CN103583206B - The ecology planting method of a kind of Wumeng Shan Mountain district gastrodia elata f. glauca and Yunnan rough gentian cover, crop rotation - Google Patents
The ecology planting method of a kind of Wumeng Shan Mountain district gastrodia elata f. glauca and Yunnan rough gentian cover, crop rotation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the ecology planting method of a kind of Wumeng Shan Mountain district gastrodia elata f. glauca and Yunnan rough gentian cover, crop rotation, comprise step as follows: (1) First Year, selection of land, does the pool wholely, standby material and cultivate bacterium bed; (2) Second Year, field planting kind fiber crops, the lid pool of beating the grass, sowing Yunnan rough gentian, drainage waterlogging prevention and excavate rhizoma Gastrodiae; (3) the 3rd years, thinning was filled the gaps with seedlings, and weeding is applied fertilizer and cut stalk and passes the winter; (4) the 4th years, field management, Yunnan rough gentian is gathered; (5) the 5th years, repeat (1)-(4) step, again make pool plantation gastrodia elata f. glauca and cover, crop rotation Yunnan rough gentian.The invention provides a kind of ecology, effective gastrodia elata f. glauca and Yunnan rough gentian cover, crop rotation ecology planting method, it makes full use of waste hillside and sparse wood, ground is not striven with crops, land resources utilization rate and medicinal material quality and the output value can be increased substantially, effective shortening gastrodia elata f. glauca rotation cycle, ecology, economical, societal benefits are remarkable, and simple.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to traditional Chinese medicine planting technology field, the ecology planting method of particularly a kind of Wumeng Shan Mountain district gastrodia elata f. glauca and Yunnan rough gentian cover, crop rotation.
Background technology
Rhizoma Gastrodiae (GastrodiaelataBl.) is the orchid family Gastrodia herbaceos perennial, has breath wind and stops convulsion, suppressing liver-YANG, dispelling wind and removing obstruction in the meridians effect.It has good therapeutic effect to dizzy, the headache for the treatment of, hypertension, senile dementia etc., is widely used in medicine and healthcare industry.History tree records all provinces in rhizoma Gastrodiae main product southwest, and with Wumeng Shan Mountain rhizoma Gastrodiaes that is produced from district such as northeast of Yunnan Zhaotong, WESTERN GUIZHOU Bijie, generous and South Sichuan Yibin for famous genunie medicinal materials, quality is especially good.
Yunnan rough gentian (GentianarigescensFranch), has another name called Gentiana rigescens, southern rough gentian, is Gentianaceae, Gentiana herbaceos perennial, has heat-clearing and damp-drying drug, purging the liver of pathogenic fire courage effect of fire.Yunnan rough gentian main product in Yunnan, Guizhou, the ground such as Sichuan, with Zhaotong County, Yunnan, Guizhou Bijie and generous, Xichang Sichuan and other places for the genuine place of production of Yunnan rough gentian.
Wumeng Shan Mountain district is one of economically underdeveloped area of China, has the means of production such as a large amount of barren hills, forest.Gastrodia elata f. glauca plantation, processing are the most important specialty industries in Wumeng Shan Mountain district, shake off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity to the local common people of help and promote economic development significant.But artificial cultivation gastrodia elata f. glauca also exists serious continuous cropping obstacle, the pool of planting rhizoma Gastrodiae needs leisure could cultivate rhizoma Gastrodiae again after 3 ~ 5 years, and therefore land resources utilization rate is lower.Excavating wild Yunnan rough gentian is also local farmers Important Economic income.But unorderedly for a long time to excavate, cause Yunnan rough gentian resource to be on the verge of exhaustion.More and the moistening sylvan life of humus is born in gastrodia elata f. glauca happiness, on the sunny side shrubbery and Cao Po, and height above sea level mostly is 700 ~ 2800 meters.Rough gentian happiness in Yunnan is born in patana, shrubbery, in sylvan life and mountain valley, height above sea level mostly is 1100 ~ 3000 meters.Visible, both growing environments and distributed areas more close.The artificial cultivation of two kinds of medicinal materials has had successful experience, and Yunnan and Guizhou have large-area cultivation.And at Zhaotong County, Yunnan and Guizhou Bijie, generous artificial rhizoma Gastrodiae growing area is common the rough gentian distribution of wild Yunnan.
Therefore, the present invention is according to the Ecology habit of gastrodia elata f. glauca, Yunnan rough gentian, and on traditional planting habit basis, for under Wumeng Shan Mountain district gastrodia elata f. glauca traditional planting models, land utilization rate is low, the rotation cycle is long, the output value is too low and the problem such as continuous cropping obstacle, utilize bio-diversity, crop combination, ecological niche and traditional Chinese medicine pseudo-wild cultivating principle, establish a set of low input, low-risk, the gastrodia elata f. glauca of high benefit and Yunnan rough gentian cover, alternating method.The land utilization rate of Wumeng Shan Mountain district gastrodia elata f. glauca planting site can be improved by the method, shorten the gastrodia elata f. glauca rotation cycle (2 years, interval), increase numb agriculture economic benefit, promote local economic development.
By literature search, the open report identical with the present invention is had no.
Summary of the invention
The stereo ecological cropping pattern that the present invention adopts " on the ground Yunnan rough gentian+underground gastrodia elata f. glauca ", solve the existing gastrodia elata f. glauca cropping pattern in Wumeng Shan Mountain district and there is continuous cropping obstacle, rotation cycle is long, the technical problem that land resources utilization rate is low, provides the ecology planting method of a kind of Wumeng Shan Mountain district gastrodia elata f. glauca and Yunnan rough gentian cover, crop rotation.
The method of the ecologic planting of a kind of Wumeng Shan Mountain of the present invention district's gastrodia elata f. glauca and Yunnan rough gentian cover, crop rotation is as follows:
(1) First Year: a. selection of land; Do the pool b. wholely; C. for material; D. bacterium bed is cultivated;
(2) Second Year: a. field planting kind fiber crops; B. beat the grass and cover the pool; C. Yunnan rough gentian is sowed; D. drainage waterlogging prevention; E. collecting tuber of elevated gastrodia;
(3) the 3rd years: a. weeding is applied fertilizer; B. thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings; C. cut bar to pass the winter;
(4) the 4th years: a. field management; B. Yunnan rough gentian is gathered;
(5) the 5th years and after: repeat (1) ~ (4) steps.
Further, in described step (1), the concrete operations of First Year are:
A. selection of land
Long-term mean temperature is selected to be 12 ~ 14 DEG C, relative air humidity is 70% ~ 90%, and height above sea level is 1000 ~ 2500m, the massif gradient 5 ~ 30 degree, be rich in mixed forest ground or the shrub land of humus, loose, well-drained loam or sandy loam, soil pH 5.5 ~ 6.5.Cool high and cold mountain area, selects at tailo planting rhizoma gastrodiae, in order to heat absorption, increases accumulated temperature; Low altitude area high temperature area, selects, at Schattenseite or underwood planting rhizoma Gastrodiae, to cover day in order to sheltering from heat or light, and reduces ground temperature, and ensures soil moisture; Upper level, selects half shady half tailo; Rhizoma Gastrodiae avoids continuous cropping, and planting site will select virgin land;
Do the pool b. wholely
Carry out whole doing the pool in 4 ~ June, first remove turf, tree root, stone during whole ground, then according to the landform in place, inclined slope aspect is dug and is cultivated the pool, cultivates the length on the pool along contour, wide along slope aspect, cultivates the pool long 60 ~ 70cm, wide 40 ~ 50cm, dark 20 ~ 25cm; Bottom cultivating the pool, inclined slope aspect makes 5 ~ 10 ° of inclined-planes, in order to draining, makes a call to 200 ~ 250 pools for every mu according to landform, and cultivating pool spacing is 50 ~ 80cm;
C. for material
When cultivating bacterium bed, select the seeds that suitable halimasch grows.Conventional seeds have blue or green thick stick, oriental white oak, cork oak, Mao Li, wild cherry, autumn elaeagnus root leaf and fruit, Anlnus nepalensis, mulberry tree etc., and thick with bark, that essence is hard, rotproofness is strong broad-leaved tree is good.Bacterium material is advisable with the trunk of diameter 6 ~ 10cm, branch, and will ensure as green wood, generally 3 ~ 5 days felling timber before cultivation bacterium bed.Green wood removing withe, be sawn into long 12 ~ 15cm juggle, every pool juggle length used should be tried one's best unanimously, so that cultivate and plantation fiber crops.Each juggle is cut 2 ~ 3, the fish scale mouth that spacing is 3 ~ 4cm, and the degree of depth is advisable to reach xylem.Simultaneously by withe, that leaf chopper is cut into 3 ~ 5cm segment is for subsequent use.
D. bacterium bed is cultivated
The time of cultivating bacterium bed is 6 ~ August.The soil cultivating 3 ~ 5cm at the bottom of hole, the pool is dug pine, the ready juggle of lay, makes it not stay gap with soil compaction of the culture bed end.Juggle placing direction is parallel to contour, occupies the pool according to juggle thickness.Inclined slope aspect is put juggle and is put than horizontal wall inscription and be easy to draining; Adjacent two juggles, section spacing is from 2 ~ 3cm, and adjacent two juggle spacings are 4 ~ 5cm.The high-quality halimasch cultivated species 500mL/ pool is connected equably at juggle section and fish scale mouth place.Then ready withe and leaf are evenly sprinkling upon juggle surface, thickness is advisable with 0.5 ~ 1.5cm, then new native infill is used, in case living contaminants, and earthing 8 ~ 12cm thick (table soil is in curvature of the spinal column type), slightly press, water permeable, and in bacterium pool surface coverage dry branches and fallen leaves or weeds, carry out the cultivation of bacterium bed, bacterium bed moisturizing water drainage to be carried out between bacterium bed culture period, prevent people and animals from trampleing on and infect with miscellaneous bacteria.Bacterium bed will cultivate more than 5 months.
Further, in described step (2), the concrete operations of Second Year are:
A. field planting kind fiber crops
HuperzineA resident time be early Febuary ~ mid-March (spring cultivation).The hoary hair fiber crops in sexual propagation 0 ~ 2 generation are selected to do kind of fiber crops.Kind of numb weight is best with 10 ~ 30g/, selects fresh full, yellow-white, without dehydration, without damage by disease and insect, hurtless measure, rotten without freeze injury, nothing, the bodily form is spindle, and the obvious hoary hair fiber crops of eye are cooked kind of fiber crops.
During cultivated species fiber crops, first excavate First Year cultured bacterium bed table soil, the soil between bacterium material is taken out half; Kind of fiber crops put by the bacterium material that halimasch grows fine; Planting fiber crops should put in shoestring many places, usually puts a kind fiber crops in two adjacent bacterium material section parts, and bacterium material puts a kind fiber crops by side of a pond section part, and 4 kind fiber crops placed altogether by every discharge of bacteria material, amounts to every pool and places 16 ~ 20 kind fiber crops (about 300 ~ 500g).When kind fiber crops are put, upward, navel eye is near the bacterium material broken ends of fractured bone and bacterium material both sides for stem eye.And draw bacterium at the new branches that kind of numb navel eye puts 2 ~ 3 long, thick about 2 ~ 3cm.After being well placed kind of fiber crops, fill up space with soil, table soil is resetted, and thickness of earth covering is advisable with 10 ~ 15cm.If plantation time soil moisture too low, should water on bacterium bed one time permeable.
B. beat the grass and cover the pool
Early or mid April and late August, cut off the weeds such as rhizoma Gastrodiae planting site fernwort, undershrub in time, and be covered on bacterium bed, to reduce moisture evaporation, keep ground moistening, prevent rain drop erosion from causing soil compaction, winter also can be antifreeze.
C. Yunnan rough gentian is sowed
The Yunnan rough gentian planting seed time late April ~ mid-May.Sow the gibberellin of Yunnan rough gentian seed being put in first 1 day 200mg/L concentration and 0.5% carbendazim wettable powder soaks 24 hours, mix rear for subsequent use with 20 times of wet fine sands after pulling out.First remove the foreign material in vacant lot between the rhizoma Gastrodiae planting site bacterium pool before sowing, and shallow for topsoil hoe is loosened the soil, then will mix Yunnan rough gentian seed uniform broadcasting vacant lot, not earthing between the bacterium pool of fine sand, seeding quantity 100g/ mu.
D. drainage waterlogging prevention
The 7-9 rainy season month, dig drain ditch in the field in time, got rid of unnecessary rainwater, prevented ponding from causing Gastrodia Elata Stem Tuber and Yunnan rough gentian scutellum rot.
E. collecting tuber of elevated gastrodia
Late Febuary in December to next year excavates rhizoma Gastrodiae (the arrow fiber crops of gathering generally are referred to as winter fiber crops, and quality is better).Selection fine day is gathered, and when gathering, first except the table soil on the cultivation pool, then digs inwards with the bacterium material of hand from rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation pool side, opens the cultivation pool, collect rhizoma Gastrodiae.After excavating, the bacterium material dug out is concentrated, takes planting site out of, and the table earthen backfill that will excavate.The rhizoma Gastrodiae dug out is placed respectively by commodity fiber crops and kind fiber crops, handles with care and avoids mechanical damage.Commodity fiber crops separate storage to quality, cleans earth in time, carries out processing sell.Can be gathered fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae 4 ~ 5kg on every pool, the every mu of fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae 800 ~ 1000kg that can gather.
Further, in described step (3), the concrete steps of the 3rd year are:
A. thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings
Early or mid April, the rainy day removes between Yunnan rough gentian seedling overstocked for field, and is reseeded on the bacterium pool after excavating rhizoma Gastrodiae by the Yunnan rough gentian seedling pulled.
B. weeding fertilising
Early or mid May and mid or late August, the weeds in field of planting site is pulled out in time.And in conjunction with weeding, foliage-spray 2 ~ 3 times potassium dihydrogen phosphates or polynary nutrient foliage fertilizer, concentration is 800 ~ 1200 times, to promote Yunnan rough gentian root growth.
C. cut bar to pass the winter
By the end of November to December, until Yunnan rough gentian overground part in winter withered fall after seedling, with mower or reaping hook, its terrestrial stem stalk is cut off at overhead 4 ~ 5cm place, passes the winter in order under ground portion.When cutting off stem stalk, the young shoot not hurting plant base portion be noted, in order to plant strain growth in the coming year.
Further, in described step (4), the concrete steps of the 4th year are:
A. field management
Summer, diligent weeding in autumn, dig drain ditch, prevention waterlogging; And in conjunction with weeding, foliage-spray 2 ~ 3 times potassium dihydrogen phosphates or polynary nutrient foliage fertilizer, concentration is 800 ~ 1200 times, to promote Yunnan rough gentian root growth.
B. Yunnan rough gentian is gathered
In January in December to next year, gather in time Yunnan rough gentian seed and medicinal material, wipe out overground part after excavating, and rhizome dries in the air to time half-dried and rubs epidermis and earth with hand rubbing, dries after shaping.Generally can gather in the crops Yunnan rough gentian dry product 100 ~ 150kg for every mu.
Relative to prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, the present invention is according in the Ecology habit of gastrodia elata f. glauca, Yunnan rough gentian and the basis of traditional planting habit, utilize gastrodia elata f. glauca and Yunnan rough gentian niche space complementarity principle, give full play to the advantage of bio-diversity, crop combination and traditional Chinese medicine pseudo-wild cultivating, adopt the stereo ecological cropping pattern of " on the ground Yunnan rough gentian+underground gastrodia elata f. glauca ", can land resources be made full use of like this and solve gastrodia elata f. glauca continuous cropping problem, gastrodia elata f. glauca crop rotation gap periods is shortened 1 year, improve land utilization rate, increase numb agriculture income.
2, the present invention includes pool technology of doing, fixing bacterium bed culture technique, gastrodia elata f. glauca vegetative propagation technique, Yunnan rough gentian Direct Hole Sowing and field integrated management and science harvesting technique wholely, the comprehensive utilization of Wumeng Shan Mountain district gastrodia elata f. glauca planting site can be promoted by the inventive method, improve land utilization rate, improve root yield, quality and the output value, shorten the rotation cycle, increase numb agriculture income, promote local economic development.
3, utilize the inventive method to plant, fresh gastrodia elata f. glauca 800 ~ 1000kg can be gathered in the crops for every mu, dry product gastrodin content in 0.3 ~ 0.4% (exceeding standards of pharmacopoeia), by 80 yuan/kg calculation of price, gastrodia elata f. glauca income 64,000 ~ 80,000 yuan/mu; Simultaneously can gather in the crops the dry medicinal material 100 ~ 150kg of Yunnan rough gentian for every mu, dry product gentiopicroside in different morphological in 6.23 ~ 6.74% (exceeding standards of pharmacopoeia), by 45 yuan/kg calculation of price, Yunnan rough gentian income 4,500 ~ 6,750 yuan/mu; Every mu of rhizoma Gastrodiae and Yunnan rough gentian total income 68,500 ~ 86,750 yuan.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of technical solution of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the bacterium pool of the present invention schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with concrete drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further details:
Embodiment 1:
This example is implemented in Zhong Ming township, Yiliang County, Zhaotong County, Yunnan city.Have selected the interior enforcement of mountain waste woods of height above sea level 2000 meters, hillside fields, the gradient is 5 ~ 30 degree.For mountain top tailo ground.Selected by test experimental field soil layer deep, be rich in humus, climatic environment is moistening, and away from city and industrial pollution, air, water and soil all reach national standard reference.
(1) First Year
Do the pool a. wholely
Carry out whole doing the pool in April, cultivate the long 70cm in the pool, wide 50cm, dark 25cm; 5 ° of inclined-planes are made bottom the bacterium pool.Make a call to 200 pools according to landform for every mu, bacterium pool spacing is at 80cm.
B. for material
Select Qing Gang, wild cherry cooked bacterium material.Fresh bacterium material diameter 6 ~ 10cm, is sawn into the juggle (band bark) of long 15cm.Each juggle is cut 2 ~ 3, the fish scale mouth of distance 3 ~ 4cm.Simultaneously by withe, that leaf chopper is cut into 3 ~ 5cm segment is for subsequent use.
C. bacterium bed is cultivated
Cultivate the time of bacterium bed in June.The soil cultivating 3 ~ 5cm at the bottom of hole, the pool is dug pine, the ready juggle of lay.Juggle puts 3 along slope aspect, puts 4 ~ 5 (determining according to juggle thickness) along contour.Adjacent two juggles, section spacing reason 2 ~ 3cm, adjacent two juggle spacing 4 ~ 5cm.High-quality halimasch cultivated species 1 bottle (500mL) is connected equably at juggle section and fish scale mouth place.Then ready withe and leaf are spread on juggle uniformly, thickness 0.5 ~ 1.5cm, then use new native infill, and earthing 8 ~ 12cm thick (table soil is in curvature of the spinal column type), slightly press, water permeable, and in the surface cover of the bacterium pool dry branches and fallen leaves or weeds, carry out the cultivation of bacterium bed.Bacterium bed moisturizing water drainage to be carried out between bacterium bed culture period, prevent people and animals from trampleing on and infect with miscellaneous bacteria.
(2) Second Year
A. field planting kind fiber crops
HuperzineA resident time is at early or mid March.The hoary hair fiber crops in sexual propagation 0 ~ 1 generation are selected to do kind of fiber crops.Kind of numb weight 10 ~ 30g/, select fresh full, yellow-white, without dehydration, without damage by disease and insect, hurtless measure, rotten without freeze injury, nothing, the bodily form is spindle, and the obvious hoary hair fiber crops of eye are cooked kind of fiber crops.
During cultivated species fiber crops, first excavate First Year cultured bacterium bed table soil, the soil between bacterium material is taken out half.Kind of fiber crops put by the bacterium material that halimasch grows fine, amounts to every pool and place 20 kind fiber crops (about 500g).When kind fiber crops are put, upward, navel eye is near the bacterium material broken ends of fractured bone and bacterium material both sides for stem eye.And draw bacterium at the new branches that kind of numb navel eye puts 2 ~ 3 long, thick about 2 ~ 3cm.After being well placed kind of fiber crops, fill up space with soil, table soil is returned original position again, and thickness is at 15cm.
B. beat the grass and cover the pool
Early or mid April and late August, cut off the weeds such as rhizoma Gastrodiae planting site fernwort, undershrub in time, and be covered on bacterium bed, keep ground moistening, prevent rain drop erosion from causing soil compaction.
C. Yunnan rough gentian is sowed
The Yunnan rough gentian planting seed time is in mid-May.Sow the gibberellin of Yunnan rough gentian seed being put in first 1 day 200mg/L concentration and 0.5% carbendazim wettable powder soaks 24 hours, mix rear for subsequent use with 20 times of wet fine sands after pulling out.First remove the foreign material in vacant lot between the rhizoma Gastrodiae planting site bacterium pool before sowing, and shallow for topsoil hoe is loosened the soil, then will mix Yunnan rough gentian seed uniform broadcasting vacant lot, not earthing between the bacterium pool of fine sand, seeding quantity 100g/ mu.
D. drainage waterlogging prevention
In rainy season in 7 ~ September, dig drain ditch in the field in time, got rid of unnecessary rainwater, prevent ponding from causing Gastrodia Elata Stem Tuber and Yunnan rough gentian scutellum rot.
E. rhizoma Gastrodiae is excavated
December excavates rhizoma Gastrodiae.Gather fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae 5kg on every pool, the every mu of fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae 1000kg that gathers.
(3) the 3rd years
A. thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings
Early or mid April, the rainy day removes between Yunnan rough gentian seedling overstocked for field, and is reseeded on the bacterium pool after excavating rhizoma Gastrodiae by the Yunnan rough gentian seedling pulled.
B. weeding fertilising
Early or mid May and mid or late August, the weeds in field of planting site is pulled out in time.And in conjunction with weeding, foliage-spray 2 ~ 3 times foliage fertilizer potassium dihydrogen phosphates, concentration is 800 ~ 1200 times.
C. cut bar to pass the winter
By the end of November, with mower, Yunnan rough gentian terrestrial stem stalk is cut off at overhead 4 ~ 5cm place.
(4) the 4th years
A. field management
Summer, diligent weeding in autumn, dig drain ditch, prevention waterlogging.And in conjunction with weeding, foliage-spray 2 ~ 3 times potassium dihydrogen phosphates, concentration is 800 ~ 1200 times.
B. Yunnan rough gentian is gathered
December, gather in time Yunnan rough gentian seed and medicinal material.The dry medicinal material 150kg of Yunnan rough gentian can be gathered in the crops for every mu.
(5) the 5th years: repeat (1) ~ (4) step.
Embodiment 1 every mu can gather in the crops fresh gastrodia elata f. glauca 1000kg, dry product gastrodin content in 0.4% (exceeding standards of pharmacopoeia), by 80 yuan/kg calculation of price, gastrodia elata f. glauca income 80,000 yuan/mu; Simultaneously can gather in the crops the dry medicinal material 150kg of Yunnan rough gentian for every mu, dry product gentiopicroside in different morphological in 6.74% (exceeding standards of pharmacopoeia), by 45 yuan/kg calculation of price, Yunnan rough gentian income 6,750 yuan/mu; Every mu of gastrodia elata f. glauca and Yunnan rough gentian total income 86,750 yuan.And by Yunnan rough gentian cover, crop rotation, gastrodia elata f. glauca crop rotation gap periods is shortened 1 year.Thus make full use of land resources and solve gastrodia elata f. glauca continuous cropping problem, shorten the rotation cycle, improve land utilization rate, increase numb agriculture income, and method is simple.
Embodiment 2
This example is implemented in forest farm, slubbing river, little fascine dam township, Yiliang County, Zhaotong County, Yunnan city.Implement in the raw Sorbus alnifloria forest land of 3-4 that have selected height above sea level 1800 meters, tableland, hillside, the gradient is 5 degree.Selected planting site soil layer is deep, be rich in humus, and climatic environment is moistening, and away from city and industrial pollution, air, water and soil all reach national standard reference.
(1) First Year
Do the pool a. wholely
Carry out whole doing the pool in May, cultivate the long 60cm in the pool, wide 40cm, dark 20cm; 10 ° of inclined-planes are made bottom the bacterium pool.Make a call to 250 pools according to landform for every mu, bacterium pool spacing is at 60cm.
B. for material
Select Sorbus alnifloria, wild cherry cooked bacterium material.Fresh bacterium material diameter 8 ~ 10cm, is sawn into the juggle (band bark) of long 12cm.Each juggle is cut 2 ~ 3, the fish scale mouth of distance 3 ~ 4cm.Simultaneously by withe, that leaf chopper is cut into 3 ~ 5cm segment is for subsequent use.
C. bacterium bed is cultivated
Cultivate the time of bacterium bed in July.The soil cultivating 3 ~ 5cm at the bottom of hole, the pool is dug pine, the ready juggle of lay.High-quality halimasch cultivated species 1 bottle (500mL) is connected equably at juggle section and fish scale mouth place.Then ready withe and leaf are sprinkling upon on juggle uniformly, thickness 0.5 ~ 1.5cm, then use new native infill, and earthing 8 ~ 12cm thick (table soil is in curvature of the spinal column type), slightly press, water permeable, and in the surface cover of the bacterium pool dry branches and fallen leaves or weeds, carry out the cultivation of bacterium bed.Bacterium bed moisturizing water drainage to be carried out between bacterium bed culture period, prevent people and animals from trampleing on and infect with miscellaneous bacteria.
(2) Second Year
A. field planting kind fiber crops
HuperzineA resident time is in early or mid Febuary.The hoary hair fiber crops in sexual propagation 1 ~ 2 generation are selected to do kind of fiber crops.Kind of numb weight 10 ~ 30g/, select fresh full, yellow-white, without dehydration, without damage by disease and insect, hurtless measure, rotten without freeze injury, nothing, the bodily form is spindle, and the obvious hoary hair fiber crops of eye are cooked kind of fiber crops.
During cultivation rhizoma Gastrodiae, first excavate First Year cultured bacterium bed table soil, the soil between bacterium material is taken out half.All fiber crops put by the bacterium material that halimasch grows fine, amounts to every pool and place 16 kind fiber crops (about 400g).When kind fiber crops are put, upward, navel eye is near the bacterium material broken ends of fractured bone and bacterium material both sides for stem eye.And draw bacterium at the new branches that kind of numb navel eye puts 2 ~ 3 long, thick about 2 ~ 3cm.After being well placed hoary hair fiber crops, fill up space with soil, table soil is returned original position again, and thickness is at 10cm.
B. beat the grass and cover the pool
Early or mid April and late August, cut off the weeds such as rhizoma Gastrodiae planting site fernwort, undershrub in time, and be covered on bacterium bed, keep ground moistening, prevent rain drop erosion from causing soil compaction.
C. Yunnan rough gentian is sowed
The Yunnan rough gentian planting seed time is in late April.Sow the gibberellin of Yunnan rough gentian seed being put in first 1 day 200mg/L concentration and 0.5% carbendazim wettable powder soaks 24 hours, mix rear for subsequent use with 20 times of wet fine sands after pulling out.First remove the foreign material in vacant lot between the rhizoma Gastrodiae planting site bacterium pool before sowing, and shallow for topsoil hoe is loosened the soil, then will mix Yunnan rough gentian seed uniform broadcasting vacant lot, not earthing between the bacterium pool of fine sand, seeding quantity 100g/ mu.
D. drainage waterlogging prevention
In rainy season in 7 ~ September, dig drain ditch in the field in time, got rid of unnecessary rainwater, prevent ponding from causing Gastrodia Elata Stem Tuber and Yunnan rough gentian scutellum rot.
E. collecting tuber of elevated gastrodia
December excavates rhizoma Gastrodiae.Gather fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae 4kg on every pool, the every mu of fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae 1000kg that gathers.
(3) the 3rd years
A. thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings
Early or mid May, the rainy day removes between Yunnan rough gentian seedling overstocked for field, and is reseeded on the bacterium pool after excavating rhizoma Gastrodiae by the Yunnan rough gentian seedling pulled.
B. weeding fertilising
Early or mid May and mid or late August, the weeds in field of planting site is pulled out in time.And in conjunction with weeding, foliage-spray 2 ~ 3 times polynary nutrient foliage fertilizers, concentration is 800 ~ 1200 times.
C. cut bar to pass the winter
By the end of November, with reaping hook, Yunnan rough gentian terrestrial stem stalk is cut off at overhead 4 ~ 5cm place.
(4) the 4th years
A. field management
Summer, diligent weeding in autumn, dig drain ditch, prevention waterlogging.And in conjunction with weeding, foliage-spray 2 ~ 3 times polynary nutrient foliage fertilizers, concentration is 800 ~ 1200 times.
B. Yunnan rough gentian is gathered
December, gather in time Yunnan rough gentian seed and medicinal material.The dry medicinal material 100kg of Yunnan rough gentian can be gathered in the crops for every mu.
(5) the 5th years: repeat (1) ~ (4) step.
Embodiment 2 every mu can gather in the crops fresh gastrodia elata f. glauca 1000kg, dry product gastrodin content in 0.35% (exceeding standards of pharmacopoeia), by 80 yuan/kg calculation of price, gastrodia elata f. glauca income 80,000 yuan/mu; Simultaneously can gather in the crops the dry medicinal material 100kg of Yunnan rough gentian for every mu, dry product gentiopicroside in different morphological in 6.23% (exceeding standards of pharmacopoeia), by 45 yuan/kg calculation of price, Yunnan rough gentian income 4,500 yuan/mu; Every mu of rhizoma Gastrodiae and Yunnan rough gentian total income 84,500 yuan.And by Yunnan rough gentian cover, crop rotation, gastrodia elata f. glauca crop rotation gap periods is shortened 1 year.Thus make full use of land resources and solve gastrodia elata f. glauca continuous cropping problem, shorten the rotation cycle, improve land utilization rate, increase numb agriculture income, and method is simple.
The above, be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any change of expecting without creative work or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain that protection scope of the present invention should limit with claims is as the criterion.
Claims (4)
1. a method for Wumeng Shan Mountain district gastrodia elata f. glauca and Yunnan rough gentian cover, crop rotation, it is characterized in that the plantation of " on the ground Yunnan rough gentian+underground gastrodia elata f. glauca " stereo ecological, method is as follows:
(1) First Year: a. selection of land; Do the pool b. wholely; C. for material; D. bacterium bed is cultivated;
(2) Second Year: a. field planting kind fiber crops; B. beat the grass and cover the pool; C. Yunnan rough gentian is sowed; D. drainage waterlogging prevention; E. collecting tuber of elevated gastrodia;
(3) the 3rd years: a. weeding is applied fertilizer; B. thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings; C. cut bar to pass the winter;
(4) the 4th years: a. field management; B. Yunnan rough gentian is gathered;
(5) the 5th years: repeat (1) ~ (4) step;
In step (1),
A. selection of land, refers to, select long-term mean temperature to be 12 ~ 14 DEG C, relative air humidity is 70% ~ 90%, height above sea level 1000 ~ 2500m, the massif gradient 5 ~ 30 degree, the mixed forest ground of loam or shrub land, virgin land;
B. do the pool wholely, refer to, inclined slope aspect is dug and is cultivated the pool, cultivates the length on the pool along contour, wide along slope aspect, cultivates the pool long 60 ~ 70cm, wide 40 ~ 50cm, dark 20 ~ 25cm; Bottom cultivating the pool, inclined slope aspect makes 5 ~ 10 ° of inclined-planes, makes a call to 200 ~ 250 pools for every mu, cultivates pool spacing at 50 ~ 80cm;
C. for material, refer to, select thick, essential hard, that rotproofness the is strong broad-leaved tree of bark to do bacterium material, bacterium material diameter 6 ~ 10cm, and. keep fresh, be sawn into the juggle of long 12 ~ 15cm, juggle is cut 2 ~ 3, the fish scale mouth of distance 3 ~ 4cm, the fish scale mouth degree of depth reaches xylem;
D. cultivate bacterium bed, refer to, cultivate bacterium bed 6 ~ August, juggle placing direction is parallel to contour, and inclined slope aspect puts juggle, adjacent two juggles, and section spacing is from 2 ~ 3cm, and adjacent two juggle spacings are 4 ~ 5cm; The high-quality halimasch cultivated species 500mL/ pool is connected equably at juggle section and fish scale mouth place;
In step (2),
A. field planting kind fiber crops, refer to, field planting in 2 ~ March kind fiber crops, and plant the hoary hair fiber crops that fiber crops select sexual propagation 0 ~ 2 generation, size is 10 ~ 30g/, 16 ~ 20 kind fiber crops are placed on every pool, and draw bacterium at the new branch that kind of numb navel eye puts 2 ~ 3 long, thick 2 ~ 3cm;
B. to beat the grass the lid pool, refer to, early or mid April and late August, cut off the fernwort of rhizoma Gastrodiae planting site, undershrub weeds in field covers on bacterium bed;
C. sow Yunnan rough gentian, refer to, late April ~ sowing mid-May, soak 24 hours with the gibberellin of 200mg/L concentration and the carbendazim wettable powder of 0.5% before the rough gentian planting seed of Yunnan, mix to mix with the wet fine sand of 20 times after pulling out and broadcast, seeding quantity 100g/ mu;
D. drainage waterlogging prevention, refers to, the 7-9 rainy season month, has dug drain ditch in the field in time, has got rid of unnecessary rainwater;
E. collecting tuber of elevated gastrodia, refers to, first except the table soil on the cultivation pool, then digs inwards with the bacterium material of hand from rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation pool side, opens the cultivation pool, collect rhizoma Gastrodiae.
2. the method for a kind of Wumeng Shan Mountain district gastrodia elata f. glauca as claimed in claim 1 and Yunnan rough gentian cover, crop rotation, is characterized in that, wherein in step (3),
A. thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings, and refers to, early or mid April, and the rainy day removes between Yunnan rough gentian seedling overstocked for field, and reseeds on the bacterium pool after excavating rhizoma Gastrodiae by the Yunnan rough gentian seedling pulled;
B. weeding fertilising, refers to, early or mid May and mid or late August, pulls out weeds in field in time, and foliage-spray 2 ~ 3 times potassium dihydrogen phosphates, concentration is 800 ~ 1200 times;
C. cut bar to pass the winter, refer to, by the end of November to December, with mower or reaping hook, Yunnan rough gentian terrestrial stem stalk is cut off at overhead 4 ~ 5cm place.
3. the method for claim 1, wherein in step (4),
A. field management, refers to, summer, foliage-spray in autumn 2 ~ 3 times potassium dihydrogen phosphates, and concentration is 800 ~ 1200 times;
B. Yunnan rough gentian is gathered, and refers to, January in December to next year, gather in time Yunnan rough gentian seed and medicinal material.
4. the method for a kind of Wumeng Shan Mountain district gastrodia elata f. glauca as claimed in claim 3 and Yunnan rough gentian cover, crop rotation, it is characterized in that, wherein in step (4), described Yunnan Gentiana collecting method is: rhizome dries in the air to hand rubbing time half-dried and rubs epidermis and earth, dries after shaping.
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| CN107173031A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-09-19 | 金寨县云凡绿色中药材有限责任公司 | A kind of implantation methods of high yield rhizoma Gastrodiae |
| CN107821065A (en) * | 2017-11-18 | 2018-03-23 | 渠县金穗农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method of the planting rhizoma gastrodiae on hillside |
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| CN112840970B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2023-11-03 | 西南林业大学 | Large-area planting method and device for breaking continuous cropping obstacle of white-head hemp |
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