CN103563638A - Taxus chinensis var mairei artificial propagation technology - Google Patents
Taxus chinensis var mairei artificial propagation technology Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a taxus chinensis var mairei artificial propagation technology, and belongs to the scientific and technological field of rare plant protection. The taxus chinensis var mairei artificial propagation technology aims to solve the problems that taxus chinensis var mairei is complicated in growth characteristic, low in growth speed under natural conditions and poor in regeneration capacity. Through countless tests for many years, taxus chinensis var mairei artificial propagation key indicators are captured, the survival rate, the propagation speed and the growth speed of taxus chinensis var mairei seedlings are improved, and the taxus chinensis var mairei artificial propagation technology is made to reach the domestic advanced level, wherein a hard-branch mass production type cutting technology fills up a provincial blank.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of southern enqlish yew artificial propagation techniques.
Background technology
Chinese yew be generally acknowledge in the world be on the brink of extinction rare plants for anticancer, and southern enqlish yew be Subtropic of China to one of warm temperate zone endemic tree, originating in areas to the south, China Yangtze river basin ， China is first class of protection plant.Chinese yew is the advanced industrial and engraving material of high-quality, graceful town and country Landscape Trees, good biopesticide preparation raw material, stem, branch, leaf, root can be used as medicine, main component, containing taxol, taxine, diterpenoids compound and Sciadopitysin, volatilization wet goods, is known as eucalyptus, plant giant panda.Integrate that medical value, afforestation value, biopesticide are worth, material is worth for high-quality, has high value of exploiting and utilizing.In recent years along with Chinese yew, the particularly continuous increase of the day by day deficient and taxol demand of wild taxus resource, people take up to plant by work post the crisis of resource that solves Chinese yew.4,000,000 strains have been planted by the BMS company of the U.S. in 1991, within 1992 and 1993, respectively planted again 1,000 ten thousand strain seedling, for after 2-3 for extracting taxol.Since early 1990s, Chinese scholar has just been carried out Primary Study to aspects such as the biological property of Chinese yew, the Rule of Geographical Distribution, annidation, Population Ecologicals, the provinces such as Sichuan, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang have all carried out scientific research support to the artificial planting techniques such as cuttage root-taking of Chinese yew in " eight or five ", the enforcement period of the ninth five-year plan, and the technical elements of China's Chinese yew artificial planting has been obtained certain effect at present.The Research Literature of domestic relevant Chinese yew artificial cultivation technique approximately has more than 100 pieces.Except Xizang Taxus chinensis, all the other each kinds have relevant tame documents and materials, mainly with the master that is reported as of taking root and improving the aspects such as survival rate who promotes cuttage branch, to relating to the accumulation dynamic of the active ingredient such as taxol in the directive breeding Chinese yew of high-load Chinese yew propagating materials, and the envirment factor such as light, temperature, water, fertilizer is to the deep research such as influence degree of active constituent content rarely seen report also.Aspect artificial planting, although cuttage technique research has all been carried out in various places, mostly under test, the Chinese yew raw material planting base that can meet industrialization needs is not also a lot.The annidation feature of Yew cuttage nursery stock, the envirment factors such as light, temperature, water, fertilizer on the accumulation dynamic of the impact mechanism of content of taxol, active ingredient, gather and the deep research of aspect shortage system such as storaging and transport technology.In the seed selection of cottage propagation material, also only rest on and find good population (population) as adopting fringe maternal plant in addition, lack the directive breeding to high-load Chinese yew propagating materials (individual plant).
Summary of the invention
For solving above-mentioned existing shortcoming, main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of southern enqlish yew artificial propagation techniques of practicality, solve the southern enqlish yew difficult problem that growth rate is slow under field conditions (factors), regeneration capacity is poor, formed from southern enqlish yew grow seedlings, plantation, field management be to the artificial propagation supporting technology of the links such as cultivation afforestation, plant percent is by 25% original left and right, brings up to present more than 90%.
For reaching above-described object, a kind of southern enqlish yew artificial propagation techniques of the present invention is taked following technical scheme:
An artificial propagation techniques, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A: seed collecting vernalization, seed collecting Best Times is mid or late October, the seed of gathering when fruit is peony, after gathering, seed and ash are mixed in the ratio of 1:10, pack Nylon Bag sealing 1 day into, connect next day after bag immersion, wearing galosh steps on, step on and planting grey mixture, pour in sieve and clean with clear water afterwards, remove covering of a seed and ash, select in the shade dry not chaor to dig pit, in hole, spread laminin sand, seed is mixed after carbendazim sterilization, with in element is husky, in the ratio of 1:2, mixes and pack in hole, covered with plastic film insulation, this seed belongs to physiology after-ripening, need to could germinate through the wet husky storage in two one summers of winter,
B: preparing seedbed, become seedbed (3 row, every row long 30 meters consolidation in booth the end of the year, wide 1.2 meters, high approximately 15 centimetres), with plate, make real (preventing length under seedling root, convenient transplanting later), laying element is husky above, thick approximately 10 centimetres, basic unit paves and with carbendazol, sparges bed surface afterwards, sealing a period of time, wherein mainly hold the allotment of medium of seedling bed, meet the needs of seed and seedling growth;
C: begin sowing in good time, annual sowing in March, after two one summers of winter of seed storage, while having 25% seed breach now white (too much unsuitable, to prevent from touching disconnected plumule during sowing), sifting out in time seed is placed in carbendazim solution and sterilizes a few minutes, with clear water, rinse well again, dry open fire after uniform broadcasting on seedbed, cover again a laminin above husky, thickness is advisable to lose seed, waters permeable overlay film (sprinkling irrigation);
D: cuttage and seedling culture, April, selecting the age of tree is elite stand in 10 years above, clip then semi-lignified branch is done cutting, from cutting, cut cuttings, cuttings base portion is cut into oblique flat shape, tear off bottom branch blade, after managing cuttings base portion, be bundled into wisp, base portion is entered No. ABT1 or No. 3 rooting powder solutions (first dissolve with alcohol, be watered again) middle half a day, seedling bed temperature, humidity is controlled at respectively 25 ℃ and 80% left and right, during excess Temperature, ventilate in time, when humidity is too low, spray water in good time, matrix keeps moisture state, must guard against ponding, control cuttings drug concentration, the configuration proportion of root-growing agent and bactericide, on timber, follow closely at a certain distance nail, on seedbed, punch, along cutting hole, insert cuttings bar until blade place, stick with after a row, with carbendazim solution, spray to cutting hole and cuttings heading line off, at once cover film is on little shed, coverage shading net on frame, light transmittance is about 40%, after 30-40 days, can take root, and note timely weeding, each spraying of two every mornings in season of autumn in summer once, each about 10-15 minute, with surface, there is not Bai Weidu, during arid, in conjunction with fertilising, spray water, Fertilizer application become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer water or night soil, thin fertile duty is executed, vegetative period every first quarter moon once, to promote growth, cuttage seeding is in First Year rooting process, aerial growth is slow, but take root rapidly, lateral root is flourishing, after Second Year is transplanted, must continue to shade, strengthen seedbed management, its growth in summer is very fast, spring and autumn is slow, should pay close attention in time variations in temperature, long-term being dried can cause growth inhibition or sudden death, after seedling is held up and strengthens, southern enqlish yew is seldom dead, and growth rapidly,
E: field management, sow after 30 days, seedling all sprouts substantially, first shade, light transmittance is about 50%, weeding in vegetative period is loosened the soil and is about monthly 3 times, take uprooting weed between strain, weeding is early suitable and little, large grass roots is many, while pulling out, be easily with the soil of emerging, to pin nursery stock uprooting weed again with two fingers, for improving plant percent and growth rate, to apply fertilizer in good time and water, fertilising 5-6 times/year, at the beginning of 5 months, execute the oil cake rich water becoming thoroughly decomposed, at the beginning of 6 months, execute a small amount of urea liquid, execute cake fertilizer water 7 the end of month, on September, respectively execute urea dilution the last ten-days period one time, at the beginning of 10 months, execute a small amount of potash fertilizer, impel nursery stock lignification early, to improve the antifreeze cold tolerance of nursery stock, watered permeable once every 7 days summer, the seedling initial stage be must guard against ponding, ponding easily causes seedlings root breathing to be obstructed and rotten death, plantation ground planted agent's draining dredging and furrow face are smooth, seedling growth stage, keep in ditch without ponding, the existing Bai Miao of effects on surface seedbed watering in time, each spraying two morning and afternoons every day in season of autumn in summer once, each 10-15 minute, while coming up, to its leaf positive and negative and stem spray week about import topsin or carbendazim solution, two kinds of medicines are used alternatingly (being for 3 times 1 cycle), and prevent and treat soil insect with the tiger spraying that picks up, weeding is loosened the soil, nursery stock is topdressed in earlier stage with nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer is main, with night soil, add a small amount of urea configuration, monthly 2 times, stop October applying fertilizer and removing shading screen, nursery stock reach two leaves wholeheartedly after, carry out nursery stock transplanting, after transplanting, with carbendazim solution, irrigate, the 6-10 month continues to set up shading shed to leaving seedbed, timely surrounding weeds, strengthen thin and weak seedling management, Second Year carries out garden by southern enqlish yew nursery stock and transplants, seeding row spacing is 40 centimetres of 25 cm x, take shading shed, light transmittance is about 60%, growth cycle weeding is loosened the soil, monthly 1 time, fertilising in 1 year 4-5 time, execute the cake fertilizer water becoming thoroughly decomposed 4 the end of month, in 6 months, execute urea liquid, execute cake fertilizer water 7 the end of month, execute urea dilution September one time, at the beginning of 10 months, execute a small amount of potash fertilizer, impel nursery stock lignification early, to improve the antifreeze cold tolerance of nursery stock, the 3rd year do not need to shade (hardening), vegetative period, weeding was loosened the soil, monthly once, in line-spacing, ditch, approximately 18 centimetres of ditch depths, wide 10 centimetres, apply the oil cake becoming thoroughly decomposed fertile, earthing lid is flat, execute a small amount of composite fertilizer June, be a small amount of potash fertilizer October,
F: the extermination of disease and insect pest, southern enqlish yew Major Diseases in seedling stage is dampinged off extremely, root rot, leaf blight and southern blight, calamity worm mainly contains earthworm, cutworm, grub, spider and aphid etc., dead and the root rot of dampinging off can be prevented and treated with carbendazim or topsin solution, every control in 1 week 1 time, continuous 3 times, can suppress virus diffusion spreads, even if pulling out diseased plant burns on the spot, southern blight started at the beginning of 6 months, July is prevailing when temperature rises to 30 ℃, temperature peak during up to 35 ℃, stop 9 the end of month, prophylactico-therapeutic measures: strengthen management, dredge ditch water discharge, weed with a hoe in time, applying organic manure, to impel seedling growth healthy and strong, strengthen resistance against diseases, after nursery stock morbidity, clear up in time diseased plant, fallen leaves and infection matrix, adopting 5 chloramines nitrobenzene to mix yellow soil spills and executes, seedbed can prevent and treat nursery stock southern blight effectively,
G: cultivation afforestation, soil requires: soil layer is deep fertile, venting and water permeable, illumination is sufficient, nursery stock requires: the nursery stock of selecting grow fine above for 2 years, dig pit: the standard by 1 mu of ground 160 strain is digged pit, hole size is advisable to be conducive to plant plantation, plantation: in early spring winter Mo, soak root plant after half a day with No. ABT1 or No. 3 rooting powder solutions, require to want that root is easypro, seedling just, having peace of mind, after cultivation, with carbendazim solution, irrigate maintenance: weeding is loosened the soil, cut down weeds and cover (water conservation, getting fat) around tree root, suitably water the first year in conjunction with fertilising, should not be partially dry;
H: the branches and leaves of gathering, plant after 3 years, the branches and leaves of can gathering the whole year, but according to the accumulation of active constituent content, with spray, Lao Ye, for well, optimal harvest time is October, fresh leaf can be spread out to ventilate and dries in the shade or dry.
Described steps A can also be processed seed by temperature control method, the seed of gathering with the emerge in worm water of 45 ℃ after one day, put into dustpan, then sooner or later use each sprinkling of warm water 1 time of 40 ℃ every day, within 3 days, take out afterwards, select in the shade dry not chaor to dig pit, in hole, spread laminin sand, seed is mixed after carbendazim sterilization, with in element is husky, in the ratio of 1:2, mixes and pack in hole, covered with plastic film insulation, stir up and down once noon every day, and drench a small amount of water, it is heated evenly, be conducive to germinate, take out March next year, with alcohol and 45 ℃ of warm water (1:2), soak and unexpectedly plant half an hour, pull out and with gibberellin, soak seed by a certain percentage 1 day afterwards, with breaking dormancy, improve emergence rate, approximately through vernalization in 10 days, approximately there is 25% seed germination, can sow.
Described step D analyzes by experiment, and (1) medium of seedling bed should be light and will be beneficial to draining, and polypots seedling raising and transplanting is convenient, but is unfavorable for venting and water permeable, and can not absorb soil composition after surviving, and opposing damage by disease and insect is indifferent, poor growth; (2) root-growing agent can promote that plant early takes root, raw strong root, and bactericide can be removed matrix root bacterium in time, is conducive to plant and grows up healthy and sound; (3), within seed storage water content rests in certain standard, be conducive to improve germination rate; (4) seedbed temp. and humidity is higher, easily causes cuttings rot and burn, and too low cuttings is not taken root, and seed does not germinate.
When described step F southern enqlish yew seedling generation damping off, root rot and leaf blight, also available 5% alum liquid pours and spills root, after 3 hours, use clear water shower, 1 day 1 time, hypopathia 2-3 time, grave illness 5-7 time, finds that earthworm, cutworm, grub are calamity, the available tiger spraying control soil insect that picks up, spider, aphid can be sprayed control with class agricultural chemicals such as dichlorvos, Rogor.
Adopt as above the present invention of technical scheme, there is following beneficial effect:
1, effectively protect the diversity of ecological resources living species, safeguarded balance of nature development;
2, for extracting pharmaceutical paclitaxel, furnish ample material, allow more cancer patients can rehabilitation, alleviate ailing torment;
3, developing industry, promotes local economic development level, is conducive to strengthen strength, creates more jobs, improves idea, promotes humanistic quality, promotes new socialist countryside and socialism well-off society and construction of harmonious society;
4, by development, protect resource in limited southern enqlish yew tree, natural biology diversity and wild first class of protection Tree Species Resources are protected;
5, by artificial propagation, technicalization, industrialization development development, expanded rapidly resource increment, formed the fairly large professional base with thering is deep ecological culture intension, expanded on the basis of germ plasm resource, gene pool increment, a nearly step promotes Scientific Research and Teaching ability, enrich yew industry development result, for the development of national ecological construction and ecological culture is contributed, simultaneously by project construction, improve forest coverage and forest structure quality, make forestry ecoculture obtain prosperity.
Embodiment
To the present invention, be described further by embodiment below, the description of these embodiment is not that content of the present invention is limited.One skilled in the art will understand that the replacement that is equal to that content of the present invention is done, or improve accordingly, within still belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment mono-
A kind of southern enqlish yew artificial propagation techniques, comprise the following steps: A: seed collecting vernalization, seed collecting Best Times is mid or late October, the seed of gathering when fruit is peony, after gathering, seed and ash are mixed in the ratio of 1:10, pack Nylon Bag sealing 1 day into, connect next day after bag immersion, wearing galosh steps on, step on and planting grey mixture, pour in sieve and clean with clear water afterwards, remove covering of a seed and ash, select in the shade dry not chaor to dig pit, in hole, spread laminin sand, seed is mixed after carbendazim sterilization, with in element is husky, in the ratio of 1:2, mixes and pack in hole, covered with plastic film insulation, this seed belongs to physiology after-ripening, need to could germinate through the wet husky storage in two one summers of winter, B: preparing seedbed, become seedbed (3 row, every row long 30 meters consolidation in booth the end of the year, wide 1.2 meters, high approximately 15 centimetres), with plate, make real (preventing length under seedling root, convenient transplanting later), laying element is husky above, thick approximately 10 centimetres, basic unit paves and with carbendazol, sparges bed surface afterwards, sealing a period of time, wherein mainly hold the allotment of medium of seedling bed, meet the needs of seed and seedling growth, C: begin sowing in good time, annual sowing in March, after two one summers of winter of seed storage, while having 25% seed breach now white (too much unsuitable, to prevent from touching disconnected plumule during sowing), sifting out in time seed is placed in carbendazim solution and sterilizes a few minutes, with clear water, rinse well again, dry open fire after uniform broadcasting on seedbed, cover again a laminin above husky, thickness is advisable to lose seed, waters permeable overlay film (sprinkling irrigation), D: cuttage and seedling culture, April, selecting the age of tree is elite stand in 10 years above, clip then semi-lignified branch is done cutting, from cutting, cut cuttings, cuttings base portion is cut into oblique flat shape, tear off bottom branch blade, after managing cuttings base portion, be bundled into wisp, base portion is entered No. ABT1 or No. 3 rooting powder solutions (first dissolve with alcohol, be watered again) middle half a day, seedling bed temperature, humidity is controlled at respectively 25 ℃ and 80% left and right, during excess Temperature, ventilate in time, when humidity is too low, spray water in good time, matrix keeps moisture state, must guard against ponding, control cuttings drug concentration, the configuration proportion of root-growing agent and bactericide, on timber, follow closely at a certain distance nail, on seedbed, punch, along cutting hole, insert cuttings bar until blade place, stick with after a row, with carbendazim solution, spray to cutting hole and cuttings heading line off, at once cover film is on little shed, coverage shading net on frame, light transmittance is about 40%, after 30-40 days, can take root, and note timely weeding, each spraying of two every mornings in season of autumn in summer once, each about 10-15 minute, with surface, there is not Bai Weidu, during arid, in conjunction with fertilising, spray water, Fertilizer application become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer water or night soil, thin fertile duty is executed, vegetative period every first quarter moon once, to promote growth, cuttage seeding is in First Year rooting process, aerial growth is slow, but take root rapidly, lateral root is flourishing, after Second Year is transplanted, must continue to shade, strengthen seedbed management, its growth in summer is very fast, spring and autumn is slow, should pay close attention in time variations in temperature, long-term being dried can cause growth inhibition or sudden death, after seedling is held up and strengthens, southern enqlish yew is seldom dead, and growth rapidly, E: field management, sow after 30 days, seedling all sprouts substantially, first shade, light transmittance is about 50%, weeding in vegetative period is loosened the soil and is about monthly 3 times, take uprooting weed between strain, weeding is early suitable and little, large grass roots is many, while pulling out, be easily with the soil of emerging, to pin nursery stock uprooting weed again with two fingers, for improving plant percent and growth rate, to apply fertilizer in good time and water, fertilising 5-6 times/year, at the beginning of 5 months, execute the oil cake rich water becoming thoroughly decomposed, at the beginning of 6 months, execute a small amount of urea liquid, execute cake fertilizer water 7 the end of month, on September, respectively execute urea dilution the last ten-days period one time, at the beginning of 10 months, execute a small amount of potash fertilizer, impel nursery stock lignification early, to improve the antifreeze cold tolerance of nursery stock, watered permeable once every 7 days summer, the seedling initial stage be must guard against ponding, ponding easily causes seedlings root breathing to be obstructed and rotten death, plantation ground planted agent's draining dredging and furrow face are smooth, seedling growth stage, keep in ditch without ponding, the existing Bai Miao of effects on surface seedbed watering in time, each spraying two morning and afternoons every day in season of autumn in summer once, each 10-15 minute, while coming up, to its leaf positive and negative and stem spray week about import topsin or carbendazim solution, two kinds of medicines are used alternatingly (being for 3 times 1 cycle), and prevent and treat soil insect with the tiger spraying that picks up, weeding is loosened the soil, nursery stock is topdressed in earlier stage with nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer is main, with night soil, add a small amount of urea configuration, monthly 2 times, stop October applying fertilizer and removing shading screen, nursery stock reach two leaves wholeheartedly after, carry out nursery stock transplanting, after transplanting, with carbendazim solution, irrigate, the 6-10 month continues to set up shading shed to leaving seedbed, timely surrounding weeds, strengthen thin and weak seedling management, Second Year carries out garden by southern enqlish yew nursery stock and transplants, seeding row spacing is 40 centimetres of 25 cm x, take shading shed, light transmittance is about 60%, growth cycle weeding is loosened the soil, monthly 1 time, fertilising in 1 year 4-5 time, execute the cake fertilizer water becoming thoroughly decomposed 4 the end of month, in 6 months, execute urea liquid, execute cake fertilizer water 7 the end of month, execute urea dilution September one time, at the beginning of 10 months, execute a small amount of potash fertilizer, impel nursery stock lignification early, to improve the antifreeze cold tolerance of nursery stock, the 3rd year do not need to shade (hardening), vegetative period, weeding was loosened the soil, monthly once, in line-spacing, ditch, approximately 18 centimetres of ditch depths, wide 10 centimetres, apply the oil cake becoming thoroughly decomposed fertile, earthing lid is flat, execute a small amount of composite fertilizer June, be a small amount of potash fertilizer October, F: the extermination of disease and insect pest, southern enqlish yew Major Diseases in seedling stage is dampinged off extremely, root rot, leaf blight and southern blight, calamity worm mainly contains earthworm, cutworm, grub, spider and aphid etc., dead and the root rot of dampinging off can be prevented and treated with carbendazim or topsin solution, every control in 1 week 1 time, continuous 3 times, can suppress virus diffusion spreads, even if pulling out diseased plant burns on the spot, southern blight started at the beginning of 6 months, July is prevailing when temperature rises to 30 ℃, temperature peak during up to 35 ℃, stop 9 the end of month, prophylactico-therapeutic measures: strengthen management, dredge ditch water discharge, weed with a hoe in time, applying organic manure, to impel seedling growth healthy and strong, strengthen resistance against diseases, after nursery stock morbidity, clear up in time diseased plant, fallen leaves and infection matrix, adopting 5 chloramines nitrobenzene to mix yellow soil spills and executes, seedbed can prevent and treat nursery stock southern blight effectively, G: cultivation afforestation, soil requires: soil layer is deep fertile, venting and water permeable, illumination is sufficient, nursery stock requires: the nursery stock of selecting grow fine above for 2 years, dig pit: the standard by 1 mu of ground 160 strain is digged pit, hole size is advisable to be conducive to plant plantation, plantation: in early spring winter Mo, soak root plant after half a day with No. ABT1 or No. 3 rooting powder solutions, require to want that root is easypro, seedling just, having peace of mind, after cultivation, with carbendazim solution, irrigate maintenance: weeding is loosened the soil, cut down weeds and cover (water conservation, getting fat) around tree root, suitably water the first year in conjunction with fertilising, should not be partially dry, H: the branches and leaves of gathering, plant after 3 years, the branches and leaves of can gathering the whole year, but according to the accumulation of active constituent content, with spray, Lao Ye, for well, optimal harvest time is October, fresh leaf can be spread out to ventilate and dries in the shade or dry.
Embodiment bis-
A kind of southern enqlish yew artificial propagation techniques, comprise the following steps: A: seed collecting vernalization, seed collecting Best Times is mid or late October, the seed of gathering when fruit is peony, after gathering, the seed of gathering with the emerge in worm water of 45 ℃ after one day, put into dustpan, then sooner or later use each sprinkling of warm water 1 time of 40 ℃ every day, within 3 days, take out afterwards, select in the shade dry not chaor to dig pit, in hole, spread laminin sand, seed is mixed after carbendazim sterilization, with in element is husky, in the ratio of 1:2, mixes and pack in hole, covered with plastic film insulation, stir up and down once noon every day, and drench a small amount of water, it is heated evenly, be conducive to germinate, take out March next year, with alcohol and 45 ℃ of warm water (1:2), soak and unexpectedly plant half an hour, pull out and with gibberellin, soak seed by a certain percentage 1 day afterwards, with breaking dormancy, improve emergence rate, approximately through vernalization in 10 days, approximately there is 25% seed germination, can sow, B: preparing seedbed, become seedbed (3 row, every row long 30 meters consolidation in booth the end of the year, wide 1.2 meters, high approximately 15 centimetres), with plate, make real (preventing length under seedling root, convenient transplanting later), laying element is husky above, thick approximately 10 centimetres, basic unit paves and with carbendazol, sparges bed surface afterwards, sealing a period of time, wherein mainly hold the allotment of medium of seedling bed, meet the needs of seed and seedling growth, C: begin sowing in good time, annual sowing in March, after two one summers of winter of seed storage, while having 25% seed breach now white (too much unsuitable, to prevent from touching disconnected plumule during sowing), sifting out in time seed is placed in carbendazim solution and sterilizes a few minutes, with clear water, rinse well again, dry open fire after uniform broadcasting on seedbed, cover again a laminin above husky, thickness is advisable to lose seed, waters permeable overlay film (sprinkling irrigation), D: cuttage and seedling culture, April, selecting the age of tree is elite stand in 10 years above, clip then semi-lignified branch is done cutting, from cutting, cut cuttings, cuttings base portion is cut into oblique flat shape, tear off bottom branch blade, after managing cuttings base portion, be bundled into wisp, base portion is entered No. ABT1 or No. 3 rooting powder solutions (first dissolve with alcohol, be watered again) middle half a day, seedling bed temperature, humidity is controlled at respectively 25 ℃ and 80% left and right, during excess Temperature, ventilate in time, when humidity is too low, spray water in good time, matrix keeps moisture state, must guard against ponding, control cuttings drug concentration, the configuration proportion of root-growing agent and bactericide, on timber, follow closely at a certain distance nail, on seedbed, punch, along cutting hole, insert cuttings bar until blade place, stick with after a row, with carbendazim solution, spray to cutting hole and cuttings heading line off, at once cover film is on little shed, coverage shading net on frame, light transmittance is about 40%, after 30-40 days, can take root, and note timely weeding, each spraying of two every mornings in season of autumn in summer once, each about 10-15 minute, with surface, there is not Bai Weidu, during arid, in conjunction with fertilising, spray water, Fertilizer application become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer water or night soil, thin fertile duty is executed, vegetative period every first quarter moon once, to promote growth, cuttage seeding is in First Year rooting process, aerial growth is slow, but take root rapidly, lateral root is flourishing, after Second Year is transplanted, must continue to shade, strengthen seedbed management, its growth in summer is very fast, spring and autumn is slow, should pay close attention in time variations in temperature, long-term being dried can cause growth inhibition or sudden death, after seedling is held up and strengthens, southern enqlish yew is seldom dead, and growth rapidly, E: field management, sow after 30 days, seedling all sprouts substantially, first shade, light transmittance is about 50%, weeding in vegetative period is loosened the soil and is about monthly 3 times, take uprooting weed between strain, weeding is early suitable and little, large grass roots is many, while pulling out, be easily with the soil of emerging, to pin nursery stock uprooting weed again with two fingers, for improving plant percent and growth rate, to apply fertilizer in good time and water, fertilising 5-6 times/year, at the beginning of 5 months, execute the oil cake rich water becoming thoroughly decomposed, at the beginning of 6 months, execute a small amount of urea liquid, execute cake fertilizer water 7 the end of month, on September, respectively execute urea dilution the last ten-days period one time, at the beginning of 10 months, execute a small amount of potash fertilizer, impel nursery stock lignification early, to improve the antifreeze cold tolerance of nursery stock, watered permeable once every 7 days summer, the seedling initial stage be must guard against ponding, ponding easily causes seedlings root breathing to be obstructed and rotten death, plantation ground planted agent's draining dredging and furrow face are smooth, seedling growth stage, keep in ditch without ponding, the existing Bai Miao of effects on surface seedbed watering in time, each spraying two morning and afternoons every day in season of autumn in summer once, each 10-15 minute, while coming up, to its leaf positive and negative and stem spray week about import topsin or carbendazim solution, two kinds of medicines are used alternatingly (being for 3 times 1 cycle), and prevent and treat soil insect with the tiger spraying that picks up, weeding is loosened the soil, nursery stock is topdressed in earlier stage with nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer is main, with night soil, add a small amount of urea configuration, monthly 2 times, stop October applying fertilizer and removing shading screen, nursery stock reach two leaves wholeheartedly after, carry out nursery stock transplanting, after transplanting, with carbendazim solution, irrigate, the 6-10 month continues to set up shading shed to leaving seedbed, timely surrounding weeds, strengthen thin and weak seedling management, Second Year carries out garden by southern enqlish yew nursery stock and transplants, seeding row spacing is 40 centimetres of 25 cm x, take shading shed, light transmittance is about 60%, growth cycle weeding is loosened the soil, monthly 1 time, fertilising in 1 year 4-5 time, execute the cake fertilizer water becoming thoroughly decomposed 4 the end of month, in 6 months, execute urea liquid, execute cake fertilizer water 7 the end of month, execute urea dilution September one time, at the beginning of 10 months, execute a small amount of potash fertilizer, impel nursery stock lignification early, to improve the antifreeze cold tolerance of nursery stock, the 3rd year do not need to shade (hardening), vegetative period, weeding was loosened the soil, monthly once, in line-spacing, ditch, approximately 18 centimetres of ditch depths, wide 10 centimetres, apply the oil cake becoming thoroughly decomposed fertile, earthing lid is flat, execute a small amount of composite fertilizer June, be a small amount of potash fertilizer October, F: the extermination of disease and insect pest, southern enqlish yew seedling generation damping off, when root rot and leaf blight, available 5% alum liquid pours and spills root, after 3 hours, use clear water shower, 1 day 1 time, hypopathia 2-3 time, grave illness 5-7 time, find earthworm, cutworm, grub is calamity, the available tiger spraying control soil insect that picks up, spider, aphid can be used dichlorvos, the class agricultural chemicals such as Rogor are sprayed control, prophylactico-therapeutic measures: strengthen management, dredge ditch water discharge, weed with a hoe in time, applying organic manure, to impel seedling growth healthy and strong, strengthen resistance against diseases, after nursery stock morbidity, clear up in time diseased plant, fallen leaves and infection matrix, adopting 5 chloramines nitrobenzene to mix yellow soil spills and executes, seedbed can prevent and treat nursery stock southern blight effectively, G: cultivation afforestation, soil requires: soil layer is deep fertile, venting and water permeable, illumination is sufficient, nursery stock requires: the nursery stock of selecting grow fine above for 2 years, dig pit: the standard by 1 mu of ground 160 strain is digged pit, hole size is advisable to be conducive to plant plantation, plantation: in early spring winter Mo, soak root plant after half a day with No. ABT1 or No. 3 rooting powder solutions, require to want that root is easypro, seedling just, having peace of mind, after cultivation, with carbendazim solution, irrigate maintenance: weeding is loosened the soil, cut down weeds and cover (water conservation, getting fat) around tree root, suitably water the first year in conjunction with fertilising, should not be partially dry, H: the branches and leaves of gathering, plant after 3 years, the branches and leaves of can gathering the whole year, but according to the accumulation of active constituent content, with spray, Lao Ye, for well, optimal harvest time is October, fresh leaf can be spread out to ventilate and dries in the shade or dry.
A kind of southern enqlish yew artificial propagation techniques of the present invention, analyzes by experiment, sums up: (1) medium of seedling bed should be light and will be beneficial to draining, polypots seedling raising and transplanting is convenient, but is unfavorable for venting and water permeable, and can not absorb soil composition after surviving, opposing damage by disease and insect is indifferent, poor growth; (2) root-growing agent can promote that plant early takes root, raw strong root, and bactericide can be removed matrix root bacterium in time, is conducive to plant and grows up healthy and sound; (3), within seed storage water content rests in certain standard, be conducive to improve germination rate; (4) seedbed temp. and humidity is higher, easily causes cuttings rot and burn, and too low cuttings is not taken root, and seed does not germinate.Innovation point of the present invention: the condition that 1, has searched out Germination of Taxus mairei Seeds, solve a difficult problem for Chinese yew seed germination difficulty: the one, water content while controlling storage: be respectively 25%, 15% and 10% left and right the 10-12 month, the next year 1-12 month is about 8%, sowing precontract the coming year is 35%, storage period is about 18 months, and two seasons of autumn in summer are monthly stirred seed 2 times; The 2nd, reasonable disposition medium of seedling bed.2, find best Cutting conditions, improve the survival rate of cuttage seeding: the one, cutting medium preparation and sterilization: consolidation in booth is become to seedbed (3 row, long 30 meters of every row, wide 1.2 meters, high approximately 15 centimetres), with plate, make real (long to prevent on root system, after convenient, transplant), above laying element husky, thick approximately 10 centimetres, basic unit paves and with carbendazol, sparges bed surface afterwards, sealing a period of time; The 2nd, the selection of cutting and processing, April, selecting the age of tree is elite stand in 10 years above, clip then semi-lignified branch is done cutting, from cutting, cuts cuttings, and cuttings base portion is cut into oblique flat shape, tear off bottom branch blade, after managing cuttings base portion, be bundled into wisp, base portion is entered No. ABT1 or No. 3 rooting powder solutions (first dissolve with alcohol, then be watered) in half a day; The 3rd, slotting machine cuttage seeding bed Temperature and Humidity Control, seedling bed temperature, humidity are controlled at respectively 25 ℃ and 80% left and right, during excess Temperature, ventilate in time, when humidity is too low, spray water in good time, and matrix keeps moisture state, must guard against ponding.3, sum up Chinese yew seedling replanting, the requirement of management to water, fertilizer and the extermination of disease and insect pest, improves the growth rate of nursery stock greatly.
Claims (4)
1. a southern enqlish yew artificial propagation techniques, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A: seed collecting vernalization, seed collecting Best Times is mid or late October, the seed of gathering when fruit is peony, after gathering, seed and ash are mixed in the ratio of 1:10, pack Nylon Bag sealing 1 day into, connect next day after bag immersion, wearing galosh steps on, step on and planting grey mixture, pour in sieve and clean with clear water afterwards, remove covering of a seed and ash, select in the shade dry not chaor to dig pit, in hole, spread laminin sand, seed is mixed after carbendazim sterilization, with in element is husky, in the ratio of 1:2, mixes and pack in hole, covered with plastic film insulation, this seed belongs to physiology after-ripening, need to could germinate through the wet husky storage in two one summers of winter,
B: preparing seedbed, become seedbed (3 row, every row long 30 meters consolidation in booth the end of the year, wide 1.2 meters, high approximately 15 centimetres), with plate, make real (preventing length under seedling root, convenient transplanting later), laying element is husky above, thick approximately 10 centimetres, basic unit paves and with carbendazol, sparges bed surface afterwards, sealing a period of time, wherein mainly hold the allotment of medium of seedling bed, meet the needs of seed and seedling growth;
C: begin sowing in good time, annual sowing in March, after two one summers of winter of seed storage, while having 25% seed breach now white (too much unsuitable, to prevent from touching disconnected plumule during sowing), sifting out in time seed is placed in carbendazim solution and sterilizes a few minutes, with clear water, rinse well again, dry open fire after uniform broadcasting on seedbed, cover again a laminin above husky, thickness is advisable to lose seed, waters permeable overlay film (sprinkling irrigation);
D: cuttage and seedling culture, in April, selecting the age of tree is elite stand in 10 years above, and clip then semi-lignified branch is done cutting, from cutting, cuts cuttings, and cuttings base portion is cut into oblique flat shape, tears off bottom
Branch blade, after managing cuttings base portion, be bundled into wisp, base portion is entered No. ABT1 or No. 3 rooting powder solutions (first dissolve with alcohol, be watered again) middle half a day, seedling bed temperature, humidity is controlled at respectively 25 ℃ and 80% left and right, during excess Temperature, ventilate in time, when humidity is too low, spray water in good time, matrix keeps moisture state, must guard against ponding, control cuttings drug concentration, the configuration proportion of root-growing agent and bactericide, on timber, follow closely at a certain distance nail, on seedbed, punch, along cutting hole, insert cuttings bar until blade place, stick with after a row, with carbendazim solution, spray to cutting hole and cuttings heading line off, at once cover film is on little shed, coverage shading net on frame, light transmittance is about 40%, after 30-40 days, can take root, and note timely weeding, each spraying of two every mornings in season of autumn in summer once, each about 10-15 minute, with surface, there is not Bai Weidu, during arid, in conjunction with fertilising, spray water, Fertilizer application become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer water or night soil, thin fertile duty is executed, vegetative period every first quarter moon once, to promote growth, cuttage seeding is in First Year rooting process, aerial growth is slow, but take root rapidly, lateral root is flourishing, after Second Year is transplanted, must continue to shade, strengthen seedbed management, its growth in summer is very fast, spring and autumn is slow, should pay close attention in time variations in temperature, long-term being dried can cause growth inhibition or sudden death, after seedling is held up and strengthens, southern enqlish yew is seldom dead, and growth rapidly,
E: field management, sow after 30 days, seedling all sprouts substantially, first shade, light transmittance is about 50%, weeding in vegetative period is loosened the soil and is about monthly 3 times, take uprooting weed between strain, weeding is early suitable and little, large grass roots is many, while pulling out, be easily with the soil of emerging, to pin nursery stock uprooting weed again with two fingers, for improving plant percent and growth rate, to apply fertilizer in good time and water, fertilising 5-6 times/year, at the beginning of 5 months, execute the oil cake rich water becoming thoroughly decomposed, at the beginning of 6 months, execute a small amount of urea liquid, execute cake fertilizer water 7 the end of month, on September, respectively execute urea dilution the last ten-days period one time, at the beginning of 10 months, execute a small amount of potash fertilizer, impel nursery stock lignification early, to improve the antifreeze cold tolerance of nursery stock, watered permeable once every 7 days summer, seedling
Initial stage be must guard against ponding, ponding easily causes seedlings root breathing to be obstructed and rotten death, plantation ground planted agent's draining dredging and furrow face are smooth, seedling growth stage, keep in ditch without ponding, the existing Bai Miao of effects on surface seedbed watering in time, each spraying two morning and afternoons every day in season of autumn in summer once, each 10-15 minute, while coming up, to its leaf positive and negative and stem spray week about import topsin or carbendazim solution, two kinds of medicines are used alternatingly (being for 3 times 1 cycle), and prevent and treat soil insect with the tiger spraying that picks up, weeding is loosened the soil, nursery stock is topdressed in earlier stage with nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer is main, with night soil, add a small amount of urea configuration, monthly 2 times, stop October applying fertilizer and removing shading screen, nursery stock reach two leaves wholeheartedly after, carry out nursery stock transplanting, after transplanting, with carbendazim solution, irrigate, the 6-10 month continues to set up shading shed to leaving seedbed, timely surrounding weeds, strengthen thin and weak seedling management, Second Year carries out garden by southern enqlish yew nursery stock and transplants, seeding row spacing is 40 centimetres of 25 cm x, take shading shed, light transmittance is about 60%, growth cycle weeding is loosened the soil, monthly 1 time, fertilising in 1 year 4-5 time, execute the cake fertilizer water becoming thoroughly decomposed 4 the end of month, in 6 months, execute urea liquid, execute cake fertilizer water 7 the end of month, execute urea dilution September one time, at the beginning of 10 months, execute a small amount of potash fertilizer, impel nursery stock lignification early, to improve the antifreeze cold tolerance of nursery stock, the 3rd year do not need to shade (hardening), vegetative period, weeding was loosened the soil, monthly once, in line-spacing, ditch, approximately 18 centimetres of ditch depths, wide 10 centimetres, apply the oil cake becoming thoroughly decomposed fertile, earthing lid is flat, execute a small amount of composite fertilizer June, be a small amount of potash fertilizer October,
F: the extermination of disease and insect pest, southern enqlish yew Major Diseases in seedling stage is dampinged off extremely, root rot, leaf blight and southern blight, calamity worm mainly contains earthworm, cutworm, grub, spider and aphid etc., dead and the root rot of dampinging off can be prevented and treated with carbendazim or topsin solution, every control in 1 week 1 time, continuous 3 times, can suppress virus diffusion and spread, even if pull out diseased plant, burn on the spot, southern blight started at the beginning of 6 months, July is prevailing when temperature rises to 30 ℃, temperature peak during up to 35 ℃, and stop 9 the end of month, prophylactico-therapeutic measures: strengthen management, dredge ditch water discharge, weed with a hoe in time, enriched
Machine is fertile, to impel seedling growth healthy and strong, strengthens resistance against diseases, after nursery stock morbidity, clears up in time diseased plant, fallen leaves and infection matrix, adopts 5 chloramines nitrobenzene to mix yellow soil and spills and execute, and seedbed can prevent and treat nursery stock southern blight effectively;
G: cultivation afforestation, soil requires: soil layer is deep fertile, venting and water permeable, illumination is sufficient, nursery stock requires: the nursery stock of selecting grow fine above for 2 years, dig pit: the standard by 1 mu of ground 160 strain is digged pit, hole size is advisable to be conducive to plant plantation, plantation: in early spring winter Mo, soak root plant after half a day with No. ABT1 or No. 3 rooting powder solutions, require to want that root is easypro, seedling just, having peace of mind, after cultivation, with carbendazim solution, irrigate maintenance: weeding is loosened the soil, cut down weeds and cover (water conservation, getting fat) around tree root, suitably water the first year in conjunction with fertilising, should not be partially dry;
H: the branches and leaves of gathering, plant after 3 years, the branches and leaves of can gathering the whole year, but according to the accumulation of active constituent content, with spray, Lao Ye, for well, optimal harvest time is October, fresh leaf can be spread out to ventilate and dries in the shade or dry.
2. a kind of southern enqlish yew artificial propagation techniques according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described steps A can also be processed seed by temperature control method, the seed of gathering with the emerge in worm water of 45 ℃ after one day, put into dustpan, then sooner or later use each sprinkling of warm water 1 time of 40 ℃ every day, within 3 days, take out afterwards, select in the shade dry not chaor to dig pit, in hole, spread laminin sand, seed is mixed after carbendazim sterilization, with in element is husky, in the ratio of 1:2, mixes and pack in hole, covered with plastic film insulation, stir up and down once noon every day, and drench a small amount of water, it is heated evenly, be conducive to germinate, take out March next year, with alcohol and 45 ℃ of warm water (1:2), soak and unexpectedly plant half an hour, pull out and with gibberellin, soak seed by a certain percentage 1 day afterwards, with breaking dormancy, improve emergence rate, approximately through vernalization in 10 days, approximately there is 25% seed germination, can sow.
3. a kind of southern enqlish yew artificial propagation techniques according to claim 1, its feature
Be, described step D analyzes by experiment: (1) medium of seedling bed should be light and will be beneficial to draining, and polypots seedling raising and transplanting is convenient, but is unfavorable for venting and water permeable, and can not absorb soil composition after surviving, and opposing damage by disease and insect is indifferent, poor growth; (2) root-growing agent can promote that plant early takes root, raw strong root, and bactericide can be removed matrix root bacterium in time, is conducive to plant and grows up healthy and sound; (3), within seed storage water content rests in certain standard, be conducive to improve germination rate; (4) seedbed temp. and humidity is higher, easily causes cuttings rot and burn, and too low cuttings is not taken root, and seed does not germinate.
4. a kind of southern enqlish yew artificial propagation techniques according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when described step F southern enqlish yew seedling generation damping off, root rot and leaf blight, also available 5% alum liquid pours and spills root, uses clear water shower after 3 hours, 1 day 1 time, hypopathia 2-3 time, grave illness 5-7 time, finds that earthworm, cutworm, grub are calamity, the available tiger spraying control soil insect that picks up, spider, aphid can be sprayed control with class agricultural chemicals such as dichlorvos, Rogor.
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