CN103563715B - A kind of Sand-stabilization culture method for outdoor grapes - Google Patents
A kind of Sand-stabilization culture method for outdoor grapes Download PDFInfo
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- CN103563715B CN103563715B CN201310523251.3A CN201310523251A CN103563715B CN 103563715 B CN103563715 B CN 103563715B CN 201310523251 A CN201310523251 A CN 201310523251A CN 103563715 B CN103563715 B CN 103563715B
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- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 title description 4
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 title description 4
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 101100136092 Drosophila melanogaster peng gene Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 description 29
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Fixed the sand cultural method the present invention relates to a kind of grape.Steps of the method are：1. digging field planting ditch, field planting ditch is arranged to east-west direction, and field planting ditch line-spacing should determine according to grape variety；± more than the 5cm of top layer 20 dug out topsoil leaves stand-by；2. backfill field planting ditch；3. grape transplanting stock, grapevine seedling is transplanted in centre position in field planting ditch, duplicate rows plant；4. the Nan Po and north slope of small tailo are set；5. make between in the ranks with drought resisting, cold-resistant, shade tolerant, the grass seeds of wear tolerance matter；After 6th step open country grape autumn undercarriages, grape main stem is put into field planting ditch along field planting ditch direction, is covered Peng's collodion quilt or 30 ± 5cm corn stalks for surviving the winter cold-proof thereon and is blackened film.Traditional open country vinegrowing posture is changed after the inventive method, vineyard unit area income can be greatly improved.Caused soil drifting during open country vinegrowing can effectively be reduced.
Description
Technical field
Fixed the sand cultural method the present invention relates to a kind of grape, more particularly, to a kind of Sand-stabilization culture method for outdoor grapes.
Background technology
Grape is worldwide fruit, is distributed in all over the world, after arranging citrus in fruit industry, row second, and China
It is an ancient country for having more than 2300 years vinegrowing history, area, yield row the second in the world, yield 854.89 ten thousand
Ton, 55.2 ten thousand hectares of area, Table Grape are even more to occupy No. 1 in the world, and China turns into grape big producer of the world.Grape
It is the major economic crops of NORTHWEST CHINA North China, is pillar of the local economy industry, is the main source of increasing peasant income, face
Product yield accounts for more than the 60% of the whole nation, is China main viny region and Suitable Area.Yet with the advantage producing region of China's grape
Safe overwintering is wanted in same area, open country grape, it is necessary to soil burial winter protection with desertification area, cold area.Winter-spring season, in order to bury soil
Cold-proof, vineyard will carry out soil and stir greatly, and be influenceed by traditional open country vinegrowing pattern, and open country grape is to bury soil anti-
Full Orchard Soil is intended to stir 2 times when cold, therefore the artificial artificial sand-dust source for having manufactured large area.This method devises open country Portugal
Grape are fixed the sand culturing and planting pattern and cultural method, and vineyard soil wind erosion quantity reduces 89%.
The content of the invention
The object of the invention is exactly to change traditional open country grape cultivation method, there is provided a kind of effectively to reduce open country vinegrowing
The Sand-stabilization culture method for outdoor grapes of caused soil drifting in journey.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that its technical problem is taken：A kind of grape of the present invention fixes the sand cultural method, its
Step is：
First step digs field planting ditch, and field planting ditch is arranged to east-west direction, ditch depth 1 ± 0.2m, wide 1 ± 0.2m, the length root of ditch
Depending on plot, field planting ditch line-spacing is 4-10 meters, and the specific ditch line-spacing that is colonized should determine according to grape variety；Dig out the table come
20 ± more than 5cm of layer topsoil leaves stand-by；
Second step backfill field planting ditches, it is first, mixed with lower part backfill away from 20~25cm of ditch top in the field planting ditch dug
Closing has the soil of fertilizer；Then irrigate, wait irrigation to finish and again return 20~more than the 25cm left in the first step topsoil
Fill out in field planting ditch；
3rd step grape transplanting stocks, grapevine seedling is transplanted double in centre position in field planting ditch, duplicate rows plant, Table Grape
0.4 ± 0.1m of line space, 0.7 ± 0.1m of spacing in the rows, field planting ditch line-spacing can use 6m, 8m, 10m line-spacing, vinifera field planting ditch
Line-spacing is 4~6m, 0.6 ± 0.1m of line-spacing, 1.5 ± 0.1m of spacing in the rows in ditch.
4th step sets the Nan Po and north slope of small tailo,（1）Nan Po is set：Ditch southern side will be colonized far from bottom vertical height
Repair at 20 ± 5cm and be not required for edge on Nan Po, Nan Po angle of inclination, along it on the upper edges of Nan Po and previous field planting ditch north slope
Between accomplish slope；（2）North slope is set：Will field planting ditch north side far from being repaiied at the 40 ± 5cm of vertical height of bottom as edge on north slope, north slope
Angle of inclination be 60 ± 5 °, accomplish slope between edge on edge and next field planting Gou Nan slopes on north slope.
5th step makees have drought resisting, cold-resistant, shade tolerant, the grass seeds of wear tolerance matter between in the ranks；Than if any Chinese small iris or small
Hat flower.Chinese small iris drilling, 15 ± 2cm of line-spacing, application rate are 5 ± 0.1kg/ mus.Facet syndrom drilling, 15 ± 2cm of line-spacing, application rate are
1 ± 0.1kg/ mus.
After 6th step open country grape autumn undercarriages, grape main stem is put into field planting ditch along field planting ditch direction, is covered thereon
Peng's collodion quilt or 30 ± 5cm corn stalks for surviving the winter cold-proof blacken film.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：, can be big using traditional open country vinegrowing posture is changed after the inventive method
It is big to improve vineyard unit area income.Caused soil drifting during open country vinegrowing can effectively be reduced.
Some check experiments to be carried out using the inventive method in Huailai viny region below.Respectively use this hair
After bright method and traditional cultivation mode to earth's surface wind erosion quantity with to Different Effects caused by the vertical sedimentary loading of earth's surface, see the table below 1,
2.The results showed using can be effectively protected earth's surface during the cultural method soil burial winter protection of the present invention that fixes the sand, under wind erosion quantity
Dropped 89%, make sedimentary loading in the vineyard earth's surface above 20cm height of Chinese small iris and facet syndrom reduce 55.3% respectively,
61.5%, sand-fixing effect is fairly obvious.
The different disposal earth's surface wind erosion quantity of table 1
The vertical sedimentary loading unit of the different disposal earth's surface of table 2：g
| Processing | 0~5cm | 5~10cm | 10~15cm | 15~20cm | It is total |
| Between make Chinese small iris | 1.0a | 2.5a | 2.5a | 1.2a | 7.2a |
| Between make facet syndrom | 0.8a | 2.0a | 2.2a | 1.2a | 6.2a |
| Traditional approach | 4.2b | 4.6b | 4.3b | 3b | 16.1b |
In table, the level of signifiance of lowercase letter 5% after numeral, similarly hereinafter.
Be shown in Table 3,4 be respectively using two kinds of Different treatments of the inventive method and traditional cultivation mode to fruit quality and
The experiment of the influence of the influence of single plant yield and two kinds of Different treatments to red earth growing state.It is research has shown that different
Planting type single fruit weight, fruit vertical and horizontal, soluble solid, single plant yield, ground diameter, the thick length of the tip that extends, extend the tip into
Significant difference is not present in the indexs such as ripe joint number（Table 3~4）, illustrate duplicate rows plant grape fix the sand the new posture of cultivation will not be to Portugal
The fruit quality and growing state of grape adversely affect, and due in unit area grape strain number fix the sand under cultivation mode
It it is 157 plants for 314 plants, under traditional mode so that the per mu yield under the cultivation mode that fixes the sand is higher by intimate one times of traditional mode.Cherishing
Come producing region, 3 years raw Red globe grape per mu yields of traditional cultivation posture are extremely difficult to 1500kg, change traditional cultivation posture with
Afterwards, using increasing number of plants per unit area so that the red earth per mu yield of life is rapidly reached 1500kg within 3 years, improves economic benefit.
The different disposal fruit quality of table 3 and single plant yield application form
The red earth growing state application form of the different disposal of table 4
| Processing | Ground diameter（mm） | Extend tip rugosity（mm） | Extend tip length（mm） | Extend tip maturation joint number |
| Traditional cultivation pattern | 36.2a | 16.3a | 143.3a | 18.6a |
| Fix the sand cultivation mode | 35.3a | 16.2a | 142.1a | 17.5a |
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that ditch schematic diagram is colonized described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is to be colonized ditch described in the embodiment of the present invention to backfill schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is that Table Grape is colonized schematic diagram described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that vinifera is colonized schematic diagram described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is that small tailo sets schematic diagram described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Embodiment
One embodiment of the invention grape fixes the sand cultural method, and its step is：
Step 1, as shown in figure 1, field planting ditch direction is dug to be east-west, the field planting ditch depth wide 1 ± 0.2m of 1 ± 0.2m, length
Depending on plot, top layer 20cm soil is separately put with underlying soil.
Step 2 as shown in Fig. 2 backfill when soil fertility it is high can every mu of ground apply 2 ± 0.5m3Cow dung, if fertilising power compared with
Apply 5 ± 0.5m in every mu of ground of sandy loam of difference3Cow dung, 5 ± 0.5m3Broken corn stalk, 100 ± 10kg phosphate fertilizer are mixed with soil and are backfilling into
20 ± below 5cm, are then irrigated, and are waited irrigation to finish and are again backfilled 20 ± 5cm topsoil.
Step 3, as shown in figs. 34, grape transplanting stock, by grape transplanting stock in centre position in ditch, the cultivation of Table Grape
Posture is frame, and Training system is the dry shaping of dragon, can use 6m, 8m, 10m line-spacing, is often colonized ditch and is colonized using duplicate rows, duplicate rows
0.4 ± 0.1m of spacing, 0.7 ± 0.1m of spacing in the rows, first of horizontal hair of grape bring up to 0.8 ± 0.1m, and vine shoot base portion is into ditch hectare
Oblique 45 ± 5 ° of restockings, the mode then climbing again, that is, tilt upper straight the mode climbed.Vinifera uses hedge frame, is colonized ditch
Line-spacing is 4~6m, and per ditch duplicate rows, 0.6 ± 0.1m of line-spacing in ditch, 1.5 ± 0.1m of spacing in the rows, grape is tree-like to use inverted L-shaped, forms knot
Fruit band, inter space, are easy to manage.
Step 4, as shown in figure 5, small tailo is set, field planting ditch bottom away from field planting Gou Nan slopes along vertical height 20cm, away from
It is 60 ± 5 ° away from earth's surface angle of inclination to be colonized on ditch north slope along 40 ± 5cm of vertical height, north slope.
Step 5, in the ranks between make drought resisting, cold-resistant, shade tolerant, the grass seeds Chinese small iris of resistance to trample or facet syndrom.Wherein Chinese small iris drilling
When, 15 ± 2cm of line-spacing, application rate is 5 ± 0.1kg/ mus.Broadcast 3~5cm of trench depth, 2~3cm of thickness of earth covering.Facet syndrom drilling
When, 15 ± 2cm of line-spacing, application rate is 1 ± 0.1kg/ mus.Broadcast 3~5cm of trench depth, 2~3cm of thickness of earth covering.
Step 6, after open country grape autumn undercarriage, grape main stem is put into field planting ditch along field planting ditch direction, covers Peng thereon
Collodion quilt, or 30 ± 5cm corn stalks blacken film.
Claims (1)
- The cultural method 1. a kind of grape fixes the sand, it is characterised in that this method step is as follows：First step digs field planting ditch, and field planting ditch is arranged to east-west direction, ditch depth 1 ± 0.2m, wide 1 ± 0.2m, the length base area of ditch Depending on block, field planting ditch line-spacing is 4-10 meters, and the specific ditch line-spacing that is colonized should determine according to grape variety；Dig out the top layer come 20cm soil leaves stand-by；Second step backfill field planting ditches, first, fertilizer is mixed with lower part backfill away from ditch top 20cm in the field planting ditch dug Soil；Then irrigate, wait irrigation to finish and the 20cm left in the first step topsoil is backfilling into field planting ditch again；3rd step grape transplanting stocks, grapevine seedling is transplanted in centre position in field planting ditch, duplicate rows plant；4th step sets the Nan Po and north slope of small tailo,（1）Nan Po is set：Will field planting ditch southern side far from bottom vertical height 20 ± Repair at 5cm and be not required for edge on Nan Po, Nan Po angle of inclination, repaiied on the upper edges of Nan Po and previous field planting ditch north slope between Sloping face；（2）North slope is set：Field planting ditch north side is inclined for edge on north slope, north slope far from being repaiied at the 40 ± 5cm of vertical height of bottom Rake angle is 60 ± 5 °, accomplishes slope between on edge and next field planting Gou Nan slopes on north slope；5th step makees have drought resisting, cold-resistant, shade tolerant, the grass seeds Chinese small iris of wear tolerance matter or facet syndrom between in the ranks：Chinese small iris bar Broadcast, 15 ± 2cm of line-spacing, application rate is 5 ± 0.1kg/ mus；Facet syndrom drilling, 15 ± 2cm of line-spacing, application rate are 1 ± 0.1kg/ Mu；After 6th step open country grape autumn undercarriages, grape main stem is put into field planting ditch along field planting ditch direction, covers be used for thereon Peng's collodion quilt or 30 ± 5cm corn stalks for surviving the winter cold-proof blacken film.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104012360B (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2016-03-09 | 遵义市李龙基葡萄种植农民专业合作社 | A kind of without the real native cultivation method of rattan grape |
| CN104012361B (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2016-01-13 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | A kind of method preventing the soil liquid manure loss when gravel soil ground cultivating grape |
| CN104429795B (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2017-01-18 | 新兴际华伊犁农牧科技发展有限公司 | Method for planting grapes in northwest arid region |
| CN104762948B (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2016-08-24 | 冉永军 | Fructus Vitis viniferae is mixed hands over solid cultivation desertification control method |
| CN106258780A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2017-01-04 | 唐秀克 | High-yield viticulture method |
| CN106962126A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-07-21 | 宾川县华侨庄园农业科技开发有限公司 | Plateau rose honey and grape plantation bar formula control method for root |
| CN111557207A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-08-21 | 刘丽媛 | Improvement method of small greenhouse frame of Turpan grapes |
| CN111418433A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-07-17 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Special tree form for protected cultivation of grape difficult to flower and cultivation method |
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