CN106676517A - Method for preparing copper-chromium composite contact material through electron beam cladding process - Google Patents
Method for preparing copper-chromium composite contact material through electron beam cladding process Download PDFInfo
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- CN106676517A CN106676517A CN201611169018.XA CN201611169018A CN106676517A CN 106676517 A CN106676517 A CN 106676517A CN 201611169018 A CN201611169018 A CN 201611169018A CN 106676517 A CN106676517 A CN 106676517A
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- powder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a copper-chromium composite contact material through an electron beam cladding process. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparation of a base body material; (2) preparation of cladding powder: mixing copper powder and chromium powder according to a ratio, then adding absolute ethyl alcohol, and carrying out ball grinding on the mixed powder through a copper ball to obtain the cladding powder; (3) spreading: spreading the cladding powder on the surface of an oxygen-free copper block; (4) pressing: pressing the cladding layer with a press, and carrying out natural airing or drying; (5) vacuumizing: putting a pressed sample into electronic beam equipment, and vacuumizing to 10<-2> pa or below; (6) electron beam scanning: melting the cladded copper-chromium powder through electron beam scanning, and enabling the surface of an oxygen-free copper base body to be slightly melted to form metallurgical bonding between the copper-chromium powder and the oxygen-free copper base body. According to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the raw materials are not in contact with a crucible, so that inclusions caused by falling of the crucible and relatively high product gas content caused by crucible degassing are avoided; and meanwhile, by rapid cooling, the particle size of a product from the edge part to the heart part is uniform and fine.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to copper chromium composite contact material manufacturing technology field, a kind of electron beam cladding technique system is specifically related to
The method of standby copper chromium composite contact material.
Background technology
In the prior art, the method for preparing copper chromium composite contact material is mainly using vacuum induction melting technique, but very
Empty induction melting technique has the disadvantages that:1) can draw because crucible comes off when vacuum induction melting technique prepares electrical contact material
Rise and be mingled with;2) vacuum induction melting technique is prepared by the edge of contact blade to center, and chromium particle gradually increases in metallographic structure, group
Knit uniformity inconsistent;3) vacuum induction melting technique preparation process crucible is deflated, and causes gas content higher;4) vacuum induction
Smelting technology cannot prepare " cuprum chromium-cuprum " composite contact.
E.B surface treatment with its capacity usage ratio it is high, reliability of technology is good, it is pollution-free the advantages of obtain extensively should
With.Electron beam alloyage is to act on the pre- alloying powder surface being coated with of matrix using the electron beam of high-energy-density, is passed through
Control electron beam cladding technological parameter causes that alloying powder fine melt matrix is micro- molten, and one or more alloying substance is fused into metal
Skin layer melting zone, is allowed to occur physical change or chemical change reaction, metal surface prepare have specific alloy components containing and
The modified layer of particular characteristic.Electron beam makes metal surface or internal material heat fusing rapidly within the extremely short time, and by
In the technique of cold conditions matrix cooling rapidly, the compound, supersaturated solid solution, micro- that cannot be obtained under general cooling velocity can be obtained
It is brilliant.
The content of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that being, it is thick that the existing technique for preparing copper chromium composite contact material has tissue
Uneven, tissue is mingled with, and material purity is low, gas content is higher, cannot prepare " cuprum chromium-cuprum " composite contact and poorly conductive
Problem, there is provided a kind of method that electron beam cladding technique prepares copper chromium composite contact material.
The technical scheme is that:A kind of method that electron beam cladding technique prepares copper chromium composite contact material, it is described
Method is comprised the following steps:
1) prepared by matrix material:Oxygen-free copper block is made required shape by machining equipment;
2) it is coated with powder preparation:By copper powder and chromium powder Cu powder by weight:Cr powder=(9:1)-(5:5) proportioning is mixed to get copper
Evanohm mixed powder, then absolute ethyl alcohol is added, the mixed powder of ball milling is carried out with copper ball 3-10 hours, obtain being coated with powder;
3) it is coated with:The powder that is coated with after will be mixed is coated with oxygen-free copper block surface, and thickness is in 1-4mm;
4) suppress:Suppressed using forcing press and be coated with layer, then natural air drying or drying;
5) vacuumize:Sample after compacting is placed in electron beam equipment, 10 are evacuated to-2Pa grades following;
6) electron beam scanning:Choose suitable accelerating potential, accelerate electric current, pulse frequency, focus current, lower beam time etc.
Sample surfaces are scanned treatment by technological parameter, are melted the copper chromium powder being coated with end by electron beam scanning and are made anaerobic copper-based
Body surface face is micro- molten, and metallurgical binding is formed therebetween.
Further, in such scheme, oxygen-free copper block purity >=99.95%, Cr powder purity >=99.0%, Cu powder
Purity >=99.7%.
Further, in such scheme, the Cr powders footpath is 100-400 microns, and the Cu powders footpath is 400 microns
Below.
Further, in such scheme, during the mixed powder of described ball milling, by weight, chromiumcopper mixed powder:Copper
Ball:Absolute ethyl alcohol=100:100:1, it is the product even tissue of preparation, tiny.
Further, in such scheme, the Stress control of the forcing press makes to be coated with powder tentatively and base in 15-95kN
Material is combined.
Further, in such scheme, the accelerating potential control is in 30-60kV, acceleration current control in 10-
120mA, pulse frequency control are in 50-400HZ, focus current control in 50-400mA, lower beam time control in 10-40S.
Preferably, accelerating potential control 45kV, accelerate current control 65mA, pulse frequency control 200HZ,
Focus current is controlled in 220mA, lower beam time control in 25S.Chromiumcopper powder is acted on by the electron beam of high-energy-density
Surface, makes alloyed powder fine melt, and oxygen-free copper block surface is micro- molten, and the chromiumcopper part of molten state incorporates oxygen-free copper block skin layer and melts
Area, is allowed to metallurgical binding, then reaches Fast Cooling by oxygen-free copper block heat conduction, so as to obtain the uniform copper of fine microstructures
Layers of chrome.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:The present invention prepares copper chromium composite contact material using electron beam cladding technique, due to
Raw material do not contact crucible, avoid well and being mingled with of causing and are deflated because of crucible and cause product gas content because crucible comes off
It is higher, simultaneously because cooling is rapid, it is ensured that product edge is tiny to center portion particle size uniformity.By the electricity of high-energy-density
Beamlet acts on chromiumcopper powder surface, makes alloyed powder fine melt, and oxygen-free copper block surface is micro- molten, and the chromiumcopper part of molten state is melted
Enter oxygen-free copper block skin layer melting zone, make " copper layers of chrome " and " layers of copper " metallurgical binding, it is ensured that bond strength, while in use
Each play its material advantage.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of method that electron beam cladding technique prepares copper chromium composite contact material, the described method comprises the following steps:
1) prepared by matrix material:Oxygen-free copper block is made required shape by machining equipment, oxygen-free copper block purity >=
99.95%;
2) it is coated with powder preparation:By copper powder and chromium powder Cu powder by weight:Cr powder=9:1 proportioning is mixed to get chromiumcopper and mixes
Conjunction powder, Cr powder purity >=99.0%, Cu powder purity >=99.7%, Cr powders footpath is 100 microns, and Cu powders footpath is 380 microns, then
Addition absolute ethyl alcohol, by weight, chromiumcopper mixed powder:Copper ball:Absolute ethyl alcohol=100:100:1, carry out ball milling with copper ball
Mixed powder 3 hours, the product even tissue of preparation, tiny obtains being coated with powder;
3) it is coated with:The powder that is coated with after will be mixed is coated with oxygen-free copper block surface, and thickness is in 1mm;
4) suppress:Suppressed using forcing press and be coated with layer, the Stress control of forcing press makes to be coated with powder tentatively and base material in 15kN
With reference to then natural air drying or drying;
5) vacuumize:Sample after compacting is placed in electron beam equipment, 10 are evacuated to-2Pa grades following;
6) electron beam scanning:Accelerating potential control exists in 30kV, acceleration current control in 10mA, pulse frequency control
50HZ, focus current control, in 10S, treatment are scanned to sample surfaces in 50mA, lower beam time control, close by high-energy
The electron beam of degree acts on chromiumcopper powder surface, makes alloyed powder fine melt, and oxygen-free copper block surface is micro- molten, the chromiumcopper of molten state
Part incorporates oxygen-free copper block skin layer melting zone, is allowed to metallurgical binding, then reaches high speed cold by oxygen-free copper block heat conduction
But, so as to obtain the uniform copper layers of chrome of fine microstructures.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method that electron beam cladding technique prepares copper chromium composite contact material, the described method comprises the following steps:
1) prepared by matrix material:Oxygen-free copper block is made required shape by machining equipment, oxygen-free copper block purity >=
99.95%;
2) it is coated with powder preparation:By copper powder and chromium powder Cu powder by weight:Cr powder=7:3 proportioning is mixed to get chromiumcopper and mixes
Conjunction powder, Cr powder purity >=99.0%, Cu powder purity >=99.7%, Cr powders footpath is 250 microns, and Cu powders footpath is 300 microns, then
Addition absolute ethyl alcohol, by weight, chromiumcopper mixed powder:Copper ball:Absolute ethyl alcohol=100:100:1, carry out ball milling with copper ball
Mixed powder 7 hours, the product even tissue of preparation, tiny obtains being coated with powder;
3) it is coated with:The powder that is coated with after will be mixed is coated with oxygen-free copper block surface, and thickness is in 2mm;
4) suppress:Suppressed using forcing press and be coated with layer, the Stress control of forcing press makes to be coated with powder tentatively and base material in 55kN
With reference to then natural air drying or drying;
5) vacuumize:Sample after compacting is placed in electron beam equipment, 10 are evacuated to-2Pa grades following;
6) electron beam scanning:Accelerating potential control exists in 45kV, acceleration current control in 65mA, pulse frequency control
200HZ, focus current control, in 25S, treatment are scanned to sample surfaces, by high-energy in 220mA, lower beam time control
The electron beam of density acts on chromiumcopper powder surface, makes alloyed powder fine melt, and oxygen-free copper block surface is micro- molten, and the copper chromium of molten state is closed
Golden part incorporates oxygen-free copper block skin layer melting zone, is allowed to metallurgical binding, is then reached at a high speed by oxygen-free copper block heat conduction
Cooling, so as to obtain the uniform copper layers of chrome of fine microstructures.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method that electron beam cladding technique prepares copper chromium composite contact material, the described method comprises the following steps:
1) prepared by matrix material:Oxygen-free copper block is made required shape by machining equipment, oxygen-free copper block purity >=
99.95%;
2) it is coated with powder preparation:By copper powder and chromium powder Cu powder by weight:Cr powder=5:5 proportioning is mixed to get chromiumcopper and mixes
Conjunction powder, Cr powder purity >=99.0%, Cu powder purity >=99.7%, Cr powders footpath is 400 microns, and Cu powders footpath is 100 microns, then
Addition absolute ethyl alcohol, by weight, chromiumcopper mixed powder:Copper ball:Absolute ethyl alcohol=100:100:1, carry out ball milling with copper ball
Mixed powder 10 hours, the product even tissue of preparation, tiny obtains being coated with powder;
3) it is coated with:The powder that is coated with after will be mixed is coated with oxygen-free copper block surface, and thickness is in 4mm;
4) suppress:Suppressed using forcing press and be coated with layer, the Stress control of forcing press makes to be coated with powder tentatively and base material in 95kN
With reference to then natural air drying or drying;
5) vacuumize:Sample after compacting is placed in electron beam equipment, 10 are evacuated to-2Pa grades following;
6) electron beam scanning:Accelerating potential control exists in 60kV, acceleration current control in 120mA, pulse frequency control
400HZ, focus current control, in 40S, treatment are scanned to sample surfaces, by high-energy in 400mA, lower beam time control
The electron beam of density acts on chromiumcopper powder surface, makes alloyed powder fine melt, and oxygen-free copper block surface is micro- molten, and the copper chromium of molten state is closed
Golden part incorporates oxygen-free copper block skin layer melting zone, is allowed to metallurgical binding, is then reached at a high speed by oxygen-free copper block heat conduction
Cooling, so as to obtain the uniform copper layers of chrome of fine microstructures.
Finally it should be noted that passing through described in above example, can preferably implement the present invention, but above-described embodiment is only
It is presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not for limiting practical range of the invention;I.e. all equalizations made according to present invention
Change and modification, are all covered by the claims in the present invention scope required for protection.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method that electron beam cladding technique prepares copper chromium composite contact material, it is characterised in that methods described include with
Lower step:
1) prepared by matrix material:Oxygen-free copper block is made required shape by machining equipment;
2) it is coated with powder preparation:By copper powder and chromium powder Cu powder by weight:Cr powder=(9:1)-(5:5) proportioning is mixed to get the conjunction of copper chromium
Golden mixed powder, then absolute ethyl alcohol is added, the mixed powder of ball milling is carried out with copper ball 3-10 hours, obtain being coated with powder;
3) it is coated with:The powder that is coated with after will be mixed is coated with oxygen-free copper block surface;
4) suppress:Suppressed using forcing press and be coated with layer, then natural air drying or drying;
5) vacuumize:Sample after compacting is placed in electron beam equipment, 10 are evacuated to-2Pa grades following;
6) electron beam scanning:Choose suitable accelerating potential, accelerate the techniques such as electric current, pulse frequency, focus current, lower beam time
Sample surfaces are scanned treatment by parameter, are melted the copper chromium powder being coated with end by electron beam scanning and are made oxygen-free copper matrix table
Face is micro- molten, and metallurgical binding is formed therebetween.
2. the method that a kind of electron beam cladding technique as claimed in claim 1 prepares copper chromium composite contact material, its feature exists
In oxygen-free copper block purity >=99.95%, Cr powder purity >=99.0%, Cu powder purity >=99.7%.
3. the method that a kind of electron beam cladding technique as claimed in claim 1 prepares copper chromium composite contact material, its feature exists
In the Cr powders footpath is 100-400 microns, and the Cu powders footpath is less than 400 microns.
4. the method that a kind of electron beam cladding technique as claimed in claim 1 prepares copper chromium composite contact material, its feature exists
In, during the mixed powder of described ball milling, by weight, chromiumcopper mixed powder:Copper ball:Absolute ethyl alcohol=100:100:1.
5. the method that a kind of electron beam cladding technique as claimed in claim 4 prepares copper chromium composite contact material, its feature exists
In the Stress control of the forcing press is in 15-95kN or so.
6. the method that a kind of electron beam cladding technique as claimed in claim 1 prepares copper chromium composite contact material, its feature exists
In, accelerating potential control in 30-60kV, accelerate current control in 10-120mA, pulse frequency control in 50-400HZ, poly-
Burnt current control is in 50-400mA, lower beam time control in 10-40S.
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Cited By (2)
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CN111508734A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-08-07 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Method for producing copper-tungsten contact by electron beam infiltration |
CN115070063A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-09-20 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of electron beam 3D printing copper-chromium contact |
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CN111508734A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-08-07 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Method for producing copper-tungsten contact by electron beam infiltration |
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CN115070063A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-09-20 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of electron beam 3D printing copper-chromium contact |
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Application publication date: 20170517 |