CN103875393B - A kind of high yield cultivating method of annual Radix Angelicae Sinensis - Google Patents

A kind of high yield cultivating method of annual Radix Angelicae Sinensis Download PDF

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CN103875393B
CN103875393B CN201410083847.0A CN201410083847A CN103875393B CN 103875393 B CN103875393 B CN 103875393B CN 201410083847 A CN201410083847 A CN 201410083847A CN 103875393 B CN103875393 B CN 103875393B
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seedling
radix angelicae
angelicae sinensis
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吴克飞
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XUANWEI HUIHONG AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses the high yield cultivating method of a kind of annual Radix Angelicae Sinensis, the method includes seedbed arrangement, seeding and seedling raising, seedling management, the row's of heeling in seedling, field-transplanting, field management and pick and process.Use the cultural method plantation Radix Angelicae Sinensis of the present invention, planting cost is low, investment risk is little, after transplanting, survival rate is high, the growing way of plant is strong, crop cycle is short, technological applicability is strong, be suitable to spread plantation, simultaneously compared with traditional implantation methods, in the case of quality and drug effect are not changed in, yield and quality all increase significantly, pest and disease damage incidence is low, drug residue is few, pollute little, for improving the manual scale planting of Radix Angelicae Sinensis, strengthen the product competitiveness of Radix Angelicae Sinensis, have laid a good foundation, there is good economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.

Description

A kind of high yield cultivating method of annual Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Technical field
The invention belongs to Chinese herbal medicine planting technology field, be specifically related to the high yield cultivating method of a kind of annual Radix Angelicae Sinensis.
Background technology
When being classified as samphire, another name: the Qin is returned, cloud is returned, western Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Min Radix Angelicae Sinensis.Radix Angelicae Sinensis is warm in nature, taste is sweet, pungent, there is replenishing and activating blood, menstruction regulating and pain relieving, moisturize ease constipation function, cure mainly irregular menstruation, through closing the diseases such as stomachache, headache due to deficiency of blood, dizziness, in herbal cuisine, health products, consumption is very big, Gu and sell in domestic and international market, in the most in recent years, people's life was substantially improved, and the demand of Radix Angelicae Sinensis is also continuously increased.nullYunnan is one of important locality of China's Radix Angelicae Sinensis,Plant with a long history,So Radix Angelicae Sinensis is pure with quality、Volatile oil content is high and is referred to as " cloud Radix Angelicae Sinensis ",It it is the natural pharmaceutical resources of great Yunnan characteristic,Under normal circumstances,The crop cycle of Radix Angelicae Sinensis is generally 2 years,The March of First Year directly cultivates,Gather in the crops fleshy root the last ten-days period in October as medicinal,Selection is reserved seed for planting the storage of female root,3~the transplant planting in April of next year,Maternal plant of reserving seed for planting 7~August then blossoms and bears fruit,November gathers,Use the Radix Angelicae Sinensis that above-mentioned traditional implantation methods is planted,Production cycle is long,Manpower、Material resources、The cost of investment of financial resources is high,And have nearly 15~25% the easy early bolting of plant cause the decline of yield and quality,But,Progressively expansion along with cultivated area,Pest and disease damage the most progressively increases the weight of,The lighter affects yield and the quality of Radix Angelicae Sinensis,Severe one has no harvest,Cause great economic loss,Wherein,The harm of root rot is the most serious,Particularly to the rainwater phase,Excessive rainfall,The morbidity of low-lying ponding root rot is the most serious,Also have,Part plantation family is in order to improve yield,Additional income、Pre-preventing disease and pest,During planting,Substantial amounts of spray insecticide,Have a strong impact on the drug safety of Radix Angelicae Sinensis medicinal material.Therefore, developing that a kind of crop cycle is short, low cost, yield is high, quality is good, high efficiency, investment risk are little, pest and disease damage is little, pollute little annual Radix Angelicae Sinensis high yield cultivating method is desirability.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve problem present in background technology, purpose of the present invention one crop cycle is short, low cost, and yield is high, quality is good, high efficiency, investment risk are little, pest and disease damage is little, pollute little annual Radix Angelicae Sinensis high yield cultivating method
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, the high yield cultivating method of a kind of annual Radix Angelicae Sinensis, comprises the following steps:
1. seedbed arranges: select soil layer fertile and well-drained sand plot deep, loose to manage moisture in the soil growth 8m, the seedbed of wide 1.2m after turning over plough, one layer 10~15cm soil matrix matter of making a fire is spread on top layer, seedbed, execute farm manure 1500~2000kg for every mu, NPK 50kg, with seedbed live soil mix thoroughly after flatten, whole carefully;
2. seeding and seedling raising: sowed before annual January 10, before sowing seed put into concentration be 0.4~0.5%, temperature be that the decis warm water solution of 30~35 DEG C is soaked 36~48 hours, dry after taking-up, admix the sterilized soil of 3~5 times of weight vernalization 4~5 days under the conditions of 25~28 DEG C again, then seed is sowed uniformly on moisture in the soil face, cover the pine needle of thick layer 1cm, water permeable after add a cover mulch film and arch film;
3. seedling management: before emerging, the temperature in mulch film controls at 22~25 DEG C, removes mulch film and progressively remove pine needle after emerging, and arch temperature in the shed controls at 25~26 DEG C, removes arch film, hardening 8~10 days after emerging 70~80 days;
4. the row's of heeling in seedling: first prepare Nutrition Soil, again nutrient bag is filled Nutrition Soil, Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling one seedling one pocket planting after the same day, band soil took out is entered in nutrient bag, water in time and determine root water, and add a cover arch film, heeling in after surviving, ventilation hardening removes arch film after 7 days, under field conditions (factors) hardening 15~transplant after 20 days;
5. field-transplanting: transplant beating the pool by the seeding row spacing of 30 × 30cm at the beginning of annual 5 months, the pool one seedling, during field planting, takes out band soil species seedling from nutrient bag, puts in the pool, and earthing waters permeable, then adds a cover black mulch film;
6. field management: after transplant survival, transplanted seedling weeds with a hoe 2~3 times for 1 year, and 6~July, every mu imposes urea 15~20kg and carries seed manure, to mid or late August, every mu execute potassium sulfate, ammonium phosphate each 10~20 kilograms as swollen fertilizer, remaining manages in the usual way;
7. pick and process: transplant mid-November then, during leaf jaundice, dig front 1 within 5~20 days, prescind cauline leaf withered on the ground, late November, take root, remove cauline leaf and earth, spread dry, ventilation, the local airing 2 of printing opacity~3 days, stirring every day 1~2 time, shine after evaporating to moisture, side root hand is made in order and is obtained Radix Angelicae Sinensis.
Use the cultural method plantation Radix Angelicae Sinensis of the present invention, planting cost is low, investment risk is little, after transplanting, survival rate is high, the growing way of plant is strong, crop cycle is short, technological applicability is strong, be suitable to spread plantation, simultaneously compared with traditional implantation methods, in the case of quality and drug effect are not changed in, yield and quality all increase significantly, pest and disease damage incidence is low, drug residue is few, pollute little, for improving the manual scale planting of Radix Angelicae Sinensis, strengthen the product competitiveness of Radix Angelicae Sinensis, have laid a good foundation, there is good economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but is any limitation as the present invention never in any form, and based on present invention teach that any conversion or replacement made, equal embodiment belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1 :Selecting height above sea level is 2000~2500 meters, and the gradient is the hillside fields plantation of 5~10 degree.
1. seedbed arranges: select soil layer fertile and well-drained sand plot deep, loose, plough is turned in the plot chosen in time, pick impurity, moisture in the soil growth 8m is managed after turning over plough, the seedbed of wide 1.2m, seedbed is carried out burning ground by 3~4 days before sowing, then make a fire soil matrix matter at top layer, seedbed one layer of 10cm of paving, use sufficient base fertilizer, every mu of ox executing to become thoroughly decomposed, the thin excrement of sheep 1500~2000kg, NPK 50kg, live after soil is mixed thoroughly with moisture in the soil face flatten, whole carefully, and within one day, spray the fenaminosulf disinfectant of 1.5kg/ mu and the decis aqueous solution that concentration is 2~5% prior to seeding;
2. seeding and seedling raising: in annual sowing on January 1, bask seeds before sowing 1~2 day, seed after shining put into concentration be 0.4~0.5%, temperature be that the decis warm water solution of 30~35 DEG C is soaked 36 hours, dry after taking-up, admix the sterilized soil of 3~5 times of weight again under the conditions of 25~28 DEG C, vernalization 4~seed is sowed uniformly on moisture in the soil face after 5 days, dig 0.1~0.2cm, somewhat it is compacted, again at the pine needle of moisture in the soil face upper cover last layer thickness 1cm, watering permeable, add a cover mulch film and arch film, arch film upper surface suitably adds a cover the thing that shelters from heat or light according to temperature conditions;
3. seedling management: before emerging, temperature in mulch film controls at 22 DEG C, remove mulch film after emerging and progressively remove pine needle, ventilate in time and water, watering a water week, keep Gong Monei lower floor temperature at 25~26 DEG C, emerge latter 50 days and water seedling once with clear liquid dung, then wash seedling once with clear water, in order to avoid fertilizer burn seedlings, arch film, hardening 8 days is removed after emerging 70 days;
4. the row's of heeling in seedling: by farm manure, Saporoshje, composite fertilizer's aqueous solution presses the proportions Nutrition Soil of 1:1:0.15, nutrient bag fills Nutrition Soil, nutrient bag is put growth 8m, the moisture in the soil face of wide 1.2m, Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling one seedling one pocket planting after the same day, band soil took out is entered in nutrient bag, water in time and determine root water, and add a cover arch film, arch film upper surface suitably adds a cover the thing that shelters from heat or light according to temperature conditions, heel in and survive, after main root penetrates nutrient bag, gradually decrease the thing that shelters from heat or light, moisture in the soil face surrounding opens ventilation, ventilation hardening removes arch film after 7 days, reduce irrigation times, hardening is transplanted for 15 days under field conditions (factors);
5. field-transplanting: beat the pool May 2 by the seeding row spacing of 30 × 30cm and transplant, plough deeply before transplanting and loosen the soil, shake out impurity, every mu spread fertilizer over the fields when turning over pears plot become thoroughly decomposed, farm manure 2000Kg loose, non-caking, after beating the pool, every mu applies fertilizer special for tobacco 50 as base manure, one pool one seedling, during field planting, takes out band soil species seedling from nutrient bag, put in the pool, earthing, waters permeable, then adds and cover black mulch film;
null6. field management: according to the timely draining of rainwater and soil moisture content with water after transplanting,Ditch ridging is proposed in time after transplant survival,Remove weeds,Every weeding in 30 days once,Except 2~3 times,6~July,Impose urea 15~20kg away from plant more than root 5cm every mu and carry seed manure,Timely earthing after executing,To mid or late August,Away from plant more than root 5cm every mu potassium sulfate、Ammonium phosphate each 10~20 kilograms as swollen fertilizer,Timely earthing after executing,Root rot、Powdery mildew early stage concentration be 3~5% methyl Tobe leaching or triadimefon solution fill lesion,Within every 15 days, spray 1 time,Even spray 2~3 times,During cauline leaf generation insect pest,It is 3~5% decis by concentration、Visit or DDVP solution fill lesion,During root generation insect pest,With 8~10% phoxim emulsion with soil make pesticide-clay mixture in the ratio of 1:10,Pesticide-clay mixture is mixed in base manure and uses;
7. pick and process: mid-November, during leaf jaundice, excavate first 15 days and prescind the most withered cauline leaf, late November, dig out the root that underground is complete, go out cauline leaf and earth, spread dry, ventilation, the local airing 2 of printing opacity~3 days, stir every day 1~2 time, shine after evaporating to moisture, side root hand is made in order, and excision residual petiole obtains Radix Angelicae Sinensis.
Use the Radix Angelicae Sinensis of above-described embodiment 1 cultural method plantation, compared with the Radix Angelicae Sinensis of traditional 2 terms plantation, transplanting survival rate reaches 98%, shorten about 200 days crop cycle, the root rot incidence of disease reduces by 20%, and early bolting rate reduces by 50%, and every per mu yield improves 8.4%, Radix Angelicae Sinensis quality after gathering is good, without small holes caused by worms, rot etc. defect
Embodiment 2 :The level land plantation selecting height above sea level to be 2000~2500 meters.
1. seedbed arranges: select soil layer fertile and well-drained sand plot deep, loose, plough is turned in the plot chosen in time, pick impurity, after turning over plough, manage moisture in the soil growth 8m, the seedbed of wide 1.2m, seedbed is carried out burning ground by 3~4 days before sowing, then spread one layer 10~15cm soil matrix matter of making a fire on top layer, seedbed, use sufficient base fertilizer, every mu of ox executing to become thoroughly decomposed, sheep thin excrement 1800kg, NPK 50kg, with moisture in the soil face live soil mix thoroughly after flatten, whole carefully;
2. seeding and seedling raising: in annual sowing on January 5, bask seeds before sowing 2 days, seed after shining put into concentration be 0.5%, temperature be that the decis warm water solution of 35 DEG C is soaked 40 hours, dry after taking-up, admix the sterilized soil of 4 times of weight again under the conditions of 25~28 DEG C, vernalization 4~seed is sowed uniformly on moisture in the soil face after 5 days, dig 0.1~0.2cm, somewhat it is compacted, again at the pine needle of moisture in the soil face upper cover last layer thickness 1cm, watering permeable, add a cover mulch film and arch film, arch film upper surface suitably adds a cover the thing that shelters from heat or light according to temperature conditions;
3. seedling management: before emerging, temperature in mulch film controls at 23 DEG C, removing mulch film after emerging and progressively remove pine needle, ventilate in time and water, a week waters once, keep Gong Monei lower floor temperature at 26 DEG C, emerge latter 50 days and water seedling once with clear liquid dung, then wash seedling once with clear water, in order to avoid fertilizer burn seedlings, arch film, hardening 9 days is removed after emerging 75 days;
4. the row's of heeling in seedling: by farm manure, Saporoshje, composite fertilizer's aqueous solution presses the proportions Nutrition Soil of 1:1:0.15, nutrient bag fills Nutrition Soil, nutrient bag is put growth 8m, the moisture in the soil face of wide 1.2m, Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling one seedling one pocket planting after the same day, band soil took out is entered in nutrient bag, water in time and determine root water, and add a cover arch film, arch film upper surface suitably adds a cover the thing that shelters from heat or light according to temperature conditions, heel in and survive, after main root penetrates nutrient bag, gradually decrease the thing that shelters from heat or light, moisture in the soil face surrounding opens ventilation, ventilation hardening removes arch film after 7 days, reduce irrigation times, hardening is transplanted for 18 days under field conditions (factors);
5. field-transplanting: beat the pool in annual May 10 by the seeding row spacing of 30 × 30cm and transplant, plough deeply before transplanting and loosen the soil, shake out impurity, every mu spread fertilizer over the fields when turning over pears plot become thoroughly decomposed, farm manure 2500Kg loose, non-caking, after beating the pool, every mu applies fertilizer special for tobacco 60Kg as base manure, one pool one seedling, during field planting, takes out band soil species seedling from nutrient bag, put in the pool, earthing, waters permeable, then adds and cover black mulch film;
null6. field management: according to the timely draining of rainwater and soil moisture content with water after transplanting,Ditch ridging is proposed in time after transplant survival,Remove weeds,Every weeding in 30 days once,Except 2~3 times,6~July,Impose urea 15~20kg away from plant more than root 5cm every mu and carry seed manure,Timely earthing after executing,To mid or late August,Away from plant more than root 5cm every mu potassium sulfate、Ammonium phosphate each 10~20 kilograms as swollen fertilizer,Timely earthing after executing,Root rot、Powdery mildew early stage concentration be 3~5% methyl Tobe leaching or triadimefon solution fill lesion,Within every 15 days, spray 1 time,Even spray 2~3 times,During cauline leaf generation insect pest,It is 3~5% decis by concentration、Visit or DDVP solution fill lesion,During root generation insect pest,With 8~10% phoxim emulsion with soil make pesticide-clay mixture in the ratio of 1:10,Pesticide-clay mixture is mixed in base manure and uses;
7. pick and process: mid-November, during leaf jaundice, excavate first 15~20 days and prescind the most withered cauline leaf, late November, dig out the root that underground is complete, go out cauline leaf and earth, spread dry, ventilation, the local airing 2 of printing opacity~3 days, stir every day 1~2 time, shine after evaporating to moisture, side root hand is made in order, and excision residual petiole obtains Radix Angelicae Sinensis.
Use the Radix Angelicae Sinensis of above-described embodiment 2 cultural method plantation, compared with the Radix Angelicae Sinensis of traditional 2 terms plantation, transplanting survival rate reaches 98.5%, shorten about 200 days crop cycle, the root rot incidence of disease reduces by 25%, and early bolting rate reduces by 60%, and every per mu yield improves 10%, Radix Angelicae Sinensis quality after gathering is good, without small holes caused by worms, rot etc. defect
Embodiment 3 :Selection height above sea level is: 2500~3000 meters of gradients are the hillside fields plantation of 5~10 degree.
1. seedbed arranges: select soil layer fertile and well-drained sand plot deep, loose, plough is turned in the plot chosen in time, pick impurity, after turning over plough, manage moisture in the soil growth 8m, the seedbed of wide 1.2m, seedbed is carried out burning ground by 3~4 days before sowing, then spread one layer 10~15cm soil matrix matter of making a fire on top layer, seedbed, use sufficient base fertilizer, every mu of ox executing to become thoroughly decomposed, the thin excrement of sheep 1500~2000kg, NPK 50kg, with moisture in the soil face live soil mix thoroughly after flatten, whole carefully;
2. seeding and seedling raising: in annual sowing on January 10, bask seeds before sowing 2 days, seed after shining put into concentration be 0.5%, temperature be that the decis warm water solution of 35 DEG C is soaked 48 hours, dry after taking-up, admix the sterilized soil of 3~5 times of weight again under the conditions of 25~28 DEG C, vernalization 4~seed is sowed uniformly on moisture in the soil face after 5 days, dig 0.1~0.2cm, somewhat it is compacted, again at the pine needle of moisture in the soil face upper cover last layer thickness 1cm, watering permeable, add a cover mulch film and arch film, arch film upper surface suitably adds a cover the thing that shelters from heat or light according to temperature conditions;
3. seedling management: before emerging, temperature in mulch film controls at 25 DEG C, removing mulch film after emerging and progressively remove pine needle, ventilate in time and water, a week waters once, keep Gong Monei lower floor temperature at 26 DEG C, emerge and water seedling once with clear liquid dung after 50, then wash seedling once with clear water, in order to avoid fertilizer burn seedlings, arch film, hardening 10 days is removed after emerging 80 days;
4. the row's of heeling in seedling: by farm manure, Saporoshje, composite fertilizer's aqueous solution presses the proportions Nutrition Soil of 1:1:0.15, nutrient bag fills Nutrition Soil, nutrient bag is put growth 8m, the moisture in the soil face of wide 1.2m, Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling one seedling one pocket planting after the same day, band soil took out is entered in nutrient bag, water in time and determine root water, and add a cover arch film, arch film upper surface suitably adds a cover the thing that shelters from heat or light according to temperature conditions, heel in and survive, after main root penetrates nutrient bag, gradually decrease the thing that shelters from heat or light, moisture in the soil face surrounding opens ventilation, ventilation hardening removes arch film after 7 days, reduce irrigation times, hardening is transplanted for 20 days under field conditions (factors);
5. field-transplanting: beat the pool in annual May 15 by the seeding row spacing of 30 × 30cm and transplant, plough deeply before transplanting and loosen the soil, shake out impurity, every mu spread fertilizer over the fields when turning over pears plot become thoroughly decomposed, farm manure 3000Kg loose, non-caking, after beating the pool, every mu applies fertilizer special for tobacco 70Kg as base manure, one pool one seedling, during field planting, takes out band soil species seedling from nutrient bag, put in the pool, earthing, waters permeable, then adds and cover black mulch film;
null6. field management: according to the timely draining of rainwater and soil moisture content with water after transplanting,Ditch ridging is proposed in time after transplant survival,Remove weeds,Every weeding in 30 days once,Except 2~3 times,6~July,Impose urea 15~20kg away from plant more than root 5cm every mu and carry seed manure,Timely earthing after executing,To mid or late August,Away from plant more than root 5cm every mu potassium sulfate、Ammonium phosphate each 10~20 kilograms as swollen fertilizer,Timely earthing after executing,Root rot、Powdery mildew early stage concentration be 3~5% methyl Tobe leaching or triadimefon solution fill lesion,Within every 15 days, spray 1 time,Even spray 2~3 times,During cauline leaf generation insect pest,It is 3~5% decis by concentration、Visit or DDVP solution fill lesion,During root generation insect pest,With 8~10% phoxim emulsion with soil make pesticide-clay mixture in the ratio of 1:10,Pesticide-clay mixture is mixed in base manure and uses;
7. pick and process: mid-November, during leaf jaundice, excavate first 15~20 days and prescind the most withered cauline leaf, late November, dig out the root that underground is complete, go out cauline leaf and earth, spread dry, ventilation, the local airing 2 of printing opacity~3 days, stir every day 1~2 time, shine after evaporating to moisture, side root hand is made in order, and excision residual petiole obtains Radix Angelicae Sinensis.
Use the Radix Angelicae Sinensis of above-described embodiment 3 cultural method plantation, compared with the Radix Angelicae Sinensis of traditional 2 terms plantation, transplanting survival rate reaches 97.5%, shorten about 200 days crop cycle, the root rot incidence of disease reduces by 25%, and early bolting rate reduces by 45%, and every per mu yield improves 7.8%, Radix Angelicae Sinensis quality after gathering is good, without small holes caused by worms, rot etc. defect.

Claims (1)

1. the high yield cultivating method of an annual Radix Angelicae Sinensis, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1. seedbed arranges: select soil layer fertile and well-drained sand plot deep, loose to manage moisture in the soil growth 8m, the seedbed of wide 1.2m after turning over plough, one layer 10~15cm soil matrix matter of making a fire is spread on top layer, seedbed, execute farm manure 1500~2000kg for every mu, NPK 50kg, with seedbed live soil mix thoroughly after flatten, whole carefully;
2. seeding and seedling raising: sowed before annual January 10, before sowing seed put into concentration be 0.4~0.5%, temperature be that the decis warm water solution of 30~35 DEG C is soaked 36~48 hours, dry after taking-up, admix the sterilized soil of 3~5 times of weight vernalization 4~5 days under the conditions of 25~28 DEG C again, then seed is sowed uniformly on moisture in the soil face, cover the pine needle of thick layer 1cm, water permeable after add a cover mulch film and arch film;
3. seedling management: before emerging, the temperature in mulch film controls at 22~25 DEG C, removes mulch film and progressively remove pine needle after emerging, and arch temperature in the shed controls at 25~26 DEG C, removes arch film, hardening 8~10 days after emerging 70~80 days;
4. the row's of heeling in seedling: first prepare Nutrition Soil, again nutrient bag is filled Nutrition Soil, Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling one seedling one pocket planting after the same day, band soil took out is entered in nutrient bag, water in time and determine root water, and add a cover arch film, heeling in after surviving, ventilation hardening removes arch film after 7 days, under field conditions (factors) hardening 15~transplant after 20 days;
5. field-transplanting: transplant beating the pool by the seeding row spacing of 30 × 30cm at the beginning of annual 5 months, the pool one seedling, during field planting, takes out band soil species seedling from nutrient bag, puts in the pool, and earthing waters permeable, then adds a cover black mulch film;
6. field management: after transplant survival, transplanted seedling weeds with a hoe 2~3 times for 1 year, and 6~July, every mu imposes urea 15~20kg and carries seed manure, to mid or late August, every mu execute potassium sulfate, ammonium phosphate each 10~20 kilograms as swollen fertilizer, remaining manages in the usual way;
7. pick and process: transplant mid-November then, during leaf jaundice, before digging 5~20 days prescind the most withered cauline leaf, late November, take root, remove cauline leaf and earth, spread dry, ventilation, the local airing 2 of printing opacity~3 days, stirring every day 1~2 time, shine after evaporating to moisture, side root hand is made in order and is obtained Radix Angelicae Sinensis.
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