CN103548658B - A kind of method of cultivating large basin fine work Moth orchid - Google Patents
A kind of method of cultivating large basin fine work Moth orchid Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method of cultivating large basin fine work Moth orchid, described method comprises 1) Moth orchid seedling is planted in diameter is greater than in the cultivating container of 11.5cm; With 2) after new root starts to grow in matrix buriing slow-release fertilizer.In the process, in addition preferably: A) in matrix, administration of water soluble is fertile stage by stage; B) the EC value control of described matrix is 1.0 to 1.2ms/cm; C) after bennet is extracted out, by daytime/night temperature control as 25-28 DEG C/15-19 DEG C; And/or D) after new root grows, every 1-2 month, the rich water using water or EC value to be not more than 0.3ms/cm washed described matrix.Seedling has root system stalwartness, blade is neat, plant type is plentiful to use the large basin Moth orchid of described production to plant, and fully can excavate potentiality of blooming, and can output the flower of more than 20.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of flower culture, particularly be cultivation Moth orchid method.
Background technology
Moth orchid is the orchid family Phalaenopsis flowers, and sensu lato Moth orchid comprises Phalaenopsis Phalaenopsis and Duo Li phalaenopsis belongs to Doritaenopsis, and the latter obtains after the former hybridizes with a beautiful Cymbidium.They originate in tropical and subtropical region, and flower pattern is graceful, is described as " cattleya queen ", are the most salable high-grade pot flowers in the world, the most salable annual flower grass of Ye Shi China.
Moth orchid root system is aerial root, and meat likes the environment of moistening good permeability.In the end the stage generally plants carry out flower forcing in the nutritive cube of below bore 11.5cm for the Moth orchid of conventional cultivation.If planted in larger basin device, root system due to Moth orchid is aerial root, after planting large basin, very easily there is bad root phenomenon in the more difficult control of rich water, the situation of frequent appearance is, because matrix amount is comparatively large, matrix sphagna used has again good moisture capacity, so easily there is the contradiction of rich water and matrix gas permeability, or because twice rich water interval time is longer etc., reason causes fertilizer deficiency, or occurs water content of substrate excessive and cause root system anoxic even downright bad.Both of these case all can affect leaf growth, finally has influence on Flowering quality, even if can bloom on schedule, does not also reach bloom quantity and the quality of expection.In addition, Moth orchid often occurs that floriferousness is not directly proportional to basin footpath, does not reach desirable effect.
And at present in large basin Moth orchid is produced, management mode is single, product homogeneity is serious, and basin device is the nutritive cube of bore 11.5cm, and flower quantity is few, can not meet the demand of high-end market to large basin fine work Moth orchid always.In addition, the large basin of Moth orchid is bloomed technology scarcity, and under Routine Management condition, Moth orchid seedling age is not directly proportional to quantity of blooming, and the quantity of blooming of large basin is many not as good as common basin sometimes, does not give full play to potentiality of blooming.
At present, the cultivation of Moth orchid seedling and blooming period management technology have become culture technique bottleneck, the development of restriction Moth orchid industry.Therefore, in the urgent need to developing Moth orchid large basin corresponding cultivation administrative skill.
In order to improve large basin Moth orchid cultivation success rate, produce high-quality large basin fine work Moth orchid, improve large basin Moth orchid to bloom quantity, meet the demand of market to high-end product, the present inventor has carried out long-term observation and research to large basin Moth orchid seedling cultivation and method of blooming, and finally develops a set of practicable large basin Moth orchid Technical system.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method of cultivating large basin fine work Moth orchid, described method is achieved by the following technical solution:
1, cultivate a method for large basin fine work Moth orchid, described method comprises the steps:
1) Moth orchid seedling being planted in diameter is greater than in the cultivating container of 11.5cm; With
2) after new root starts to grow in matrix buriing slow-release fertilizer.
2, the method as described in technical scheme 1, wherein, after new root starts to grow, also in matrix, administration of water soluble is fertile stage by stage, wherein, after in plantation to described cultivating container, the first stage of first trimester, irrigates 1/2 to described cultivating container mesostroma height by described water-soluble fertilizer, in the second stage of plantation after full 3 months, described water-soluble fertilizer irrigates to described matrix height 2/3.
3, the method as described in technical scheme 1 or 2, wherein, controls the EC value of described matrix as first stage 0.8 to 1.0ms/cm, second stage 1.0 to 1.2ms/cm.
4, the method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 3, wherein, after bennet is extracted out, by daytime/night temperature control as 25-28 DEG C/15-19 DEG C, preferably control as 26-28 DEG C/17-19 DEG C or 25-27 DEG C/15-17 DEG C.
5, the method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 4, wherein, after new root grows, every 1-2 month, the rich water using water or EC value to be not more than 0.3ms/cm washed described matrix.
6, the method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 5, wherein, described Moth orchid seedling is the kind with floriferousness.
7, the method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 6, wherein, the diameter of described cultivating container is 13.5cm to 17cm.
8, the method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 7, wherein, the N/P/K of described slow-release fertilizer with the content of parts by weight (lower with) for 14-14-14, preferably, the release period of described slow-release fertilizer is 3 to 4 months, it is further preferred that the amount of application of described slow-release fertilizer is 2 to 4g/L matrix.
9, the method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 8, wherein, the N/P/K content of described water-soluble fertilizer is 20-20-20, preferably, described water-soluble fertilizer is used in form of an aqueous solutions, more preferably, the EC value of the described aqueous solution is 0.8 to 1.2ms/cm in the described first stage, be 1.0 to 1.2ms/cm in described second stage, further preferably, described water-soluble fertilizer is used once for every 10 to 15 days.
10, the method according to any one of technical scheme 5 to 9, wherein, described washing matrix is selected to carry out when sunny weather, it is further preferred that described washing matrix is carried out once for every 1 to 2 month.
12, the method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 11, wherein, described matrix is sphagna.
13, the method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 12, wherein, after planting in described cultivating container by described seedling, carries out control water to the root of described seedling, and preferably, the time of control water is 15 to 25 days, and the time more preferably controlling water is 20 days.
14, the method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 13, wherein, before described seedling grows new root in described cultivating container, carries out a foliar application in every 3 days.
15, the method as described in technical scheme 14, wherein, before described seedling grows new root in described cultivating container, only carries out foliar application, does not carry out the fertilising of any other form.
16, the method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 15, wherein, the N/P/K content that described foliar application employing alternately sprays 1500 to 2500 times of dilutions are that the mode of the fertilizer of 5-11-26 and 9-45-15 is carried out.
17, the method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 16, wherein, after using described water-soluble fertilizer, controls the pH value of described matrix as 5.5-6.5.
18, the method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 17, wherein, before flower forcing process, intensity of illumination is controlled the first intensity of illumination in 15000-200001x scope, by daytime/night temperature control the temperature in the first daytime/night in 28-30 DEG C/23-25 DEG C scope, and air humidity is controlled to be more than 65%.
19, the method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 18, wherein, within first 7 months, flower forcing is carried out after the plantation to described cultivating container 6 months at Target Flowering, in flower forcing first half of the month, the flower forcing fertilizer that N/P/K is 10-30-20 is used to described seedling, the EC value of the fertile solution of flower forcing controls at 1.0-1.2ms/cm, uses once at interval of 15 days.
20, the method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 19, wherein, after executing flower forcing fertilizer described in twice, by daytime/night temperature to be reduced to scope be 25-27 DEG C/second daytime of 16-18 DEG C/night temperature, and intensity of illumination is increased to by described first intensity of illumination the second intensity of illumination that scope is 25000-300001x.
21, the method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 20, wherein, at first flower Post flowering, is adjusted to the 3rd intensity of illumination of 12000-150001x by intensity of illumination, and by daytime/night temperature control as 25-27 DEG C/16-18 DEG C.
22, the method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 21, wherein, at half flower Post flowering, only waters to described matrix and stops fertilising.
23, the method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 22, wherein, when bennet grows to 15-20cm height, adjusts blue seedling placement direction, makes Phalaenopsis leaves East and West direction, and bennet in blade north side, and starts the orientation of seedling is remained unchanged thus.
24, the method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 23, wherein, uses fixing silk to fix bennet, and bennet is vertically grown along fixing silk; When there is 5-6 petal, fixing silk being bowed downward to 60 degree of angles at first petal place, bennet is fixed along fixing silk, make first petal at the peak of fixing silk, and regularly the inflorescence newly grown is fixed on fixing silk.
25, the method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 24, wherein, after bud occurs, alternately uses the fertilizer that N/P/K content is 20-20-20 and 30-10-10.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, use slow-release fertilizer, reduce rich water pouring frequency, the gas permeability of matrix can be ensured, avoid root system anoxic to cause the generation of bad root phenomenon, again protect can demonstrate,prove nutrition continue, supply fully.
2, after bennet moulding, seedling position remains unchanged, and ensures that flower marshalling is consistent.
3, decrease irrigation amount, avoid large basin bad root phenomenon, Moth orchid root system development is good, ensure that duration of flowering nutrient supply simultaneously, outputs more flower provide nutrition foundation for Moth orchid.
4, duration of flowering temperature controls at 26-28 DEG C/17-19 DEG C, makes Moth orchid inflorescence postpone to bind, thus continues to differentiate more petal.
5, by the comprehensive regulation of rich water on cultivation method, illumination and/or temperature, fully excavate Moth orchid and to bloom potentiality, the quantity that makes to bloom reaches maximum.
The inventive method is simple and easy to do, after using slow-release fertilizer, not only ensure that the supply of nutrient, decrease water-soluble fertile fertilizer application frequency simultaneously, reduce the possibility of rotten of Moth orchid aerial root under large basin planting conditions as far as possible, thus be beneficial to the healthy growth of seedling, ensure for reproductive growth provides nutrition.In addition, by the comprehensive regulation of illumination, temperature and/or fertilizer, large basin Moth orchid is nourished and grown and is reached balance with reproductive growth, and potentiality of blooming are played to greatest extent, thus can output better, more flower.
Embodiment
As mentioned above, the invention provides a kind of method of cultivating large basin fine work Moth orchid, in the method for the invention, mainly comprise the cultivation of the especially large seedling of seedling, flower forcing, flowering stage manage three aspects.
Specifically, in a first aspect of the present invention, method of the present invention comprises the steps:
1) Moth orchid seedling being planted in diameter is greater than in the cultivating container of 11.5cm; With
2) after new root starts to grow in matrix buriing slow-release fertilizer.
The kind of the present invention to Moth orchid has no particular limits, but preferably adopts the kind with floriferousness, especially floriferousness good, florescence length, inferior leaf difficult drop-off, kind that flower is large.Such as ' red swan ' (Doritaenopsis ' RedSwan ').When selecting seedling, preferably select health, neat ripe seedlings, such as seedling age is the seedling of 16 to 20 months, is preferably the seedling of 18 months.
The present invention has no particular limits cultivating container, as long as this cultivating container is greater than the nutritive cube of the 11.5cm that cultivation Moth orchid is commonly used.Such as under cultivating container is columnar situation, cultivating container upper port diameter is greater than 11.5cm, be preferably 12cm to 20cm, being more preferably 13.5cm to 17.0cm, such as, is 12,12.5,13,13.5,14,14.5,15,15.5,16,16.5,17,17.5,18,18.5,19,19.5 or 20cm.Certainly only otherwise affect the attractive in appearance of Moth orchid and applicable use, this diameter also can be greater than 20cm.
The present invention has no particular limits matrix, can adopt the matrix of planting Moth orchid in the art and often adopting, such as sphagna, preferably adopt A level sphagna, be more preferably special A level sphagna.
In the method for the invention, for the management of water, preferably by seedling from after the cultivating container of conventional basin footpath 11.5cm changes to larger cultivating container, control water is carried out to root, such as, controls the time of water about 15 to 25 days, more preferably control water about 20 days.Term used herein " control water " has the common implication in this area, does not namely add water to root.In addition, in the course of cultivation, the water that the inventive method uses preferably its EC value is not more than 0.3ms/cm, such as, be 0,0.1,0.2 or 0.3ms/cm.
In the method for the invention, for the management of fertilizer, preferably during control water or before new root grows, only carry out foliar application, frequency of administration be 2 to 4 days once, such as every 3 days blade faces alternately spray 1500 to 2500 times of such as 2000 times of dilution N-P-K content be 5-11-26 and 9-45-15 open root manure material.Preferably, before described seedling grows new root in described cultivating container, only carry out foliar application, in matrix, do not apply fertilizer.After new root grows, can in matrix, buriing N-P-K content be 14-14-14, release period is the slow-release fertilizer of 3 to 4 months, amount of application can be 2 to 4 grams/L matrix, is preferably 3 grams/L matrix; In addition, after new root grows, in matrix, within every 10 to 15 days, such as can use the water-soluble fertilizer that 2-3 N-P-K content is 20-20-20, this water-soluble fertilizer is preferably the form of the aqueous solution, more preferably the EC value 0.8-1.2ms/cm of this solution, such as 0.8,0.9,1.0,1.1 or 1.2ms/cm.Preferably, after planting during first trimester, water-soluble fertilizer irrigates to the matrix height in cultivating container 1/2 at every turn, after this, namely in plantation after 3 months (generally now root amount is many), described water-soluble fertilizer is increased to irrigate to matrix height 2/3.After young plant is enough ripe, (after such as planting latter 6 months in large basin and before Target Flowering 7 months) preferably carries out flower forcing process, such as low temperature flower forcing process, and in flower forcing first half of the month, the fertile ratio of suitable raising P, K, such as change the flower forcing executing 10-30-20 fertile, flower forcing fertilizer preferably uses as a solution, and the EC value of the fertile solution of flower forcing can control at 1.0-1.2ms/cm, can within about 15 days, use once at interval.When bennet grows to 30cm, the fertilizer alternately using 20-20-20 and 30-10-10 can be changed into, to improve Flowering quality.On inflorescence 1/2 flowering after, stop fertilising, only water.
In the inventive method, also preferred salinity in matrix to be managed.Before new root grows, the EC value in matrix is adjusted to 0.8-1.0ms/cm.After new root grows, such as, selected continuous fair weather every 1-2 month, with water or low concentration rich water (EC value is not more than 0.3ms/cm), shower is carried out to matrix, wash unnecessary salinity off, avoid its accumulation to cause root system to injure.Such as monthly at least can detect a matrix EC value, to control in the scope of preferred scope such as 1.0-1.2ms/cm by EC value, this scope can be such as 1.0,1.1 or 1.2ms/cm.Meanwhile, the EC value of the liquid fertilizer used in matrix also preferably controls in the scope of 1.0-1.2ms/cm.
In the method for the invention, preferably the pH value of matrix is controlled at 5.5-6.5, can, by monthly checking the pH of a matrix, be such as in the scope of 5.5,5.6,5.7,5.8,5.9,6.0,6.1,6.2,6.3,6.4 or 6.5 by the pH of matrix control.
In the present invention, illumination, temperature and humidity such as can carry out regulation and control in the following way: humidity can change to some extent in whole process, but are preferably more than 65% by humid control.After being transferred in described cultivating container, intensity of illumination can remain 15000-200001x, daytime/temperature maintenance at night 28-30 DEG C/23-25 DEG C, and preferably keep greenhouse climate relatively stable, prevent epidemic disaster cataclysm.When flower forcing, can by daytime/night temperature control as 25-27 DEG C/16-18 DEG C, intensity of illumination also can be strengthened to 25000-300001x thereupon.After bennet is extracted out, by daytime/night temperature control as 25-28 DEG C/15-19 DEG C, intensity of illumination returns to 15000-200001x, to make Moth orchid inflorescence postpone to bind, continues differentiation petal.When first the flowers are in blossom, daytime/temperature control at night is 25-27 DEG C/16-18 DEG C, intensity of illumination is adjusted to about 12000-150001x.
Generally, often flower forcing process is carried out to Moth orchid seedling, such as, carry out low temperature flower forcing process.The time of flower forcing process, such as can after Moth orchid seedling grows 6 months in large basin and before Target Flowering 7 months.Flower forcing first half of the month, suitably improve the fertile ratio of P, K, change the flower forcing executing 10-30-20 fertile.After executing twice flower forcing fertilizer, start low temperature flower forcing, now by daytime/night temperature be controlled in 25-27 DEG C/16-18 DEG C, increase intensity of illumination to 25000-300001x.
Management after bennet being extracted out about the present invention, such as can after bennet is extracted out by daytime/night temperature be controlled in 26-28 DEG C/17-19 DEG C or 25-27 DEG C/15-17 DEG C, when flower is to 15-20cm height, adjust blue seedling placement direction, make leaf growth direction vertical with noon sun, bennet is such as area after the tropic of cancer in the side of blade backlight, and can make Phalaenopsis leaves East and West direction, bennet is in blade north side.And with diameter 3.3mm, long 120cm fix bennet as the plastic iron wire and clip of fixing silk, make bennet along the straight growth of plastic iron wire.When there is 5-6 petal, carry out moulding, plastic iron wire is bent downwardly into about 60 degree of angles at first petal place, bennet is fixed along plastic iron wire, make first petal at the peak of plastic iron wire, and regularly the inflorescence newly grown is fixed on plastic iron wire.Young plant position remains unchanged, in order to avoid inflorescence distortion.After bud occurs, change the fertilizer alternately using 20-20-20 and 30-10-10 into, to improve Flowering quality.When first the flowers are in blossom, intensity of illumination is adjusted to 150001x, after the flowering of 1/2, stops fertilising, only water.Daytime/night temperature 25-27 DEG C/16-18 DEG C remains unchanged, about intensity of illumination 150001x.
Following examples are used for further illustrating essentiality content of the present invention.On the basis of content disclosed in the present application, those skilled in the art can also revise further technical scheme of the present invention and improve.Therefore, do not departing from amendment and improvement that the basis of its general principles is made, the application's scope required for protection all should belonged to.
Embodiment 1
Adopt that growth is neat, seedling age is conventional floriferousness seedling ' red swan ' (Doritaenopsis ' RedSwan') 90 basins of 18 months, this seedling is originally planted the ripe seedlings in 11.5cm basin.These seedlings are changed in the soft basin of plastics of 17cm.Matrix selects special A level sphagna.Control water after changing basin 20 days, period every 3 days blade faces alternately spray 2000 times of N-P-K be 5-11-26 and 9-45-15 open root manure material, root does not apply fertilizer.After 20 days, now have new root to grow, get at random wherein 45 basins (3 repetitions, each repetition 15 basin) as processed group, in matrix, buriing N-P-K content is 14-14-14, release period is the slow-release fertilizer 3 grams/L matrix of 4 months, buriing again after 3 months; Other 45 basins do not execute slow-release fertilizer as a control group.Processed group and control group every month use to matrix the water-soluble fertilizer that 3 N-P-K content is 20-20-20, and the water quality EC value of the water used is lower than 0.3ms/cm.Wherein, after plantation to large basin, first trimester is from control water terminates, described water-soluble fertilizer irrigates to matrix 1/2 at every turn, and fertilizer solution EC value controls in the scope of 0.8-1.0ms/cm, large basin is arrived after 3 months in plantation, (now root amount is many), described water-soluble fertilizer irrigates to matrix 2/3, and fertilizer solution EC value is controlled in the scope of 1.0-1.2ms/cm.Selected continuous fair weather every 1-2 month, with low concentration rich water (EC0.3), shower is carried out to matrix, wash unnecessary salinity off, avoid its accumulation to cause root system to injure.After new root grows, monthly at least detect a substrate pH and EC value, pH value controls to control at 1.0-1.2ms/cm in 5.5-6.5, EC value.Intensity of illumination is 15000-200001x, daytime/night temperature be 28-30 DEG C/23-25 DEG C, air humidity more than 65%.
Proceed to after large basin plants 6 months, carry out flower forcing process.Low temperature flower forcing first half of the month, change the flower forcing executing 10-30-20 fertile, the EC value of the fertile solution of flower forcing controls at 1.0-1.2ms/cm, within every 15 days, uses once.After executing twice flower forcing fertilizer, daytime/night temperature be reduced to 25-27 DEG C/16-18 DEG C, intensity of illumination is increased to 25000-300001x.
After bennet is extracted out, intensity of illumination is reduced to 15000-200001x, daytime/temperature control at night is 26-28 DEG C/17-19 DEG C, during bennet height 15-20cm, adjust blue seedling placement direction, make leaf growth direction vertical with noon sun, bennet is in the side of blade backlight.Fix bennet with the plastic iron wire of diameter 3.3mm, long 120cm and clip, make bennet along the straight growth of plastic iron wire.When there is 5-6 petal, plastic iron wire being bent downwardly into about 60 degree of angles at first petal place, bennet is fixed along plastic iron wire, make first petal at the peak of plastic iron wire, and regularly the inflorescence newly grown is fixed on plastic iron wire.Young plant position remains unchanged.When first the flowers are in blossom, intensity of illumination is adjusted to 150001x, after the flowering of 1/2, stops fertilising, only water.
And, from Post flowering, investigation is used slow-release fertilizer and is not used the plant nutrition organ growth amount of slow-release fertilizer and situation of blooming, comprise size (the individual plant flower transverse diameter of root quantity, root system fresh weight, fresh weight, quantity of blooming (sum of blooming of final complete stool), flower, namely, the flower transverse diameter of first on inflorescence), the index such as florescence length (on inflorescence first the flowers are in blossom begin to the time that half flower is decayed), wherein, root quantity, root system fresh weight, fresh weight be first the flowers are in blossom put time carry out, lower with.
Table 1 is used slow-release fertilizer and is not used the impact that slow-release fertilizer plants Moth orchid in large basin
As can be seen from table, whether use slow-release fertilizer to root quantity, flower size without obvious impact.And root system and fresh weight, leaf area, quantity of blooming, florescence are had a certain impact.Use the plant of slow-release fertilizer, fresh weight increases, and flower quantity increases, longer blooming period.
Embodiment 2
Adopt Moth orchid seedling 90 basin identical with embodiment 1, this seedling is originally planted the ripe seedlings in 11.5cm basin.These seedlings are changed in the soft basin of plastics of 17cm.Matrix selects special A level sphagna.Control water after changing basin about 20 days, period every 3 days blade faces alternately spray 2000 times of N-P-K be 5-11-26 and 9-45-15 open root manure material, root does not apply fertilizer.After taking root, in matrix, buriing N-P-K content is 14-14-14, release period is the slow-release fertilizer 3 grams of 4 months.Use the water-soluble fertilizer that 2-3 N-P-K content is 20-20-20 every month, water quality EC value lower than 0.3ms/cm, fertilizer solution EC value 0.8-1.2.Get wherein 45 basins (3 repetitions at random, each repetition 15 basin) as processed group, after plantation to large basin, first trimester is from control water terminates, described water-soluble fertilizer water at every turn fertilizer irrigate to matrix 1/2, after plantation to large basin 3 months (now root amount is many), described water-soluble fertilizer irrigates to matrix 2/3 at every turn.Matrix in contrast, all irrigates by other 45 basins at every turn, and other control measures are consistent.For control group and processed group, selected continuous fair weather every 1-2 month, with low concentration rich water (EC0.3), shower is carried out to matrix, wash unnecessary salinity off, avoid its accumulation to cause root system to injure.Intensity of illumination is 15000-200001x, daytime/night temperature be 28-30 DEG C/23-25 DEG C, air humidity more than 65%.Keep greenhouse climate relatively stable, prevent epidemic disaster cataclysm.
When 3 months, the root growth situation of investigation control group and processed group plant, whether main inspection root system has putrefactive phenomenon.Result shows, the process irrigating rich water about has the plant of 66% to occur bad root phenomenon, analysis is because basin device is larger, root system is plentiful not enough, and absorptive amount is few, and the water retention capacity of sphagna is very strong, so matrix is when watering permeable, be in water saturation state in longer a period of time, cause root system respiration not smooth, rot.Thus finally can affect the growth of plant.
Investigate when 6 months, water permeable plant leaf obfuscation, lackluster, the next leaves water loss shrinkage, young leaves is less than the Lao Ye closed on.And only irrigate the plant of matrix 1/2-1/3, leaf green, be rich in gloss, every a slice young leaves is all large than a slice blade on it.Meanwhile, carry out the final-period managements such as flower forcing and investigate root quantity, root system fresh weight, leaf area, fresh weight according to the mode identical with embodiment 1, the indexs such as flower quantity and florescence, the results are shown in following table 1.
Table 2 difference waters the impact of fertile method test on the Moth orchid seedling early growth of planting in large basin
As can be seen from Table 2, stage by stage matrix is watered the liquid fertilizer of 1/2-2/3 compared with the process irrigating matrix, the florescence is increased to more than twice, and also increases significantly in root system fresh weight, leaf area, fresh weight flower size.
Embodiment 3
Adopt Moth orchid seedling 300 strain identical with embodiment 1, this seedling is originally planted the ripe seedlings in 11.5cm basin.Change to the Moth orchid seedling of 17cm basin, these seedlings are changed in the soft basin of plastics of 17cm.Matrix selects special A level sphagna.Daytime/night temperature 25-30 DEG C/20-25 environment under plantation carry out flower forcing process after 6 months.Choose seedling 180 strain of growth neat and consistent, with daytime/night temperature 25-27 DEG C/16-18 DEG C carries out flower forcing, after taking out stalk, at random blue for 180 strains seedling is divided into 4 groups, often organize 45 strains, by 4 groups respectively as follows different daytime/night plants under temperature: 24-26 DEG C/15-17 DEG C, 26-28 DEG C/17-19 DEG C, 28-30 DEG C/19-21 DEG C, 30-32 DEG C/21-23 DEG C.Other management is identical with the management in the processed group in above-described embodiment 2.The indexs such as required number of days, flower quantity, flower footpath size that investigation statistics bennet is drawn to and blooms (first the flowers are in blossom flower), the results are shown in following table 3.
Table 3 different daytime/impact that night, Temperature Treatment was bloomed on the Moth orchid that large basin is planted
| Process | Bennet is drawn to required number of days of blooming | Flower quantity | Flower footpath size (cm) |
| 25-27℃／15-17℃ | 99 | 23.1 | 12.1 |
| 26-28℃／17-19℃ | 89 | 23.2 | 13.0 |
| 28-30℃／19-21℃ | 72 | 15.5 | 12.5 |
| 30-32℃／21-23℃ | 61 | 12.2 | 12.6 |
As can be seen from Table 3, daytime/night, temperature was controlled as 25-27 DEG C/15-17 DEG C or 26-28 DEG C/17-19 DEG C time, flower quantity all obtains significant raising.And under rear a kind of temperature controlled condition, flower diameter is larger.
Embodiment 4
Select Moth orchid seedling 100 strain identical with embodiment 1, change to the large basin of bore 170mm, matrix selects special A level sphagna.Root is carried out to the control water of 20 days by a definite date, during control water, alternately spraying 2000 times of N-P-K every 3 days to blade face is 5-11-26 and 9-45-15.After 20 days, have new root to grow, now start the water-soluble fertilizer being 20-20-20 with parts by weight N-P-K content root being used to 2-3 every month, fertilizer solution EC value 0.8-1.2, described water-soluble fertilizer irrigates matrix.Intensity of illumination is 15000-200001x, daytime/night temperature be 28-30 DEG C/23-25 DEG C, air humidity more than 65%.
Proceed to after large basin plants 6 months, carry out low temperature flower forcing process.Low temperature flower forcing first half of the month, change the flower forcing executing 10-30-20 fertile, within every 15 days, use once.After executing twice flower forcing fertilizer, by daytime/night temperature be reduced to 25-27 DEG C/16-18 DEG C, intensity of illumination is increased to 25000-300001x.
After bennet is extracted out, intensity of illumination also decreases 15000-200001x, daytime/temperature control at night is 28-30 DEG C/18-20 DEG C, during bennet height 15-20cm, adjust blue seedling placement direction, make leaf growth direction vertical with noon sun, bennet is in the side of blade backlight.Fix bennet with the plastic iron wire of diameter 3.3mm, long 120cm and clip, make bennet along the straight growth of plastic iron wire.When there is 5-6 petal, plastic iron wire being bent downwardly into about 60 degree of angles at first petal place, bennet is fixed along plastic iron wire, make first petal at the peak of plastic iron wire, and regularly the inflorescence newly grown is fixed on plastic iron wire.Young plant position remains unchanged.When first the flowers are in blossom, intensity of illumination is adjusted to 150001x, after the flowering of 1/2, stops fertilising, only water.
The Moth orchid root amount that this management mode is produced is few, and most of plant has the phenomenon of rotten.Inflorescence binds early, and flower number is few, only has 12-15 piece, does not far reach the requirement of fine work.
Embodiment 5
Select Moth orchid seedling 100 strain identical with embodiment 1, change to the large basin of bore 170mm, matrix selects special A level sphagna.Root is carried out to the control water of 20 days by a definite date, during control water, alternately spraying 2000 times of N-P-K every 3 days to blade face is 5-11-26 and 9-45-15.After 20 days, new root is had to grow, now start to use the water-soluble fertilizer that 2-3 time is 20-20-20 with parts by weight N-P-K content every month to root, fertilizer solution EC value 1.0-1.2ms/cm, first trimester water at every turn fertilizer irrigate to matrix 1/2, after full 3 months, (now root amount is many) fertilizer irrigates 2/3 to matrix, meanwhile, and the slow-release fertilizer 3 grams of to be the N-P-K content of 4 months be buriing slow-release period in matrix 14-14-14.Select continuous fair weather every 1-2 month, rinse off salinity unnecessary in matrix with water.Matrix EC value is controlled in 1.0-1.2ms/cm.Intensity of illumination is 15000-200001x, daytime/night temperature be 28-30 DEG C/23-25 DEG C, air humidity more than 65%.
Proceed to after large basin plants 6 months, carry out flower forcing process.Low temperature flower forcing first half of the month, change the flower forcing executing 10-30-20 fertile, the EC value of the fertile solution of flower forcing controls at 1.0-1.2ms/cm, within every 15 days, uses once.After executing twice flower forcing fertilizer, daytime/night temperature be reduced to 25-27 DEG C/16-18 DEG C, intensity of illumination is increased to 25000-300001x.
Bennet extract out after intensity of illumination be reduced to 15000-200001x, by daytime/night temperature control as 25-28 DEG C/15-19 DEG C, during bennet height 15-20cm, adjust blue seedling placement direction, make blade be East and West direction, bennet is in blade north side.Fix bennet with the plastic iron wire of diameter 3.3mm, long 120cm and clip, make bennet along the straight growth of plastic iron wire.When there is 5-6 petal, plastic iron wire being bent downwardly into about 60 degree of angles at first petal place, bennet is fixed along plastic iron wire, make first petal at the peak of plastic iron wire, and regularly the inflorescence newly grown is fixed on plastic iron wire.Young plant position remains unchanged.When first the flowers are in blossom, intensity of illumination is adjusted to 150001x, after the flowering of 1/2, stops fertilising, only water.
Statistical result showed: plant root is plentiful, do not have the phenomenon of rotten, plant strain growth is good; Inflorescence marshalling, distortionless phenomenon; Flower number more than 20.
Adopt method of the present invention, make the large basin plant root of Moth orchid flourishing, Reducing sugar is good, ensure for reproductive growth provides nutrition, the control measures of later stage based on temperature, Moth orchid is nourished and grown in reproductive growth and coordinates mutually, inflorescence constantly differentiates forward more bud, inflorescence marshalling, whole structure is excellent.Production for large basin fine work Moth orchid provides technology and ensures, is a set of economical and practical production technology.
Claims (22)
1. cultivate a method for large basin Moth orchid, described method comprises the steps:
1) Moth orchid seedling being planted in diameter is greater than in the cultivating container of 11.5cm; With
2) after new root starts to grow in matrix buriing slow-release fertilizer, the N/P/K of described slow-release fertilizer with the content of parts by weight for 14-14-14; And
Wherein, after new root starts to grow, also in matrix, administration of water soluble is fertile stage by stage, wherein, the first stage of first trimester after in plantation to described cultivating container, only described water-soluble fertilizer is irrigated 1/2 to described cultivating container mesostroma height, in the second stage of plantation after full 3 months, described water-soluble fertilizer irrigates to described matrix height 2/3; The N/P/K content of described water-soluble fertilizer is 20-20-20;
The EC value of described matrix was controlled to be 0.8 to 1.0ms/cm in the described first stage, controls to be 1.0 to 1.2ms/cm in described second stage; And
After bennet is extracted out, by daytime/night temperature control as 25-28 DEG C/15-19 DEG C.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein the release period of described slow-release fertilizer is 3 to 4 months.
3. the method for claim 1, wherein the amount of application of described slow-release fertilizer is 2 to 4g/L matrix.
4. the method for claim 1, wherein described water-soluble fertilizer is used in form of an aqueous solutions, and the EC value of the described aqueous solution is 0.8 to 1.2ms/cm, and described water-soluble fertilizer is used once for every 10 to 15 days.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, wherein, the EC value of the described aqueous solution is 1.0 to 1.2ms/cm.
6. the method according to any one of claim 1 to 5, wherein, after bennet is extracted out, by daytime/night temperature control as 26-28 DEG C/17-19 DEG C or 25-27 DEG C/15-17 DEG C.
7. the method according to any one of claim 1 to 5, wherein, after new root grows, every 1-2 month, the rich water using water or EC value to be not more than 0.3ms/cm washed described matrix.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, wherein, washs described matrix and carries out once for every 1 to 2 month.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, wherein, washs described matrix and selects to carry out when sunny weather.
10. the method according to any one of claim 1 to 5, wherein, after planting in described cultivating container by described seedling, carries out control water to the root of described seedling.
11. methods as claimed in claim 10, wherein, the time of control water is 15 to 25 days.
12. methods as claimed in claim 11, wherein, the time of control water is 20 days.
13. methods according to any one of claim 1 to 5, wherein, before described seedling grows new root in described cultivating container, carry out a foliar application in every 3 days.
14. methods as claimed in claim 13, wherein, before described seedling grows new root in described cultivating container, only carry out described foliar application, do not carry out other forms of fertilising.
15. methods as claimed in claim 14, wherein, the N/P/K content that described foliar application employing alternately sprays 1500 to 2500 times of dilutions are that the mode of the fertilizer of 5-11-26 and 9-45-15 is carried out.
16. methods according to any one of claim 1 to 5, wherein, after using described water-soluble fertilizer, control the pH value of described matrix as 5.5-6.5.
17. methods according to any one of claim 1 to 5, wherein, before flower forcing process, intensity of illumination is controlled the first intensity of illumination in 15000-20000lx scope, by daytime/night temperature control the temperature in the first daytime/night for 28-30 DEG C/23-25 DEG C scope, and air humidity is controlled to be more than 65%.
18. methods according to any one of claim 1 to 5, wherein, within first 7 months, flower forcing is carried out after the plantation to described cultivating container 6 months at Target Flowering, in flower forcing first half of the month, the fertile solution of flower forcing that N/P/K is 10-30-20 is used to described seedling, the EC value of the fertile solution of flower forcing controls at 1.0-1.2ms/cm, uses once at interval of 15 days.
19. methods as claimed in claim 18, wherein, after executing the fertile solution of flower forcing described in twice, by daytime/night temperature to be reduced to scope be 25-27 DEG C/second daytime of 16-18 DEG C/night temperature, and intensity of illumination is increased to by the first intensity of illumination at 15000-20000lx the second intensity of illumination that scope is 25000-30000lx.
20. methods as claimed in claim 18, wherein, at first flower Post flowering, are adjusted to the 3rd intensity of illumination of 12000-15000lx by intensity of illumination, and by daytime/night temperature control as 25-27 DEG C/16-18 DEG C.
21. methods as claimed in claim 18, wherein, at half flower Post flowering, only water to described matrix and stop fertilising.
22. methods as claimed in claim 18, wherein, after bud occurs, alternately use the fertilizer that N/P/K content is 20-20-20 and 30-10-10.
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