CN107568016B - Planting method for improving commodity rate of blue hydrangea - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a planting technology of blue hydrangea, in particular to a planting method for improving the commodity rate of the blue hydrangea, which solves the problem of low commodity rate of the blue hydrangea and comprises the following steps of ① seedling raising method of the hydrangea, ② adopting a steel frame greenhouse facility and being matched with a shading and water and fertilizer integrated facility, ③ rhizosphere soil improvement, ④ planting, wherein the planting mode is single-ridge single-row planting, single-ridge double-row planting and the like, 800 plants are planted per mu, pond digging and transplanting are carried out, ⑤ fertilization is carried out, ⑥ irrigation is carried out, according to the condition of soil, sandy loam is carried out by drip irrigation, soil with heavy viscosity is carried out by micro-spraying, light and temperature control is carried out in ⑦ facilities, ⑧ is carried out, ⑨ pest control is carried out, ⑩ flower picking is carried out, the color of the hydrangea is pure and bright blue, and accordingly, the blue hydrangea with good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a planting technology of blue hydrangea, in particular to a planting method for improving commodity rate of the blue hydrangea.
Background
The hydrangea original production is cultivated in pots in southern provinces of Yangtze river basin of China and in northern China for appreciation, and is a subtropical tree species. In Yunnan and Guangdong, it is often a evergreen shrub, and leaves are dormant in slightly cold regions. The hydrangea grows mostly in valley, forest and stream sloping fields, the property likes warm and humid climatic conditions, the property likes half yin, the cold tolerance is poor, all parts in the north are cultivated in pots, and the plants enter the room in winter to live through the winter. Drought resistance and strong light direct irradiation are contraindicated.
At present, the fertilizers on the market only can ensure that the hydrangea turns blue, but the color blue is not pure enough and is white. The commercial hydrangea is a fresh cut flower and is mainly used in wedding celebration, festive celebration and other places, the commercial value of the hydrangea mainly lies in the diameter of the hydrangea and the purity of the flower color, so that the components in the fertilizer need to be well controlled in the planting and fertilizing process, and the hydrangea can keep the purity of the flower color, as shown in figure 1. The influence factors of the impure hydrangea are many: illumination, irrigation and fertiliser. The center of the blue hydrangea planted at present may be high in blue purity, but the peripheral petals are still white and even show variegated colors, so that the quality of the hydrangea ball is reduced, and economic benefits of flower farmers are affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention provides a method comprising: the planting method can maintain the normal growth of hydrangea plants, effectively promote the absorption and utilization of aluminum ions, and make the hydrangea bright blue, thereby obtaining good flower ball diameter and purer flower color and improving the commodity rate of the blue hydrangea.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is that the planting method for improving the commodity rate of the blue hydrangea flowers comprises the following steps:
① hydrangea seedling method comprises mixing 25% of natural grass carbon, 25% of fermented agricultural solid waste (crop straw) and 50% of puffed mineral substance according to a proper proportion to prepare a matrix, and dipping in water soluble rooting agent to perform cuttage seedling in a facility shed.
② adopts steel frame greenhouse facility, and is matched with shading and water and fertilizer integrated facility.
③ rhizosphere soil improvement:
1) and (3) additionally applying an organic fertilizer, wherein 0.12-0.25 kg of the organic fertilizer meeting the quality requirement of NY 525-2012 organic fertilizer is applied to each pond (one plant in each pond).
2) Adjusting the pH value of rhizosphere soil, adjusting when the pH value of the soil is not in the range of 4.5-5.5, and adjusting the pH value of the soil with the pH value higher than 5.5 by using an acid soil conditioner (using an acid organic fertilizer, patent No. ZL 201410297122.1) with the pH value of 2.5-4.5 for 5-12 liters per pond; for the soil with the pH value less than 4.5, 5-12 liters of alkaline soil conditioner (alkaline organic fertilizer, patent number ZL 201410297127.4) with the pH value of 7.5-8.5 is adopted for regulation.
④, planting in single-ridge single-row mode, single-ridge double-row mode and the like, planting 800-1000 plants per mu, and digging a pond for transplanting.
⑤ fertilization:
1) and (3) seedling extraction and fertilizer application: 4-6 kg/mu of ammonium sulfate is added with water for watering after 7-10 days after stumping and pruning;
2) topdressing: the fertilizer is a special fertilizer for blue hydrangea (wherein the mass percentage of nutrients is N: P)2O5：K2O = 13-15: 3: 28-29 percent and 2.0 percent of chelated aluminum), the dosage is 3-5 kg per mu, the fertilizer is applied in a drip irrigation mode when the height of the plant is about 20cm in the first topdressing, and the fertilizer with the same dosage and the same application method are applied once every 12-16 days for 5-9 topdresses.
⑥ irrigation, namely drip irrigation is adopted for sandy loam according to the condition of soil, and micro-spraying is adopted for heavy-viscosity soil.
⑦ light and temperature control in the facility includes illumination intensity less than 10000Lux in seedling stage, less than 4 ten thousand Lux in growth stage, blooming period less than 3 ten thousand Lux, hydrangea growing temperature of 18-28 deg.c, winter temperature not lower than 5 deg.c, flower bud differentiation period of 6-8 weeks at 5-7 deg.c, 20 deg.c temperature for promoting blooming, and 16 deg.c after blooming period.
⑧ pruning, selecting stumping or short-cutting according to market requirement
⑨ it is used for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, such as aphid, etc., by pyrethroid or systemic pesticide, acarid by abamectin, and downy mildew and gray mold by antifungal pesticide.
⑩ collecting flower, collecting when 80% of calyx of the flower ball is colored, and generally leaving about 60cm of branch.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: by adopting the method for planting the blue hydrangea, provided by the invention, the nutrient structure is balanced, the application amount is reasonable, the vegetative growth performance of plants is stable, downy mildew and powdery mildew occur less, and the color of the planted blue hydrangea is uniform, bright and blue and has no variegated color. The yield of the commodity curd per mu reaches 5514 to 7951 branches, and the average yield is 6006 branches per mu; the commodity flower rate is 75-82%, and the average rate is 78.4%; the mu yield value is 71212, 121789 yuan, the average is 104991 yuan/mu, and the average gross profit is 102510 yuan/mu. The planting method for improving the commodity rate of the blue hydrangea flowers is popularized and applied for 8545 mu times in two years, the yield coefficient is calculated according to 0.9, the shrinkage coefficient is calculated according to 0.8, the total new yield value is 28931.66 ten thousand yuan, the net gross profit is 29484.76 ten thousand yuan after the investment cost of agricultural materials is deducted, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
Therefore, by adopting the blue hydrangea planting method provided by the invention, the yield of commodity pollen balls per mu is improved by 111.3 percent compared with the traditional planting method, the yield value per mu is improved by 78.0 percent, the profit per mu is improved by 84.3 percent, and a higher yield value can be obtained in unit area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a high quality blue embroidery ball.
Detailed Description
A planting method for improving commodity rate of blue hydrangea comprises the following steps:
① A seedling method of hydrangea comprises mixing natural turf, fermented agricultural solid waste (crop stalks) with puffed mineral substances 25-50 wt% to obtain matrix, and cutting in greenhouse with water soluble rooting agent.
② adopts steel frame greenhouse facility, and is matched with shading and water and fertilizer integrated facility.
③ rhizosphere soil improvement:
1) and (3) additionally applying an organic fertilizer, wherein 0.12-0.25 kg of the organic fertilizer meeting the quality requirement of NY 525 and 2012 organic fertilizers is applied to each pond.
2) Adjusting the pH value of rhizosphere soil, adjusting when the pH value of the soil is not in the range of 4.5-5.5, and adjusting the pH value of the soil with the pH value higher than 5.5 by using an acid soil conditioner (an acid organic fertilizer with the patent number of ZL 201410297122.1) with the pH value of 2.5-4.5 for 5-12 liters per pond; for the soil with the pH value less than 4.5, 5-12 liters of alkaline soil conditioner (alkaline organic fertilizer with the patent number of ZL 201410297127.4) with the pH value of 7.5-8.5 is adopted for regulation.
④, planting in single-ridge single-row mode, single-ridge double-row mode and the like, planting 800-1000 plants per mu, and digging a pond for transplanting.
⑤ fertilization:
1) and (3) seedling extraction and fertilizer application: 4-6 kg/mu of ammonium sulfate is added with water for watering after 7-10 days after stumping and pruning;
2) topdressing: the fertilizers are special blue hydrangea (nutrient mass percentage: N: P)2O5：K2O = 14: 3: 30+ chelated aluminum 2.0%), 3-5 kg per mu, applying fertilizer by drip irrigation when the plant height is about 20cm for the first topdressing, and applying fertilizer with the same amount and the same application method for 5-9 times at intervals of 12-16 days later.
The special fertilizer for blue hydrangea comprises 530 kg of potassium nitrate, 50 kg of monoammonium phosphate, 100 kg of potassium sulfate, 300 kg of ammonium sulfate and 20 kg of chelated aluminum, and is prepared by fully and uniformly mixing the materials, crushing the materials, sieving the crushed materials by using a 2mm sieve, uniformly mixing the crushed materials for the second time, and quantitatively packaging the crushed materials into 5 kg/bag.
According to the formula requirement of the special fertilizer for blue hydrangea, selecting a monomer fertilizer, wherein the nutrient content of each monomer fertilizer is as follows:
the preparation method of the chelated aluminum comprises the following steps:
weighing aluminum sulfate Al2(SO4)334.20 kg, disodium edetate C10H14N2Na2O8•2H2O37.20 kg, citric acid C6H8O7•H2And (3) 10 kg of O2, mixing the three compounds, and continuously stirring for 2 hours to ensure that the three compounds are fully and uniformly reacted to obtain powdery chelated aluminum.
⑥ irrigation, namely drip irrigation is adopted for sandy soil according to the condition of soil, and micro-spraying is adopted for heavy-viscosity soil.
⑦ light and temperature control in the facility includes illumination intensity less than 10000Lux in seedling stage, less than 4 ten thousand Lux in growth stage, blooming period less than 3 ten thousand Lux, hydrangea growing temperature of 18-28 deg.c, winter temperature not lower than 5 deg.c, flower bud differentiation period of 6-8 weeks at 5-7 deg.c, 20 deg.c temperature for promoting blooming, and 16 deg.c after blooming period.
⑧ pruning, selecting stumping or short-cutting according to market requirement
⑨ it is used for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, such as aphid, etc., by pyrethroid or systemic pesticide, acarid by abamectin, and downy mildew and gray mold by antifungal pesticide.
⑩ collecting flower, collecting when 80% of calyx of the flower ball is colored, and generally leaving about 60cm of branch.
By adopting the planting method for improving the commodity rate of the blue hydrangea, the method is widely popularized and applied in the Hongta region of Yuxi city and Jinningun county of Kunming city from 1 month to 2016 and 12 months. In the process of popularization and application, the selection of the place of a planter before planting, the physical and chemical properties of the soil of a field block, the quality of irrigation water and the like are detected and guided, and important basic guarantee is provided for vast hydrangea planters or owners to select the place and plant the type of hydrangea; in each important link in the planting process, 93 training courses are conducted on hydrangea planters or owners by adopting a field on-site guidance training mode, 2765 training courses are conducted on the planters or the owners cumulatively, so that each scientific and technological measure is effectively implemented, and 8545 mu of training courses are used cumulatively and occupy 74.5% of the blue hydrangea planting area in the area.
The popularization and application results are as follows: for two years, in the blue hydrangea planting implementation area, 12 fields (fields) are randomly selected and compared with 9 conventional planting fields (fields) for comparison test. The result shows that the yield of the commodity pompon per mu by adopting the blue hydrangea planting method provided by the invention reaches 5514 to 7951 branches, and the average yield is 6006 branches per mu; the commodity flower rate is 75-82%, and the average rate is 78.4%; the mu yield value is 71212, 121789 yuan, the average is 104991 yuan/mu, and the average gross profit is 102510 yuan/mu. Compared with the conventional cultivation, the yield of the commercial ball flower per mu reaches 3035 to 4125, and the average number of the commercial ball flower per mu reaches 3624; the commodity flower rate is 30.1-45.2%, and the average is 36.6%; the mu yield value is 50612 and 64515 yuan, the average is 58126 yuan/mu, and the average gross profit is 54832 yuan/mu (see the following table).
Comparison table of planting technology for improving commodity rate of blue hydrangea flowers and conventional planting technology
The planting method for improving the commodity rate of the blue hydrangea flowers is popularized and applied for 8545 mu times in two years, the yield coefficient is calculated according to 0.9, the shrinkage coefficient is calculated according to 0.8, the total new yield value is 28931.66 ten thousand yuan, the net gross profit is 29484.76 ten thousand yuan after the investment cost of agricultural materials is deducted, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
Claims (3)
1. A planting method for improving commodity rate of blue hydrangea comprises the following steps:
the hydrangea seedling method comprises the following steps: natural turf, fermented agricultural solid waste, and expanded mineral substances are taken as a matrix according to a proper proportion, and dipped in a water-soluble rooting agent for cuttage seedling in a facility shed;
② adopts steel frame greenhouse facility, and is matched with shading and water-fertilizer integrated facility;
③ rhizosphere soil improvement:
1) applying an organic fertilizer, wherein 0.12-0.25 kg of the organic fertilizer meeting the quality requirement of NY 525 and 2012 organic fertilizers is applied to each pond;
2) regulating the pH value of rhizosphere soil, regulating when the pH value of the soil is not within the range of 4.5-5.5, and regulating the soil with the pH value higher than 5.5 by adopting 5-12 liters of acid soil conditioner with the pH value of 2.5-4.5 per pond; for the soil with the pH value less than 4.5, 5-12 liters of alkaline soil conditioner with the pH value of 7.5-8.5 is adopted for regulation;
④, planting in a single-ridge single-row mode or a single-ridge double-row mode, planting 800-1000 plants per mu, and digging a pond for transplanting;
⑤ fertilization:
1) and (3) seedling extraction and fertilizer application: 4-6 kg/mu of ammonium sulfate is added with water for watering after 7-10 days after stumping and pruning;
2) topdressing: the fertilizer is a special fertilizer for blue hydrangea, wherein the nutrient content comprises the following components in percentage by mass: n: p2O5：K2O = 13-15: 3: 28-29, adding chelated aluminum accounting for 2.0 percent of the total mass of the nitrogen, applying fertilizer in a drip irrigation mode with the dosage of 3-5 kg per mu, and applying the special blue hydrangea dedicated fertilizer with the same dosage and the same application method once every 12-16 days when the first topdressing is about 20cm of plant height, wherein the additional dressing is 5-9 times in total; the special fertilizer for blue hydrangea is prepared by adopting the following monomer fertilizer according to the following steps of fully mixing 530 kg of potassium nitrate, 50 kg of monoammonium phosphate, 100 kg of potassium sulfate, 300 kg of ammonium sulfate and 20 kg of chelated aluminum, crushing the materials, sieving the materials by using a 2mm sieve, uniformly mixing the materials for the second time, and quantitatively packaging the materials into 5 kg/bag;
⑥ irrigation, namely drip irrigation is adopted for sandy loam according to the condition of soil, and micro-spraying is adopted for heavy-viscosity soil;
⑦ controlling light temperature in facility, wherein the light intensity is less than or equal to 10000Lux in seedling stage, less than or equal to 4 ten thousand Lux in vigorous growth stage, less than or equal to 3 ten thousand Lux in flowering stage, the growth temperature of hydrangea is 18-28 deg.C, and the temperature in winter is not lower than 5 deg.C;
flower bud differentiation needs to be carried out for 6-8 weeks at 5-7 ℃, flowering can be promoted at 20 ℃, and the flowering period can be prolonged by maintaining 16 ℃ after flowering;
⑧ trimming, selecting stumping or short-cutting trimming according to market requirement;
⑨ preventing and treating diseases and pests, such as aphid, etc., by pyrethroid or systemic pesticide, acarid by abamectin, and downy mildew and gray mold by antifungal pesticide;
⑩ collecting flower, collecting when 80% of calyx of the flower ball is colored, and generally leaving about 60cm of branch.
2. The planting method for increasing commodity rate of blue hydrangea as claimed in claim 1, wherein said chelated aluminum is weighed aluminum sulfate Al2(SO4)334.20 kg, disodium edetate C10H14N2Na2O8•2H2O37.20 kg, citric acid C6H8O7•H2And (3) 10 kg of O2, mixing the three compounds, and continuously stirring for 2 hours to ensure that the three compounds are fully and uniformly reacted to obtain powdery chelated aluminum.
3. The planting method for improving the commodity rate of the blue hydrangea as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the nutrient content of each monomer fertilizer is as follows:
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