CN103477837A - Erigeron breviscapus cultivating method for increasing content of breviscapinum - Google Patents
Erigeron breviscapus cultivating method for increasing content of breviscapinum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an erigeron breviscapus cultivating method for increasing the content of breviscapinum, and belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine planting technologies. The erigeron breviscapus cultivating method is characterized in that endophyte strains which are separated from wild erigeron breviscapus plants are selected and are subjected to artificial liquid-state fermentation to obtain endophyte liquid. The erigeron breviscapus cultivating method includes 1, soaking seeds in the endophyte liquid by 10-18 hours before the seeds are sown, draining the seeds, drying water on the surfaces of the seeds and then sowing the seeds; 2, moistening roots of seedlings with the endophyte liquid while transplanting the seedlings. Other cultivating management measures are conventional and can be adjusted according to local conditions. The micro-ecology of the host plants can be adjusted by the aid of endophyte in the plants, so that the breviscapinum synthesis ability of the erigeron breviscapus plants can be improved, growth of the erigeron breviscapus plants can be promoted, and the stress tolerance of the erigeron breviscapus plants can be improved. Besides, the content of the breviscapinum, which is a medicinal component, of the erigeron breviscapus cultivated by the erigeron breviscapus cultivating method can be increased by about 30%, the yield per unit of the erigeron breviscapus can be increased by about 20%, and the stress tolerance of the erigeron breviscapus can be improved. The erigeron breviscapus cultivating method has the advantages of simplicity in operation, good quality, high yield and economical benefit, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fleabane flower cultivation method that improves Breviscapinun content, belong to traditional Chinese medicine planting technology field.
Background technology
Fleabane flower be the feverfew Erigeron breviscapus (
erigeron breviscapus(Vant.) herb Hand-Mazz), have another name called erigeron breviscapus, oil lamp chrysanthemum etc., and main product, in Yunnan, is a kind of peculiar medicinal plants that the eighties, Yunnan was excavated.Fleabane flower has the removing toxic substances of being slightly cold, dispels rheumatism, the effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, clearing and activating the channels and collaterals, anti-inflammatory analgetic.Fleabane injection is clinically except being mainly used in diseases of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems at present; curative effect is preferably also arranged in the treatment of diabetes, ephrosis, cervical vertigo, geriatric disease; one of required medicines for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease have been become; be decided to be the indispensable Chinese patent drug of national institute of traditional Chinese medicine emergency treatment; classify national Chinese medicine protection kind as, have broad application prospects in pharmaceutical industry.Studies have shown that, the main active of fleabane flower is Breviscapinun (breviscapine, Bre), is Flavonoid substances, is mainly scutellarin (Scutellarin) and oil lamp first element (Apigenin).
Though fleabane flower has now been realized extensive artificial planting, all there is planting base on the ground such as the Red River of the southern regions of the Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province and the western regions of the Yunnan Province, mountain of papers, Yuxi, Chuxiong, Qujing, Dali, Lijing.The active constituent content of general wild fleabane flower is 0.40-0.50%, the tame 0.80-2.90% that reached, and the active constituent content of the fleabane flower of Red River plantation is higher, than other areas, exceeds 37% to 50%.But seed is few, price is high, the culture technique difficulty is large, the injured susceptible lethality of plant is high, the plant biological yield is low, and active constituent content is low, lacks improved seeds and comparatively ripe culture technique, seriously restricted the development of fleabane flower, the output of fleabane flower and Breviscapinun can not be met the need of market far away.At present, satisfying the market to the approach of scutellarin demand except enlarging the fleabane flower cultivated area, how to improve the content of oil lamp element in the fleabane flower of artificial planting, be one and expect very much the crucial matter of science and technology solved.
Endophyte refers to that a class survives in the health plant organization internal in its part or all of history of life, and does not make host plant show the microorganism of obvious infection symptoms.Endophyte is the natural part of plant microecosystem.Forefathers' research shows, coevolution due to endophyte of plant and host plant, endophyte can produce the material identical with host plant, also can promote the generation of host plant active component or accumulation, promotion host plant to grow, improve that the host coerces biology or the modes such as resistance of abiotic stress, promote the formation of high-quality genunie medicinal materials, its principle is to utilize endophyte as carrier, and ectogenic gene is imported to host plant.Our early-stage Study is found: the endophyte of fleabane flower with Fusarium (
fusarium sp.) (fungi), Alternaria (
alternaria sp.) (fungi) and streptomyces (
streptom yces) (actinomycetes), bacillus (
bacillus) (bacterium) be dominant population, they have synthetic and promote the ability of the synthetic Breviscapinun of fleabane flower.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to:, the problems such as active constituent content low, plant injured susceptible lethality height low for the plant biological yield existed in current fleabane flower manual scale planting provide a kind of fleabane flower cultivation method of simple to operate, output is high, Breviscapinun content is high, good in economic efficiency good quality and high output.
The endophyte bacterial strain of selection from being separated in wild fleabane flower plant, artificial liquid state fermentation obtains the endophyte bacterium liquid mixed; Use prior to seeding endophyte bacterium immersion kind 10-18 hour, pull out and dry the surface of the seed moisture, after sow again; When transplanting, be stained with root with endophyte bacterium liquid, with being stained with cultivation; All the other cultivation management measures, with conventional, are suited measures to local conditions.The fleabane flower of the method cultivation, its medicinal ingredient Breviscapinun content improves 30% left and right, and per unit area yield increases by 10% left and right, and resistance strengthens.Concrete implementation step is as follows:
(1) select to produce the active high endophyte of Breviscapinun from 4 strains of separating and preserving in wild fleabane flower plant: fusarium, streptomycete, bacillus (3 strain bacterium are by the separation of Yunnan Province Institute of Micro-biology, evaluation, preservation), adopt conventional liquid-state fermentation technology separately after fermentation, in the ratio of 1:2:2, be mixed into and mix endophyte bacterium liquid.
(2) after completing wholely, prior to seeding, with above-mentioned endophyte bacterium liquid, at 30-35 ℃ of seed soaking 10-18 hour, after pulling out and drying the surface of the seed moisture, broadcast sowing and grow seedlings.
(3) 60-80 days of emerging, transplanted at the cloudy day.During transplanting, after lifting, band soil adopts above-mentioned endophyte bacterium liquid to be stained with root, with being stained with cultivation.Endophyte bacterium liquid is joined in normal root water and irrigates.
(4) by known conventional cultivation method carry out whole ground, sow, transplant, shade, the administrative skill measures such as fertilising, diseases prevention insect protected, the draining of pouring water, intertill and clean tillage.
(5) transplant rear 60-80 days (while reaching 130-150 days breeding time), after fleabane flower enters initial bloom stage, gather in time.Otherwise output and scutellarin content can descend.
Use the cultivation method of this invention, its medicinal ingredient Breviscapinun content reaches 3.0% left and right, than conventional cultivation method, improves 30% left and right; Per mu yield fleabane flower medicinal material dry product reaches more than 360 kilograms, and per unit area yield increases by 20% left and right; Resistance strengthens, and damage by disease and insect obviously reduces.
Embodiment
embodiment 1:
In May, 2012, in planting base, Institute of Medical Plants, academy of agricultural sciences, little Shao Yunnan Province, Kunming, plant 30 square metres, seed is provided by Yunnan Biological Valley Breviscapin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd..
Wherein, 10 square metres adopt known conventional cultivation method, that is:
1, grow seedlings:
(1) wholely: plough deeply 20 centimetres of left and right, hack, rake carefully; Execute 30,000 g/acres of 3,000 thousand g/acres of decomposed manures, composite fertilizer and make base manure; Furrow are done in leveling, and furrow are wide 2 meters, and 30 centimetres of furrow furrow widths accomplish that the furrow face is smooth, and upturned soil is in small, broken bits, up-small and down-big, excess in the upper and deficiency in the lower.
(2) seed treatment: seed is exposed to the sun 3 hours in the sun, with the water seed soaking of 30 ℃ of left and right 12 hours, then uses 500 times of immersion kinds of 50% carbendazim 2 hours.Seed is pulled out, be placed to surface moisture slightly dry, sneak in thin wet sand and mix thoroughly.
(3) soil disinfection: 1:1 carbendazim and fenaminosulf mixed liquor with 0.2% carry out soil disinfection.
(4) sowing: broadcast sowing and grow seedlings, 2 g/ms of seeding quantitys, evenly sow seeds rear with 0.5 centimetre of mull covering, finally with pine tag or straw, covers, and water, then cover film.
(5) management: from being seeded into the little cross phase, water every day once, keep ground moistening, keep water content at 70-80%; The grand cross phase, be watered pouring 1 time with 6,000 g/acres of composite fertilizers, after fertilising, with clear water, drenches once, in case the seedling of burning; Entering the grand cross phase starts hardening, takes off film and ventilates and ascendingly progressively take exercise; Enter the fast-growing phase, take off film fully; Principle thinning by " close stay rare, stay strong a little less than "; Transplant first 15 days, start suitably control fertilizer, control water.
2, field production
(1) wholely: plough deeply 25 centimetres of left and right, hack, rake carefully; Execute 30,000 g/acres of 2,500 thousand g/acres of decomposed manures, 25,000 g/acres of composite fertilizers, general calcium and make base manure; Furrow are done in leveling, and furrow are wide 2 meters, 30 centimetres of furrow furrow widths; Require intensive cultivation, topsoil is fully loose in small, broken bits, and degree of tightness is suitable.
(2) transplant: when 8 centimetres of left and right of height of seedling, 8 true leaves occur, start to occur axillalry bud, transplant when seedling age reaches 70 days; Balled transplanting, with getting with cultivation; 10 * 20 centimetres of seeding row spacings, every mu of 2.5-2.7 ten thousand strains; Irrigate normal root water, cover the thing that shelters from heat or light.
3, land for growing field crops field management
(1) draining of pouring water: remain ground moistening, prevent field ponding.
(2) intertill and clean tillage: carry out intertill and clean tillage 2-3 time in branch budding period and initial bloom stage, remove in time weeds.
(3) topdress: by a small amount of principle repeatedly.Transplant and impose for the first time in latter 10 days, every mu with 2 kilograms of 5 kilograms+potassium sulphates of 3 kilograms+superphosphate of urea, is watered to water and executes; Transplant and topdress for the second time in latter 25 days, every mu with 3 kilograms of 7 kilograms+potassium sulphates of 5 kilograms+superphosphate of urea, is watered to water and executes; Transplant and topdress for the third time in latter 45 days, 3 kilograms of 7 kilograms+potassium sulphates of 5 kilograms+superphosphate of every mu of urea, be watered to water and execute.In conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, carry out.
(4) diseases prevention insect protected: the 1:1 carbendazim with 0.1% and fenaminosulf mixed liquor are prevented three times in 10,25,45 days after transplanting.
(5) pluck bud: select the fine day regular bud of extracing at noon.
(6) harvested management: should note during harvesting reducing the damage of young shoot as far as possible and preventing from plant is pulled up, should be topdressed in time after harvesting, pour water, weed with a hoe, the field management work such as diseases prevention insect protected, impel its early growth and quick tiller.
4, gather and process
After transplanting 60-80 days (while reaching 130-150 days breeding time), after fleabane flower enters initial bloom stage, gather for the first time in time, otherwise output and scutellarin content can descend.Cut acrial part with reaping hook from root 1-2 centimeters while gathering and get final product, tap and be placed in frame, dry in time.After gathering for the first time 5 days, weed a garden, 4 kilograms of 8 kilograms+potassium sulphates of 8 kilograms+superphosphate of every mu of urea, be watered to water and execute; After 45 days, gather for the second time.After gathering for the second time latter 5 days, weed a garden, 5 kilograms of 10 kilograms+potassium sulphates of 10 kilograms+superphosphate of every mu of urea, be watered to water and execute; After 50 days, gather for the second time.
Use above technology, plant 10 square metres, 9.6 kilograms of the fresh goods of gathering for the first time, be processed into 2.2 kilograms of dry products, Breviscapinun content 2.54%; 6.7 kilograms of the fresh goods of gathering for the second time, be processed into 1.4 kilograms of dry products, Breviscapinun content 2.21%; 4.8 kilograms of the fresh goods of gathering for the third time, be processed into 1.0 kilograms of dry products, Breviscapinun content 1.95%.
In addition, 20 square metres have adopted cultivation method of the present invention: on the basis that adopts above-mentioned known culture technique, increased by endophyte bacterium immersion kind and be stained with the root link, that is:
1, when arranging seedling ground, selection is produced the active high endophyte of Breviscapinun from 3 strains of separating and preserving in wild fleabane flower plant: fusarium, streptomycete, bacillus, adopt conventional liquid-state fermentation technology separately after fermentation, in the ratio of 1:2:2, be mixed into mixed bacteria liquid.
2, prior to seeding,,, after pulling out and drying the surface of the seed moisture, broadcast sowing and grow seedlings 30 ℃ of seed soaking 12 hours with above-mentioned endophyte bacterium liquid.
3, emerge 70 days, transplanted at the cloudy day.During transplanting, after lifting, band soil adopts above-mentioned endophyte bacterium liquid to be stained with root, with being stained with cultivation.Residue endophyte bacterium liquid is joined in normal root water and irrigates.
Adopt the technology of the present invention, plant 20 square metres, 22.1 kilograms of the fresh goods of gathering for the first time, be processed into 5.4 kilograms of dry products, and Breviscapinun content reaches 3.32%; 14.5 kilograms of the fresh goods of gathering for the second time, be processed into 3.5 kilograms of dry products, Breviscapinun content 3.16%; 10.6 kilograms of the fresh goods of gathering for the third time, be processed into 2.4 kilograms of dry products, Breviscapinun content 2.78%.Medicinal ingredient Breviscapinun content reaches 3.16%, than known conventional cultivation method, improves 36.80%; Per mu yield fleabane flower medicinal material dry product reaches more than 377 kilograms, and per unit area yield increases by 22.8%; Resistance strengthens, and damage by disease and insect obviously reduces.
embodiment 2:
In October, 2012, in planting base, Institute of Medical Plants, academy of agricultural sciences, little Shao Yunnan Province, Kunming, plant 2 mu, seed is gathered and is obtained by the field of plantation last time.
Wherein, 1 mu adopts known conventional cultivation method, that is:
1, grow seedlings:
(1) meticulous whole ground: plough deeply 20 centimetres of left and right, hack, rake carefully; Execute 30,000 g/acres of 3,000 thousand g/acres of decomposed manures, composite fertilizer and make base manure; Furrow are done in leveling, and furrow are wide 2 meters, and 30 centimetres of furrow furrow widths accomplish that the furrow face is smooth, and upturned soil is in small, broken bits, up-small and down-big, excess in the upper and deficiency in the lower.
(2) seed treatment: seed is exposed to the sun 3 hours in the sun, with the water seed soaking of 35 ℃ of left and right 18 hours, then uses 500 times of immersion kinds of 50% carbendazim 1 hour.Seed is pulled out, be placed to surface moisture slightly dry, sneak in thin wet sand and mix thoroughly.
(3) soil disinfection: 1:1 carbendazim and fenaminosulf mixed liquor with 0.2% carry out soil disinfection.
(4) sowing: broadcast sowing and grow seedlings, 2 g/ms of seeding quantitys, evenly sow seeds rear with 0.5 centimetre of mull covering, finally with pine tag or straw, covers, and water, then cover film.
(5) management: from being seeded into the little cross phase, water every day once, keep ground moistening, keep water content at 70-80%; The grand cross phase, be watered pouring 1 time with 6,000 g/acres of composite fertilizers, after fertilising, with clear water, drenches once, in case the seedling of burning; Entering the grand cross phase starts hardening, takes off film and ventilates and ascendingly progressively take exercise; Enter the fast-growing phase, take off film fully; Principle thinning by " close stay rare, stay strong a little less than "; Transplant first 15 days, start suitably control fertilizer, control water.
2, field production
(1) wholely: plough deeply 25 centimetres of left and right, hack, rake carefully; Execute 30,000 g/acres of 2,500 thousand g/acres of decomposed manures, 25,000 g/acres of composite fertilizers, general calcium and make base manure; Furrow are done in leveling, and furrow are wide 2 meters, 30 centimetres of furrow furrow widths; Require intensive cultivation, topsoil is fully loose in small, broken bits, and degree of tightness is suitable.
(2) transplant: when 8 centimetres of left and right of height of seedling, 8 true leaves occur, start to occur axillalry bud, transplant when seedling age reaches 80 days; Balled transplanting, with getting with cultivation; 10 * 20 centimetres of seeding row spacings, every mu of 2.5-2.7 ten thousand strains; Irrigate normal root water, cover the thing that shelters from heat or light.
3, land for growing field crops field management
(1) draining of pouring water: remain ground moistening, prevent field ponding.
(2) intertill and clean tillage: carry out intertill and clean tillage 2-3 time in branch budding period and initial bloom stage, remove in time weeds.
(3) topdress: by a small amount of principle repeatedly.Transplant and impose for the first time in latter 10 days, every mu with 2 kilograms of 5 kilograms+potassium sulphates of 3 kilograms+superphosphate of urea, is watered to water and executes; Transplant and topdress for the second time in latter 25 days, every mu with 3 kilograms of 7 kilograms+potassium sulphates of 5 kilograms+superphosphate of urea, is watered to water and executes; Transplant and topdress for the third time in latter 45 days, 3 kilograms of 7 kilograms+potassium sulphates of 5 kilograms+superphosphate of every mu of urea, be watered to water and execute.In conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, carry out.
(4) diseases prevention insect protected: the 1:1 carbendazim with 0.1% and fenaminosulf mixed liquor are prevented three times in 10,25,45 days after transplanting.
(5) pluck bud: select the fine day regular bud of extracing at noon.
(6) harvested management: should note during harvesting reducing the damage of young shoot as far as possible and preventing from plant is pulled up, should be topdressed in time after harvesting, pour water, weed with a hoe, the field management work such as diseases prevention insect protected, impel its early growth and quick tiller.
4, gather and process
After transplanting 60-80 days (while reaching 130-150 days breeding time), after fleabane flower enters initial bloom stage, gather for the first time in time, otherwise output and scutellarin content can descend.Cut acrial part with reaping hook from root 1-2 centimeters while gathering and get final product, tap and be placed in frame, dry in time.After gathering for the first time 5 days, weed a garden, 4 kilograms of 8 kilograms+potassium sulphates of 8 kilograms+superphosphate of every mu of urea, be watered to water and execute; After 45 days, gather for the second time.After gathering for the second time latter 5 days, weed a garden, 5 kilograms of 10 kilograms+potassium sulphates of 10 kilograms+superphosphate of every mu of urea, be watered to water and execute; After 50 days, gather for the second time.
Use above technology, plant 1 mu, 561 kilograms of the fresh goods of gathering for the first time, be processed into 125 kilograms of dry products, Breviscapinun content 2.50%; 459 kilograms of the fresh goods of gathering for the second time, be processed into 102 kilograms of dry products, Breviscapinun content 2.18%; 318 kilograms of the fresh goods of gathering for the third time, be processed into 74 kilograms of dry products, Breviscapinun content 1.81%.
In addition, 1 mu has adopted cultivation method of the present invention: on the basis that adopts above-mentioned known culture technique, increased with the seed soaking of endophyte mixed liquor and be stained with the root link, that is:
1, when arranging seedling ground, selection is produced the active high endophyte of Breviscapinun from 3 strains of separating and preserving in wild fleabane flower plant: fusarium, streptomycete, bacillus, adopt conventional liquid-state fermentation technology separately after fermentation, in the ratio of 1:2:2, be mixed into endophyte bacterium liquid.
2, prior to seeding,,, after pulling out and drying the surface of the seed moisture, broadcast sowing and grow seedlings 35 ℃ of seed soaking 18 hours with above-mentioned endophyte bacterium liquid.
3, emerge 80 days, transplanted at the cloudy day.During transplanting, after lifting, band soil adopts above-mentioned endophyte bacterium liquid to be stained with root, with being stained with cultivation.Residue endophyte bacterium liquid is joined in normal root water and irrigates.
Adopt the technology of the present invention, plant 1 mu, 710 kilograms of the fresh goods of gathering for the first time, be processed into 158 kilograms of dry products, and Breviscapinun content reaches 3.25%; 567 kilograms of the fresh goods of gathering for the second time, be processed into 126 kilograms of dry products, Breviscapinun content 3.01%; 409 kilograms of the fresh goods of gathering for the third time, be processed into 91 kilograms of dry products, Breviscapinun content 2.41%.Medicinal ingredient Breviscapinun content reaches 2.97%, than known conventional cultivation method, improves 33.58%; Per mu yield fleabane flower medicinal material dry product reaches more than 375 kilograms, and per unit area yield increases by 24.58%; Resistance strengthens, and damage by disease and insect obviously reduces.
Claims (2)
1. a fleabane flower cultivation method that improves Breviscapinun content, comprise whole ground, seed treatment, sowing and transplanting, field management, gather and process, and it is characterized in that:
(1) before the sowing, adopt fleabane flower endophyte bacterium liquid, at 30-35 ℃ of seed soaking 10-18 hour, pull out after drying the surface of the seed moisture and sow;
(2), while transplanting, adopt fleabane flower endophyte bacterium liquid to be stained with root, with being stained with cultivation;
(3) emerge 70 days, transplanted at the cloudy day, during transplanting, after lifting, band soil adopts above-mentioned endophyte bacterium liquid to be stained with root, with being stained with cultivation, residue endophyte bacterium liquid is joined in normal root water and irrigates.
2. the fleabane flower cultivation method of raising Breviscapinun content according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described fleabane flower endophyte bacterium liquid is for selecting the endophyte bacterial strain be separated to from wild fleabane flower plant inside: fusarium (
fusariumsp
.) (fungi), streptomycete (
streptomycessp.) (actinomycetes), bacillus (
bacillus pumilus) (bacterium), after fermenting separately according to conventional microorganism liquid-state fermentation technology, in the ratio of 1:2:2, mix.
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| CN104380953A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-03-04 | 弥渡县众联中药材种植农民专业合作社 | Method for planting erigeron breviscapus in plastic greenhouse |
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| CN116308148A (en) * | 2023-03-02 | 2023-06-23 | 中电金信软件有限公司 | Activity flow processing method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN117986064A (en) * | 2024-04-07 | 2024-05-07 | 四川国光园林科技股份有限公司 | Pesticide composition for improving output of erigeron breviscapus and yield increasing method |
| CN117986063A (en) * | 2024-04-07 | 2024-05-07 | 四川国光园林科技股份有限公司 | Pesticide composition for improving output of erigeron breviscapus and yield increasing method |
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