767 Bacillus litoralis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000775876 Bacillus luciferensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001280075 Bacillus luteolus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000193379 Bacillus mannanilyticus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001143890 Bacillus marisflavi Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001032346 Bacillus marmarensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000194107 Bacillus megaterium Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000193398 Bacillus methanolicus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000693172 Bacillus murimartini Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001354640 Bacillus nanhaiisediminis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000210691 Bacillus nealsonii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001662157 Bacillus niabensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000006385 Bacillus niacini Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000223014 Bacillus novalis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000587861 Bacillus oceanisediminis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000344824 Bacillus okhensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000963702 Bacillus okuhidensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001536371 Bacillus oleronius Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001120919 Bacillus oshimensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000331092 Bacillus patagoniensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000428714 Bacillus plakortidis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001429228 Bacillus pocheonensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001365187 Bacillus polygoni Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001328127 Bacillus pseudofirmus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000906059 Bacillus pseudomycoides Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000194104 Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001608774 Bacillus ruris Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000835167 Bacillus safensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000798395 Bacillus salarius Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000560147 Bacillus selenatarsenatis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000798847 Bacillus seohaeanensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000040345 Bacillus shackletonii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000278457 Bacillus siamensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001302493 Bacillus siralis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000193399 Bacillus smithii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000266830 Bacillus sonorensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000202341 Bacillus sporothermodurans Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001150380 Bacillus stratosphericus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000821243 Bacillus subterraneus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000315694 Bacillus tequilensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001495667 Bacillus thermoamylovorans Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001336886 Bacillus thermolactis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000102674 Bacillus thioparans Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001249119 Bacillus vallismortis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000563903 Bacillus velezensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001626895 Bacillus vietnamensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000223012 Bacillus vireti Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000602824 Bacillus wakoensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000311516 Bacillus xiaoxiensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001378080 Bhargavaea beijingensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001378078 Bhargavaea ginsengi Species 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000256816 Braconidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000188595 Brassica sinapistrum Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000630118 Brevibacillus panacihumi Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000134846 Bursaphelenchus tusciae Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000001817 Cereus hexagonus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000931705 Cicada Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001672694 Citrus reticulata Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000255749 Coccinellidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000101366 Diplotaxis muralis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001454772 Encarsia formosa Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001300499 Eretmocerus Species 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001376287 Fictibacillus arsenicus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001065721 Fictibacillus barbaricus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000285779 Fictibacillus gelatini Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001024488 Fictibacillus macauensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001179476 Fictibacillus nanhaiensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000496163 Fictibacillus rigui Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000192125 Firmicutes Species 0.000 description 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000255967 Helicoverpa zea Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000033197 Hemibarbus labeo Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000588752 Kluyvera Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000568397 Lysinibacillus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001134564 Lysinibacillus massiliensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001167717 Lysinibacillus odysseyi Species 0.000 description 2
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 241001248013 Microplitis croceipes Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000567782 Nabidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010676 Ocimum basilicum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000179039 Paenibacillus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001238056 Paraburkholderia ginsengisoli Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000861159 Paraburkholderia ginsengiterrae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000866630 Paraburkholderia graminis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000480193 Paraburkholderia soli Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001105493 Parageobacillus thermantarcticus Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000115721 Pennisetum typhoides Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001481699 Phytoseiidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000255969 Pieris brassicae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000861914 Plecoglossus altivelis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001396014 Priacanthus arenatus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001478280 Rahnella Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000232299 Ralstonia Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001124072 Reduviidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001023238 Salibacterium halochares Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000105345 Salibacterium qingdaonense Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001292348 Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000747359 Salipaludibacillus neizhouensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000894029 Salisediminibacterium locisalis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001074085 Scophthalmus aquosus Species 0.000 description 2
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008515 Setaria glauca Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002560 Solanum lycopersicum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000976732 Solibacillus isronensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001111950 Sonora Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000122971 Stenotrophomonas Species 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- QLNFINLXAKOTJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [As].[Se] Chemical compound [As].[Se] QLNFINLXAKOTJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001327213 [Bacillus] clarkii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001673106 [Bacillus] selenitireducens Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001468250 [Bacillus] thermocloacae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001517045 [Bacillus] vedderi Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940054340 bacillus coagulans Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940097012 bacillus thuringiensis Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002869 basic local alignment search tool Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003542 behavioural effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000003555 cloaca Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008195 galaktosides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- STZCRXQWRGQSJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl]benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 STZCRXQWRGQSJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005437 stratosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CXENHBSYCFFKJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-farnesene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCC=C(C)C=C CXENHBSYCFFKJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JXBSHSBNOVLGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-cis-Dihydrofarnesen Natural products CC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C JXBSHSBNOVLGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007173 Abies balsamea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000324499 Alkalibacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000960374 Aphidiinae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001312832 Aphidius colemani Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000003416 Asparagus officinalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005340 Asparagus officinalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000075850 Avena orientalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007319 Avena orientalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000007558 Avena sp Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000254127 Bemisia tabaci Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219495 Betulaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000272639 Brachycaudus mimeuri Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000317929 Chalcididae Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100098873 Chondrus crispus TUBB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000219109 Citrullus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000241235 Citrullus lanatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009831 Citrullus lanatus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012828 Citrullus lanatus var citroides Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000131522 Citrus pyriformis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000218631 Coniferophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000344695 Cotesia marginiventris Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001454993 Cotesia rubecula Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010071 Cucumis prophetarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZAKOWWREFLAJOT-CEFNRUSXSA-N D-alpha-tocopherylacetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C ZAKOWWREFLAJOT-CEFNRUSXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000000731 Fagus sylvatica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010099 Fagus sylvatica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001412225 Firmiana simplex Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001424785 Geocoridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000545744 Hirudinea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004343 Indigofera suffruticosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008415 Lactuca sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003228 Lactuca sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218652 Larix Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005590 Larix decidua Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007472 Leucaena leucocephala Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209510 Liliopsida Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000208682 Liquidambar Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006552 Liquidambar styraciflua Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010629 Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000721621 Myzus persicae Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000180308 Ocimum basilicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007926 Ocimum gratissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000038248 Pennisetum spicatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006002 Pepper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000351396 Picea asperata Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000907661 Pieris rapae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016761 Piper aduncum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003889 Piper guineense Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017804 Piper guineense Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008184 Piper nigrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000168036 Populus alba Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000183024 Populus tremula Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000124033 Salix Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- 101150114468 TUB1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150025182 TUBB1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000332824 Tsuga chinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010183 Tsuga mertensiana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010749 Vicia faba Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006677 Vicia faba Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002098 Vicia faba var. major Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000482268 Zea mays subsp. mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940065181 bacillus anthracis Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003181 biological factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003021 clonogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012272 crop production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004665 defense response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005547 deoxyribonucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002637 deoxyribonucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000024346 drought recovery Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007831 electrophysiology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002001 electrophysiology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241001233957 eudicotyledons Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002475 indoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930003658 monoterpene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002773 monoterpene derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000002577 monoterpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009928 pasteurization Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYMDGNCVAMGZFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbutazonum Chemical compound O=C1C(CCCC)C(=O)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 VYMDGNCVAMGZFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008654 plant damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000419 plant extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000062645 predators Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008786 sensory perception of smell Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002864 sequence alignment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930004725 sesquiterpene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004354 sesquiterpene derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020354 squash Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/22—Bacillus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/205—Bacterial isolates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/07—Bacillus
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了接种剂,其包含芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)细菌,并诱导用所述接种剂处理过的植物产生挥发性有机化合物(VOC)。
Description
技术领域
本发明的主题内容涉及植物根际促生菌(PGPR)的领域。具体来说,本发明的主题内容涉及PGPR,其诱导用所述细菌处理过的植物产生挥发性有机化合物。
背景技术
事实上,植物中挥发性有机化合物(VOC)的诱导尚未经过调查,尽管有证据表明植物挥发性物质的诱导依赖于生物性因素例如植物激素(de Bruxelles和Roberts,2001;Ament等,2004)、草食性动物来源的激发子(Spiteller和Boland,2003)和伴生微生物包括病原体(Preston等,1999;Cardoza等,2002)以及非生物性因素例如创伤(Mithofer等,2005)、重金属(Mithofer等,2004)以及温度和光(Takabayashi等,1994)的相互作用。植物根际促生菌(PGPR)代表了一大类移生根部的细菌,其应用通常与提高植物生长速度(Kloepper,1992;Zehnder等,1997)、抑制土壤病原体(Schippers等,1987)和诱导针对昆虫害虫的***抗性(Kloepper等,1999;Ryu等,2004)相关。考虑到在世界上的某些地区PGPR正被越来越多地应用于几种大田作物的生产(Backman等,1997;Cleyet-Marcel等,2001),对植物中VOC的诱导和PGPR是否能够影响植物中VOC的产生的研究之缺乏是令人吃惊的。Backman等(1997)报道了60-75%的美国棉花作物用PGPR产品进行处理,这是一种用于抑制镰刀菌属(Fusarium)和丝核菌属(Rhizoctonia)土壤病原体的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)产品。在该文献中,研究了PGPR对棉花挥发性物质的诱导的潜在影响以及吸引棉花草食性动物和它们的拟寄生物的结果。令人吃惊的是,观察到PGPR以重要影响力引起植物VOC的变化。 关于PGPR对植物挥发性物质诱导和昆虫-植物相互作用的影响的知识,可能有助于提高PGPR产品的采用率和更好产品的开发,并且也有助于减轻这些产品的潜在负面影响。
发明概述
本发明公开了分离的植物根际促生菌(PGPR)及其接种剂,其诱导用所述PGPR处理过的植物产生一种或多种挥发性有机化合物(VOC)。适合的PGPR可以包括芽孢杆菌属菌种。
所述由植物产生的VOC可以包括但不限于选自α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、乙酸顺-3-己烯酯、柠檬烯、β-罗勒烯、芳樟醇、(E)-4,8-二甲基-1,3,7-壬三烯、水杨酸甲酯、癸醛、顺-茉莉酮、石竹烯、α-蛇麻烯、β-法呢烯的化合物及其混合物。由PGPR处理过的植物产生的VOC优选改变暴露于所述VOC的昆虫的行为。在某些实施方式中,所述昆虫是草食性动物,并且所述VOC减少所述昆虫在植物上产卵或昆虫以植物为食。在其他实施方式中,所述昆虫是肉食性动物或拟寄生物,并且所述VOC将所述肉食性动物或拟寄生物吸引到植物。
PGPR可以是细菌的单一菌株、菌种或菌属,或者可以包含多种菌株、菌种或菌属的混合物。例如,PGPR可以选自包括但不限于下列的属:放线菌属(Actinobacter),产碱杆菌属(Alcaligenes),芽孢杆菌属,伯克氏菌属(Burkholderia),布丘氏菌属(Buttiauxella),肠杆菌属(Enterobacter),克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella),克鲁维菌属(Kluyvera),假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),拉恩氏菌属(Rahnella),罗尔斯通菌属(Ralstonia),根瘤菌属(Rhizobium),沙雷氏菌属(Serratia),寡养食单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas),类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)和赖氨酸芽孢杆菌属(Lysinibacillus)。
所述PGPR可以包括芽孢杆菌属细菌。所述芽孢杆菌属细菌可以具有包含SEQ IDNO:1、SEQ ID NO:2、SEQ ID NO:3或SEQ ID NO: 4的16S rDNA核酸序列,或者可以包含与SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:2、SEQ ID NO:3、SEQ ID NO:4和SEQ ID NO:5中的一个或多个具有至少90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%的序列同一性的16SrDNA核酸序列。具体的芽孢杆菌属细菌可以包括解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillusamyloliquefaciens)(例如解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株AP-136,其于2011年12月2日在登记号NRRLB-50614下保藏于美国农业部(United States Department of Agriculture);例如解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株AP-188,其于2011年12月2日在登记号NRRL B-50615下保藏于美国农业部;解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株AP-218,其于2011年12月2日在登记号NRRL B-50618下保藏于美国农业部;解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株AP-219,其于2011年12月2日在登记号NRRL B-50619下保藏于美国农业部;以及解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株AP-295,其于2011年12月2日在登记号NRRL B-50620下保藏于美国农业部);莫哈韦芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mojavensis)(例如莫哈韦芽孢杆菌菌株AP-209,其于2011年12月2日在登记号NRRL B-50616下保藏于美国农业部);盐土芽孢杆菌(例如盐土芽孢杆菌菌株AP-217,其于2011年12月2日在登记号NRRL B-50617下保藏于美国农业部);短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)(例如短小芽孢杆菌菌株INR-7(也被称为BU F-22,其于2008年7月23日在登记号NRRL B-50153下保藏于美国农业部;以及BU-F33,其于2008年10月15日在登记号NRRL B-50185下保藏于美国农业部));简单芽孢杆菌(Bacillussimplex)(例如简单芽孢杆菌菌株ABU 288,其于2010年1月19日在登记号NRRL B-50340下保藏于美国农业部);以及枯草芽孢杆菌(枯草芽孢杆菌菌株MBI 600,其于2011年11月10日在登记号NRRL B-50595下保藏于美国农业部),及其混合物或掺混物。
还公开了包含本文公开的PGPR并任选包含载体的接种剂。所述接种剂可以包含其他活性成分,例如植物激素(如3-羟基丁酮、2,3-丁二醇和吲哚乙酸)以及抗微生物化合物(如苯乙醇和4-羟基苯甲酸盐)。
可将所公开的PGPR及其接种剂用在改变昆虫对植物的行为的方法中。在某些实施方式中,所述方法包括向植物、植物的种子、块茎或根状茎或植物周围的土壤或环境施用包含所述PGPR的接种剂。所述方法可以减少草食性动物在植物上产卵或以所述植物为食,和/或可以将肉食性动物或拟寄生物吸引到植物。适用于所述方法的植物包括但不限于苜蓿、水稻、大麦、黑麦、棉花、向日葵、花生、玉米、马铃薯、甘薯、菜豆、豌豆、小扁豆菊苣、生菜、苦苣、卷心菜、抱子甘蓝、甜菜、欧洲防风草、芜菁、花椰菜、西兰花、芜菁、小萝卜、菠菜、洋葱、大蒜、茄子辣椒、芹菜、胡萝卜、南瓜(squash)、倭瓜(pumpkin)、西葫芦、黄瓜、苹果、梨、甜瓜、柑橘、草莓、葡萄、覆盆子、菠萝、大豆、低芥酸油菜、油菜、春小麦、冬小麦、烟草、番茄、高粱和甘蔗。
附图简述
图1.未处理的(对照)棉花植物与用PGPR菌株INR-7、PGPR掺混物8,或PGPR掺混物9处理的棉花植物相比,顶部空间挥发物的色谱图。鉴定到的化合物:(1)α-蒎烯;(2)β-蒎烯;(3)β-月桂烯;(4)乙酸顺-3-己烯酯;(5)柠檬烯;(6)β-罗勒烯;(7)芳樟醇;(8)未知;(9)石竹烯;(10)α-蛇麻烯;(11)β-法呢烯。
图2.从未处理的未被毛虫侵袭的(对照1)棉花植物、未处理的被毛虫侵袭的(对照2)棉花植物、PGPR掺混物9处理的未被毛虫侵袭的棉花植物和PGPR掺混物9处理的被毛虫侵袭的棉花植物收集到的顶部空间挥发物的色谱图。鉴定到的化合物:(1)顺式-3-己烯醛;(2)反式-2-己烯醛;(3)顺式-3-己烯-1-醇;(4)反式-2-己烯-1-醇;(5)α-蒎烯;(6)β-蒎烯;(7)月桂烯;(8)乙酸顺-3-己烯酯;(9)乙酸反-2-己烯酯;(10)柠檬烯;(11)β-罗勒烯;(12)芳樟醇;(13)未知;(14)(E)-4,8-二甲基-1,3,7-壬三烯;(15)丁酸顺-3-己烯酯;(16)丁酸反-2-己烯酯;(17)正癸醛;(18)2-甲基丁酸顺-3-己烯酯;(19)2-甲基丁酸反-2-己烯酯;(20)吲哚;(21)惕各酸异丁酯;(22)惕各酸(E)-2-己烯酯;(23)顺-茉莉酮;(24)石竹烯;(25)α-反式香柑油烯;(26)α-法呢烯;(27)α-蛇麻烯;(28)β-法呢烯。
图3.未处理的(对照)棉花植物与用PGPR菌株INR-7、PGPR掺混物8或PGPR掺混物9处理的棉花植物相比的根表面积(cm2)。用不同字母指示的平均值具有显著差异(P<0.05,ANOVA,Tukey-Kramer HSD多重比较检验,n=8)。
图4.未处理的(对照)棉花植物与用PGPR菌株INR-7、PGPR掺混物8或PGPR掺混物9处理的棉花植物相比的根体积(cm3)。用不同字母指示的平均值具有显著差异(P<0.05,ANOVA,Tukey-Kramer HSD多重比较检验,n=8)。
图5.未处理的(对照)棉花植物与用PGPR菌株INR-7、PGPR掺混物8或PGPR掺混物9处理的棉花植物相比的根干重(g)。用不同字母指示的平均值具有显著差异(P<0.05,ANOVA,Tukey-Kramer HSD多重比较检验,n=8)。
图6.在四选嗅觉计中无经验的雌性红足侧沟茧蜂(M.croceipes)对未处理的(对照)棉花植物与用PGPR菌株INR-7、PGPR掺混物9处理的棉花植物或空白对照(空仓室)的反应的比较。每天试验32只拟寄生物并重复5次。用不同字母指示的平均值具有显著差异(P<0.05,ANOVA,Tukey-Kramer HSD多重比较检验,n=5)。
图7.在四选嗅觉计中无经验的雌性红足侧沟茧蜂对未处理的被侵袭的(对照)棉花植物与用PGPR掺混物9处理的被侵袭的、用PGPR掺混物9处理的未被侵袭的棉花植物或空白对照(空仓室)的反应的比较。用30只烟芽夜蛾(H.virescens)毛虫对植物进行侵袭。每天试验32只拟寄生物并重复4次。用不同字母指示的平均值具有显著差异(P<0.05,ANOVA,Tukey-Kramer HSD多重比较检验,n=4)。
图8.在四选嗅觉计中无经验的雌性红足侧沟茧蜂对未处理的被侵袭的(对照)棉花植物与用PGPR掺混物9处理的被侵袭的、用PGPR掺混物9处理的未被侵袭的棉花植物或空白对照(空仓室)的反应的比较。用2只烟芽夜蛾毛虫对植物进行侵袭。每天试验32只拟寄生物并重复4次。用不同字母指示的平均值具有显著差异(P<0.05,ANOVA,Tukey-Kramer HSD多重比较检验,n=4)。
图9.PGPR对产卵批次数(A)和产卵总数(B)的影响。
图10.未处理的(对照)棉花植物与用PGPR菌株MBI 600或PGPR菌株ABU 288处理的棉花植物相比,顶部空间挥发物的色谱图。箭头表示在PGPR处理过的植物中检测到但是在未处理的(对照)植物中没有检测到的挥发物峰。
详细描述
下面进一步描述本公开的主题内容。
除非另有说明或通过上下文指明,否则没有具体数量的指称是指“一个或多个”。例如,除非另有说明或通过上下文指明,否则“肽”应该被解释为“一种或多种肽”。
当在本文中使用时,“约”、“大约”、“基本上”和“显著地”将为本领域的普通技术人员所理解,并且根据它们所使用的上下文可以有一定程度的差异。如果所述术语的使用使本领域的普通技术人员不能根据它所使用的上下文做出清楚理解时,“约”和“大约”将意味着特定项加上或减去≤10%,“基本上”和“显著地”将意味着特定项加上或减去>10%。
当在本文中使用时,术语“包括”与术语“包含”具有相同意义。
本文中使用的术语“植物”应该被宽泛地解释,并可以包括被子植物和裸子植物、双子叶植物和单子叶植物以及乔木。双子叶被子植物的实例可以包括但不限于番茄、烟草、棉花、油菜籽,蚕豆、大豆、胡椒、生菜、豌豆、苜蓿、三叶草、卷心菜、西兰花、花椰菜、抱子甘蓝、小萝卜、胡萝卜、甜菜、茄子、菠菜、黄瓜、南瓜、甜瓜、哈密瓜和向日葵。单子叶被子植物的实例可以包括但不限于芦笋、饲料玉米和甜玉米、大麦、小麦、水稻、高粱、洋葱、珍珠粟、黑麦、燕麦和甘蔗。木本植物可以包括但不限于果树、金合欢、桤木、山杨、榉木、桦木、香枫、美国梧桐、白杨、柳树、冷杉、松树、云杉、落叶松、雪松、铁杉。
术语“植物根际促生菌”或“PGPR”是指移生在植物根部并同时促进植物生长和/或减少疾病或来自于肉食性动物的损伤的一类细菌。作为PGPR的细菌可以属于包括但不限于下列的属:放线菌属(Actinobacter),产碱杆菌属(Alcaligenes),芽孢杆菌属,伯克氏菌属(Burkholderia),布丘氏菌属(Buttiauxella),肠杆菌属(Enterobacter),克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella),克鲁维菌属(Kluyvera),假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),拉恩氏菌属(Rahnella),罗尔斯通菌属(Ralstonia),根瘤菌属(Rhizobium),沙雷氏菌属(Serratia),寡养食单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas),类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)和赖氨酸芽孢杆菌属(Lysinibacillus)。
术语“挥发性有机化合物”或“VOC”是指在环境条件下一般为气态的有机化合物。当在本文中使用时,VOC可以包括但不限于α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、乙酸顺-3-己烯酯、柠檬烯、β-罗勒烯、芳樟醇、(E)-4,8-二甲基-1,3,7-壬三烯、水杨酸甲酯、癸醛、顺-茉莉酮、石竹烯、α-蛇麻烯、β-法呢烯及其混合物。正如在本文中所公开的,已鉴定到诱导植物发出VOC的PGPR。
本文公开的PGPR可以被配制成用于植物的接种剂。术语“接种剂”是指包括PGPR的分离培养物并任选包括载体的制剂,所述载体可以包括生物可接受的介质。
本文公开的PGPR可以是分离的或基本上纯化的。术语“分离的”或“基本上纯化的”是指PGPR已经从天然环境中取出并已被分离或分开,并且至少60%不含、优选地至少75%不含、更优选地至少90%不含、甚至更优选地至少95%不含、并且最优选至少100%不含与它们天然相伴的其他组分。“分离培养物”是指PGPR的培养物不包含显著量的其他材料,例如在其中生长PGPR和/或一般可以从其获得PGPR的土壤中通常存在的其他材料。“分离培养物”可以是不包含其量足以干扰“分 离培养物”的复制的任何其他生物、微生物和/或细菌物种的培养物。可以将PGPR的分离培养物合并以制备PGPR的混合培养物。
当在本文中使用时,芽孢杆菌属是指一类革兰氏阳性的杆状细菌,其是厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的成员。在胁迫性环境条件下,芽孢杆菌属细菌产生椭圆形内生孢子,其可以长时间保持休眠状态。芽孢杆菌属细菌可以根据它们的16S rRNA或其片段的核苷酸序列(例如16S rRNA或rDNA核苷酸序列的约1000nt、1100nt、1200nt、1300nt、1400nt、或1500nt的片段)来表征或鉴定。芽孢杆菌属细菌可以包括但不限于酸快生芽孢杆菌(B.acidiceler)、酸居芽孢杆菌(B.acidicola)、产酸芽孢杆菌(B.acidiproducens)、B.aeolius、空气芽孢杆菌(B.aerius)、嗜气芽孢杆菌(B.aerophilus)、黏琼脂芽孢杆菌(B.agaradhaerens)、艾丁湖芽孢杆菌(B.aidingensis)、秋叶氏芽孢杆菌(B.akibai)、嗜碱芽孢杆菌(B.alcalophilus)、藻居芽孢杆菌(B.algicola)、B.alkalinitrilicus、B.alkalisediminis、碱土芽孢杆菌(B.alkalitelluris)、高地芽孢杆菌(B.altitudinis)、香鱼海槽芽孢杆菌(B.alveayuensis)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B.amyloliquefaciens)、炭疽芽孢杆菌(B.anthracis)、海水芽孢杆菌(B.aquimaris)、砷芽孢杆菌(B.arsenicus)、B.aryabhattai、风井氏芽孢杆菌(B.asahii)、深褐芽孢杆菌(B.atrophaeus)、金橙色芽孢杆菌(B.aurantiacus)、产氮芽孢杆菌(B.azotoformans)、栗褐芽孢杆菌(B.badius)、罕见芽孢杆菌(B.barbaricus)、巴达维亚芽孢杆菌(B.bataviensis)、北京芽孢杆菌(B.beijingensis)、食苯芽孢杆菌(B.benzoevorans)、B.beveridgei、博戈里亚芽孢杆菌(B.bogoriensis)、嗜硼芽孢杆菌(B.boroniphilus)、食丁酸芽孢杆菌(B.butanolivorans)、B.canaveralius、嗜碳芽孢杆菌(B.carboniphilus)、科研中心芽孢杆菌(B.cecembensis)、解纤维芽孢杆菌(B.cellulosilyticus)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(B.cereus)、恰甘诺湖芽孢杆菌(B.chagannorensis)、长安芽孢杆菌(B.chungangensis)、食物芽孢杆菌(B.cibi)、环状芽孢杆菌(B.circulans)、克氏芽孢杆菌(B.clarkii)、克劳氏芽孢杆菌(B.clausii)、凝结芽孢杆菌(B.coagulans)、考卉那 芽孢杆菌(B.coahuilensis)、科氏芽孢杆菌(B.cohnii)、腐叶芽孢杆菌(B.decisifrondis)、脱色芽孢杆菌(B.decolorationis)、钻特省芽孢杆菌(B.drentensis)、混料芽孢杆菌(B.farraginis)、苛求芽孢杆菌(B.fastidiosus)、坚强芽孢杆菌(B.firmus)、弯曲芽孢杆菌(B.flexus)、小孔芽孢杆菌(B.foraminis)、福氏芽孢杆菌(B.fordii)、强壮芽孢杆菌(B.fortis)、气孔芽孢杆菌(B.fumarioli)、绳索状芽孢杆菌(B.funiculus)、解半乳糖苷芽孢杆菌(B.galactosidilyticus)、B.galliciensis、明胶芽孢杆菌(B.gelatini)、吉氏芽孢杆菌(B.gibsonii)、人参芽孢杆菌(B.ginsengi)、人参土芽孢杆菌(B.ginsengihumi)、B.graminis、盐敏芽孢杆菌(B.halmapalus)、B.halochares、耐盐芽孢杆菌(B.halodurans)、解半纤维素芽孢杆菌(B.hemicellulosilyticus)、黑布施泰因芽孢杆菌(B.herbertsteinensis)、崛越氏芽孢杆菌(B.horikoshi)、B.horneckiae、花园芽孢杆菌(B.horti)、土地芽孢杆菌(B.humi)、花津滩芽孢杆菌(B.hwajinpoensis)、病研所芽孢杆菌(B.idriensis)、印度芽孢杆菌(B.indicus)、婴儿芽孢杆菌(B.infantis)、深层芽孢杆菌(B.infernus)、伊氏芽孢杆菌(B.isabeliae)、B.isronensis、咸海鲜芽孢杆菌(B.jeotgali),韩国芽孢杆菌(B.koreensis)、B.korlensis、韩研所芽孢杆菌(B.kribbensis)、克鲁氏芽孢杆菌(B.krulwichiae)、列城芽孢杆菌(B.lehensis)、迟缓芽孢杆菌(B.lentus)、地衣芽孢杆菌(B.licheniformis)、岸滨芽孢杆菌(B.litoralis)、B.locisalis、坎德玛斯岛芽孢杆菌(B.luciferensis)、B.luteolus、澳门芽孢杆菌(B.macauensis)、马氏芽孢杆菌(B.macyae)、解甘露糖醇芽孢杆菌(B.mannanilyticus)、黄海芽孢杆菌(B.marisflavi)、B.marmarensis、马赛芽孢杆菌(B.massiliensis)、巨兽芽孢杆菌(B.megaterium)、甲醇芽孢杆菌(B.methanolicus)、甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(B.methylotrophicus)、莫哈韦芽孢杆菌、壁芽孢杆菌(B.muralis)、马丁教堂芽孢杆菌(B.murimartini)、蕈状芽孢杆菌(B.mycoides)、B.nanhaiensis、B.nanhaiisediminis、尼氏芽孢杆菌(B.nealsonii)、B.neizhouensis、农研所芽孢杆菌(B.niabensis)、烟酸芽孢杆菌(B.niacini)、休闲地芽孢杆菌(B.novalis)、B.oceanisediminis、奥德赛芽孢杆菌(B.odysseyi)、 奥哈芽孢杆菌(B.okhensis)、奥飞蝉温泉芽孢杆菌(B.okuhidensis)、蔬菜芽孢杆菌(B.oleronius)、大岛芽孢杆菌(B.oshimensis)、人参地块芽孢杆菌(B.panaciterrae)、巴塔哥尼亚芽孢杆菌(B.patagoniensis)、B.persepolensis、海绵芽孢杆菌(B.plakortidis)、抱川芽孢杆菌(B.pocheonensis)、蓼属植物芽孢杆菌(B.polygoni)、假嗜碱芽孢杆菌(B.pseudoalcaliphilus)、假坚强芽孢杆菌(B.pseudofirmus)、假真菌样芽孢杆菌(B.pseudomycoides)、冷解糖芽孢杆菌(B.psychrosaccharolyticus)、短小芽孢杆菌、青岛芽孢杆菌(B.qingdaonensis)、B.rigui、农庄芽孢杆菌(B.ruris)、沙福芽孢杆菌(B.safensis)、盐芽孢杆菌(B.salarius)、喜盐芽孢杆菌(B.saliphilus)、施氏芽孢杆菌(B.schlegelii)、硒砷芽孢杆菌(B.selenatarsenatis)、还原硒酸盐芽孢杆菌(B.selenitireducens)、西岸芽孢杆菌(B.seohaeanensis)、沙氏芽孢杆菌(B.shackletonii)、B.siamensis、简单芽孢杆菌、青贮窖芽孢杆菌(B.siralis)、史氏芽孢杆菌(B.smithii)、土壤芽孢杆菌(B.soli)、B.solisalsi、索诺拉沙漠芽孢杆菌(B.sonorensis)、耐热芽孢芽孢杆菌(B.sporothermodurans)、平流层芽孢杆菌(B.stratosphericus)、地下芽孢杆菌(B.subterraneus)、枯草芽孢杆菌、大安芽孢杆菌(B.taeansis)、特基拉芽孢杆菌(B.tequilensis)、热南极芽孢杆菌(B.thermantarcticus)、热噬淀粉芽孢杆菌(B.thermoamylovorans)、热阴沟芽孢杆菌(B.thermocloacae)、B.thermolactis、产硫芽孢杆菌(B.thioparans)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(B.thuringiensis)、B.tripoxylicola、多斯加尼芽孢杆菌(B.tusciae)、死谷芽孢杆菌(B.vallismortis)、威氏芽孢杆菌(B.vedderi)、越南芽孢杆菌(B.vietnamensis)、原野芽孢杆菌(B.vireti)、和光芽孢杆菌(B.wakoensis)、韦施泰凡芽孢杆菌(B.weihenstephanensis)、B.xiaoxiensis,及其混合物或掺混物。
本文公开的PGPR及其接种剂可以包含解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B.amyloliquefaciens)或与解淀粉芽孢杆菌近缘的芽孢杆菌属菌种。解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株Chilli-1的16S核糖体rDNA的部分序列(GenBank登 记号HQ021420.1)在本文中提供为SEQ ID NO:1。与解淀粉芽孢杆菌近缘的芽孢杆菌属菌种可以被定义为:具有包含SEQ ID NO:1的16S rDNA序列、或者包含与SEQ ID NO:1具有至少约98%或99%的序列同一性的16S rDNA序列的菌种。
本文公开的PGPR及其接种剂可以包含莫哈韦芽孢杆菌或与莫哈韦芽孢杆菌近缘的芽孢杆菌属菌种。莫哈韦芽孢杆菌菌株NBSL51的16S核糖体rDNA的部分序列(GenBank登记号JN624928.1)在本文中提供为SEQ ID NO:2。与莫哈韦芽孢杆菌近缘的芽孢杆菌属菌种可以被定义为:具有包含SEQ ID NO:2的16S rDNA序列、或者包含与SEQ ID NO:2具有至少约98%或99%的序列同一性的16S rDNA序列的菌种。
本文公开的PGPR及其接种剂可以包含盐土芽孢杆菌或与盐土芽孢杆菌近缘的芽孢杆菌属菌种。盐土芽孢杆菌菌株YC1的16S核糖体rDNA的部分序列(GenBank登记号NR_044387)在本文中提供为SEQ ID NO:3。与盐土芽孢杆菌近缘的芽孢杆菌属菌种可以被定义为:具有包含SEQ ID NO:3的16S rDNA序列、或者包含与SEQ ID NO:3具有至少约91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%的序列同一性的16S rDNA序列的菌种。
本文公开的PGPR及其接种剂可以包含短小芽孢杆菌或与短小芽孢杆菌近缘的芽孢杆菌属菌种。短小芽孢杆菌菌株TUB1的16S核糖体rDNA的部分序列(GenBank登记号HE613653.1)在本文中提供为SEQ ID NO:4。与短小芽孢杆菌近缘的芽孢杆菌属菌种可以被定义为:具有包含SEQ ID NO:4的16S rDNA序列、或者包含与SEQ ID NO:4具有至少约96%、97%、98%或99%的序列同一性的16S rDNA序列的菌种。
本文公开的PGPR及其接种剂可以包含简单芽孢杆菌或与简单芽孢杆菌近缘的芽孢杆菌属菌种。简单芽孢杆菌菌株NH.259的16S核糖体 rDNA的部分序列(GenBank登记号EU627171.1)在本文中提供为SEQ ID NO:5。与简单芽孢杆菌近缘的芽孢杆菌属菌种可以被定义为:具有包含SEQ ID NO:5的16S rDNA序列、或者包含与SEQ ID NO:5具有至少约93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%的序列同一性的16S rDNA序列的菌种。
本文公开的PGPR及其接种剂可以包含枯草芽孢杆菌或与枯草芽孢杆菌近缘的芽孢杆菌属菌种。枯草芽孢杆菌菌株GB03的16S核糖体rDNA的部分序列(GenBank登记号DQ683077)在本文中提供为SEQ ID NO:6。与枯草芽孢杆菌近缘的芽孢杆菌属菌种可以被定义为:具有包含SEQ ID NO:6的16S rDNA序列、或者包含与SEQ ID NO:6具有至少约98%或99%的序列同一性的16S rDNA序列的菌种。
在本文公开的包含芽孢杆菌属细菌的接种剂的某些实施方式中,芽孢杆菌属菌种不是枯草芽孢杆菌,并且不是与枯草芽孢杆菌近缘的芽孢杆菌属菌种。不与枯草芽孢杆菌近缘的芽孢杆菌属菌种可以被定义为:具有与SEQ ID NO:5具有不超过99%、98%、97%、96%、95%、94%、93%、92%或91%的序列同一性的16S rDNA序列的菌种。
“序列同一性百分率”,可以使用可在国家生物技术信息中心(National Centerfor Biotechnology Information)(NCBI)网站获得的基本局部比对搜索工具(BasicLocal Alignment Search Tool)(BLAST),通过将两个相等长度的序列比对来确定(即“bl2seq”,其描述在Tatiana A.Tatusova,Thomas L.Madden(1999),“两个序列的Blast——用于比较蛋白质和核苷酸序列的新工具”(Blast 2sequences-a new tool forcomparing protein and nucleotidesequences),FEMS Microbiol Lett.174:247-250,在此以其全文引为参考)。例如,SEQ ID NO:1与SEQ ID NO:5之间的序列同一性百分率,可以使用在NCBI网站提供的在线BLAST软件,通过将这两个序列进行比对来确定。
两个脱氧核糖核苷酸序列之间的“序列同一性百分率”,也可以使用Kimura双参数距离模型来确定,所述模型对多次命中进行校正,考虑到了转换和颠换取代率,同时假设四种核苷酸的频率相同并且位点之间的取代率没有差别(Nei和Kumar,2000),该模型在MEGA4(Tamura K,Dudley J,Nei M&Kumar S(2007)“MEGA4:分子进化遗传学分析(MEGA)软件4.0版”(MEGA4:Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis(MEGA)software version4.0.),Molecular Biology and Evolution 24:1596-1599)、优选为4.0.2或更晚的版本中实施。空位开放罚分和空位延伸罚分分别被设定在15和6.66。末端空位不罚分。延迟趋异序列切换被设定在30。转变权重分值为35被设为0.5,作为完全错配与匹配对分值之间的平衡。所使用的DNA权重矩阵是IUB计分矩阵,其中x和n匹配于任何IUB歧义符号,全部匹配分值为1.9,全部错配分值为0。
当在本文中使用时,“掺混物8”是指包括解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株AP-188、莫哈韦芽孢杆菌菌株AP-209、盐土芽孢杆菌菌株AP-217和解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株AP-218的芽孢杆菌属细菌的混合物(参见表1)。当在本文中使用时,“掺混物9”是指包括解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株AP-136、莫哈韦芽孢杆菌菌株AP-188、盐土芽孢杆菌菌株AP-219和解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株AP-295的芽孢杆菌属细菌的混合物。
本文公开的PGPR可用于处理植物并在处理过的植物中诱导VOC生产。例如,本文公开的PGPR可以配制成用于处理植物的接种剂。本文中设想的处理方法可以包括直接处理植物,包括直接处理植物的叶、茎或根。本文设想的处理方法可以包括例如在种植种子之前处理植物的种子以产生处理过的植物。本文设想的方法还可以包括间接处理植物,例如通过处理植物周围的土壤或环境(例如在犁沟中施用颗粒或液体)。适合的处理方法可以包括通过高压或低压喷雾、浸润和/或注射施用包含PGPR的接种剂。可以通过低压或高压喷雾、包衣、浸泡和/或注射施用来处理植物种子。在植物种子已经此处理后,可以将种子种植和栽培以产生植物。从这样的种子繁殖的植物可以用一种或多种施用方式进一步处理。适合的施用浓度可以凭经验确定。在PGPR作为喷雾剂施用到植物的某些实施方式中,适合的施用浓度可以包括每公顷植物喷洒106-1018菌落形成单位(cfu),更通常为每公顷107-1015cfu。对于包衣种子来说,在某些实施方式中,适合的施用浓度可以在每颗种子102-108cfu之间,优选在每颗种子104-107cfu之间。在其他实施方式中,PGPR可以作为秧苗浸根液或作为土壤浸润液,以约102-1012cfu/ml、104-1010cfu/ml或约106-108cfu/ml的浓度施用。
PGPR可以与适合的载体一起在组合物(例如接种剂)中施用。适合的载体可以包括但不限于水或其他水性溶液、浆液、固体(例如泥煤、小麦、麸皮、蛭石和巴氏消毒的土壤)或干粉。在某些实施方式中,组合物包含每毫升载体102-1012cfu或每毫升载体104-1010cfu或每毫升载体106-108cfu。组合物可以包含其他添加剂,包括缓冲剂、表面活性剂、佐剂或涂层剂。
本文公开的方法可用于改变昆虫对处理过的植物的行为。当在本文中使用时,“改变”昆虫的行为可以包括减少或阻止昆虫的负面行为和/或增加昆虫的正面行为。减少或阻止昆虫的负面行为可以包括减少或阻止来自于昆虫的损伤。例如,可以实施方法以减少或阻止草食性昆虫以处理过的植物为食。优选地,与未处理的植物相比,所述方法以在处理过的植物为食减少至少约10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%或90%。为食的减少可以通过在一段时间内对以处理过的植物和未处理过的植物为食的幼虫的体重进行比较来测量。为食的减少也可以通过比较由昆虫每次以植物为食造成的植物质量的损失来测量。还可以实施方法以减少或阻止草食性昆虫在处理过的植物上产卵。优选地,与未处理的植物相比,所述方法将在处理过的植物上的产卵(即,下卵)减少至少约10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%或90%。产卵的减少可以通过比较处理过的植物和未处理的植物上每只昆虫的产卵(例如卵的总数和/或卵的批次总数)来测量。行为可以通过本文公 开的方法改变的草食性昆虫可以包括但不限于甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)和菜青虫(Pieris rapae)。还可以实施方法以将昆虫的天敌吸引到处理过的植物,包括但不限于捕食性昆虫或昆虫拟寄生物。捕食性昆虫可以包括但不限于瓢虫(即瓢虫科(Coccinelidae))、猎蝽(即猎蝽科(Reduviidae))、大眼虫(即大眼蝽科(Geocoridae))、小花蝽(即Antrocoridae)、姬蝽(即姬蝽科(Nabidae))、草蜻蛉(即脉翅目(Neuroptera))和捕食性螨(即植缨螨科(Phytoseiidae))。昆虫拟寄生物可以包括但不限于Brachonid蜂(例如缘腹绒茧蜂(Cotesia marginiventris)、红足侧沟茧蜂(Microplitis croceipes)、粉蝶盘绒茧蜂(Cotesia rubecula)和科曼尼蚜茧蜂(Aphidius colemani))、Ichneumonid蜂、小蜂(例如桨角蚜小蜂属物种(Eretmocerus spp.)和丽蚜小蜂(Encarsia formosa))和寄蝇。
示例性实施方式
下面的实施方式是示例性的,不打算限制所宣称的主题内容。
实施方式1.分离的植物根际促生菌(PGPR),其诱导用所述PGPR处理过的植物产生一种或多种挥发性有机化合物(VOC),并且任选地所述PGPR选自下列的属:放线菌属,产碱杆菌属,芽孢杆菌属,伯克氏菌属,布丘氏菌属,肠杆菌属,克雷伯氏菌属,克鲁维菌属,假单胞菌属,拉恩氏菌属,罗尔斯通菌属,根瘤菌属,沙雷氏菌属,寡养食单胞菌属,类芽孢杆菌属和赖氨酸芽孢杆菌属。
实施方式2.实施方式1的PGPR,其中所述一种或多种VOC包含选自PGPR及其接种剂的一种或多种化合物。
实施方式3.前述实施方式任一项的PGPR,其中所述一种或多种VOC改变暴露于所述一种或多种VOC的昆虫的行为。
实施方式4.前述实施方式任一项的PGPR,其中所述昆虫是草食性动物,并且所述一种或多种VOC减少所述昆虫在植物上产卵。
实施方式5.前述实施方式任一项的PGPR,其中所述昆虫是草食性动物,并且所述一种或多种VOC减少所述昆虫以植物为食。
实施方式6.前述实施方式任一项的PGPR,其中所述昆虫是肉食性动物或拟寄生物,并且所述一种或多种VOC将所述肉食性动物或拟寄生物吸引到植物。
实施方式7.前述实施方式任一项的PGPR,其中所述PGPR是选自下列的芽孢杆菌属细菌:酸快生芽孢杆菌(B.acidiceler)、酸居芽孢杆菌(B.acidicola)、产酸芽孢杆菌(B.acidiproducens)、B.aeolius、空气芽孢杆菌(B.aerius)、嗜气芽孢杆菌(B.aerophilus)、黏琼脂芽孢杆菌(B.agaradhaerens)、艾丁湖芽孢杆菌(B.aidingensis)、秋叶氏芽孢杆菌(B.akibai)、嗜碱芽孢杆菌(B.alcalophilus)、藻居芽孢杆菌(B.algicola)、B.alkalinitrilicus、B.alkalisediminis、碱土芽孢杆菌(B.alkalitelluris)、高地芽孢杆菌(B.altitudinis)、香鱼海槽芽孢杆菌(B.alveayuensis)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B.amyloliquefaciens)、炭疽芽孢杆菌(B.anthracis)、海水芽孢杆菌(B.aquimaris)、砷芽孢杆菌(B.arsenicus)、B.aryabhattai、风井氏芽孢杆菌(B.asahii)、深褐芽孢杆菌(B.atrophaeus)、金橙色芽孢杆菌(B.aurantiacus)、产氮芽孢杆菌(B.azotoformans)、栗褐芽孢杆菌(B.badius)、罕见芽孢杆菌(B.barbaricus)、巴达维亚芽孢杆菌(B.bataviensis)、北京芽孢杆菌(B.beijingensis)、食苯芽孢杆菌(B.benzoevorans)、B.beveridgei、博戈里亚芽孢杆菌(B.bogoriensis)、嗜硼芽孢杆菌(B.boroniphilus)、食丁酸芽孢杆菌(B.butanolivorans)、B.canaveralius、嗜碳芽孢杆菌(B.carboniphilus)、科研中心芽孢杆菌(B.cecembensis)、解纤维芽孢杆菌(B.cellulosilyticus)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(B.cereus)、恰甘诺湖芽孢杆菌(B.chagannorensis)、长安芽孢杆菌(B.chungangensis)、食 物芽孢杆菌(B.cibi)、环状芽孢杆菌(B.circulans)、克氏芽孢杆菌(B.clarkii)、克劳氏芽孢杆菌(B.clausii)、凝结芽孢杆菌(B.coagulans)、考卉那芽孢杆菌(B.coahuilensis)、科氏芽孢杆菌(B.cohnii)、腐叶芽孢杆菌(B.decisifrondis)、脱色芽孢杆菌(B.decolorationis)、钻特省芽孢杆菌(B.drentensis)、混料芽孢杆菌(B.farraginis)、苛求芽孢杆菌(B.fastidiosus)、坚强芽孢杆菌(B.firmus)、弯曲芽孢杆菌(B.flexus)、小孔芽孢杆菌(B.foraminis)、福氏芽孢杆菌(B.fordii)、强壮芽孢杆菌(B.fortis)、气孔芽孢杆菌(B.fumarioli)、绳索状芽孢杆菌(B.funiculus)、解半乳糖苷芽孢杆菌(B.galactosidilyticus)、B.galliciensis、明胶芽孢杆菌(B.gelatini)、吉氏芽孢杆菌(B.gibsonii)、人参芽孢杆菌(B.ginsengi)、人参土芽孢杆菌(B.ginsengihumi)、B.graminis、盐敏芽孢杆菌(B.halmapalus)、B.halochares、耐盐芽孢杆菌(B.halodurans)、解半纤维素芽孢杆菌(B.hemicellulosilyticus)、黑布施泰因芽孢杆菌(B.herbertsteinensis)、崛越氏芽孢杆菌(B.horikoshi)、B.horneckiae、花园芽孢杆菌(B.horti)、土地芽孢杆菌(B.humi)、花津滩芽孢杆菌(B.hwajinpoensis)、病研所芽孢杆菌(B.idriensis)、印度芽孢杆菌(B.indicus)、婴儿芽孢杆菌(B.infantis)、深层芽孢杆菌(B.infernus)、伊氏芽孢杆菌(B.isabeliae)、B.isronensis、咸海鲜芽孢杆菌(B.jeotgali)、韩国芽孢杆菌(B.koreensis)、B.korlensis、韩研所芽孢杆菌(B.kribbensis)、克鲁氏芽孢杆菌(B.krulwichiae)、列城芽孢杆菌(B.lehensis)、迟缓芽孢杆菌(B.lentus)、地衣芽孢杆菌(B.licheniformis)、岸滨芽孢杆菌(B.litoralis)、B.locisalis、坎德玛斯岛芽孢杆菌(B.luciferensis)、B.luteolus、澳门芽孢杆菌(B.macauensis)、马氏芽孢杆菌(B.macyae)、解甘露糖醇芽孢杆菌(B.mannanilyticus)、黄海芽孢杆菌(B.marisflavi)、B.marmarensis、马赛芽孢杆菌(B.massiliensis)、巨兽芽孢杆菌(B.megaterium)、甲醇芽孢杆菌(B.methanolicus)、甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(B.methylotrophicus)、莫哈韦芽孢杆菌、壁芽孢杆菌(B.muralis)、马丁教堂芽孢杆菌(B.murimartini)、蕈状芽孢杆菌(B.mycoides)、B.nanhaiensis、B.nanhaiisediminis、尼氏芽孢杆菌(B.nealsonii)、B. neizhouensis、农研所芽孢杆菌(B.niabensis)、烟酸芽孢杆菌(B.niacini)、休闲地芽孢杆菌(B.novalis)、B.oceanisediminis、奥德赛芽孢杆菌(B.odysseyi)、奥哈芽孢杆菌(B.okhensis)、奥飞蝉温泉芽孢杆菌(B.okuhidensis)、蔬菜芽孢杆菌(B.oleronius)、大岛芽孢杆菌(B.oshimensis)、人参地块芽孢杆菌(B.panaciterrae)、巴塔哥尼亚芽孢杆菌(B.patagoniensis)、B.persepolensis、海绵芽孢杆菌(B.plakortidis)、抱川芽孢杆菌(B.pocheonensis)、蓼属植物芽孢杆菌(B.polygoni)、假嗜碱芽孢杆菌(B.pseudoalcaliphilus)、假坚强芽孢杆菌(B.pseudofirmus)、假真菌样芽孢杆菌(B.pseudomycoides)、冷解糖芽孢杆菌(B.psychrosaccharolyticus)、短小芽孢杆菌、青岛芽孢杆菌(B.qingdaonensis)、B.rigui、农庄芽孢杆菌(B.ruris)、沙福芽孢杆菌(B.safensis)、盐芽孢杆菌(B.salarius)、喜盐芽孢杆菌(B.saliphilus)、施氏芽孢杆菌(B.schlegelii)、硒砷芽孢杆菌(B.selenatarsenatis)、还原硒酸盐芽孢杆菌(B.selenitireducens)、西岸芽孢杆菌(B.seohaeanensis)、沙氏芽孢杆菌(B.shackletonii)、B.siamensis、简单芽孢杆菌、青贮窖芽孢杆菌(B.siralis)、史氏芽孢杆菌(B.smithii)、土壤芽孢杆菌(B.soli)、B.solisalsi、索诺拉沙漠芽孢杆菌(B.sonorensis)、耐热芽孢芽孢杆菌(B.sporothermodurans)、平流层芽孢杆菌(B.stratosphericus)、地下芽孢杆菌(B.subterraneus)、枯草芽孢杆菌、大安芽孢杆菌(B.taeansis)、特基拉芽孢杆菌(B.tequilensis)、热南极芽孢杆菌(B.thermantarcticus)、热噬淀粉芽孢杆菌(B.thermoamylovorans)、热阴沟芽孢杆菌(B.thermocloacae)、B.thermolactis、产硫芽孢杆菌(B.thioparans)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(B.thuringiensis)、B.tripoxylicola、多斯加尼芽孢杆菌(B.tusciae)、死谷芽孢杆菌(B.vallismortis)、威氏芽孢杆菌(B.vedderi)、越南芽孢杆菌(B.vietnamensis)、原野芽孢杆菌(B.vireti)、和光芽孢杆菌(B.wakoensis)、韦施泰凡芽孢杆菌(B.weihenstephanensis)、B.xiaoxiensis,及其混合物或掺混物。
实施方式8.实施方式7的芽孢杆菌属细菌,其中所述细菌具有的16S rDNA核酸序列包含SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:2、SEQ ID NO:3、SEQ ID NO:4、SEQ ID NO:5或SEQ ID NO:6。
实施方式9.实施方式7的芽孢杆菌属细菌,其中所述细菌具有的16S rDNA核酸序列与SEQ ID NO:1具有至少98%的同一性。
实施方式10.实施方式7-9任一项的芽孢杆菌属细菌,其中所述细菌具有的16SrDNA核酸序列与SEQ ID NO:2具有至少98%的同一性。
实施方式11.实施方式7-10任一项的芽孢杆菌属细菌,其中所述细菌具有的16SrDNA核酸序列与SEQ ID NO:3具有至少91%的同一性。
实施方式12.实施方式7-11任一项的芽孢杆菌属细菌,其中所述细菌具有的16SrDNA核酸序列与SEQ ID NO:4具有至少96%的同一性。
实施方式13.实施方式7-12任一项的芽孢杆菌属细菌,其中所述细菌具有的16SrDNA核酸序列与SEQ ID NO:5具有至少93%的同一性。
实施方式14.实施方式7-13任一项的芽孢杆菌属细菌,其中所述细菌具有的16SrDNA核酸序列与SEQ ID NO:6具有至少98%的同一性。
实施方式14.实施方式7的芽孢杆菌属细菌,其中所述细菌选自解淀粉芽孢杆菌、莫哈韦芽孢杆菌、盐土芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌、简单芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌及其混合物。
实施方式15.实施方式7的芽孢杆菌属细菌,其中所述细菌是解淀粉芽孢杆菌。
实施方式16.实施方式15的芽孢杆菌属细菌,其中所述细菌选自解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株AP-136、解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株AP-188、解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株AP-218、解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株AP-219和解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株AP-295。
实施方式17.实施方式7的芽孢杆菌属细菌,其中所述细菌是莫哈韦芽孢杆菌。
实施方式18.实施方式17的芽孢杆菌属细菌,其中所述细菌是莫哈韦芽孢杆菌菌株AP-209。
实施方式19.实施方式7的芽孢杆菌属细菌,其中所述细菌是盐土芽孢杆菌。
实施方式20.实施方式19的芽孢杆菌属细菌,其中所述细菌是盐土芽孢杆菌菌株AP-217。
实施方式21.实施方式7的芽孢杆菌属细菌,其中所述细菌是短小芽孢杆菌。
实施方式22.实施方式21的芽孢杆菌属细菌,其中所述细菌是短小芽孢杆菌菌株INR-7。
实施方式23.实施方式7的芽孢杆菌属细菌,其中所述细菌是简单芽孢杆菌。
实施方式24.实施方式23的芽孢杆菌属细菌,其中所述细菌是简单芽孢杆菌菌株ABU 288。
实施方式25.实施方式7的芽孢杆菌属细菌,其中所述细菌是枯草芽孢杆菌菌株MBI 600。
实施方式26.实施方式7的芽孢杆菌属细菌,其中所述细菌包含芽孢杆菌属菌种的混合物。
实施方式27.一种用于植物的接种剂,其包含前述实施方式任一项的PGPR以及载体。
实施方式28.实施方式27的接种剂,其还包含植物激素、抗微生物化合物或两者。
实施方式29.实施方式28的接种剂,其中所述植物激素选自3-羟基丁酮、2,3-丁二醇和吲哚乙酸,并且所述抗微生物化合物选自苯乙醇和4-羟基苯甲酸盐。
实施方式30.一种改变昆虫对植物的行为的方法,所述方法包括向植物、植物的种子或植物周围的土壤施用实施方式27-29任一项的接种剂。
实施方式31.实施方式30的方法,其中所述昆虫是草食性动物,并且所述方法减少所述昆虫在所述植物上产卵。
实施方式32.实施方式30或31的方法,其中所述昆虫是草食性动物,并且所述方法减少所述昆虫以所述植物为食。
实施方式33.实施方式30-32任一项的方法,其中所述昆虫是肉食性动物或拟寄生物,并且所述方法将所述肉食性动物或拟寄生物吸引到所述植物。
实施方式34.实施方式30-33任一项的方法,其中所述植物选自苜蓿、水稻、大麦、黑麦、棉花、向日葵、花生、玉米、马铃薯、甘薯、菜豆、豌豆、小扁豆、菊苣、生菜、苦苣、卷心菜、抱子甘蓝、甜菜、欧洲防风草、芜菁、花椰菜、西兰花、芜菁、小萝卜、菠菜、洋葱、大蒜、茄子辣椒、芹菜、胡萝卜、南瓜、倭瓜、西葫芦、黄瓜、苹果、梨、甜瓜、柑橘、草莓、葡萄、覆盆子、菠萝、大豆、低芥酸油菜、油菜、春小麦、冬小麦、烟草、番茄、高粱和甘蔗。
实施例
下面的实施例是示例性的,并且不打算限制所宣称的主题内容的范围。
实施例1–植物根际促生菌对棉花植物挥发物诱导和拟寄生物吸引的影响
摘要
已知寄生蜂(拟寄生物)利用各种类型的寄主相关的挥发性信号作为寄主位置的线索。这些挥发性信号可以是基于植物的、源自于草食性动物寄主的、或产生自草食性动物及其植物寄主之间的相互作用的。拟寄生物抑制害虫数量的成功,取决于它们在复杂的嗅觉和视觉环境中定位寄主的能力。尽管寄主-拟寄生物的相互作用极受关注,但在该类昆虫中嗅觉通讯的某些方面尚未得到很好地理解。
在这里,进行了研究以评估植物根际促生菌(PGPR)诱导棉花挥发物的潜力以及拟寄生物的响应结果。评估了三种PGPR处理:i)短小芽孢杆菌菌株INR-7,以及芽孢杆菌属细菌的两种掺混物。还测试了未处理的(水)对照。在从PGPR处理的和未处理的棉花植物收集的顶部空间挥发物中存在定量和定性差别。从PGPR处理的棉花植物的顶部空间检测到总共11个表示VOC的峰,但是在未处理的棉花植物中仅仅检测到3个峰。记录了PGPR处理的与未处理的植物之间的根系生长的差 异。
简介
植物根际促生菌(PGPR)代表了一大类移生根部的细菌,其应用通常与提高植物生长速度(Kloepper,1992;Zehnder等,1997;Kloepper等,2004)、抑制土壤病原体(Schippers等,1987;Burkett-Cadena等,2008)和诱导针对昆虫害虫的***抗性(van Loon等,1998;Kloepper等,1999;Ramamoorthy等,2001;Zehnder等,2001;Ryu等,2004;Ji等,2006)相关。基于PGPR的接种剂包括含有单一菌株、两种菌株的混合物或芽孢杆菌属菌种(Bacillusspp.)的复杂混合物的制剂(Lucy等,2004;Kloepper和Ryu,2006)。事实上,PGPR的施用对处理过的植物中挥发性有机化合物(VOC)的诱导的影响尚未经过调查,尽管有证据表明植物挥发物的诱导依赖于许多因素。相互作用的因素包括植物激素(de Bruxelles和Roberts,2001;Thaler等,2002;Farmer等,2003;Ament等,2004)、草食性动物来源的激发子(Mattiaci等,1995;Alborn等,1997;Spiteller和Boland,2003)和伴生微生物包括病原体(Preston等,1999;Cardoza等,2002)以及非生物性因素包括创伤(等,2005)、重金属(等,2004)以及温度和光(Takabayashi等,1994;Gouinguene和Turlings,2002)。考虑到在美国和印度,PGPR正被越来越多地应用于几种大田作物包括棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L.)、番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)、西瓜(Citrullus lanatusThunb.)和珍珠粟(Pennisetum glaucum)的生产(Glick 1995;Backman等,1997;Cleyet-Marcel等,2001;Kokalis-Burelle等,2003;Niranjan Raj等,2003;Burkett-Cadena等,2008),与PGPR对植物挥发物的诱导的影响相关的研究之缺乏是令人吃惊的。1997年,Backman等报道了60-75%的美国棉花作物用PGPR产品进行处理,这是一种用于抑制镰刀菌属和丝核菌属土壤病原体的枯草芽孢杆菌产品。PGPR以前已被用于大规模处理农作物。
与在寻找适合的寄主植物中使用VOC的草食性动物相同(Dicke 等,2000),已知寄生性昆虫也使用VOC的掺混物搜寻食物和它们的草食性动物寄主的寄主位置(Turlings等,1990;McCall等,1993;De Moraes等,1998)。这些VOC可以源自于植物、草食性动物寄主或者是草食性动物与植物的相互作用的结果(McCall等,1994;Cortesero等,1997)。基于植物的VOC被进一步分类为绿叶挥发物(GLV),其在对机械损伤作出响应或草食性动物进食开始时立即被释放,以及草食性动物诱导的植物挥发物(HIPV),其散发是对草食性动物进食损伤的延迟响应。这些对棉花草食性动物的拟寄生物包括红足侧沟茧蜂(Cresson)和缘腹绒茧蜂(Cresson)(膜翅目:茧蜂科)具有高度吸引力的VOC掺混物,作为对毛虫进食的响应而被释放(De Moraes等,1998;Chen和Fadamiro 2007;Ngumbi等,2009,2010)。可能PGPR能够影响棉花中VOC的产生,从而对觅食的拟寄生物和其他化学介导的昆虫-植物和三营养相互作用具有重要影响。
在这里,检验了PGPR能够引发棉花植物VOC的变化并改变棉花根的生长的假说。此外,假设通过改变VOC的释放,棉花草食性动物的拟寄生物将对PGPR处理的棉花植物显示出比未处理的棉花植物更高的兴趣。使PGPR处理和未处理的棉花植物在温室条件下生长,并在种植后4-6周收集顶部空间挥发物。使用偶联的气相色谱-质谱仪(GC-MS)鉴定并分析来自于PGPR处理和未处理的棉花植物的顶部空间挥发物。使用四选嗅觉计比较性研究红足侧沟茧蜂在存在PGPR处理和未处理的植物时的行为。据本发明人了解,这是PGPR影响棉花植物的VOC产生的第一篇报道。
材料和方法
PGPR菌株。如表1中所示,使用了总共8株芽孢杆菌属菌株(Bacillus spp.)(都来自于Auburn University)来开发所研究的三种PGPR处理:i)短小芽孢杆菌菌株INR-7(AP18),ii)掺混物8,其含有四株芽孢杆菌属菌株(AP 188、209、217、218),以及iii)掺混物9,其含有四株芽孢杆菌属菌株(AP 136、188、219、295)。
表1.PGPR制剂
植物。将常规品种(G.hirsutum)Max-9棉花种子(All-Tex Seed,Inc.)单个生长在装填有表土/蛭石/泥煤苔混合物的圆形塑料盆(高9cm,直径11cm)中。然后将种子在单个盆(高9cm,直径11cm)中,在温室(奥本大学植物学温室设施(Auburn University PlantScience Greenhouse Facility))中,在25℃±10、15:9小时(L/D)光周期和50±10%相对湿度下生长。PGPR处理在播种时(1ml/种子)作为孢子水性悬液(1x107个孢子/ml)施用。PGPR处理的植物每周接受1ml水性细菌悬液(1x109cfu/ml)的附加处理。用于顶部空间挥发物收集的植物为从种植之日起4至6周龄。
昆虫。红足侧沟茧蜂的亲代培养物由USDA-ARS,昆虫生物学和种群管理研究实验室(Insect Biology and Population Management Research Laboratory)(Tifton,Georgia)提供。红足侧沟茧蜂在其优选寄主鳞翅目夜蛾科的烟芽夜蛾(Heliothisvirescens)(Fab.)的毛虫(Stadelbacher等,1984;King等,1985)上,使用与Lewis和Burton(1970)类似的程序进行饲养。使用购自于Benzone Research(Carlisle,PA,USA)的卵, 以实验室制备的黑白斑豆喂养,开始饲养烟芽夜蛾的实验室群落(Shorey和Hale 1965)。所有群落维持在25±1℃、75±5%RH和L14:D10光周期下。在交配之前,收集新羽化的红足侧沟茧蜂成虫,区分性别,并将具有相反性别的成虫个体(交配个体)两两置于供应有水和糖源的直径6-cm的皮氏培养皿中。通过在0.5ml微量离心管中装入蒸馏水,并通过离心管盖子中的孔穿入棉线来提供水。用棉签涂覆器将约5滴(每滴2μl)10%的糖溶液涂抹在皮氏培养皿盖子内部。将无经验的拟寄生物(3-5日龄)用于生物测定。
顶部空间挥发物的收集和GC分析。用于挥发物收集的方法和流程类似于Gouinguené等(2005)所报道的,但是做出了一些修改。从PGPR处理和未处理的棉花植物两者以及PGPR处理和未处理的毛虫损伤的棉花植物两者收集顶部空间挥发物。为了检测来自于PGPR处理和未处理的植物的草食性动物诱导的植物挥发物(HIPV),在收集挥发物之前,使30只烟芽夜蛾Fab.(鳞翅目:夜蛾科)的二龄毛虫以盆栽棉花植物为食12小时。将装有盆栽土的盆用铝箔包裹,以将水和挥发物从土壤的蒸发降至最低。然后将植物置于由5L玻璃瓶构成的挥发物收集仓室(Analytical Research Systems,Inc.,Gainesville,FL)中。在室温下将500ml/分钟纯化的(使用活性炭)空气流通过玻璃瓶24小时。顶部空间挥发物使用含有50mg Super-Q(Alltech Associates,Deerfield,IL)的阱收集,并用200μl二氯甲烷洗脱。将洗脱液(200μl)储存在冰箱(-20℃)中直至使用。使用带有盆栽土但是没有植物的另一个容器来检查各种混杂杂质和背景噪音。将1μl每种顶部空间挥发物提取液注射到装备有火焰电离检测器(FID)的Shimadzu GC-17A中。所使用的毛细管柱的尺寸如下:Rtx-1MS,0.25mm I.D.,0.25μm的膜厚度(Restek,Bellefonte,PA)。使用流速为1ml/分钟的氦气作为载气。GC柱温箱如下编程:40℃进样,在40℃保持2分钟,然后以5℃/分钟的速度升温至200℃,总共40分钟。进样器和检测器两者的温度被设定在200℃。测定5份平行样。
GC-MS分析。随后使用与5975C质量选择检测器偶联的Agilent7890A GC,使用HP-5ms毛细管柱(30m×0.25mm I.D.,0.25μm的膜厚度),通过GC-MS鉴定每种植物处理的GC曲线。将1μl每种顶部空间提取液以无分流模式注入到GC中,使用上述GC条件。使用电子轰击(EI,70eV)获得质谱。峰的鉴定使用NIST 98谱库(美国国家标准与技术研究所(NationalInstitute of Standards and Technology),Gaithersburg,Maryland),并与已发表的棉花顶部空间挥发物GC曲线(Thompson等,1971;Loughrin等,1994;McCall等,1994)进行比较来进行。鉴定到的化合物的结构使用从Chemical Co.(St.Louis,Missouri)获得的纯度>97%(按标签上的指示)的可商购合成标准品来证实。
棉花根系生长的分析。进行了独立的实验以确定用PGPR处理棉花是否引起棉花根系生长的差异。以107的孢子浓度向棉花种子施用1ml PGPR(INR-7、掺混物8和掺混物9)。然后将PGPR处理的种子在温室(奥本大学植物学温室设施)中,在25℃±10、15:9小时(L/D)光周期和50±10%相对湿度下生长在单个盆(高15cm,直径21cm)中。将种子栽培在表土/蛭石/泥煤苔混合物中。另外,每周施用1ml水性细菌悬液(109)克隆形成单位(cfu/ml)。用于棉花根系生长分析的植物为2周龄。在清洗根后,使用由LA 1600+型扫描仪和WinRhizo软件(2004a版)构成的Regent Instruments,Inc.(Sainte-Foy,Quebec)的***,在每株植物的根部***上进行根组织结构的分析。收集来自所得分析的数据用于两种根参数:根表面积和根体积(0-0.5和0.5-1.0mm)。也收集根干重的数据。进行8份平行实验。
使用拟寄生物的四选嗅觉计生物测定法。PGPR处理和未处理的植物以及PGPR处理过的毛虫损伤的和未损伤的植物的气味对红足侧沟茧蜂的吸引力的比较,在四选嗅觉计生物测定法(Analytical Research Systems,Gainesville,FL)中进行评估。所述装置与Pettersson(1970)以及Kalule和Wright(2004)所描述的***类似。它由在4个角处带 有孔眼的中央仓室构成,通过所述孔眼抽入纯化和加湿空气,产生4个潜在的气味场,所述仓室还具有中心孔眼,在那里来自于臂的空气流发生混合。通过嗅觉计角落处的4个孔眼中的每一个的气流,被维持为500ml/分钟的恒定气流。以2.5升/分钟的恒定空气流速,通过中心孔眼从嗅觉计抽出来自于对照臂的空气和来自于处理臂的挥发性气味的混合物。挥发性气味从种植后4-6周龄的植物发出。将装有盆栽土的盆用铝箔包裹,以将水和挥发物的蒸发降至最低。然后将植物置于5L玻璃瓶(高32cm,直径14.5cm)挥发物收集仓室(AnalyticalResearch Systems,Inc.,Gainesville,FL)中,并使纯化的空气(500ml/分钟)通过仓室并进入在嗅觉计角落处的4个孔眼中的每一个中。
在所有实验中使用无经验的3至5日龄雌性红足侧沟茧蜂。使用抽吸器将蜂从笼子中取出,并单个地导入玻璃管(1.5cm)中。将玻璃管连接到嗅觉计的中心孔眼,以将蜂暴露于挥发性气味/空气混合物。一旦进入仓室后,给拟寄生物15分钟的时间在4种空气场中做出选择。如果拟寄生物在这段时间内没有做出选择,将其取出、舍弃并且不包括在分析中。为了消除仓室中的任何方向性偏倚,在试验8只拟寄生物后转动嗅觉计和植物的位置。每天试验总共32只拟寄生物(每轮8只拟寄生物)。进行了三组四选嗅觉计实验以测试雌性红足侧沟茧蜂对未被侵袭的与被侵袭的棉花植物相比以及对PGPR处理的与未处理的棉花植物相比是否存在差异响应。在第一组实验中,比较了下列两种处理和两种对照:(1)PGPR INR7处理的植物,(2)PGPR掺混物9处理的植物,(3)未处理的(对照)植物,(4)空白对照(空仓室)。第一组实验的结果显示出PGPR掺混物9处理的植物与未处理的(对照)植物相比对拟寄生物的显著吸引(图6),在此基础上进行了第二组实验,以确定PGPR处理在将拟寄生物吸引到植物方面是否与毛虫侵袭/损伤同样有效。为了进行该实验,根据前面实验的结果选择PGPR处理(掺混物9),并比较了来自于下列的挥发性气味:(1)PGPR掺混物9处理的被侵袭植物,(2)PGPR掺混物9处理的未被侵袭的植物,(3)未处理的(对照)被侵袭植物和(4)对照(空仓室)。每株植物用30 只烟芽夜蛾毛虫侵袭。第二组实验的结果显示出未处理的(对照)被30只毛虫侵袭的植物与PGPR掺混物9处理的被30只毛虫侵袭的植物对拟寄生物具有相同的吸引力,在此基础上进行了第三组实验。第二组实验表明其中PGPR处理可能传递的是低于测试水平的毛虫损伤水平。为了检验这种假说并确定PGPR处理与低的毛虫损伤水平在将拟寄生物吸引到植物方面是否同样良好,比较了与实验2中所测试的相同的处理和对照,但是每个被侵袭植物用2只烟芽夜蛾毛虫侵袭。
四选嗅觉计生物测定法在每天的10:00至18:00小时之间,在25±1℃、60±5%r.h.和250lux下进行。第一组实验重复5次,实验2和3重复4次。对于每次重复实验来说,使用一组新植物。
统计分析。数据符合方差分析的关键假设,因此在分析之前没有进行转换。PGPR(短小芽孢杆菌菌株INR-7、掺混物8和掺混物9)处理和未处理的植物发出的每种挥发性组分的量的显著差异,使用方差分析(ANOVA)来建立,然后进行Tukey-Kramer HSD多重比较检验(P<0.05,JMP 7.0.1,SAS Institute 2007)。棉花根系生长的显著差异通过ANOVA来建立,然后进行Tukey-Kramer HSD多重比较检验(P<0.05,JMP 7.0.1,SAS Institute 2007)。四选嗅觉计数据通过单向ANOVA来分析,然后进行Tukey-Kramer HSD多重比较检验(P<0.05,JMP 7.0.1,SAS Institute 2007)。
结果
顶部空间挥发物的GC和GC-MS分析。来自于PGPR处理和未处理的棉花植物的顶部空间挥发物提取物的GC曲线示出在图1中。在PGPR处理(INR-7、掺混物8和掺混物9)的棉花植物的顶部空间中检测到总共11个峰(挥发性组分)(图1)。这些峰通过GC-MS鉴定为包括α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、乙酸顺-3-己烯酯、柠檬烯、β-罗勒烯、芳樟醇、石竹烯、α-蛇麻烯和β-法呢烯。大多数这些峰在未处理的棉花植物的顶部空间中没有检测到或以不显著的量检测到(图1)。只有3 个峰(组分)可以在未处理的棉花植物中检测到,并通过GC-MS被鉴定为α-蒎烯、乙酸顺-3-己烯酯和石竹烯。然而,所有三种组分以大得多的量,在PGPR处理的植物的顶部空间中被检测到。此外,记录到PGPR处理之间的显著差异。(参见表2)。
表2.由未处理的(对照)棉花植物与用菌株INR-7、掺混物8、或掺混物9处理的棉花植物发出的顶部空间挥发物的比较
注:挥发物进行24小时收集。
a依照气相色谱期间洗脱的顺序
b值(发出的量)是5份平行样的ng平均量±SE
同一行中由不同字母标出的平均值具有显著差异(P<0.05,ANOVA)
PGPR菌株INR-7处理的棉花植物与掺混物8或掺混物9处理的植物相比释放出明显更多的α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、乙酸顺-3-己烯酯和β-罗勒烯(表2,图1)。此外,在掺混物9中没有检测到β-罗勒烯 (表2,图1)。图2显示了由下列4种处理发出的顶部空间挥发物的GC曲线:未处理的(对照)未被侵袭的植物,未处理的(对照)被烟芽夜蛾侵袭的植物,PGPR掺混物9处理的未被侵袭的植物和PGPR掺混物9处理的被烟芽夜蛾侵袭的植物。
在未处理的(对照)被烟芽夜蛾侵袭的植物和PGPR掺混物9处理的被烟芽夜蛾侵袭的植物的提取液中检测到一致的峰(28)(表3,图2)。然而,在PGPR掺混物9处理的未被侵袭植物中检测到10个峰(组分),与此相比在未处理的(对照)未被侵袭植物中仅检测到3个峰(图2)。
表3.由未处理的(对照)未侵袭的棉花植物、未处理的(对照)烟芽夜蛾侵袭的植物、PGPR掺混物9处理的未侵袭的植物或PGPR掺混物9处理的烟芽夜蛾侵袭的植物发出的顶部空间挥发物的组成
注:挥发物进行24小时的收集。
1依照气相色谱期间的洗脱顺序
2值(发出的量)是5份平行提取物的ng平均量±SE
同一行中由不同字母标出的平均值具有显著差异(P<0.05,ANOVA)。
棉花根系生长的分析。在PGPR处理后引起的棉花根系生长促进作用示出在图2、3和4中。用PGPR菌株INR-7、掺混物8和掺混物9接种棉花种子,与未处理的对照相比显著促进生长。在各种处理之间, 记录到了根表面积(F3,7=74.78,P<0.0001;图3)、根体积(F3,7=50.42,P<0.0001;图4)和根干重(F3,7=28.07,P<0.0001;图5)的显著差异。在所有情况下,掺混物9处理的植物具有最高的根表面积、根体积和根干重。INR-7和掺混物8处理的植物与未处理的植物相比也具有明显更高的根系生长参数(图3、4和5)。
使用拟寄生物的四选嗅觉计生物测定。在第一组实验中,记录到了红足侧沟茧蜂对两种处理和两种对照的响应的显著差异。与INR-7处理的植物(29%)、未处理的(对照)植物(0%)或空白对照(空仓室)(0%)相比,拟寄生物被明显(F3,16=106.64,P<0.0001)更多地吸引到掺混物9处理的植物(69%)(图6)。在被设计用于确定PGPR处理与毛虫侵袭/损伤(30只烟芽夜蛾毛虫)在将拟寄生物吸引到植物方面是否同样有效的实验2中,在各种处理之间也记录到显著差异(F3,12=35.92,P<0.0001)。正如预期的,PGPR掺混物9处理的用30只毛虫侵袭的植物(46%)和未处理的(对照)用30只毛虫侵袭的植物(41%)对拟寄生物具有高度吸引性。然而,与PGPR掺混物9处理的未被侵袭的植物(13%)相比,更多拟寄生物被吸引到未处理的(对照)用30只毛虫侵袭的植物(41%)(图7),表明在吸引拟寄生物方面PGPR处理不如30只毛虫侵袭那样强。试验了较低侵袭水平(每株植物2只烟芽夜蛾毛虫)的第三组实验的结果也在处理和对照之间显示出显著差异(F3,12=7.12,P=0.0053)。最具吸引力的处理是PGPR掺混物9处理的用2只毛虫侵袭的植物(58%)。然而,与未处理的(对照)用2只毛虫侵袭的植物(15%)相比,明显更多的拟寄生物被吸引到PGPR掺混物9处理的未侵袭的植物(25%)(图8)。这些结果显示,在将拟寄生物吸引到植物方面,PGPR处理至少与低的毛虫损伤水平同样有效。
讨论
这些结果显示,植物根际促生菌(PGPR)改变棉花植物中挥发性有机化合物(VOC)的产生。PGPR在棉花中改变VOC的产生的这一 发现,构成了由根际细菌引发植物挥发物产生的未报道的机制。所有试验的PGPR处理(INR7、掺混物8和掺混物9)引发了在未处理的棉花植物中没有检测到的VOC的排放。在PGPR处理的植物的顶部空间中检测到11种组分。在未处理的植物的顶部空间中,大多数这些化合物没有被检测到或以不显著的量被检测到(只检测到3种)。除了改变VOC产生之外,PGPR处理还引起棉花植物根系生长促进作用,其中掺混物9显示出最高的根系生长促进。以前已报道PGPR在几种植物物种中促进植物生长(包括根)。最有趣的是,四选嗅觉计实验的结果显示,拟寄生物能够辨别PGPR处理的和未处理的植物,与后者相比偏好前者。
在PGPR处理的植物的顶部空间收集物中检测到的主要组分是:α-蒎烯,β-蒎烯,β-月桂烯,乙酸顺-3-己烯酯,柠檬烯,β-罗勒烯,芳樟醇,石竹烯,α-蛇麻烯和β-法呢烯(表2,图1)。以前已报道这些化合物是从毛虫损伤的棉花植物发出的VOC掺混物的组成成分(Loughrin等,1994;De Moraes等,1998;Ngumbi等,2009)。然而,与以前的报道不同,由PGPR诱导的VOC的掺混物在定性上与毛虫损伤的植物发出的VOC不同(表3,图2)。VOC的掺混物在定性上的差异被定义为掺混物中特定化合物的存在和/或组分比例方面的差异。这些结果表明,某些VOC例如α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、乙酸顺-3-己烯酯、柠檬烯、β-罗勒烯、芳樟醇、石竹烯、α-蛇麻烯和β-法呢烯可以由PGPR引发。以前的研究报告植物中VOC的产生可能由植物激素(de Bruxelles和Roberts,2001;Thaler等,2002;Farmer等,2003;Ament等,2004)、草食性动物来源的激发子(Mattiaci等,1995;Alborn等,1997;Spiteller和Boland,2003)、病原体(Cardoza等,2002)、创伤(等,2005)和重金属(等,2004)引发。这些发现证明PGPR引发VOC的诱导,并且进一步研究确保了理解用PGPR处理棉花植物引起与未处理植物不同的VOC释放的机制。
棉花根分析的这些数据表明,PGPR处理加强棉花根系生长。对于其他作物包括紫花罗勒(Ocimum basilicum L.)和番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)来说,已报道了作为PGPR处理的结果造成的根重增长的增加(Kloepper 1992;Zehnder等,1997;Kloepper等,2004;Burkett-Cadena等,2008;Banchio等,2009;Humberto等,2010)。PGPR已被应用于不同作物,用于植物中的生长促进和其他正效应的目的,例如种子出苗、耐旱性以及增加植物幼苗和根的重量(Glick 1995;Kloepper等,2004;Kokalis-Burelle等,2006;Yildirim等,2006;van Loon,2007)。Humberto等(2010)示出了用促进生长的枯草芽孢杆菌接种番茄植物引起番茄根系生长促进作用,并且这在接种后3周变得明显。这些发现支持了这些结果,即棉花根系的生长促进在接种后2周变得明显。除了促进根系生长之外,PGPR处理的植物通过引发防御应答、也称为诱导的***抗性(ISR)(Kloepper等,2004)或通过抗生作用(Zehnder等,2001),加强了植物本身抵御昆虫和病原体的能力。一些报道的实例包括在黄瓜(Cucumis sativa(L.))中减少昆虫食草(Zehnder等,1997)和抵抗烟粉虱(Bemiciatabaci)(Hanafi等,2007)。
行为实验的结果清楚地显示出专性寄生蜂红足侧沟茧蜂检测、区分和利用PGPR处理的与未处理的植物之间的差异的能力。具体来说,PGPR处理的植物对拟寄生物具有高度吸引力,其中掺混物9处理的植物最具吸引力。进一步的评估证实,掺混物9处理的但是未被侵袭的植物与具有低水平毛虫侵袭(每株植物2只烟芽夜蛾毛虫)的未处理的植物相比对拟寄生物具有甚至更高的吸引力。由植物***性排放的挥发性有机化合物(VOC)对觅食中的拟寄生物可以起到寄主位置线索的作用(等,1998;De Moraes等,1998;Ngumbi等,2009)。这些结果显示,与未处理的植物相比,PGPR处理的植物对拟寄生物具有高度吸引力。这些发现可归因于由PGPR处理的植物所产生的在未处理的植物的顶部空间中不存在的VOC的掺混物。通过行为研究和触角电生理研究,已暗示这些PGPR诱导的化合物参与天敌吸引(等,1998;Chen和Fadamiro 2007;Ngumbi等,2009)。这些数据清楚地显示出专性寄生蜂红足侧沟茧蜂检测、区分和利用PGPR处理的与未处理的植物之间的差异的能力。
在所测试的PGPR处理中,掺混物9处理的植物对拟寄生物最具吸引力。有趣的是,掺混物9处理的植物一致地不释放β-罗勒烯。因此,由掺混物9处理的植物所发出的VOC掺混物中β-罗勒烯的缺乏,可能造成了PGPR掺混物9处理的植物对红足侧沟茧蜂的加强的吸引。以前的研究报道了拟寄生物如红足侧沟茧蜂在搜索它们的草食性动物寄主时能够检测并利用VOC掺混物中的定性和定量差异(De Moraes等,1998)。在调查PGPR对桃蚜(Myzuspersicae)(半翅目:蚜科)的天敌的影响的相关研究中,Boutard-Hunt等(2009)报道了与未处理的区块相比,在用PGPR处理的区块中天敌密度明显更高。通过提供特异且可靠的化学信号,植物在草食性动物天敌的召集中可能获得竞争优势。
概括来说,这些结果显示,用PGPR(植物根际促生菌)的单一菌株或几个菌株的掺混物处理棉花植物引发棉花植物VOC的变化,对觅食中的拟寄生物具有重要影响。合在一起,结果表明PGPR处理能够发出将拟寄生物吸引到植物所必需的低水平毛虫损伤的信号,这最可能的是通过增加HIPV的排放。这些发现确立了PGPR在介导昆虫-植物和三营养相互作用中的新功能。
需要进一步研究以调查由PGPR引起的VOC的增加的排放和诱导在不同生态条件下的多种作物中是否是共同现象。需要进一步研究以试验在其他作物***中关键的天敌物种是否对PGPR处理的植物显示出类似响应。如果得到证实,来自于这样的研究的结果将证实,用PGPR处理植物可能是在许多农业生态***中对害虫进行整合害虫管控的可行组成部分。
实施例2–PGPR对甜菜夜蛾的产卵行为的影响
摘要
已经显示,用植物根际促生菌(PGPR)处理作物以各种方式提高植物生长并改进植物健康。以前,这些细菌在仅仅使用1至2株PGPR的模型中进行研究,限制了我们对不同菌株可能以何种方式相互作用的理解。此外,关于PGPR对植物-昆虫相互作用的潜在影响,了解很少。为了确定PGPR对甜菜夜蛾在PGPR处理的棉花植物上的产卵行为的影响,进行了产卵选择研究。记录了在用PGPR处理过的棉花植物和未处理的棉花植物上产下的卵和卵批次的总数。在这里,与PGPR处理的棉花植物相比,甜菜夜蛾表现出在未处理的棉花植物上产卵的偏好性。在包含解淀粉芽孢杆菌的一种所测试的PGPR处理上,没有记录到卵。
材料和结果
进行了两个实验以测试不同PGPR掺混物/菌株。在实验1中,将棉花植物种子用1ml三种不同的水性孢子种子制备物(掺混物8、掺混物9和INR-7,参见实施例1)以107cfu/ml的浓度进行处理。在实验2中,试验了PGPR菌株ABU 288(简单芽孢杆菌)和MBI 600(枯草芽孢杆菌)。两个实验都包含了未处理的对照。
使雄性和雌性甜菜夜蛾交配。为了在较晚时候分开,对雄性进行标记并且将30只交配过的雌性与雄性分离开。对于8份平行实验中的每一份来说,将30只交配过的雌性甜菜夜蛾在笼子中过夜饲养14小时的时间。将笼子(42”x42”x32”高)置于暗室中,并且4个角落的每个角落中分别具有一株进行了四种处理中的每一种的棉花植物(4-5周龄)。植物茎被放置成相隔80cm,在平行样之间将植物旋转。14小时后,计数每株植物的卵块数量和卵的总数。实验1的结果显示在表4和图9中,实验2的结果显示在表5中。
表4.甜菜夜蛾在PGPR处理(INR7、掺混物8和掺混物9)的和未处理的棉花植物上的产卵比较
表5.甜菜夜蛾在PGPR处理(MBI 600或ABU 288菌株)的和未处理的棉花植物上的产卵比较
处理 | 产卵总数 | 产卵批次总数 |
对照 | 105 | 3 |
MBI 600 | 0 | 0 |
ABU 288 | 0 | 0 |
两个实验的结果说明了与PGPR处理的棉花植物相比,甜菜夜蛾偏好于在未处理的棉花植物上产卵的趋势。在PGPR掺混物9(实验1)以及菌株MBI 600和ABU 288(实验2)上没有产卵。
对实验2中的植物收集顶部空间挥发物。与用掺混物8、掺混物9和INR-7处理的植物相同(参见实施例1,图1),与对照植物相比,观察到了用菌株MBI 600和ABU 288处理过的植物对VOC的诱导(图10)。与未处理的棉花植物相比,观察到了从任一菌株处理的棉花收集的顶部空间挥发物中的定量和定性差异。与对照相比,由菌株MBI 600和ABU 288诱导的峰可能是小分子量萜类化合物例如单萜烯和倍半萜烯。
参考文献
Alborn,H.T.,T.C.J.Turlings,T.H.Jones,G.Stenhagen,J.H.Loughrin和J.H.Tumlinson.1997.来自于甜菜夜蛾口腔分泌物的植物挥 发物激发子(An elicitor ofplant volatiles from beet armyworm oral secretion.)Science.276:945-949.
Ament,K.,M.R.Kant,M.W.Sabelis,M.A.Haring和R.C.Schuurink.2004.茉莉酸是番茄中叶螨诱导的挥发性萜类和水杨酸甲酯排放的关键调节物(Jasmonic acid is a keyregulator of spider-mite induced volatile terpenoid and methyl salicylateemission in tomato.)Plant Physiol.135:2025-2037.
Backman,P.A.,M.Wilson和J.F.Murphy.1997.用于植物疾病控制的细菌(Bacteria for biological control of plant diseases.),在N.A Rechcigl和J.E.Rechcigl主编的《作物疾病控制的环境上安全的方法》(Environmentally SafeApproaches to Crop Disease Control.)95-109页中,Lewis Publishers,Boca Raton,Florida.
Banchio,E.,X.Xie,H.Zhang和P.W.Pare.2009.土壤细菌在紫花罗勒中提高精油积累和排放(Soil bacteria elevate essential oil accumulation and emission insweet basil.)J.Agric.Food Chem.57:653-657.
Boutard-Hunt,C.,C.D.Smart,J.Thaler和B.A.Nault.2009.在胡椒中植物根际促生菌和桃蚜(半翅目:蚜科)天敌的侵袭的影响(Impact of plant growth-promotingrhizobacteria and natural enemies of Myzus persicae(Hemiptera:Aphididae)infestations in pepper.),J.Econ.Entomol.102:2183-2191.
Burkett-Cadena,M.,N.Kokalis-Burelle,K.S.Lawrence,E.van Santen和J.W.Kloepper.2008.由根际细菌诱导的根结线虫的抑制(Suppressiveness of root-knotnematodes mediated by rhizobacteria.)Biol.Cont.47:55-59.
Cardoza,Y.J.,H.T.Alborn和J.H.Tumlinson.2002.由同时进行真菌感染和昆虫损伤来诱导的来自于花生植物的体内挥发物排放(In vivo volatile emissions frompeanut plants induced by simultaneous fungal infection and insect damage.),J.Chem.Ecol.28:161-174.
Chen,L.和H.Y.Fadamiro.2007.两种拟寄生物物种的雌性和雄性对寄主相关的绿叶挥发物和可诱导化合物的差异触角电位图响应(Differential electroantennogramresponse of females and males of two parasitoid species to host-related greenleaf volatiles and inducible compounds.)Bull.Entomol.Res.97:515-522.
Cleyet-Marcel,J.C.,M.Larcher,H.Bertrand,S.Rapior和X.Pinochet.2001.由根际细菌引起的植物生长增强(Plant growth enhancement by rhizobacteria),在J.F.Morot-Gaudry主编的《植物的氮同化,生理、生物化学和分子方面》(NitrogenAssimilaton by Plants.Physiological,Biochemical and Molecular aspects.)第185-197页中,Science Publishers,Inc.,Enfeld,NH.
De Bruxelles,G.L.和M.R.Roberts.2001.调节对创伤和草食性动物的多重响应的信号(Signals regulating multiple responses to wounding and herbivores.),Crit.Rev.Plant Sci.20:487–521.
De Moraes,C.M.,W.J.Lewis,P.W.Pare,H.T.Alborn和J.H.Tumlinson.1998.草食性动物侵袭的植物选择性吸引拟寄生物(Herbivore-infested plants selectivelyattract parasitoids.),Nature(London).393:570-573.
Farmer,E.E.,E.Almeras和V.Krishnamurthy.2003.植物中的茉莉酮酸酯和相关的氧脂素类对病理发生和食草的响应(Jasmonates and related oxylipins in plantresponses to pathogenesis and herbivory),Curr.Opin.Plant Biol.6:372–378.
Glick,B.R.1995.由非寄生细菌增强的植物生长(The enhancement of plantgrowth by free-living bacteria.),Can.J.Microbiol.41:109-117.
Gouinguené,S.P.和T.C.J.Turlings.2002.非生物因素对玉米植物中诱导的挥发物排放的影响(The effects of abiotic factors on induced volatile emissions incorn plants.)Plant Physiol.129:1296–1307.
Gouinguené,S.P.,J.A.Pickett,L.J.Wadhams,M.A.Birkett和T.C.J.Turlings.2005.三种寄生蜂对毛虫诱导的来自于玉米、棉花和豇豆的挥发物的触角电生理响应(Antennal electrophysiological responses of three parasitic waspsto caterpillar-induced volatiles from maize(Zea mays mays),cotton,(Gossypiumherbaceum),and cowpea(Vigna unguiculata).)J.Chem.Ecol.31:1023-1038.
Hanafi,A.,M.Traore,W.H.Schnitzler和M.Woitke.2007.在温室条件下生长的无土作物中由PGPR枯草芽孢杆菌诱导的番茄对粉虱和腐霉的抗性(Induced resistance oftomato to whiteflies and Phytium with the PGPR Bacillus subtilis in asoilless crop grown under greenhouse conditions.),在A.Hanafi和W.H.Schnitzler主编的《第八届IS关于在温和的冬季气候下进行保护栽培的会议录》(Proceedings ofVIIIth IS on protected cultivation in mild winter climates.)第315-322页中,Acta Horticul.
Humberto,J.,V.Soto,M.G.Estrada-Hernández,E.Ibarra-Lacelette和J.P Délano-Frier.2010.使用促进生长的枯草芽孢杆菌接种番茄植物延迟烟粉虱的发育(Inoculation of tomato plants(Solanum lycopersicum) with growth-promotingBacillus subtilis retards whitefly Bemicia tabaci development.),Planta.231:397-410.
Jalali S.K.,S.P.Singh和C.R.Ballal.1987.外来寄生物缘腹绒茧蜂(膜翅目:小茧蜂科)的寄主年龄偏好性和生物学研究(Studies on host age preference andbiology of exotic parasite,Cotesia marginiventris(Cresson)(Hymenoptera:Braconidae)).Entomon.12:59-62.
Ji,P.,H.Campbell,J.W.Kloepper,J.Jones,T.Suslow和M.Wilson.2006.在大田条件下使用叶面生物控制剂和植物根际促生菌的番茄细菌性斑点病的整体生物防治(Integrated biological control of bacterial speck and spot of tomato underfield conditions using foliar biological control agents and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.)Biol.Control.36:358-367.
King,E.G.,J.E.Powell和R.J.Coleman.1985.在阿肯色州东南部实夜蛾属物种(鳞翅目:夜蛾科)幼虫在棉花中的寄生高发性(A high incidence of parasitism ofHeliothis spp.(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)larvae in cotton in southeasternArkansas.)Entomophaga.30:419-426.
Kloepper,J.W.1992.植物根际促生菌作为生物控制剂(Plant growth-promotingrhizobacteria as biological control agents.),在F.B.Metting Jr.主编的《土壤微生物生态学:在农业和环境管理中的应用》(Soil Microbial Ecology:Applications inAgricultural and Environmental Management)第255–274页中,Marcel Dekker Inc.,New York.
Kloepper,J.W.,R.Rodriguez-Kabana,G.W.Zehnder,J.Murphy,E.Sikora和C.Fernandez.1999.土传疾病的生物控制中、并可潜在扩展至***性和叶部疾病的生物控制中的植物根-细菌的相互作用(Plant root-bacterial interactions in biologicalcontrol of soilborne diseases and potential extension to systemic and foliardiseases.)Aust.J.Plant Pathol.28:27–33.
Kloepper,J.W.,C.M.Ryu和S.A Zhang.2004.由芽孢杆菌属菌种诱导的***抗性和植物生长的促进(Induced systemic resistance and promotion of plant growth byBacillus spp.)Phytopathol.94:1259-1266.
Kloepper,J.W.和C.M.Ryu.2006.作为诱导的***抗性的激发子的内生细菌(Bacterial endophytes as elicitors of induced systemic resistance),在B.Schulz,B.Boyle和T.Siebern主编的《根部内生微生物》(Microbial root endophytes)中,Springer-Verlag,Heildelberg.pp.33-51.
Kokalis-Burelle,N.,C.S.Vavrina,M.S.Reddy和J.W.Kloepper.2003.用植物根际促生菌改良甜瓜和西瓜移植培养基:对疾病和线虫抗性的影响(Amendment ofmuskmelon and watermelon transplant media with plant growth-promotingrhizobacteria:effects on disease and nematode resistance.HortTechnology),HortTechnology.13:476–482.
Kokalis-Burelle,N.,J.W.Kloepper和M.S.Reddy.2006.作为移植改良方案的植物根际促生菌及其对土著根际微生物的影响(Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteriaas transplant amendments and their effects on indigenous rhizospheremicroorganisms.)Appl.Soil Ecol.31:91-100.
Lewis,W.J.和R.L.Burton.1970.在实验室中用玉米夜蛾作为寄主饲养红足侧沟茧蜂(Rearing Microplitis croceipes in the laboratory with Heliothis zea ashost.)J.Econ.Entomol.63:656-658.
Loughrin,J.H.,A.Manukian,R.R.Heath和J.H.Tumlinson.1994.草食性动物损伤的棉花植物对诱导的挥发性萜类化合物的昼夜循环排 放(Diurnal cycle emission ofinduced volatile terpenoids by herbivore-injured cotton plants.)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA.91:11836-11840.
Lucy,M.,E.Reed和B.R.Glick.2004.非寄生植物根际促生菌的应用(Applications of free living plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.)Antonievan Leeuwenhoek.86:1-25.
Mattiaci L.,M.Dicke和M.A.Posthumus.1995.β-葡萄糖苷酶:吸引搜索寄主的寄生蜂的草食性动物诱导的植物气味的激发子(β-Glucosidase:An elicitor ofherbivore-induced plant odor that attracts host searching parasitic wasps.),Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA.92:2036-2040.
A.,B.Schulze和W.Boland.2004.植物中的生物和重金属胁迫应答:共同信号的证据(Biotic and heavy metal stress response in plants:evidence forcommon signals.),FEBS Letters.566:1–5.
A.,G.Wanner和W.Boland.2005.进食的海灰翅夜蛾对利马豆叶的影响II,模拟昆虫进食的连续机械创伤足以引发与食草相关的挥发物排放(Effects offeeding Spodoptera littoralis on lima bean leaves.II.Continuous mechanicalwounding resembling insect feeding is sufficient to elicit herbivory-relatedvolatile emission.),Plant Physiol.137:1160–1168.
Ngumbi,E.N.,L.Chen和H.Y.Fadamiro.2009.专性(红足侧沟茧蜂)和广幅(缘腹绒茧蜂)拟寄生物对两种毛虫物种诱导的棉花挥发物的比较性GC-EAD响应(Comparative GC-EAD responses of a specialist(Microplitis croceipes)and a generalist(Cotesiamarginiventris)parasitoid to cotton volatiles induced by two caterpillarspecies.),J.Chem.Ecol.35:1009-1020.
Niranjan Raj,S.,S.A.Deepak,P.Basavaraju,H.S.Shetty,M.S.Reddy和J.W.Kloepper.2003.植物根际促生菌在珍珠粟的生长促进和霜霉病抑制方面的性能比较(Comparative performance of formulations of plant growth promotingrhizobacteria in growth promotion and suppression of downy mildew in pearlmillet)Crop Protect.22:579-588.
Pieterse,C.M.J.,S.C.M.Van Wees,E.Hoffland,J.A.Van Pelt和L.C.VanLoon.1996.拟南芥中由生物控制细菌诱导的***抗性不依赖于水杨酸积累和与病理发生相关的基因表达(Systemic resistance in Arabidopsis induced by biocontrolbacteria is independent of salicylic acid accumulation and pathogenesis-related gene expression.)Plant Cell.8:1225-1237.
Preston,C.A.,C.A.Lewandowski,J.Enyedi和I.T.Baldwin.1999.烟草花叶病毒接种在植物内但是不在植物之间抑制创伤诱导的茉莉酸介导的响应(Tobacco mosaicvirus inoculation inhibits wound-induced jasmonic acid mediated responseswithin but not between plants)Planta.209:87–95.
Ramamoorthy,V.,R.Viswanathan,T.Raguchander,V.Prakasam,andR.Samiyappan.2001.由植物根际促生菌在作物植物中诱导的针对害虫和疾病的***抗性(Induction of systemic resistance by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria incrop plants against pests and diseases.)Crop Prot.20:1-11.
U.S.R.,W.J.Lewis和J.H.Tumlinson.1998.***性释放的棉花挥发物作为吸引剂对专性和广幅寄生蜂的特异性(Specificity of systemically released cottonvolatiles as attractants for specialist and generalist parasitic wasps.),J.Chem.Ecol.24:303–319.
Ryu,C.,M.A.Farag,C.Hu,M.S.Reddy,J.W.Kloepper和P.W.Pare.2004.细菌挥发物在拟南芥中诱导***抗性(Bacterial volatiles induce systemic resistance inarabidopsis.)Plant Physiol.134:1017-1026.
SAS Institute.2007.7.0.1.Cary,N.C.,USA.
Schippers,G.,A.W.Baker和P.A.H.M.Bakker.1987.有害和有益根际微生物的相互作用和对作物种植实践的影响(Interactions of deleterious and beneficialrhizophere microorganisms and the effect on cropping practices.)Annu.ReviewPhytopathol.25:339-358.
Shorey,H.H.和R.L.Hale.1965.九种夜蛾的幼虫在简单的人造培养基上的大规模饲养(Mass rearing of the larvae of nine noctuid species on a simpleartificial medium.)J.Econ.Entomol.58:55-68.
Stadelbacher,E.A.,J.E.Powel和E.H.King.1984.玉米夜蛾和烟芽夜蛾(鳞翅目:夜蛾科)幼虫在密西西比三角洲的野生和栽培寄主植物中的寄生现象(Parasitism ofHeliothis zea and Heliothis virescens(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)larvae in wildand cultivated host plants in the Delta of Mississippi.)Environ.Entomol.13:1167-1172.
Takabayashi,J.,M.Dicke和M.A.Posthumus.1994.植物-螨相互作用中的草食性动物诱导的挥发性萜烯类化合物,由生物和非生物因素造成的变化(Volatile herbivore-induced terpenoids in plant-mite interactions,variation caused by biotic andabiotic factors.)J.Chem.Ecol.20:1329–1354.
Thaler,J.S.,R.Karban,D.E.Ullman,K.Boege和R.M.Bostock.2002.茉莉酮酸酯与水杨酸酯植物防御途径之间的对话:对几种植物寄生虫的影响(Cross-talk betweenjasmonate and salicylate plant defense pathways:effects on several plantparasites.)Oecologia.131:227–235.
Van Loon,L.C.,P.A.H.M.Bakker和C.M.J.Pierterse.1998.由根际细菌诱导的***抗性(Systemic resistance induced by rhizosphere bacteria)Annu.Rev.Phytopathol.36:453–483.
Yildrim,E.,A.G.Taylor和T.D.Spittler.2006.生物控制对南瓜植物在盐胁迫下的生长的改善效果(Ameliorative effects of biological treatments on growth ofsquash plants under salt stress.)Scientia Horticult.111:1-6.
Zehnder,G.W.,J.W.Kloepper,T.Tuzun,C.Yao,G.Wei,O.Chambliss和R.Shelby.1997.昆虫以黄瓜为食介导根际细菌诱导的植物抗性(Insect feeding oncucumber mediated rhizobacteria-induced plant resistance.)Entomol.Exp.Appl.83:81-85.
Zehnder,G.W.,J.F.Murphy,E.J.Sikora和J.W.Kloepper.2001.根际细菌在诱导的抗性中的应用(Application of Rhizobacteria for indeuced resistance.)Eur.J.Plant Pathol.107:39-50.
本领域技术人员可以显然看出,对本文公开的发明可以做出各种不同替换和修改,而不背离本发明的范围和精神。适合地,可以在不存在没有在本文中特别公开的任一种或多种要素、一种或多种限制的情况下实践本文中示例描述的发明。所使用的术语和表述被用作描述性而不是限制性术语,并且在这样的术语和表述的使用中不打算排除所示出和描述的特征的任何等同物或其部分,而是应该认识到在本发明的范围内的各种修改都是可能的。因此应该理解,尽管本发明已通过具体实施方式 和任选特征进行说明,但本领域技术人员可以借助本文公开的构思的修改和/或改变,并且这样的修改和改变被认为是在本发明的范围之内。
在本文中引述了大量专利和非专利参考文献。所引用的参考文献在此以其全文引为参考。在说明书中的术语的定义与引用的参考文献中术语的定义之间不一致的情况下,应该根据本说明书中的定义来解释术语。
Claims (13)
1.一种包含分离的芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)细菌和载体的接种剂用于诱导用所述接种剂处理过的植物产生一种或多种挥发性有机化合物(VOC)的用途,其中所述细菌是植物根际促生菌(PGPR),并且所述用途包括用所述接种剂处理植物或植物周围的土壤。
2.权利要求1的用途,其中所述细菌选自解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillusamyloliquefaciens)、莫哈韦芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mojavensis)、盐土芽孢杆菌(Bacillussolisalsi)、短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)、简单芽孢杆菌(Bacillus simplex)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)及其混合物。
3.权利要求1的用途,其中所述一种或多种VOC包括选自α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、乙酸顺-3-己烯酯、柠檬烯、β-罗勒烯、芳樟醇、(E)-4,8-二甲基-1,3,7-壬三烯、水杨酸甲酯、癸醛、顺-茉莉酮、石竹烯、α-蛇麻烯、β-法呢烯的一种或多种化合物及其混合物。
4.权利要求1的用途,其中所述一种或多种VOC改变暴露于所述一种或多种VOC的昆虫的行为。
5.权利要求4的用途,其中所述昆虫是草食性动物,并且所述一种或多种VOC减少所述昆虫在所述植物上产卵和/或所述昆虫以所述植物为食。
6.权利要求4的用途,其中所述昆虫是肉食性动物或拟寄生物,并且所述一种或多种VOC将所述肉食性动物或所述拟寄生物吸引到所述植物。
7.权利要求1-6任一项的用途,其中所述细菌的16S rDNA核酸序列与SEQ ID NO:1具有至少98%的同一性、与SEQ ID NO:2具有至少98%的同一性、与SEQ ID NO:3具有至少91%的同一性、与SEQ ID NO:4具有至少96%的同一性、与SEQ ID NO:5具有至少93%的同一性或与SEQ ID NO:6具有至少98%的同一性。
8.权利要求1-6任一项的用途,其中所述细菌是:
(a)解淀粉芽孢杆菌或包含解淀粉芽孢杆菌的混合物,任选地其中所述细菌选自解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株AP-136、解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株AP-188、解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株AP-218、解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株AP-219和解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株AP-295;
(b)莫哈韦芽孢杆菌或包含莫哈韦芽孢杆菌的混合物,任选地其中所述细菌是莫哈韦芽孢杆菌菌株AP-209;
(c)盐土芽孢杆菌或包含盐土芽孢杆菌的混合物,任选地其中所述细菌是盐土芽孢杆菌菌株AP-217;
(d)短小芽孢杆菌或包含短小芽孢杆菌的混合物,任选地其中所述细菌是短小芽孢杆菌菌株INR-7;
(e)简单芽孢杆菌或包含简单芽孢杆菌的混合物,任选地其中所述细菌是简单芽孢杆菌菌株ABU 288,或
(f)枯草芽孢杆菌菌株MBI 600。
9.权利要求1-6任一项的用途,其中所述接种剂还包含植物激素、抗微生物化合物或两者,任选地其中所述植物激素选自3-羟基丁酮、2,3-丁二醇和吲哚乙酸,并且所述抗微生物化合物选自苯乙醇和4-羟基苯甲酸盐。
10.一种改变昆虫对植物的行为的方法,所述方法包括向植物、植物的种子或植物周围的土壤施用包含分离的芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)细菌和载体的接种剂,所述接种剂诱导用所述接种剂处理过的植物产生一种或多种VOC,其中所述细菌是植物根际促生菌(PGPR)。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中所述昆虫是:
(a)草食性动物,并且所述方法减少所述昆虫在所述植物上产卵和/或所述昆虫以所述植物为食;或者
(b)肉食性动物或拟寄生物,并且所述方法将所述肉食性动物或拟寄生物吸引到所述植物。
12.权利要求1-6任一项的用途,其中所述植物选自苜蓿、水稻、大麦、黑麦、棉花、向日葵、花生、玉米、马铃薯、甘薯、菜豆、豌豆、小扁豆、菊苣、生菜、苦苣、卷心菜、抱子甘蓝、甜菜、欧洲防风草、芜菁、花椰菜、西兰花、小萝卜、菠菜、洋葱、大蒜、茄子、辣椒、芹菜、胡萝卜、南瓜、倭瓜、西葫芦、黄瓜、苹果、梨、甜瓜、柑橘、草莓、葡萄、覆盆子、菠萝、大豆、低芥酸油菜、油菜、春小麦、冬小麦、烟草、番茄、高粱和甘蔗。
13.权利要求10或11的方法,其中所述植物选自苜蓿、水稻、大麦、黑麦、棉花、向日葵、花生、玉米、马铃薯、甘薯、菜豆、豌豆、小扁豆、菊苣、生菜、苦苣、卷心菜、抱子甘蓝、甜菜、欧洲防风草、芜菁、花椰菜、西兰花、小萝卜、菠菜、洋葱、大蒜、茄子、辣椒、芹菜、胡萝卜、南瓜、倭瓜、西葫芦、黄瓜、苹果、梨、甜瓜、柑橘、草莓、葡萄、覆盆子、菠萝、大豆、低芥酸油菜、油菜、春小麦、冬小麦、烟草、番茄、高粱和甘蔗。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US42197910P | 2010-12-10 | 2010-12-10 | |
US61/421,979 | 2010-12-10 | ||
PCT/US2011/064403 WO2012079073A1 (en) | 2010-12-10 | 2011-12-12 | Inoculants including bacillus bacteria for inducing production of volatile organic compounds in plants |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN103889235A CN103889235A (zh) | 2014-06-25 |
CN103889235B true CN103889235B (zh) | 2016-11-23 |
Family
ID=45390227
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201180066750.3A Active CN103889235B (zh) | 2010-12-10 | 2011-12-12 | 用于在植物中诱导挥发性有机化合物生产的包含芽孢杆菌属(bacillus)细菌的接种剂 |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US8445255B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2648521B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2014503517A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20140023882A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN103889235B (zh) |
AR (1) | AR084247A1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2011341317A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112013014458B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2820303C (zh) |
CL (1) | CL2013001662A1 (zh) |
CO (1) | CO6791563A2 (zh) |
CR (1) | CR20130273A (zh) |
EA (1) | EA201390851A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2773098T3 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX354636B (zh) |
PE (1) | PE20140003A1 (zh) |
UY (1) | UY33796A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2012079073A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104630088A (zh) * | 2014-12-13 | 2015-05-20 | 河南农业大学 | 一种花生根际促生菌hs4及其应用 |
Families Citing this family (225)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20140023882A (ko) | 2010-12-10 | 2014-02-27 | 어번 유니버시티 | 식물에서의 휘발성 유기 화합물의 생성을 유도하기 위한 바실루스 박테리아를 포함하는 접종물 |
CN103826476A (zh) | 2011-04-29 | 2014-05-28 | 奥本大学 | 用于治疗和预防水生动物中的感染的芽孢杆菌属细菌 |
EP2676536A1 (en) | 2012-06-22 | 2013-12-25 | AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH | Method for producing plant seed containing endophytic micro-organisms |
WO2014053401A2 (en) | 2012-10-01 | 2014-04-10 | Basf Se | Method of improving plant health |
AR094139A1 (es) | 2012-10-01 | 2015-07-15 | Basf Se | Mezclas activas como plaguicidas, que comprenden compuestos de antranilamida |
WO2014053407A1 (en) | 2012-10-01 | 2014-04-10 | Basf Se | N-thio-anthranilamide compounds and their use as pesticides |
WO2014053403A1 (en) | 2012-10-01 | 2014-04-10 | Basf Se | Method of controlling insecticide resistant insects |
WO2014053406A1 (en) | 2012-10-01 | 2014-04-10 | Basf Se | Method of controlling ryanodine-modulator insecticide resistant insects |
JP2015532274A (ja) | 2012-10-01 | 2015-11-09 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアBasf Se | 栽培植物へのn−チオ−アントラニルアミド化合物の使用 |
CN104768377A (zh) | 2012-10-01 | 2015-07-08 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 包含邻氨基苯甲酰胺类化合物的农药活性混合物 |
US20150257383A1 (en) | 2012-10-12 | 2015-09-17 | Basf Se | Method for combating phytopathogenic harmful microbes on cultivated plants or plant propagation material |
MX2015005322A (es) | 2012-11-15 | 2015-07-14 | Basf Corp | Composiciones de acolchado y tierra para macetas que contienen microorganismos y metodos relacionados. |
WO2014079774A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 | 2014-05-30 | Basf Se | Pesticidal mixtures |
WO2014079841A1 (en) * | 2012-11-22 | 2014-05-30 | Basf Se | Pesticidal mixtures |
US20150313241A1 (en) * | 2012-11-22 | 2015-11-05 | Basf Corporation | Pesticidal Mixtures |
WO2014079804A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 | 2014-05-30 | Basf Se | Pesticidal mixtures |
WO2014079820A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 | 2014-05-30 | Basf Se | Use of anthranilamide compounds for reducing insect-vectored viral infections |
CA2891207C (en) | 2012-11-22 | 2023-08-22 | Basf Corporation | A pesticidal composition comprising beauveria bassiana |
WO2014079766A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 | 2014-05-30 | Basf Se | Pesticidal mixtures |
CN104902756B (zh) * | 2012-11-22 | 2018-11-27 | 巴斯夫公司 | 农药混合物 |
EP2922395B1 (en) | 2012-11-22 | 2019-06-05 | BASF Corporation | Pesticidal mixtures |
WO2014079772A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 | 2014-05-30 | Basf Se | Pesticidal mixtures |
WO2014079770A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 | 2014-05-30 | Basf Se | Pesticidal mixtures |
WO2014079769A1 (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2014-05-30 | Basf Se | Pesticidal mixtures |
WO2014079813A1 (en) | 2012-11-23 | 2014-05-30 | Basf Se | Pesticidal mixtures |
WO2014079752A1 (en) | 2012-11-23 | 2014-05-30 | Basf Se | Pesticidal mixtures |
WO2014082881A1 (en) | 2012-11-27 | 2014-06-05 | Basf Se | Substituted 2-[phenoxy-phenyl]-1-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-ethanol compounds and their use as fungicides |
CN104955813A (zh) | 2012-11-27 | 2015-09-30 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 取代的[1,2,4]***化合物 |
WO2014082871A1 (en) | 2012-11-27 | 2014-06-05 | Basf Se | Substituted 2-[phenoxy-phenyl]-1-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-ethanol compounds and their use as fungicides |
WO2014082879A1 (en) | 2012-11-27 | 2014-06-05 | Basf Se | Substituted [1,2,4]triazole compounds |
WO2014086856A1 (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2014-06-12 | Basf Agro B.V., Arnhem (Nl) | Compositions comprising a quillay extract and a biopesticide |
WO2014086854A1 (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2014-06-12 | Basf Agro B.V., Arnhem (Nl) | Compositions comprising a quillay extract and a plant growth regulator |
WO2014086850A1 (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2014-06-12 | Basf Agro B.V., Arnhem (Nl) | Compositions comprising a quillay extract and a fungicidal inhibitor of respiratory complex ii |
WO2014095547A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-26 | Basf Se | New substituted triazoles and imidazoles and their use as fungicides |
WO2014095534A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-26 | Basf Se | New substituted triazoles and imidazoles and their use as fungicides |
EP2746262A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-25 | Basf Se | Substituted [1,2,4]triazole and imidazole compounds for combating phytopathogenic fungi |
EP2746278A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-25 | Basf Se | Substituted [1,2,4]triazole and imidazole compounds |
EP2746266A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-25 | Basf Se | New substituted triazoles and imidazoles and their use as fungicides |
CN105164111B (zh) | 2012-12-19 | 2018-11-20 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 取代[1,2,4]***及其作为杀真菌剂的用途 |
EP2746279A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-25 | Basf Se | Fungicidal imidazolyl and triazolyl compounds |
EP2746256A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-25 | Basf Se | Fungicidal imidazolyl and triazolyl compounds |
WO2014095381A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-26 | Basf Se | Fungicidal imidazolyl and triazolyl compounds |
EP2746263A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-25 | Basf Se | Alpha-substituted triazoles and imidazoles |
EP2935237A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2015-10-28 | Basf Se | Substituted [1,2,4]triazole compounds and their use as fungicides |
EP2746264A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-25 | Basf Se | Substituted [1,2,4]triazole and imidazole compounds |
WO2014095555A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-26 | Basf Se | New substituted triazoles and imidazoles and their use as fungicides |
EP2746277A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-25 | Basf Se | Fungicidal imidazolyl and triazolyl compounds |
EP2746255A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-25 | Basf Se | Substituted [1,2,4]triazole and imidazole compounds |
EP2746260A1 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-25 | Basf Se | Substituted [1,2,4]triazole and imidazole compounds |
EP2746259A1 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-25 | Basf Se | Substituted [1,2,4]triazole and imidazole compounds |
EP2746258A1 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-25 | Basf Se | Substituted [1,2,4]triazole and imidazole compounds |
EP2746257A1 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-25 | Basf Se | Substituted [1,2,4]triazole and imidazole compounds |
AU2013377774A1 (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2015-09-17 | University Of Saskatchewan | Endophytic microbial symbionts in plant prenatal care |
WO2014124850A1 (en) | 2013-02-14 | 2014-08-21 | Basf Se | Substituted [1,2,4]triazole and imidazole compounds |
CA2898583C (en) | 2013-03-20 | 2023-09-26 | Basf Corporation | Synergistic compositions comprising a bacillus subtilis strain and a biopesticide |
WO2014172520A1 (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2014-10-23 | Envera, Llc | Novel bacillus strains compositions |
EP2815649A1 (en) | 2013-06-18 | 2014-12-24 | Basf Se | Fungicidal mixtures II comprising strobilurin-type fungicides |
MX2020003135A (es) | 2013-06-26 | 2021-03-25 | Indigo Ag Inc | Poblaciones endofitas derivadas de semillas, composiciones y metodos de uso. |
US10136646B2 (en) | 2013-06-26 | 2018-11-27 | Indigo Ag, Inc. | Agricultural endophyte-plant compositions, and methods of use |
WO2015011615A1 (en) | 2013-07-22 | 2015-01-29 | Basf Corporation | Mixtures comprising a trichoderma strain and a pesticide |
CA3209979A1 (en) | 2013-09-04 | 2015-03-12 | Indigo Ag, Inc. | Agricultural endophyte-plant compositions, and methods of use |
CA2923101A1 (en) | 2013-09-16 | 2015-03-19 | Basf Se | Fungicidal pyrimidine compounds |
WO2015036059A1 (en) | 2013-09-16 | 2015-03-19 | Basf Se | Fungicidal pyrimidine compounds |
WO2015056666A1 (ja) * | 2013-10-17 | 2015-04-23 | 出光興産株式会社 | 新規微生物およびその利用 |
WO2015055757A1 (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2015-04-23 | Basf Se | Use of pesticidal active carboxamide derivative in soil and seed application and treatment methods |
EP3068212B1 (en) | 2013-11-06 | 2019-12-25 | The Texas A&M University System | Fungal endophytes for improved crop yields and protection from pests |
EP3080092B1 (en) | 2013-12-12 | 2019-02-06 | Basf Se | Substituted [1,2,4]triazole and imidazole compounds |
AR098806A1 (es) * | 2013-12-18 | 2016-06-15 | Dupont Nutrition Biosci Aps | Compuestos biológicos para plantas |
US20160318897A1 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2016-11-03 | Basf Se | Azole compounds carrying an imine-derived substituent |
WO2015100432A2 (en) | 2013-12-24 | 2015-07-02 | Symbiota, Inc. | Method for propagating microorganisms within plant bioreactors and stably storing microorganisms within agricultural seeds |
CA3101008A1 (en) | 2013-12-24 | 2015-07-02 | Indigo Ag, Inc. | Plants containing beneficial endophytes |
US9364005B2 (en) | 2014-06-26 | 2016-06-14 | Ait Austrian Institute Of Technology Gmbh | Plant-endophyte combinations and uses therefor |
WO2015104422A1 (en) | 2014-01-13 | 2015-07-16 | Basf Se | Dihydrothiophene compounds for controlling invertebrate pests |
EP2924027A1 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2015-09-30 | Basf Se | Substituted [1,2,4]triazole and imidazole fungicidal compounds |
RU2689686C2 (ru) | 2014-05-23 | 2019-05-28 | Басф Се | Смеси, включающие штамм bacillus и пестицид |
EP2962568A1 (en) | 2014-07-01 | 2016-01-06 | Basf Se | Mixtures comprising a bacillus amyliquefaciens ssp. plantarum strain and a pesticide |
EP2949216A1 (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2015-12-02 | Basf Se | Fungicidal substituted alkynyl [1,2,4]triazole and imidazole compounds |
EP2949649A1 (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2015-12-02 | Basf Se | Fungicide substituted [1,2,4]triazole and imidazole compounds |
EP2952512A1 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-12-09 | Basf Se | Substituted [1,2,4]triazole compounds |
EP2952506A1 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-12-09 | Basf Se | Substituted [1,2,4]triazole and imidazole compounds |
EP2952507A1 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-12-09 | Basf Se | Substituted [1,2,4]triazole compounds |
AU2015278238B2 (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2018-04-26 | The Flinders University Of South Australia | Inoculants and methods for use thereof |
EP3763214A3 (en) | 2014-06-26 | 2021-03-31 | Indigo Ag, Inc. | Endophytes, associated compositions, and methods of use thereof |
EP2962567A1 (en) | 2014-07-01 | 2016-01-06 | Basf Se | Ternary mixtures comprising biopesticides and at least two chemical insecticides |
US20170226598A1 (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2017-08-10 | The Royal Institution For The Advancement Of Learning/Mcgill University | A bacillus methylotrophicus strain and method of using the strain to increase drought resistance in a plant |
WO2016054222A1 (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2016-04-07 | Auburn University | Use of pectin or pectin-related saccharides to enhance efficacy of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) strains for promoting growth and health in plants and animals |
JP2017538860A (ja) | 2014-10-24 | 2017-12-28 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアBasf Se | 固体粒子の表面荷電を改変するための、非両性の四級化可能な水溶性ポリマー |
BR112017009282A2 (pt) | 2014-11-07 | 2018-01-30 | Basf Se | misturas fungicidas, composição pesticida, métodos para controlar pragas fitopatogênicas, para melhorar a fitossanidade e para proteção de material de propagação de plantas contra pragas, e, material de propagação de plantas. |
CN104630095B (zh) * | 2014-12-13 | 2018-04-17 | 河南农业大学 | 一种花生根际促生菌hs3及其应用 |
JP6758296B2 (ja) | 2014-12-29 | 2020-09-23 | エフ エム シー コーポレーションFmc Corporation | 植物の成長に利益をもたらす及び植物病害を治療するための微生物組成物 |
RU2017127214A (ru) | 2014-12-30 | 2019-02-01 | Индиго Агрикалче, Инк. | Эндофиты семян по сортам и видам, ассоцированные композиции и способы их использования |
CN105831160A (zh) * | 2015-01-16 | 2016-08-10 | 武汉虹睿生物科技开发有限公司 | 利用Bacillus mojavensis KJS-3菌株或其培养物促进植物生长及防止植物死亡的组成物 |
WO2016128239A1 (en) | 2015-02-11 | 2016-08-18 | Basf Se | Pesticidal mixture comprising a pyrazole compound and a biopesticide |
AR103798A1 (es) * | 2015-02-27 | 2017-06-07 | Agrinos AS | Consorcios microbianos |
MX2017010787A (es) | 2015-02-27 | 2018-06-08 | Agrinos AS | Consorcios microbianos. |
UA121878C2 (uk) | 2015-02-27 | 2020-08-10 | Агрінос Ас | Композиція для підвищення врожайності сільськогосподарських культур рослин |
US11219211B2 (en) | 2015-03-11 | 2022-01-11 | Basf Agrochemical Products B.V. | Pesticidal mixture comprising a carboxamide compound and a biopesticide |
WO2016142456A1 (en) | 2015-03-11 | 2016-09-15 | BASF Agro B.V. | Pesticidal mixture comprising a carboxamide compound and a biopesticide |
MX2017013866A (es) | 2015-05-01 | 2018-04-13 | Indigo Agriculture Inc | Composiciones endofitas en complejo diseñadas y metodos para mejorar los rasgos de plantas. |
MX2017013864A (es) | 2015-05-01 | 2018-04-24 | Indigo Agriculture Inc | Composiciones endofitas en complejo aisladas y metodos para mejorar los rasgos de plantas. |
WO2016200987A1 (en) | 2015-06-08 | 2016-12-15 | Indigo Agriculture, Inc. | Streptomyces endophyte compositions and methods for improved agronomic traits in plants |
UA125170C2 (uk) | 2015-06-16 | 2022-01-26 | Басф Агрокемікал Продактс Б.В. | Спосіб боротьби з блішками сімейства chrysomelidae в культурах brassica |
EP3111763A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 | 2017-01-04 | BASF Agro B.V. | Pesticidal compositions comprising a triazole compound |
CN105018393B (zh) * | 2015-08-14 | 2018-02-23 | 山东泰诺药业有限公司 | 一株巨大芽孢杆菌及其应用 |
CN106590685A (zh) * | 2015-10-19 | 2017-04-26 | 粮华生物科技(北京)有限公司 | 重金属污染土壤的原位生物修复制剂和修复方法 |
EP3383183B1 (en) | 2015-11-30 | 2020-05-27 | Basf Se | Compositions containing cis-jasmone and bacillus amyloliquefaciens |
CN105441488B (zh) * | 2015-12-07 | 2019-01-08 | 南京农业大学 | 具有广谱拮抗土传病原菌功能的芽孢杆菌m29产生的抗菌粗提物及其应用 |
CN105420149B (zh) * | 2015-12-07 | 2018-09-21 | 南京农业大学 | 具有广谱拮抗土传病原菌功能的芽孢杆菌m29及其应用 |
US11751515B2 (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2023-09-12 | Indigo Ag, Inc. | Endophyte compositions and methods for improvement of plant traits in plants of agronomic importance |
CN105394098B (zh) * | 2015-12-23 | 2017-11-03 | 云南省农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | 一种防治菜青虫的方法 |
CN105410058B (zh) * | 2015-12-23 | 2017-12-08 | 云南省农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | 一种菜青虫杀虫剂及其制备方法 |
EP3405564A4 (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2019-09-04 | Bioconsortia, Inc. | BENEFICIAL MICROBES FOR AGRICULTURE, MICROBIAL COMPOSITIONS AND CONSORTIVA |
EP3205209A1 (en) | 2016-02-09 | 2017-08-16 | Basf Se | Mixtures and compositions comprising paenibacillus strains or metabolites thereof and other biopesticides |
US11425909B2 (en) | 2016-03-16 | 2022-08-30 | Basf Se | Use of tetrazolinones for combating resistant phytopathogenic fungi on fruits |
US10905122B2 (en) | 2016-03-16 | 2021-02-02 | Basf Se | Use of tetrazolinones for combating resistant phytopathogenic fungi on cereals |
BR112018068705B1 (pt) | 2016-03-16 | 2022-09-06 | Basf Se | Método para controlar fungos fitopatogênicos |
WO2018050421A1 (en) | 2016-09-13 | 2018-03-22 | Basf Se | Fungicidal mixtures i comprising quinoline fungicides |
WO2018102733A1 (en) | 2016-12-01 | 2018-06-07 | Indigo Ag, Inc. | Modulated nutritional quality traits in seeds |
CA3086288A1 (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2018-06-28 | The Texas A&M University System | Fungal endophytes for improved crop yields and protection from pests |
CA3048997A1 (en) | 2017-01-03 | 2018-07-12 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Microbial compositions and methods |
WO2018149754A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 | 2018-08-23 | Basf Se | Pyridine compounds |
CN111432631A (zh) | 2017-03-01 | 2020-07-17 | 靛蓝股份公司 | 内生植物组合物和用于改进植株性状的方法 |
WO2018160245A1 (en) | 2017-03-01 | 2018-09-07 | Indigo Ag, Inc. | Endophyte compositions and methods for improvement of plant traits |
KR102596592B1 (ko) | 2017-03-28 | 2023-10-31 | 바스프 에스이 | 살충 화합물 |
US20200187500A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 | 2020-06-18 | Basf Se | Pyridine compounds |
MX2019012813A (es) | 2017-04-26 | 2020-01-14 | Basf Se | Derivados de succinimida sustituida como plaguicidas. |
US11882838B2 (en) | 2017-04-27 | 2024-01-30 | The Flinders University Of South Australia | Bacterial inoculants |
CA3059282A1 (en) | 2017-05-10 | 2018-11-15 | Basf Se | Bicyclic pesticidal compounds |
EP3630731B1 (en) | 2017-05-30 | 2023-08-09 | Basf Se | Pyridine and pyrazine compounds for combating phytopathogenic fungi |
CN110770235A (zh) | 2017-06-16 | 2020-02-07 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 用于防除动物害虫的介离子咪唑鎓化合物和衍生物 |
EP3642203A1 (en) | 2017-06-19 | 2020-04-29 | Basf Se | Substituted pyrimidinium compounds and derivatives for combating animal pests |
WO2018234488A1 (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2018-12-27 | Basf Se | SUBSTITUTED CYCLOPROPYL DERIVATIVES |
US11263707B2 (en) | 2017-08-08 | 2022-03-01 | Indigo Ag, Inc. | Machine learning in agricultural planting, growing, and harvesting contexts |
EP3453706A1 (en) | 2017-09-08 | 2019-03-13 | Basf Se | Pesticidal imidazole compounds |
UA126082C2 (uk) | 2017-09-22 | 2022-08-10 | Техніше Універзітет Ґрац | Полімерні частинки, які містять мікроорганізми |
WO2019057660A1 (en) | 2017-09-25 | 2019-03-28 | Basf Se | INDOLE AND AZAINDOLE COMPOUNDS HAVING 6-CHANNEL SUBSTITUTED ARYL AND HETEROARYL CYCLES AS AGROCHEMICAL FUNGICIDES |
BR112020006037A2 (pt) | 2017-10-13 | 2020-10-06 | Basf Se | compostos, misturas pesticidas, composição agroquímica, métodos para controlar pragas de invertebrados, para proteger plantas e para proteção de material de propagação de plantas, semente e uso de compostos de fórmula (i) |
WO2019121143A1 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2019-06-27 | Basf Se | Substituted cyclopropyl derivatives |
UA127604C2 (uk) | 2017-12-21 | 2023-11-01 | Басф Се | Пестицидні сполуки |
BR112020012706A2 (pt) | 2018-01-09 | 2020-11-24 | Basf Se | uso de um composto de silietinil hetarila, composição para uso na redução de nitrificação, mistura agroquímica, métodos para reduzir a nitrificação e para tratamento de um fertilizante ou de uma composição |
BR112020013724B1 (pt) * | 2018-01-10 | 2022-04-05 | Bayer Cropscience Lp | Métodos para produzir células microbianas do solo associadas a plantas (pasm) |
WO2019137995A1 (en) | 2018-01-11 | 2019-07-18 | Basf Se | Novel pyridazine compounds for controlling invertebrate pests |
CA3088258A1 (en) | 2018-01-24 | 2019-08-01 | Omnigen Research, Llc | Bacillus combination for administration to animals |
IL276745B2 (en) | 2018-02-28 | 2023-10-01 | Basf Se | Use of N-functional alkoxy pyrazole compounds as nitrification inhibitors |
WO2019166561A1 (en) | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-06 | Basf Se | Use of alkoxypyrazoles as nitrification inhibitors |
EP3758491A1 (en) | 2018-02-28 | 2021-01-06 | Basf Se | Use of pyrazole propargyl ethers as nitrification inhibitors |
WO2019175712A1 (en) | 2018-03-14 | 2019-09-19 | Basf Corporation | New uses for catechol molecules as inhibitors to glutathione s-transferase metabolic pathways |
WO2019175713A1 (en) | 2018-03-14 | 2019-09-19 | Basf Corporation | New catechol molecules and their use as inhibitors to p450 related metabolic pathways |
CN108330092A (zh) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-07-27 | 刘若晗 | 一株具有促生功能的沙福芽孢杆菌及其菌剂与应用 |
CN108587963B (zh) * | 2018-05-02 | 2020-07-28 | 山东农业大学 | 一株从木薯渣中筛选到的Lysinibacillus macroides及其应用 |
WO2019224092A1 (en) | 2018-05-22 | 2019-11-28 | Basf Se | Pesticidally active c15-derivatives of ginkgolides |
WO2020002472A1 (en) | 2018-06-28 | 2020-01-02 | Basf Se | Use of alkynylthiophenes as nitrification inhibitors |
WO2020020777A1 (en) | 2018-07-23 | 2020-01-30 | Basf Se | Use of substituted 2-thiazolines as nitrification inhibitors |
ES2969872T3 (es) | 2018-07-23 | 2024-05-23 | Basf Se | Uso de un compuesto de tiazolidina sustituida como inhibidor de la nitrificación |
EP3613736A1 (en) | 2018-08-22 | 2020-02-26 | Basf Se | Substituted glutarimide derivatives |
EP3628158A1 (en) | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-01 | Basf Se | Pesticidal mixture comprising a mesoionic compound and a biopesticide |
CN109221128B (zh) * | 2018-10-19 | 2020-01-14 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | 蛋白激发子PeBA1在诱导农作物抗蚜中的应用 |
EP3643705A1 (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2020-04-29 | Basf Se | Pesticidal compounds |
EP3887357A1 (en) | 2018-11-28 | 2021-10-06 | Basf Se | Pesticidal compounds |
CN109456922B (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-09-10 | 江苏大学 | 一株提高鱼酱发酵品质的中度嗜盐菌菌株花津滩芽孢杆菌 |
CN109456920B (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-09-10 | 江苏大学 | 一株提高鱼酱发酵品质的中度嗜盐菌菌株海水芽孢杆菌 |
EP3670501A1 (en) | 2018-12-17 | 2020-06-24 | Basf Se | Substituted [1,2,4]triazole compounds as fungicides |
WO2020126591A1 (en) | 2018-12-18 | 2020-06-25 | Basf Se | Substituted pyrimidinium compounds for combating animal pests |
EP3696177A1 (en) | 2019-02-12 | 2020-08-19 | Basf Se | Heterocyclic compounds for the control of invertebrate pests |
EP3730489A1 (en) | 2019-04-25 | 2020-10-28 | Basf Se | Heteroaryl compounds as agrochemical fungicides |
WO2020239517A1 (en) | 2019-05-29 | 2020-12-03 | Basf Se | Mesoionic imidazolium compounds and derivatives for combating animal pests |
EP3769623A1 (en) | 2019-07-22 | 2021-01-27 | Basf Se | Mesoionic imidazolium compounds and derivatives for combating animal pests |
CN110257486B (zh) * | 2019-06-27 | 2022-09-09 | 福建省致青生态环保有限公司 | 一种基于纤维素酶基因表征堆肥腐熟度的方法 |
CN110257487A (zh) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-09-20 | 福建省致青生态环保有限公司 | 一种基于纤维素酶基因计算菌剂施加量的方法及其应用 |
CN110628661B (zh) * | 2019-07-05 | 2022-02-11 | 哈尔滨师范大学 | 一株莫海威芽孢杆菌cjx-61及其应用 |
EP3766879A1 (en) | 2019-07-19 | 2021-01-20 | Basf Se | Pesticidal pyrazole derivatives |
CN110607263B (zh) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-01-22 | 石河子大学 | 一种嗜碱芽孢杆菌菌株wp-1及其应用 |
US20230106291A1 (en) | 2020-02-28 | 2023-04-06 | BASF Agro B.V. | Methods and uses of a mixture comprising alpha-cypermethrin and dinotefuran for controlling invertebrate pests in t |
ES2763224B2 (es) * | 2020-04-21 | 2021-02-23 | Univ Valencia Politecnica | Uso de ésteres de (Z)-3-hexenilo y método para proteger plantas frente a plagas |
EP3903581A1 (en) | 2020-04-28 | 2021-11-03 | Basf Se | Use of strobilurin type compounds for combating phytopathogenic fungi containing an amino acid substitution f129l in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to qo inhibitors i |
EP4143167B1 (en) | 2020-04-28 | 2024-05-15 | Basf Se | Pesticidal compounds |
EP3903582A1 (en) | 2020-04-28 | 2021-11-03 | Basf Se | Use of strobilurin type compounds for combating phytopathogenic fungi containing an amino acid substitution f129l in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to qo inhibitors ii |
EP3903583A1 (en) | 2020-04-28 | 2021-11-03 | Basf Se | Use of strobilurin type compounds for combating phytopathogenic fungi containing an amino acid substitution f129l in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to qo inhibitors iii |
EP3903584A1 (en) | 2020-04-28 | 2021-11-03 | Basf Se | Use of strobilurin type compounds for combating phytopathogenic fungi containing an amino acid substitution f129l in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to qo inhibitors iv |
EP3909950A1 (en) | 2020-05-13 | 2021-11-17 | Basf Se | Heterocyclic compounds for the control of invertebrate pests |
EP3945089A1 (en) | 2020-07-31 | 2022-02-02 | Basf Se | Use of strobilurin type compounds for combating phytopathogenic fungi containing an amino acid substitution f129l in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to qo inhibitors v |
WO2021249800A1 (en) | 2020-06-10 | 2021-12-16 | Basf Se | Substituted [1,2,4]triazole compounds as fungicides |
EP3939961A1 (en) | 2020-07-16 | 2022-01-19 | Basf Se | Strobilurin type compounds and their use for combating phytopathogenic fungi |
WO2022017836A1 (en) | 2020-07-20 | 2022-01-27 | BASF Agro B.V. | Fungicidal compositions comprising (r)-2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1- (1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol |
EP3970494A1 (en) | 2020-09-21 | 2022-03-23 | Basf Se | Use of strobilurin type compounds for combating phytopathogenic fungi containing an amino acid substitution f129l in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to qo inhibitors viii |
CN112262845B (zh) * | 2020-09-23 | 2021-08-10 | 安徽师范大学 | 植物源萜烯化合物在防治甜菜夜蛾方面的应用 |
CN116209355A (zh) | 2020-10-27 | 2023-06-02 | 巴斯夫农业公司 | 包含氯氟醚菌唑的组合物 |
WO2022090069A1 (en) | 2020-11-02 | 2022-05-05 | Basf Se | Compositions comprising mefenpyr-diethyl |
WO2022106304A1 (en) | 2020-11-23 | 2022-05-27 | BASF Agro B.V. | Compositions comprising mefentrifluconazole |
EP4011208A1 (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2022-06-15 | BASF Corporation | Microparticle compositions comprising fluopyram |
AU2021398989A1 (en) | 2020-12-17 | 2023-07-06 | Basf Se | Spore compositions, production and uses thereof |
CN112899188A (zh) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-04 | 西南大学 | 一种促进作物根系发育的微生物菌剂及其制备与应用 |
AR124796A1 (es) | 2021-02-02 | 2023-05-03 | Basf Se | Acción sinérgica de dcd y alcoxipirazoles como inhibidores de la nitrificación |
EP4043444A1 (en) | 2021-02-11 | 2022-08-17 | Basf Se | Substituted isoxazoline derivatives |
BR112023024017A2 (pt) | 2021-05-18 | 2024-02-06 | Basf Se | Compostos, composição, método para combater fungos fitopatogênicos e semente |
AU2022279357A1 (en) | 2021-05-18 | 2023-11-30 | Basf Se | New substituted pyridines as fungicides |
CN117355520A (zh) | 2021-05-18 | 2024-01-05 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 用作杀真菌剂的新型取代喹啉类 |
WO2022243521A1 (en) | 2021-05-21 | 2022-11-24 | Basf Se | Use of ethynylpyridine compounds as nitrification inhibitors |
AR125955A1 (es) | 2021-05-21 | 2023-08-30 | Basf Se | Uso de un compuesto de alcoxi pirazol n-funcionalizado como inhibidor de nitrificación |
WO2022268810A1 (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2022-12-29 | Basf Se | Metal-organic frameworks with pyrazole-based building blocks |
EP4119547A1 (en) | 2021-07-12 | 2023-01-18 | Basf Se | Triazole compounds for the control of invertebrate pests |
IL310497A (en) | 2021-08-02 | 2024-03-01 | Basf Se | (3-quinolyl)-quinazoline |
WO2023011958A1 (en) | 2021-08-02 | 2023-02-09 | Basf Se | (3-pirydyl)-quinazoline |
EP4140986A1 (en) | 2021-08-23 | 2023-03-01 | Basf Se | Pyrazine compounds for the control of invertebrate pests |
EP4140995A1 (en) | 2021-08-27 | 2023-03-01 | Basf Se | Pyrazine compounds for the control of invertebrate pests |
CN113862178B (zh) * | 2021-09-13 | 2023-08-22 | 王善仙 | 一种韩国芽孢杆菌lqb126、固定化微生物菌剂及其应用 |
EP4151631A1 (en) | 2021-09-20 | 2023-03-22 | Basf Se | Heterocyclic compounds for the control of invertebrate pests |
KR102430784B1 (ko) * | 2021-10-12 | 2022-08-09 | 한국과학기술원 | 콩 휘발성유기화합물을 유효성분으로 함유하는 노린재 유인용 조성물 및 이의 용도 |
WO2023072671A1 (en) | 2021-10-28 | 2023-05-04 | Basf Se | Use of strobilurin type compounds for combating phytopathogenic fungi containing an amino acid substitution f129l in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to qo inhibitors ix |
WO2023072670A1 (en) | 2021-10-28 | 2023-05-04 | Basf Se | Use of strobilurin type compounds for combating phytopathogenic fungi containing an amino acid substitution f129l in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to qo inhibitors x |
EP4194453A1 (en) | 2021-12-08 | 2023-06-14 | Basf Se | Pyrazine compounds for the control of invertebrate pests |
EP4198033A1 (en) | 2021-12-14 | 2023-06-21 | Basf Se | Heterocyclic compounds for the control of invertebrate pests |
EP4198023A1 (en) | 2021-12-16 | 2023-06-21 | Basf Se | Pesticidally active thiosemicarbazone compounds |
CN114045247B (zh) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-04-25 | 滨州学院 | 一株海水芽孢杆菌及其在盐渍化农田生产中的应用 |
EP4238971A1 (en) | 2022-03-02 | 2023-09-06 | Basf Se | Substituted isoxazoline derivatives |
WO2023203066A1 (en) | 2022-04-21 | 2023-10-26 | Basf Se | Synergistic action as nitrification inhibitors of dcd oligomers with alkoxypyrazole and its oligomers |
WO2024028243A1 (en) | 2022-08-02 | 2024-02-08 | Basf Se | Pyrazolo pesticidal compounds |
EP4342885A1 (en) | 2022-09-20 | 2024-03-27 | Basf Se | N-(3-(aminomethyl)-phenyl)-5-(4-phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-amine derivatives and similar compounds as pesticides |
CN115820468B (zh) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-06-16 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | 一种高地芽孢杆菌ylb2-1及其应用 |
EP4361126A1 (en) | 2022-10-24 | 2024-05-01 | Basf Se | Use of strobilurin type compounds for combating phytopathogenic fungi containing an amino acid substitution f129l in the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein conferring resistance to qo inhibitors xv |
WO2024104822A1 (en) | 2022-11-16 | 2024-05-23 | Basf Se | Substituted tetrahydrobenzodiazepine as fungicides |
WO2024104823A1 (en) | 2022-11-16 | 2024-05-23 | Basf Se | New substituted tetrahydrobenzoxazepine |
WO2024104815A1 (en) | 2022-11-16 | 2024-05-23 | Basf Se | Substituted benzodiazepines as fungicides |
WO2024104818A1 (en) | 2022-11-16 | 2024-05-23 | Basf Se | Substituted benzodiazepines as fungicides |
EP4389210A1 (en) | 2022-12-21 | 2024-06-26 | Basf Se | Heteroaryl compounds for the control of invertebrate pests |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1244771A (zh) * | 1996-11-29 | 2000-02-16 | 麦克罗弗罗公司 | 含有细菌的农用组合物 |
WO2000051435A1 (en) * | 1999-03-01 | 2000-09-08 | Auburn University | Biological compositions and methods for enhancing plant growth and health and producing disease-suppressive plants |
CN1766091A (zh) * | 2005-09-23 | 2006-05-03 | 中国农业大学 | 一株枯草芽孢杆菌及其应用 |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7632493B2 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2009-12-15 | National Chung Hsing University | Method for preparing a composition containing Bacillus subtilis WG6-14 and related use |
KR20140023882A (ko) * | 2010-12-10 | 2014-02-27 | 어번 유니버시티 | 식물에서의 휘발성 유기 화합물의 생성을 유도하기 위한 바실루스 박테리아를 포함하는 접종물 |
-
2011
- 2011-12-12 KR KR1020137017925A patent/KR20140023882A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-12-12 UY UY0001033796A patent/UY33796A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-12-12 EA EA201390851A patent/EA201390851A1/ru unknown
- 2011-12-12 AR ARP110104636A patent/AR084247A1/es unknown
- 2011-12-12 BR BR112013014458-0A patent/BR112013014458B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2011-12-12 CA CA2820303A patent/CA2820303C/en active Active
- 2011-12-12 JP JP2013543407A patent/JP2014503517A/ja active Pending
- 2011-12-12 ES ES11799586T patent/ES2773098T3/es active Active
- 2011-12-12 CN CN201180066750.3A patent/CN103889235B/zh active Active
- 2011-12-12 MX MX2013006544A patent/MX354636B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2011-12-12 PE PE2013001381A patent/PE20140003A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-12-12 US US13/323,379 patent/US8445255B2/en active Active
- 2011-12-12 EP EP11799586.0A patent/EP2648521B1/en active Active
- 2011-12-12 WO PCT/US2011/064403 patent/WO2012079073A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-12-12 AU AU2011341317A patent/AU2011341317A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2013
- 2013-04-26 US US13/871,423 patent/US9282745B2/en active Active
- 2013-06-10 CL CL2013001662A patent/CL2013001662A1/es unknown
- 2013-06-10 CR CR20130273A patent/CR20130273A/es unknown
- 2013-06-12 CO CO13140637A patent/CO6791563A2/es not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2016
- 2016-02-03 US US15/014,397 patent/US9615583B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1244771A (zh) * | 1996-11-29 | 2000-02-16 | 麦克罗弗罗公司 | 含有细菌的农用组合物 |
WO2000051435A1 (en) * | 1999-03-01 | 2000-09-08 | Auburn University | Biological compositions and methods for enhancing plant growth and health and producing disease-suppressive plants |
CN1766091A (zh) * | 2005-09-23 | 2006-05-03 | 中国农业大学 | 一株枯草芽孢杆菌及其应用 |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
Airborne signals prime plants against insect herbivore attack;Juergen Engelberth et al;《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA》;20040210;第101卷(第6期);1781-1785 * |
Bacterial volatiles promote growth in Arabidopsis;Choong-Min Ryu et al;《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA》;20030415;第100卷(第8期);4927-4932 * |
Mixtures of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Enhance Biological Control of Multiple Cucumber Pathogens;Georg S. Raupach et al;《PHYTOPATHOLOGY》;19980101;第88卷(第11期);1158-1164 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104630088A (zh) * | 2014-12-13 | 2015-05-20 | 河南农业大学 | 一种花生根际促生菌hs4及其应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2648521A1 (en) | 2013-10-16 |
UY33796A (es) | 2012-06-29 |
PE20140003A1 (es) | 2014-02-09 |
EP2648521B1 (en) | 2020-02-05 |
US9282745B2 (en) | 2016-03-15 |
MX354636B (es) | 2018-03-14 |
EA201390851A1 (ru) | 2014-01-30 |
KR20140023882A (ko) | 2014-02-27 |
US20130267418A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
MX2013006544A (es) | 2013-09-26 |
JP2014503517A (ja) | 2014-02-13 |
CR20130273A (es) | 2014-04-15 |
US20120149571A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
US8445255B2 (en) | 2013-05-21 |
CL2013001662A1 (es) | 2014-06-20 |
US9615583B2 (en) | 2017-04-11 |
AU2011341317A1 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
CO6791563A2 (es) | 2013-11-14 |
BR112013014458A2 (pt) | 2016-09-13 |
CA2820303A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
BR112013014458B1 (pt) | 2023-09-26 |
AR084247A1 (es) | 2013-05-02 |
CN103889235A (zh) | 2014-06-25 |
CA2820303C (en) | 2020-02-25 |
US20160192661A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
ES2773098T3 (es) | 2020-07-09 |
WO2012079073A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN103889235B (zh) | 用于在植物中诱导挥发性有机化合物生产的包含芽孢杆菌属(bacillus)细菌的接种剂 | |
Giné et al. | Characterization of soil suppressiveness to root-knot nematodes in organic horticulture in plastic greenhouse | |
Almaghrabi et al. | Influence of inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on tomato plant growth and nematode reproduction under greenhouse conditions | |
Kokalis-Burelle et al. | Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria as transplant amendments and their effects on indigenous rhizosphere microorganisms | |
Tiwari et al. | Biocontrol agents in co-inoculation manages root knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood] and enhances essential oil content in Ocimum basilicum L. | |
Timper | Utilization of biological control for managing plant-parasitic nematodes | |
Naz et al. | Biological control of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, in vitro, greenhouse and field in cucumber | |
IL243336A (en) | Endophyte populations from seed source, preparations and methods of use | |
Freed et al. | Toxicity of proteins secreted by entomopathogenic fungi against Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) | |
CN103068247A (zh) | 包含芽孢杆菌的组合物 | |
Elhalag et al. | The Relation of Different Crop Roots Exudates to the Survival and Suppressive Effect of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (PD 4560), Biocontrol Agent of Bacterial Wilt of Potato | |
Kankam et al. | Rhizoctonia disease of potato: Epidemiology, toxin types and management | |
Jang et al. | History of a model plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, Bacillus velezensis GB03: from isolation to commercialization | |
Dotaona et al. | Sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius (Fab.)(Coleoptera: Brentidae) avoids its host plant when a virulent Metarhizium anisopliae isolate is present | |
RU2636550C2 (ru) | Био-нематоцидная композиция для профилактики, уничтожения или борьбы с нематодами в культурах семейства паслёновых и ее применение | |
Kim et al. | Economic threshold of Meloidogyne incognita for greenhouse grown cucumber in Korea | |
El-Deriny et al. | Potentiality of Trichoderma Species against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum and Meloidogyne javanica Disease Complex in Cucumber Plants | |
Griffin | The greater unseen: on the identities, distributions, and impacts of foliar bacteria on tropical arboreal species | |
Dardamani | Use of microorganisms as biological control agents against root knot nematodes | |
Ze et al. | Beneficial effects of Bacillus mojavensis strain MTC-8 on plant growth, immunity and disease resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae | |
Zhang | Chemical And Non-Chemical Control Of Potato Pink Rot | |
Boodal et al. | Gelatin Capsules To Enhance The Efficacy Of Lecanicillium lecanii Against Myzus persicae | |
Eyegheleme | Evaluation of Growth Media and Cost-Effective Formulations for Selected Biological Control Agents | |
Iamandei et al. | ENTOMOPATHOGENIC EFFECT OF SOME Beauveria ISOLATES ON THE TOMATO LEAF MINER Tuta absoluta (MEYRICK)(LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE) LARVAE UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS | |
Maria et al. | ENTOMOPATHOGENIC EFFECT OF SOME Beauveria ISOLATES ON THE TOMATO LEAF MINER Tuta absoluta (MEYRICK)(LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE) LARVAE UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |