CN103548578B - Planting method for Chinese medicinal plant tuckahoe - Google Patents
Planting method for Chinese medicinal plant tuckahoe Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a planting method for a Chinese medicinal plant tuckahoe. The planting method comprises the following steps: selecting strain seeds, culturing the strain seeds, adjusting the pH value of soil, disinsecting, preparing wood, inoculating, carrying out field management, preventing and eliminating plant diseases and insect pests, harvesting and processing, so as to obtain high-quality tuckahoe meeting the requirements of the market. The tuckahoe obtained according to the planting method is purely natural, and high in quality and yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the implantation methods of a kind of implantation methods of traditional Chinese medicine, particularly Poria cocos.
Background technology
Poria cocos is the dry sclerotia of On Polyporaceae Poria cocos Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf, and another name cloud Siberian cocklebur, loose Poria cocos are the fungies colonized on pine tree.Medicinal effects is dry sclerotia body.Document is the earliest recorded and is come from Shennong's Herbal, is commonly called as Yun Ling, Song Ling, Fu spirit, and for colonizing in the fungi plant on pine roots, shape is as sweet potato, and crust pitchy, the inside is white or pink.Its eobiont is the dry sclerotia of On Polyporaceae Poria cocos, and multiparasitism is in the root of masson pine or Japanese red pine.Originate in the ground such as Yunnan, Anhui, Hubei, Henan, Sichuan.Ancients claim Poria cocos to be " when four god medicine ", because its effect widely, regardless of the four seasons, by it and various compatibility of drugs, no matter cold, temperature, wind, wet all diseases, can play its unique effects.Poria cocos taste is sweet, light, property is put down, and is used as medicine and has the function of clearing damp and promoting diuresis, beneficial spleen and stomach, antitoxic heart-soothing and sedative.Modern medicine study: Poria cocos energy enhanced machine body immunity function, pachymaran has significantly antitumor and protect the liver dirty effect.
Pharmacological effect: traditional effect, clearing damp and promoting diuresis, strengthening the spleen and reducing phlegm, antitoxic heart-soothing and sedative, relieves internal heat anticancer.Mild in medicine property and, dampness removing and do not hinder healthy tendency.Take in right amount can be used as spring and summer wet season take good care of good merchantable brand, difficult urination can be controlled, oedema turgor, phlegm and retained fluid cough inverse, inverse, the vomiting during early pregnancy of vomitting, have loose bowels, pass out semen, stranguria with turbid discharge, palpitation with fear, the disease such as forgetful.Contained pachymic acid has develop immunitypty, antitumor and calm, hypoglycemic etc. effect.Can be relaxed gastrointestinal smooth muscle, the effects such as gastric acid secretion inhibiting, prevents necrosis of liver cells, antibacterial.Effect of latest find, the main component in Poria cocos is pachyman, and content is very high.Inhibitory action is had to various bacteria; Can hydrochloric acid in gastric juice be fallen, have preventive effect to digestive tract ulcer; Significant protective effect is had to hepatic injury; There is antineoplastic action; Many-sided immunologic function can be regulated; Neuroleptic Leukocytopenia caused by chemotherapy can be made to accelerate; And have calm effect.
Poria cocos multiparasitism is on masson pine or Duan Mu, and it grows and can be divided into two stages: i.e. mycelia (white filiform) stage and the sclerotium stage.Vegetative stage, mainly mycelia absorbs moisture and nutrition from wood surface, and secretase decomposes and transforms the organic matter (cellulose) in timber simultaneously, makes mycelia spread vigorous growth in wood.Second stage is that mycelia is coalescent agglomerating to the middle and later periods, forms sclerotium (also known as knot etc.) gradually.Tie the quality of Siberian cocklebur size and bacterial classification, nutritional condition and the envirment factor such as temperature, humidity and have substantial connection.The bacterial classification of different cultivars, the time length of knot Siberian cocklebur is also different, and some kinds start to tie Siberian cocklebur after planting for 3 ~ 4 months, and some is then comparatively slow, needs 6 ~ 7 months.Early maturing variety can be gathered in the crops after planting for 9 ~ 10 months, and late-maturing kind then needs 12 ~ 14 months.
Poria cocos happiness is warm, dry, the place that faces south, and avoid north wind and blow and scrape, distribute in the pine forest of about 700 meters the most extensively with height above sea level, temperature is advisable with 10 ~ 35.The artificial planting of Poria cocos needs to use pine tree, plant every mu of Poria cocos pine tree consumption at 6-10 ton left and right timber, Poria cocos bacterial classification every mu needs 1800-2000 bag, the about 1000-2000 kilogram of general per mu yield, but at present owing to planting not science in various places, pine tree large usage quantity, yield poorly, so cost is higher, how when reducing pine tree consumption of wood, improve the seed output and quality of Poria cocos, also have a lot of people to make great efforts to carry out exploratory development at present.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods of Poria cocos, in order to the pine tree wood producing yield less in use is high, the measured Poria cocos of matter, meet the needs on market.
The present invention is achieved in that
The implantation methods of Poria cocos, comprise that bacterial classification seed selection, Spawn incubation, expansion cultivation, soil are got the raw materials ready with acid-base value adjustment, desinsection, wood wholely, inoculated, field management, damage by disease and insect prevent and kill off, pick and process, obtains the process of high-quality Poria cocos,
Described bacterial classification seed selection from the Poria cocos of the firm results of stable high yield, chooses the large Siberian cocklebur of single heavy more than 2.5 kilograms, the special fine quality adopting adaptation local temperature, weather; Thalline is subsphaeroidal, and crust is thinner, light yellow or brownish red.Grow vigorous, appearance has obvious crackle.Inner Siberian cocklebur meat is white, and juice is more-and Poria cocos strong flavor, crust damage without insect bite, and without difference of rotting, the kind Siberian cocklebur wet lapped of collection is buried, with anti-drying.
Described Spawn incubation gets middle Poria cocos meat by after the above-mentioned kind Siberian cocklebur surface clean chosen and sterilization, on the medium of access test tube slant or triangular flask, moves in 22 ~ 25 DEG C of insulating boxs and cultivate 5-7 days, obtain bacterial classification; Miscellaneous bacteria is scalded dead with scorching hot inoculation shovel or is dug out process by miscellaneous bacteria wherein.Specifically the above-mentioned kind Siberian cocklebur clear water chosen is rinsed extremely without silt, dry with gauze, then at the whole bacterium ball of the indoor 50-70% alcohol rinse of inoculation, carry out surface sterilization, then use aseptic water washing 2-4 time, after kind of Siberian cocklebur surface dry, two halves are cut into aseptic cutter, the whiter Siberian cocklebur meat of picking soya bean size, on the medium of access test tube slant or triangular flask, labelled after inoculation, indicate kind of Siberian cocklebur source and an inoculation time etc.Move in 22 ~ 25 DEG C of insulating boxs and cultivate, 5-7 days, obtains bacterial classification.
Potato agar medium used herein, fills a prescription as potato or 200 grams, Ipomoea batatas, glucose 30 grams, 20 grams, agar, potassium dihydrogen phosphate l gram, 0.3 gram, magnesium sulfate, 0.5 gram, ferrous sulfate, 1000 milliliters, water; Medium needs sterilizing after carrying out.
It is fragment pine being cut into size 0.5 ~ 3 centimetre that described expansion is cultivated, 110 ~ 125 DEG C of steam sterilizings, 20 ~ 30 minutes, expand the access of Poria cocos mycelia in medium and fragment and cultivate, in the thermostatic chamber of 20 ~ 28 DEG C, cultivate 5-10 days, mycelia covers with media surface; After 5-7 days, the mycelia of Spawn incubation is covered with media surface and can expand cultivation, pine is cut into the fragment of size 0.5 ~ 3 centimetre, 110 ~ 125 DEG C of steam sterilizings, 20 ~ 30 minutes, mix evenly with medium, be placed on flat board, the access of Poria cocos mycelia is expanded medium culture.
Described medium is corn flour 30-50 weight portion, wheat bran 15 ~ 20 weight portion, manioc waste 20-40 weight portion, waste molasses of sugar plant 10-20 weight portion, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5-18 weight portion, magnesium sulfate 1-3 weight portion, ferrous sulfate 1-3 weight portion, pine sawdust 150-200 weight portion, the mixing that adds water makes its water content 60-90%, 110 ~ 125 DEG C of steam sterilizings, 20 ~ 30 minutes.
Described soil wholely and be select well-drained hillside, soil with based on yellow ground soil; Or yellow clay is added the fine sand mixing of 1/3 ~ 2/3.
Acid-base value adjusts, and faintly acid soil liked by Poria cocos, and pH value is 4.5 to 6.5; So will according to the soil property situation of planting site,, alkaline Organic Manure on Soil acid-base value acid with lime, aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate or band adjusts, if below 4.5, can suitably use a small amount of lime, regulate pH to reduce the harm of some heavy metal element.And during alkaline too high soil, a small amount of aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, humic acid fertilizer etc. can be added, soil is increased acid.Content of beary metal must strict control, and also requires away from city and industrial area and village and highway, with prevent town and country dust, waste water, waste gas and too much human activity bring pollution to Poria cocos.
Desinsection, needs after putting soil in order to carry out soil disinfection with killing termite medicine, prevents termite from eating into and stings pine tree.
Wood is got the raw materials ready, dry section wood method of getting the raw materials ready selects the good-for-nothing pine tree of more than diameter 12cm to cut down, or stays after drawing materials end to end, strikes off small stems, the pine tree that diameter is more than 10 centimetres rives into 6-8 sheet, diameter less than 6 centimetres rive into 2-4 sheet, rive and remove part bark instead of whole barks, dried through 10 ~ 20 days, be sawn into the segment of long 70 ~ 80cm, and by " well " font stacking in dry area without shade, section grillage upper cover forage, rainy season must cover plastic film.
The pine tree of pine tree is be the black pine in Pinaceae pine genus plant, Chinese pine, Korean pine, Huashan pine, pinus yunnanensis, pinus khasys, masson pine etc., the most area of China is covered with masson pine and Chinese pine, the present invention can suit measures to local conditions, and selects local good-for-nothing pine tree to be raw material.
Inoculation, along slope aspect trench digging in whole good planting site, the earth in ditch has mixed control termites medicine, lays out pine tree section, pine tree section cuts or cuts out osculum, be implanted in pine tree section by expanding the spile covering with Poria cocos mycelia cultivated, the pine tree of implantation mycelia is intersegmental is divided into 5-10 centimetre, covers clean pine tree fragment or pine trunk thin slice above juggle, then earthing 10 ~ 15cm, put up mat shelter above, keep the temperature 20-30 DEG C of soil, water content 20-40%.
Field management, latter 7 ~ 10 days of inoculation, just can grow the Poria cocos mycelia of white, at this moment should check the bacterium feelings in each location, to fill a vacancy in time.After Poria cocos inoculation, individual month of 1-2, loses basal plane and grows mycelia, also do not smell and have Poria cocos smell, reseed.Reseeding is that section wood by not going up bacterium all digs out, and dries moisture, is again cut by wound, separately connect bacterial classification.
Inoculate after 7 ~ 10 days, if find termite, termite should be sprayed at it or on ant road with killing termite medicine immediately, prevent and treat.
After Poria cocos forms sclerotium (knot Siberian cocklebur), as found, Poria cocos bassets and should earth up in time and weeding, and rainy season will note draining.
Pick and process, Poria cocos generally after inoculation 8 ~ 10 months ripe.The Poria cocos of gathering is deposited in indoor lee, covers tightly placement 5 ~ 6 days with straw, then spread out and dry in the air 1 ~ 2 day.After moisture evaporation, again pile up, then after covering tightly put 5 ~ 6 days with straw, peeling, puts into food steamer water proof and cooks to the saturating heart, or ripe in the saturating heart with poach, water to be changed when boiling 3 ~ 4 times, then dice, be placed in bamboo mat or bamboo sieve, on cover 1 blank sheet of paper, shine under putting sunlight to absolutely dry, in case of overcast and rainy available charcoal fire is dried or heated-air drying, but the baking of unavailable naked light, avoid sootiness that Indian buead tablet is turned yellow, affect product quality.
Substantive distinguishing features of the present invention and significant progress:
1, choose seeds from the Poria cocos of the firm results of stable high yield, adopt the fine quality adapting to local temperature, weather, ensure that strain quality;
2, to soil acidity or alkalinity adjustment, with lime and ferrous sulfate or humic acid organic fertilizer adjustment soil pH value.
3, oneself medium through studying for many years is adopted, corn flour 30-50 weight portion, wheat bran 15 ~ 20 weight portion, manioc waste 20-40 weight portion, waste molasses of sugar plant 10-20 weight portion, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5-18 weight portion, magnesium sulfate 1-3 weight portion, ferrous sulfate 1-3 weight portion, pine sawdust 150-200 weight portion, ensures the cultivation expanding bacterial classification.Particularly manioc waste, is the waste material of starch factory, containing a small amount of starch, can be salvaged.
4, adopt rational administrative skill, ensure good quality and high output.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The present inventor carries out artificial planting Poria cocos in Mashan township, Heng County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and concrete steps are as follows:
Choose the large Siberian cocklebur of single heavy more than 2.5 kilograms the high-quality Poria cocos kind of the adaptation local temperature from the firm results of local stable high yield in 2012, weather, thalline is subsphaeroidal, and crust is thinner, light yellow or brownish red.Grow vigorous, appearance has obvious crackle.Inner Siberian cocklebur meat is white, and juice is more-and Poria cocos strong flavor, crust damage without insect bite, and without difference of rotting, the kind Siberian cocklebur wet lapped of collection is buried, with anti-drying.
Then get middle Poria cocos meat by after the kind Siberian cocklebur surface clean chosen and sterilization, on the medium of access test tube slant or triangular flask, move in 22 ~ 25 DEG C of insulating boxs and cultivate 5-7 days, obtain bacterial classification; Miscellaneous bacteria is scalded dead with scorching hot inoculation shovel or is dug out process by miscellaneous bacteria wherein.Specifically the above-mentioned kind Siberian cocklebur clear water chosen is rinsed extremely without silt, dry with gauze, then at the whole bacterium ball of the indoor 50-70% alcohol rinse of inoculation, carry out surface sterilization, then use aseptic water washing 2-4 time, after kind of Siberian cocklebur surface dry, two halves are cut into aseptic cutter, the whiter Siberian cocklebur meat of picking soya bean size, on the medium of access test tube slant or triangular flask, labelled after inoculation, indicate kind of Siberian cocklebur source and an inoculation time etc.Move in 22 ~ 25 DEG C of insulating boxs and cultivate, 5-7 days, obtains bacterial classification.
Use potato agar medium, fill a prescription as potato or 200 grams, Ipomoea batatas, glucose 30 grams, 20 grams, agar, potassium dihydrogen phosphate l gram, 0.3 gram, magnesium sulfate, 0.5 gram, ferrous sulfate, 1000 milliliters, water; Medium needs sterilizing after carrying out.
After obtaining bacterial classification, can expand cultivation, be fragment pine being cut into size 0.5 ~ 3 centimetre, 110 ~ 125 DEG C of steam sterilizings, 20 ~ 30 minutes, expand the access of Poria cocos mycelia in medium and fragment and cultivate, in the thermostatic chamber of 20 ~ 28 DEG C, cultivate 5-10 days, mycelia covers with media surface; After 5-7 days, the mycelia of Spawn incubation is covered with media surface and can expand cultivation, pine is cut into the fragment of size 0.5 ~ 3 centimetre, 110 ~ 125 DEG C of steam sterilizings, 20 ~ 30 minutes, mix evenly with medium, be placed on flat board, the access of Poria cocos mycelia is expanded medium culture.
Medium of the present invention is through the medium of test of many times, for corn flour 30-50 weight portion, wheat bran 15 ~ 20 weight portion, manioc waste 20-40 weight portion, waste molasses of sugar plant 10-20 weight portion, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5-18 weight portion, magnesium sulfate 1-3 weight portion, ferrous sulfate 1-3 weight portion, pine sawdust 150-200 weight portion, the mixing that adds water makes its water content 60-90%, 110 ~ 125 DEG C of steam sterilizings, 20 ~ 30 minutes.
Cultivate while bacterial classification in expansion, we carry out whole to soil, select well-drained hillside, and soil is with based on yellow ground soil; Or yellow clay is added the fine sand mixing of 1/3 ~ 2/3.
Acid-base value adjusts, and faintly acid soil liked by Poria cocos, and pH value is 4.5 to 6.5; So will according to the soil property situation of planting site,, alkaline Organic Manure on Soil acid-base value acid with lime, aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate or band adjusts, if below 4.5, can suitably use a small amount of lime, regulate pH to reduce the harm of some heavy metal element.And during alkaline too high soil, a small amount of aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, humic acid fertilizer etc. can be added, soil is increased acid.Content of beary metal must strict control, and also requires away from city and industrial area and village and highway, with prevent town and country dust, waste water, waste gas and too much human activity bring pollution to Poria cocos.
Desinsection, puts soil in order and carries out soil disinfection with killing termite medicine, prevents termite from eating into and stings pine tree.
Wood is got the raw materials ready, dry section wood method of getting the raw materials ready selects the good-for-nothing Chinese pine pine tree of more than diameter 12cm to cut down, or stay after drawing materials end to end, strike off small stems, the pine tree that diameter is more than 10 centimetres rives into 6-8 sheet, diameter less than 6 centimetres rive into 2-4 sheet, rive and remove part bark instead of whole bark, dried through 10 ~ 20 days, be sawn into the segment of long 70 ~ 80cm, and by " well " font stacking in dry area without shade, section grillage upper cover forage and plastic film rainproof.
Inoculation, along slope aspect trench digging in whole good planting site, the earth in ditch has mixed control termites medicine, lays out pine tree section, pine tree section cuts or cuts out osculum, be implanted in pine tree section by expanding the spile covering with Poria cocos mycelia cultivated, the pine tree of implantation mycelia is intersegmental is divided into 5-10 centimetre, covers clean pine tree fragment or pine trunk thin slice above juggle, then earthing 10 ~ 15cm, put up mat shelter above, keep the temperature 20-30 DEG C of soil, water content 20-40%.
Field management, latter 7 ~ 10 days of inoculation, just can grow the Poria cocos mycelia of white, at this moment should check the bacterium feelings in each location, to fill a vacancy in time.After Poria cocos inoculation, individual month of 1-2, loses basal plane and grows mycelia, also do not smell and have Poria cocos smell, reseed.Reseeding is that section wood by not going up bacterium all digs out, and dries moisture, is again cut by wound, separately connect bacterial classification.
Inoculate after 7 ~ 10 days, if find termite, termite should be sprayed at it or on ant road with killing termite medicine immediately, prevent and treat.
After Poria cocos forms sclerotium (knot Siberian cocklebur), as found, Poria cocos bassets and should earth up in time and weeding, and rainy season will note draining.
Pick and process, Poria cocos generally after inoculation 8 ~ 10 months ripe.The Poria cocos of gathering is deposited in indoor lee, covers tightly placement 5 ~ 6 days with straw, then spread out and dry in the air 1 ~ 2 day.After moisture evaporation, again pile up, then after covering tightly put 5 ~ 6 days with straw, peeling, puts into food steamer water proof and cooks to the saturating heart, or ripe in the saturating heart with poach, water to be changed when boiling 3 ~ 4 times, then dice, be placed in bamboo mat or bamboo sieve, on cover 1 blank sheet of paper, shine under putting sunlight to absolutely dry, in case of overcast and rainy available charcoal fire is dried or heated-air drying, but the baking of unavailable naked light, avoid sootiness that Indian buead tablet is turned yellow, affect product quality.。
The Poria cocos product that above-described embodiment obtains meets national Specification, and without fertilizer and pesticide, heavy metal free, pollutes without harmful chemical, at home there is sale in market at present, obtains the welcome on market.
Claims (1)
1. an implantation methods for Poria cocos, is characterized in that, the steps include: that bacterial classification seed selection, Spawn incubation, expansion cultivation, soil are got the raw materials ready with acid-base value adjustment, desinsection, wood wholely, inoculates, field management, damage by disease and insect prevent and kill off and pick and process;
Described bacterial classification seed selection is from the Poria cocos of the firm results of stable high yield, choose the large Siberian cocklebur of single heavy more than 2.5 kilograms, adopts the fine quality of adaptation local temperature, weather;
Described Spawn incubation gets middle Poria cocos meat by after the above-mentioned kind Siberian cocklebur surface clean chosen and sterilization, on the medium of access test tube slant or triangular flask, moves in 22 ~ 25 DEG C of insulating boxs and cultivate 5-7 days, obtain bacterial classification; Miscellaneous bacteria is scalded dead with scorching hot inoculation shovel or is dug out process by miscellaneous bacteria wherein; Described medium is: potato or 200 grams, Ipomoea batatas, glucose 30 grams, 20 grams, agar, potassium dihydrogen phosphate l gram, 0.3 gram, magnesium sulfate, 0.5 gram, ferrous sulfate, 1000 milliliters, water, and medium needs sterilizing after carrying out;
It is fragment pine being cut into size 0.5 ~ 3 centimetre that described expansion is cultivated, 110 ~ 125 DEG C of steam sterilizings, 20 ~ 30 minutes, be placed on flat board, the access of Poria cocos mycelia is expanded in medium and fragment and cultivates, in the thermostatic chamber of 20 ~ 28 DEG C, cultivate 5-10 days, mycelia covers with media surface; Described expansion medium is: corn flour 30-50 weight portion, wheat bran 15-20 weight portion, manioc waste 20-40 weight portion, waste molasses of sugar plant 10-20 weight portion, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5-18 weight portion, magnesium sulfate 1-3 weight portion, ferrous sulfate 1-3 weight portion, pine sawdust 150-200 weight portion, the mixing that adds water makes its water content 60-90%, 110-125 DEG C of steam sterilizing, 20-30 minute;
Described soil is select well-drained hillside wholely, and soil is based on yellow ground soil; Or yellow clay is added the fine sand mixing of 1/3 ~ 2/3;
Described acid-base value adjustment, be the soil property situation according to planting site, alkaline Organic Manure on Soil acid-base value acid with lime, aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate or band adjusts, and content of beary metal must strictly control, also require away from city and industrial area, preventing pollution; Described desinsection carries out soil disinfection with killing termite medicine after putting soil in order, prevents termite from eating into and sting pine tree;
Described wood get the raw materials ready be select the good-for-nothing pine tree of more than diameter 12cm or get strike off good material after stay end to end, strike off small stems, rive into 2-8 sheet, remove part bark after riving but want reserve part bark, dry, be sawn into segment, stacking is in dry area without shade, section grillage upper cover forage, rainy season must cover plastic film;
Described inoculation is ditched along slope aspect in whole good planting site, earth in ditch has mixed control termites medicine, lay out pine tree section, pine tree section cuts or cuts out osculum, being implanted in pine tree section by expanding the fragment covering with Poria cocos mycelia cultivated, implanting back upper place and covering clean pine tree fragment or pine trunk thin slice, then earthing, keep the temperature 20-30 DEG C of soil, water content 20-40%;
Described field management, is latter 7 ~ 10 days of inoculation, checks the bacterium feelings in each location, to fill a vacancy in time; After Poria cocos inoculation, individual month of 1-2, loses basal plane and grows mycelia, also do not smell and have Poria cocos smell, reseed; After Poria cocos forms sclerotium, as found, Poria cocos bassets and should earth up in time and weeding, and rainy season will note draining;
Described pick and process, is that the Poria cocos of gathering is deposited in indoor lee, covers tightly placement 5 ~ 6 days with straw, then spread out and dry in the air 1 ~ 2 day, after moisture evaporation, again pile up, then after covering tightly put 5 ~ 6 days with straw, peeling, put into food steamer water proof to cook, then stripping and slicing, dries, or heated-air drying.
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| CN101491194A (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2009-07-29 | 云南农业大学 | High-efficiency environmental-protection Tuckahoe cultivation method |
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| CN101578945A (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2009-11-18 | 贵州信邦中药发展有限公司 | Cultivating method of tuckahoe |
| CN101695256B (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2011-04-27 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | Technique for producing tuckahoe cultivated species |
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