CN103821789B - 一种全封闭多速缓冲被动液压缸 - Google Patents

一种全封闭多速缓冲被动液压缸 Download PDF

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CN103821789B
CN103821789B CN201310587613.5A CN201310587613A CN103821789B CN 103821789 B CN103821789 B CN 103821789B CN 201310587613 A CN201310587613 A CN 201310587613A CN 103821789 B CN103821789 B CN 103821789B
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piston
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CN103821789A (zh
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周明泉
张晔
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/48—Arrangements for providing different damping effects at different parts of the stroke
    • F16F9/483—Arrangements for providing different damping effects at different parts of the stroke characterised by giving a particular shape to the cylinder, e.g. conical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/10—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using liquid only; using a fluid of which the nature is immaterial
    • F16F9/14—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/10—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using liquid only; using a fluid of which the nature is immaterial
    • F16F9/14—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect
    • F16F9/16—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts
    • F16F9/18—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein
    • F16F9/20—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein with the piston-rod extending through both ends of the cylinder, e.g. constant-volume dampers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/44—Means on or in the damper for manual or non-automatic adjustment; such means combined with temperature correction
    • F16F9/46—Means on or in the damper for manual or non-automatic adjustment; such means combined with temperature correction allowing control from a distance, i.e. location of means for control input being remote from site of valves, e.g. on damper external wall
    • F16F9/466—Throttling control, i.e. regulation of flow passage geometry

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及液压缸领域，本发明公开的一种全封闭多速缓冲被动液压缸，包括缸体、端盖、活塞轴和活塞，所述端盖与缸体开口端密闭连接，缸体内充有液压油，所述活塞轴同轴串接缸体的两端面，所述活塞套接于活塞轴上，所述缸体内腔包括多段不同内径的行程段，所述活塞在缸体内运动与各行程段呈间隙配合状态；所述活塞轴一端为中空轴，中空轴上设有至少两只通孔使中空轴内腔和缸体内腔呈联通状态，所述至少两只通孔分别设置于活塞的左右两侧；所述中空轴内腔连接有调节螺杆，调节螺杆的头部伸入中空轴内腔与活塞右侧的通孔孔口呈部分堵塞状态。

Description

一种全封闭多速缓冲被动液压缸
技术领域
本发明涉及液压缸领域，具体涉及一种全封闭多速缓冲被动液压缸。
背景技术
油压缓冲器广泛应用于汽车、电梯、起重机及高扬程水泵的启闭自动控制***等领域，现有技术中的油压缓冲器原理是当轴心受外力冲击并带动活塞挤压内管的液压油，液压油受压后由内管的排油孔排出，同时由内管排出的液压油也由内管的回油孔回流到内管；当外力消失时，弹簧将活塞弹回始点等待下次的动作。这种缓冲器的缺点是：（1）在整个缓冲和复位行程范围内，活塞一直保持较低的速度，且缓冲的速度不可调；（2）缓冲速度单一，且缓冲速度不可调，缓冲瞬间的对液压缸的冲击力大，易对气缸造成损伤。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种多速缓冲、缓冲速度可调、结构简单的被动液压缸。
本发明采取的技术方案为：
一种全封闭多速缓冲被动液压缸，包括缸体、端盖、活塞轴和活塞，所述端盖与缸体开口端密闭连接，缸体内充有液压油，所述活塞轴同轴串接缸体的两端面，所述活塞套接于活塞轴上，其特征在于，所述缸体内腔包括多段不同内径的行程段，所述活塞在缸体内运动与各行程段呈间隙配合状态。
进一步地，所述相邻行程段间经锥面过渡段连接。
进一步地，所述活塞轴一端为中空轴，中空轴上设有至少两只通孔使中空轴内腔和缸体内腔呈联通状态，所述至少两只通孔分别设置于活塞的左右两侧。
进一步地，所述中空轴内腔连接有调节螺杆，调节螺杆的头部伸入中空轴内腔与活塞右侧的通孔孔口呈部分堵塞状态。
进一步地，所述活塞轴与缸体及端盖的连接处设有密封圈。
再进一步地，所述活塞外圈设有活塞密封圈。
采取以上技术方案后，本发明的有益效果为：
（1）液压缸设有多级不同内径的行程段，活塞与各行程段间分别间隙配合，间隙大小与各行程段的内径相关，间隙越大，活塞两侧的液压油联通速度越快，活塞受阻越小，被动移动速度越快；反之，间隙越小，活塞受阻越大，活塞被动移动速度越慢，以此实现多速度段缓冲，使缓冲更加平滑，减小活塞轴在缓冲过程中所受的冲击。
（2）不同内径的相邻行程段间设置锥面过渡段，防止速度突变而引发的冲击或爆缸，既延长了液压缸的实用寿命，又避免噪音的产生。
（3）活塞轴采取一端中空设计，活塞的两侧设有联通活塞轴内腔和液压缸缸体内腔的通孔，形成低速排油通道，活塞轴内连接调节螺杆，通过调节螺杆的头部堵塞右侧的通孔，减小右侧通孔的有效排油截面来整低速排油速度，从而调整活塞的移动速度。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图中：端盖1，缸体2，活塞轴3，活塞4，左通孔5，右通孔6，调节螺杆7，密封圈8，慢速段9，过渡段10，快速段11。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步详述：
如图所示一种全封闭多速缓冲被动液压缸包括端盖1，缸体2，活塞轴3，活塞4，左通孔5，右通孔6，调节螺杆7，密封圈8，低速段9，过渡段10，快速段11。所述端盖1与缸体2左端面密闭连接，缸体2内充满液压油，所述活塞轴3同轴串接于缸体2和端盖1，活塞轴3与缸体2及端盖1间设有密封圈8，所述活塞4固定于活塞轴3上，活塞4经密封圈与缸体内壁连接，所述缸体内腔分为内径不同的慢速段9和快速段11，所述慢速段9和快速段11间经锥面过渡段10平滑连接，活塞4与慢速段9的内壁小间隙配合，活塞4与过渡段10和快速段11大间隙配合；所述活塞轴3一端为中空轴，中空轴的外表面设有联通缸体2内腔和活塞轴3内腔的一个以上的左通孔5和一个以上的右通孔6，所述左通孔5和右通孔6分别设置于活塞4的左右两侧；活塞轴3内腔设有内螺纹，所述调节螺杆7外螺纹与活塞轴3的内螺纹配合连接，调节螺杆7的左端旋入活塞轴3内腔至右通孔6处，所述调节螺杆7伸入活塞轴3内的长度可调，通过旋转调节螺杆7调整其伸入活塞轴内的长度，调节螺杆头部堵塞右通孔6的孔口的程度，达到调节油路的大小，从而调节缓冲速度。
当活塞4位于快速段11，活塞轴3受向左的力时，活塞轴3拉动活塞4左移，活塞4与快速段11的内壁间有较大间隙，活塞4左侧的液压油经间隙及左通孔5向活塞右侧快速排油，活塞4快速向左移动；当活塞4运动到过渡段10，活塞4与过渡段10内壁间间隙逐渐减小，活塞4左侧的液压油经间隙及左通孔5向活塞右侧减速排油，活塞上的阻力逐渐增大，活塞4移动速度减低；活塞4运动到低速段9时，活塞4与低速段9内壁间小间隙配合，活塞4左侧的液压油基本经左通孔5向活塞右侧缓慢流动，活塞4受阻力加大而缓慢左移直至运动至缸体2的最左端。整个运动过程中，活塞轴3在液压缸的控制下先快速移动，再减速移动，最后缓慢移动，完成缓冲。
当活塞4位于慢速段9，活塞轴3受向右的力时，活塞轴3带动活塞4向右侧移动，活塞4右侧的液压油依次经右通孔6、活塞轴内腔、左通孔5向活塞左侧缓慢排油，活塞4在低速段9缓慢右移；活塞4运动至过渡段10，活塞4与过渡段10内壁间间隙逐渐增大，活塞4右侧的液压油经间隙及左通孔6向活塞左侧加速流动，活塞4受液压阻力逐渐减小，活塞运动速度加快；活塞4运动至快速段11时，活塞4右侧的液压油顺畅地由活塞与快速段11间的间隙快速向左流动，活塞4快速向右移。整个过程中，活塞先缓慢移动，完成缓冲后再加速移动复位至最右侧。

Claims (4)

1.一种全封闭多速缓冲被动液压缸，包括缸体、端盖、活塞轴和活塞，所述端盖与缸体开口端密闭连接，缸体内充有液压油，所述活塞轴同轴串接缸体的两端面，所述活塞套接于活塞轴上，其特征在于，所述缸体内腔包括多段不同内径的行程段，所述活塞在缸体内运动与各行程段呈间隙配合状态；所述活塞轴一端为中空轴，中空轴上设有至少两只通孔使中空轴内腔和缸体内腔呈联通状态，所述至少两只通孔分别设置于活塞的左右两侧；所述中空轴内腔连接有调节螺杆，调节螺杆的头部伸入中空轴内腔与活塞右侧的通孔孔口呈部分堵塞状态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种全封闭多速缓冲被动液压缸，其特征在于，所述多段不同内径的行程段的相邻行程段间经锥面过渡段连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种全封闭多速缓冲被动液压缸，其特征在于，所述活塞轴与缸体及端盖的连接处设有密封圈。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种全封闭多速缓冲被动液压缸，其特征在于，所述活塞外圈设有活塞密封圈。
CN201310587613.5A 2013-11-21 2013-11-21 一种全封闭多速缓冲被动液压缸 Expired - Fee Related CN103821789B (zh)

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CN113586641B (zh) * 2020-04-30 2022-10-18 比亚迪股份有限公司 减振器及车辆
CN114738350B (zh) * 2022-06-10 2022-08-09 迪非液压科技江苏有限公司 一种自适应缓冲的高压大流量液压设备
CN116181875B (zh) * 2023-03-10 2024-07-12 烟台南工大环球智能装备有限公司 一种液压转台的转位减速机构

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