CN103859377A - 一种有助于降低辐射伤害的养生保健食品配方及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种有助于降低辐射伤害的养生保健食品配方及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种有助于降低辐射伤害的养生保健食品配方及其制备方法。它包括下列重量份数比的原料：枸杞子600-1400份、黄精600-1500份、茯苓600-1500份、山药1000-2000份、桑葚800-1300份、银耳100-1200份、香菇100-1200份。本发明制备工艺采用传统水煎提取方法，提取物直接分装入袋，工艺简单、服用方便。本发明用于降低日常生活工作中的辐射伤害。
Description
技术领域
本发明公开了一种有助于降低辐射伤害的养生保健食品配方及其制备方法。
背景技术
自然界到处都有辐射源，辐射伴随着人类整个进化过程。只不过天然辐射的照射量小，不会影响人类的健康。来自人工放射性污染的辐射照射量大，极易对人类健康造成严重损伤。人工放射性污染主要是化学有害物质和核事故产生的核辐射，它能使机体白细胞数量迅速降低，抑制骨髓造血功能，降低机体免疫力。若长期超剂量慢性照射可导致人体造血障碍，生育能力受损，胎儿畸形率升高；远期患癌率增加等。经常食用一些具有抗辐射功能的药食同源食品，能帮助受辐射的人们降低辐照伤害，提高身体素质，保证生活质量。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种有助于降低血糖的养生保健食品配方及其制备方法。
本发明是由下述重量份数的原料制成的：枸杞子600-1400份、黄精600-1500份、茯苓600-1500份、山药1000-2000份、桑葚800-1300份、银耳100-1200份、香菇100-1200份。
以上各成分的最佳重量配比是：枸杞子1000份、黄精1000份、茯苓1000份、山药1500份、桑葚1000份、银耳600份、香菇600份。
一、本发明制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将配方中各原料置于煮提锅中，浸润30分钟，然后加入10倍量的去离子水，室温浸泡2小时后加热至沸腾，煮沸提取2小时，倾出水提液，过滤。
(2)再次加入原料10倍量的去离子水，煮沸提取2小时，倾出水提液，过滤。
(3)合并步骤(1)、(2)所得滤液，冷却至室温，离心30分钟，弃去沉淀，收集上清液。
(4)将步骤(3)所得的滤液浓缩至药液比为1∶2(60℃)，添加天然吸附澄清剂(北京正天成澄清技术有限公司)，离心30分钟，弃去沉淀，收集上清液；
(5)将步骤(4)所得的上清液浓缩至相对密度≥1.27g·ml-1(60℃)，干燥，粉碎，分装成10克的小包装。
本发明的配方组成合理，制作工艺科学，携带及食用方便。长期食用本品能有效降低日常生活中各种辐射的伤害。
二、用药分析
枸杞子为茄科植物宁夏枸杞Lycium barbarum L.的干燥成熟果实。
【性味与归经】甘、平。归肝、肾经。
【功效】滋补肝肾，益精明目。
【应用】治疗精血不足所致的视力减退、内障目昏、头晕目眩、腰膝酸软、遗精滑泄、耳聋、牙齿松动、须发早白、失眠多梦以及肝肾阴虚，潮热盗汗、消渴等证。
《神农本草经》称枸杞子“久服坚筋骨，轻身不老，耐寒暑”。
《本草汇言》赞之“使气可充，血可补，阳可生，阴可长”。
《本草纲目》记载：“枸杞，补肾生精，养肝，明目，坚筋骨，去疲劳，易颜色，变白，明目安神，令人长寿。”
现代医学研究证实：枸杞子含有甜菜硷、多糖、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、胡萝卜素、维生素A、维生素C、维生素B1、维生素B2及钙、磷、铁、锌、锰、亚油酸等营养成分。枸杞子对免疫有促进作用，同时具有免疫调节作用；可提高血睾酮水平，起强壮作用；对造血功能有促进作用；对正常健康人也有显著升白细胞作用；还有抗氧化、抗衰老、抗疲劳、抗突变、抗肿瘤、降血脂、保肝及抗脂肪肝、降血糖、降血压、补肾、明目、养颜、健脑、排毒、保护生殖***、抗辐射损伤等功能。
黄精为百合科植物滇黄精(Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl.)、黄精(Polygonatumsibiricum Red.)或多花黄精(Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua.)的干燥根茎。
【性味与归经】甘、平。归脾、肺、肾经。
【功效】补气养阴，健脾，润肺，益肾。
【应用】治疗肺金气阴两伤之干咳少痰、肺肾阴虚之劳嗽久咳、脾胃虚弱、体倦乏力、食欲不振、口干食少，能延缓衰老，改善头晕、腰膝酸软、须发早白、精血不足，内热消渴等症。
《本草纲目》：“补诸虚、止寒热、填精髓。”
《日华子本草》：“补五劳七伤，助筋骨，生肌，耐寒暑，益脾胃，润心肺”。
现代医学研究证实：黄精根茎含烟酸、粘液质、醌类，并含黄精多糖甲、乙、丙，黄精低聚糖甲、乙、丙，多糖甲、乙、丙均由葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖醛酸结合而成；低聚糖甲、乙、丙均由葡萄糖和果糖结合而成，另含赖氨酸等11种氨基酸。能提高机体免疫功能和促进DNA、RNA及蛋白质的合成，促进淋巴细胞转化作用；具有显著的抗结核杆菌作用；对多种致病性真菌有抑制作用；对伤寒杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌也有抑制作用；有增加冠脉流量及降压作用，并能降血脂及减轻冠状动脉粥样硬化程度；对肾上腺素引起的血糖过高呈显著抑制作用；还有抑制肾上腺皮质的作用和延缓衰老作用；黄精多糖具有免疫激活作用。
茯苓为多孔菌科真菌茯苓Poria cocos(Schw.)Wolf的干燥菌核。
【性味与归经】甘、淡，平。归心、肺、脾、肾经。
【功效】利水渗湿，健脾宁心。
【应用】用于水肿尿少，痰饮眩悸，脾虚食少，便溏泄泻，心神不安，惊悸失眠。
《日华子本草》：“补五劳七伤，安胎，暖腰膝，开心益智，止健忘。”
《用药心法》：“茯苓，淡能利窍，甘以助阳，除湿之圣药也。味甘平补阳，益脾逐水，生津导气。”
现代医学研究证实：茯苓能增强机体免疫功能，茯苓多糖具有抗胸腺萎缩及抗脾脏增大和抑制肿瘤生长的功能，茯苓多糖灌胃能增强小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能，增加ANAE阳性淋巴细胞数，还能使小鼠脾脏抗体分泌细胞数明显增多。茯苓多糖亦能使环磷酰胺所引起的大白鼠白细胞减少加速回升。羧甲基茯苓多糖还有免疫调节、保肝降酶、间接抗病毒、诱生和促诱生干扰素、减轻放射副反应，诱生和促诱生白细胞调节素等多种生理活性。
山药为薯蓣科植物薯蓣Dioscorea opposite Thumb.的干燥根茎。
【性味与归经】甘，平。归肺、脾、肾经。
【功效】补脾养胃，生津益肺，补肾涩精。
【应用】山药味甘性平，作用缓和，不寒不热，既能补气，又能养阴，补而不滞，滋而不腻。乃平补肺脾肾之佳品。多用于消瘦乏力、食少、便溏者，如《本草纲目》云：“益肾气，健脾胃。”因其含有较多的营养成分，又容易消化吸收，可作为食品长期使用。《神农本草经》云其“补中，益气力，长肌肉”，故对于慢性病或病后虚弱，需营养调补而脾运不健者，则是佳品，如薏米山药粥。
现代医学研究证实：山药的主要成分为淀粉酶，能刺激胃肠道运动，促进肠内物排空，增加小肠吸收功能，有助于消化，降压，降糖，防治心血管疾病。山药的提纯淀粉能降低类脂浓度，同时降低主动脉和心脏的糖的浓度及胆固醇的浓度。山药富含多糖，可刺激和调节免疫***，能增加血液白细胞含量，加强白细胞的吞噬作用，因此山药可作为人们增加免疫能力的保健药。山药中含有蛋白质(包括人体所需要的16种氨基酸)、糖类、维生素类等有效成分，具有较好的延缓衰老的作用，显著延长生命，经常食用山药，有益健康。
桑椹为桑科植物桑Morus alba L.的干燥果穗。
【性味与归经】甘、酸，寒。归肝、肾经。
【功效】滋阴补血，生津润燥。
【应用】适用于眩晕耳鸣、心悸失眠、须发早白、津伤口渴、内热消渴、血虚便秘、目暗，耳鸣、瘰疬、关节不利。
《滇南本草》：“益肾脏而固精，久服黑发明目。”
《随息隐居食谱》：“滋肝肾，充血液，祛风湿，健步履，息虚风，清虚火。”
《本草拾遗》：“利五脏关节，通血气。久服不饥，安魂镇神，令人聪明，变白不老。”
现代医学研究证实：桑椹含糖、鞣酸、苹果酸及维生素B1、B2，C和胡萝卜素。桑椹油的脂肪酸主要由亚油酸和硬脂酸、油酸等组成。有改善皮肤(包括头皮)血液供应，营养肌肤，使皮肤白嫩及乌发等作用，并能延缓衰老，是健体美颜、抗衰老的佳果与良药。常食桑椹可以明目，缓解眼睛疲劳干涩的症状。桑葚具有免疫促进作用，对脾脏有增重作用，对溶血性反应有增强作用，可防止人体动脉硬化、骨骼关节硬化，促进新陈代谢。它可以促进血红细胞的生长，防止白细胞减少，并对治疗糖尿病、贫血、高血压、高血脂、冠心病、神经衰弱等病症具有辅助功效。适量食用能促进胃液分泌，刺激肠蠕动及解除燥热。
银耳为真菌类银耳科银耳Tremella，又称白木耳、雪耳、银耳子等，有“菌中之冠”的美称。
【性味与归经】味甘、淡、平；归肺、胃、肾经。
【功效】滋补生津；润肺养胃。
【应用】用于虚劳咳嗽；痰中带血；津少口渴；病后体虚；气短乏力。
现代医学研究证实：银耳富含维生素D，能防止钙的流失，对生长发育十分有益；因富含硒等微量元素，它可以增强机体抗肿瘤的免疫力。银耳富有天然植物性胶质，加上它的滋阴作用，长期服用可以润肤，并有祛除脸部黄褐斑、雀斑的功效。银耳中的有效成分酸性多糖类物质，能增强人体的免疫力，调动淋巴细胞，加强白细胞的吞噬能力，兴奋骨髓造血功能；银耳多糖具有抗肿瘤作用，能增强肿瘤患者对放疗、化疗的耐受力。银耳中的膳食纤维可助胃肠蠕动，减少脂肪吸收，从而达到减肥的效果。
香菇来源于担子菌纲、伞菌目、口蘑科、香菇属(Lentinus edodes(Berk.)sing)，是世界第二大食用菌，也是我国特产之一，在民间素有“山珍”之称。它是一种生长在木材上的真菌。味道鲜美，香气沁人，营养丰富，素有“植物皇后”美誉。
【营养成分】
香菇提取物中最主要的成分是香菇多糖，其中含有的10余种氨基酸，其中有异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸等7种人体必需的氨基酸及维生素B1、B2及矿物盐和粗纤维等。
【应用】
香菇多糖对正常机体并无免疫促进作用，但能使荷瘤式或感染后机体的免疫应答得以提高。其制剂在动物体内筛选实验中未见直接的抗癌效果，却明显促进体外淋巴细胞培养物的转化作用，从而对自身肿瘤和移植性肿瘤细胞的抑制产生疗效。香菇多糖除具有抗肿瘤作用外，还具有降血脂、保肝护肝等作用。
三、功能学评价
【试验动物】
1、昆明种小鼠，雌雄各半，体质量(20±2)g，SPF级。
2、动物分组及剂量的设计
小鼠适应饲养2天，按体质量随机分成5组，每组10只。分别为正常对照组、模型对照组组、发明产品低、中、高剂量组(分别为人群推荐量的5、10、20倍，即2.5g/kg、5.0g/kg、10.0g/kg)。正常对照组和模型对照组给予同等体积的蒸馏水。每天清晨灌胃给药，剂量为0.2mL/10g。
【试验方法】
1、造模
每日灌胃给药1次，连续给药7天后，正常对照组除外，其余各组均以60Co γ射线进行一次性全身照射，照射距离80cm，照射总剂量为5.0Gy，照射后各组小鼠继续每天1次灌胃，共10天。
2、指标测定
2.1小鼠体质量的测定
分别于购回后、照射前1天、照射后第3天、照射后第10天称量小鼠体质量。
2.2小鼠白细胞、血小板计数
各组动物分别于照射前1天、照射后第3天、照射后第10天3次眼眶后静脉丛采血20μL，稀释后用血球计数分析仪进行白细胞和血小板计数。
2.3小鼠脾脏指数(SI)和胸腺指数(TI)的测定
各组动物分别于照射后第10天称体质量，分离脾脏和胸腺，称取质量，计算脾脏指数和胸腺指数。
【试验结果】
1、发明产品对辐照小鼠体质量的影响
从照射前体质量可以看出，发明产品各剂量对正常小鼠体质量无影响；照射后各给药组和模型组小鼠体质量显著下降，与模型组比较，照射后第10天，发明产品中、高剂量能显著改善小鼠体质量减轻(P＜0.01)，发明产品低剂量组与模型组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05)，结果见表1。
表1发明产品对辐照小鼠体质量的影响
n＝10
注：与模型对照组比较，*P＜0.05，**P＜0.01。
2、发明产品对辐照小鼠WBC和PLT的影响
照射后第3天各照射组小鼠白细胞急剧下降，照射后第10天与模型组比较，发明产品中、高剂量能显著促进小鼠白细胞回升(P＜0.01)；照射后，小鼠血小板数逐渐下降，发明产品能明显改善小鼠血小板降低的现象，发明产品中、高剂量组与模型组比较有显著性差异和极显著性差异(P＜0.05，P＜0.01)。见表2。
表2发明产品对对辐照小鼠WBC和PLT的影响
n＝10
3、发明产品对辐照小鼠胸腺、脾脏指数的影响
模型对照组的SI及TI均明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.05，P＜0.01)；3个剂量组的TI均明显高于模型组(P＜0.05)，与正常对照组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；3个剂量组的SI逐渐上升，中剂量组和高剂量组明显高于模型组(P＜0.05)。见表3。
表3发明产品对辐照小鼠胸腺指数(TI)和脾脏指数(SI)的影响
n＝10
注：与正常对照组比较，#P＜0.05，##P＜0.01；与模型对照组比较，*P＜0.05。
【试验结论】
本发明产品能显著改善受照后小鼠体质量减轻、血小板减少、胸腺、脾脏萎缩、促进白细胞回升，具有良好的抗辐射作用。
具体实施方式
实施例1提取物及产品的制备
按最佳重量配比称取枸杞子1000份、黄精1000份、茯苓1000份、山药1500份、桑葚1000份、银耳600份、香菇600份。加10倍量去离子水煮提2次，每次2小时，煮提液过滤、离心(3000转/分)30分钟，取上清液，浓缩至药液比1∶2(60℃)，后加入天然吸附澄清剂(4％澄清剂A，8％澄清剂B)，然后离心(3000转/分)30分钟，取上清液继续浓缩至相对密度≥1.27g·ml-1(60℃)后，带式干燥，粉碎成细粉，分装成10克左右的小包装。
Claims (4)
1.一种有助于降低辐射伤害的养生保健食品配方，其特征在于所用的原料及其重量份数：枸杞子600-1400份、黄精600-1500份、茯苓600-1500份、山药1000-2000份、桑葚800-1300份、银耳100-1200份、香菇100-1200份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种有助于降低辐射伤害的养生保健食品配方，其特征在于所用的原料及其最佳重量配比：枸杞子1000份、黄精1000份、茯苓1000份、山药1500份、桑葚1000份、银耳600份、香菇600份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种有助于降低辐射伤害的养生保健食品配方及其制备方法，其特征在于制备过程按以下步骤进行：
(1)将配方中各原料置于煮提锅中，浸润30分钟，然后加入10倍量的去离子水，室温浸泡2小时；然后加热至沸腾，煮沸提取2小时，倾出水提液，过滤；
(2)再次加入原料10倍量的去离子水，煮沸提取2小时，倾出水提液，过滤；
(3)合并步骤(1)、(2)所得滤液，冷却，离心，弃去沉淀，收集上清液；
(4)将步骤(3)所得的滤液浓缩，添加天然吸附澄清剂，弃去沉淀，收集上清液；
(5)将步骤(4)所得的上清液浓缩，干燥，粉碎，分装成10克的小包装。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种有助于降低辐射伤害的养生保健食品配方，其特征在于：本发明的配方组成合理，制作工艺科学，携带及食用方便。长期食用本品能有效降低日常生活中各种电离辐射的伤害。
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