CN103518451B - Efficient mechanical topdressing method for rice field in cold region - Google Patents
Efficient mechanical topdressing method for rice field in cold region Download PDFInfo
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- CN103518451B CN103518451B CN201310494899.2A CN201310494899A CN103518451B CN 103518451 B CN103518451 B CN 103518451B CN 201310494899 A CN201310494899 A CN 201310494899A CN 103518451 B CN103518451 B CN 103518451B
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Abstract
The invention provides an efficient mechanical topdressing method for rice field in a cold region and relates to a mechanical topdressing method. The invention is mainly used for solving the problems that fertilizer in the existing rice seedling transplanting and fertilizing machine absorbs moisture in a topdressing process, moistened fertilizer can easily block a fertilizer applying pipe and normal mechanical topdressing is difficultly carried out and the problems that topdressing frequency is high and topdressing effect is poor in the traditional topdressing process. The efficient mechanical topdressing method for the rice field in the cold region is realized by the following steps: firstly, preparing a bulk blending fertilizer, wherein the bulk blending fertilizer is composed of a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and a controlled release nitrogen fertilizer; secondly, the bulk blending fertilizer is applied when a rice seedling transplanting machine is used for transplanting rice seedlings. According to the efficient mechanical topdressing method for the rice field in the cold region, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer are mechanically topdressed in one step when the rice seedlings are transplanted, the problems that fertilizer absorbs moisture, moistened fertilizer blocks the fertilizer applying pipe and normal mechanical topdressing is difficultly carried out are solved, and the bulk blending fertilizer containing the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is topdressed in one step, so that the requirement of rice on nitrogen from a rice seedling transplanting period to a mature period is met; meanwhile, fertilizer is applied in one step by adopting the rice seedling transplanting and fertilizing machine, so that fertilization is simplified and efficient. The efficient mechanical topdressing method for the rice field in the cold region is applied to the agricultural technical field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mechanization topdressing method.
Background technology
Nitrogen is one of crucial limiting factor of crop yield raising.How making nitrogen application and crop need nitrogen to match is the focus studied both at home and abroad.In order to realize high crop yield, the target of nutrition efficient, International Plant nutrient research propose the best nutrient management principle of " 4R ".Namely, when applying fertilizer, the determination total amount of science; Execute the period in the best; Select the suitableeest kind; Execute in place.At present, be that the best nutrient management technology of representative achieves " 4R " principle substantially in the world with the U.S., and domestic and there is a big difference.The mechanization degree particularly applied fertilizer in China's Rice Production is minimum, and base manure spreads fertilizer over the fields after being mostly the whole ground of water, and then rotary tillage, really cannot accomplish the deep placement of nitrogenous fertilizer.Chasing after nitrogen is just top application completely, this fertilization mode causes nitrogen to lose in a large number, and also there is the irregular problem of Term Fertilization in artificially applying fertilizer, cause partial fertilizer excessive or not enough, bring very large difficulty to farmland standardized management, become restriction rice yield and the key issue that improves further of nitrogen efficiency.
Topdress although existing rice transplanting fertilizer distributor can carry out machinery, the easy moisture absorption of urea in process of topdressing, after fertilizer deliquescence, easily blocking fertilising is managed, and has become the main limiting factor of mechanization top dressing technique application.More crucially, using of rice field ear manuer can only by manually completing, and this has become the bottleneck problem of Paddy fields mechanization.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the easy moisture absorption of existing rice transplanting fertilizer distributor fertilizer in the process of topdressing, after deliquescence, easily blocking fertilising pipe causes machinery to topdress being difficult to normally carry out, and tradition is topdressed the problem of weak effect often, and the cold region rice efficient mechanical topdressing method provided.
Cold region rice efficient mechanical topdressing method realizes according to the following steps:
One, the preparation of bulk blended fertilizer: bulk blended fertilizer is made up of instant nitrogenousfertilizer and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, instant nitrogenousfertilizer 80kg/ha ~ 120kg/ha, Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer is 60kg/ha ~ 100kg/ha, wherein instant nitrogenousfertilizer is made up of amidonitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and zinc fertilizer, the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen and amidonitrogen is 1:(0.9 ~ 1.1), in Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, the mass fraction of nitrogen is 35% ~ 45%, and in zinc fertilizer, Zn-ef ficiency accounts for 0.3% ~ 0.5% of bulk blended fertilizer quality;
Two, bulk blended fertilizer is used: while rice transplanting, use bulk blended fertilizer, specifically carry out in the steps below: will prepare the bulk blended fertilizer obtained in step one and be placed in the fertilizer groove of rice transplanting fertilizer distributor, rice transplanting fertilizer distributor adopts side deep fertilizing method to apply fertilizer.
First the present invention changes the formulation of fertilizer, no longer directly apply urea or the bulk blended fertilizer containing urea, and use the bulk blended fertilizer formed containing instant nitrogenousfertilizer and the Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer by amidonitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and zinc fertilizer granulation, the ratio of this detecting ammonium nitrogen in fertilizer and amidonitrogen is 1:(0.9 ~ 1.1), so both effectively can solve the problem of fertilizer deliquescence in the process of topdressing, effectively can control again the pH value of rice field water layer, reduce nitrogen loss; Use simultaneously a certain proportion of Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer (in Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer the quality of nitrogen element account for rice transplanting in maturation execute 25% ~ 40% of total nitrogen element quality), 60d ~ the 90d of the bulk blended fertilizer that the present invention prepares after rice transplanting still can discharge a certain proportion of nitrogen, thus serves the effect using ear manuer.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: when 1, cold region rice efficient mechanical top dressing technique of the present invention adopts rice transplanting, one-time mechanical chases after the method for instant nitrogenousfertilizer and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, after solving fertilizer moisture absorption, deliquescence, blocking fertilising pipe causes machinery to topdress being difficult to the problem of normally carrying out.2, the present invention's disposable machine uniformly when rice transplanting chases after instant nitrogenousfertilizer and can also reach with the method for Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer and impose the identical effect of ear manuer with tradition, meet the paddy rice demand of all one's life to nitrogen, no longer impose ear manuer, real has accomplished the mechanization of Paddy fields, adopts rice transplanting fertilizer distributor single fertilization that fertilizing operation is simplified.Although the Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer that 3 the present invention use can increase cost, compared with the cost of the employing artificially applying fertilizer 2 ~ 3 times in traditional Paddy fields process, cost of the present invention does not increase, and therefore this technology does not increase production cost.4, compared with traditional paddy rice 2 ~ 3 top dressing techniques, the present invention's disposable machine uniformly when rice transplanting chases after instant nitrogenousfertilizer and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, can improve rice yield 10% ~ 15%, increases utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer 20 percentage points, every mu can be made to increase income more than 100 yuan.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: cold region rice efficient mechanical topdressing method in present embodiment is carried out according to the following steps:
One, the preparation of bulk blended fertilizer: bulk blended fertilizer is made up of instant nitrogenousfertilizer and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, instant nitrogenousfertilizer 80kg/ha ~ 120kg/ha, Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer is 60kg/ha ~ 100kg/ha, wherein instant nitrogenousfertilizer is made up of amidonitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and zinc fertilizer, the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen and amidonitrogen is 1:(0.9 ~ 1.1), in Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, the mass fraction of nitrogen is 35% ~ 45%, and in zinc fertilizer, Zn-ef ficiency accounts for 0.3% ~ 0.5% of bulk blended fertilizer quality;
Two, bulk blended fertilizer is used: while rice transplanting, use bulk blended fertilizer, specifically carry out in the steps below: will prepare the bulk blended fertilizer obtained in step one and be placed in the fertilizer groove of rice transplanting fertilizer distributor, rice transplanting fertilizer distributor adopts side deep fertilizing method to apply fertilizer.
Embodiment two: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: the quality of the nitrogen element in the bulk blended fertilizer described in step one account for rice transplanting in maturation execute 50% ~ 65% of total nitrogen element quality.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one or two is: the amidonitrogen described in step one is urea.Other is identical with embodiment one or two.
Embodiment four: the difference of one of present embodiment and embodiment one to three is: the ammonium nitrogen described in step one is that one or both in ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride are by arbitrarily than forming.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment five: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one or four is: the zinc fertilizer described in step one is zinc sulphate.Other is identical with embodiment one or four.
Embodiment six: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one or five is: in the Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer described in step one quality of nitrogen element account for rice transplanting in maturation execute 25% ~ 40% of total nitrogen element quality.Other is identical with embodiment one or five.
Embodiment seven: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one or six is: the controlled release phase of the Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer described in step one is 60d ~ 90d.Other is identical with embodiment one or six.
Embodiment eight: the difference of one of present embodiment and embodiment one to seven is: the Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer described in step one is resin coated urea or polyurethane coated urea.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to seven.
Embodiment nine: the difference of one of present embodiment and embodiment one to eight is: the rice transplanting fertilizer distributor described in step 2 is Jing Guan high speed rice transplanting fertilizer distributor.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to eight.
Embodiment ten: the difference of one of present embodiment and embodiment one to nine is: the side deep fertilizing method described in step 2, specifically realize by the following method: make the horizontal range of fertilizer and rice seedlings be 3cm ~ 5cm, the distance of fertilizer and soil surface is 3cm ~ 5cm.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to nine.
Embodiment 11: the difference of one of present embodiment and embodiment one to ten is: the side deep fertilizing method described in step 2, specifically realize by the following method: make the horizontal range of fertilizer and rice seedlings be 3cm, the distance of fertilizer and soil surface is 3cm ~ 5cm.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to ten.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is verified by following confirmatory experiment:
Confirmatory experiment one: a kind of cold region rice efficient mechanical topdressing method in present embodiment carries out according to the following steps:
One, the preparation of bulk blended fertilizer: bulk blended fertilizer is made up of instant nitrogenousfertilizer and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, instant nitrogenousfertilizer 80kg/ha, Controlled Release Fertilizer is 85kg/ha, wherein instant nitrogenousfertilizer is made up of amidonitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and zinc fertilizer, the mass ratio of amidonitrogen and ammonium nitrogen is 1:1, nitrogen content 42% ~ 44% in Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, wherein in zinc fertilizer, Zn-ef ficiency accounts for 0.5% of bulk blended fertilizer quality.
Two, bulk blended fertilizer is used: while rice transplanting, use bulk blended fertilizer, specifically carry out in the steps below: will prepare the bulk blended fertilizer obtained in step one and be placed in the fertilizer groove of rice transplanting fertilizer distributor, rice transplanting fertilizer distributor adopts side deep fertilizing method to apply fertilizer.
Amidonitrogen wherein described in this demonstration test step one is urea, and ammonium nitrogen is ammonium sulfate, and zinc fertilizer is zinc sulphate, and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer is resin coated urea.
Side deep fertilizing method described in this demonstration test step 2, specifically realizes: make the horizontal range of fertilizer and rice seedlings be 3cm, the distance of fertilizer and soil surface is 3 ~ 5cm by the following method.
When in this confirmatory experiment, cold region rice efficient mechanical top dressing technique adopts rice transplanting, one-time mechanical chases after the method for instant nitrogenousfertilizer and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, and after solving fertilizer moisture absorption, deliquescence, blocking fertilising pipe causes machinery to topdress being difficult to the problem of normally carrying out; Simultaneously, this confirmatory experiment adopts the bulk blended fertilizer of rice transplanting fertilizer distributor disposable applying when rice transplanting to meet the paddy rice demand of all one's life to nitrogen, later stage no longer topdresses, really accomplish the mechanization of Paddy fields, achieved the target of cold region rice high-yield and high-efficiency, compared with topdressing for 2 ~ 3 times with traditional paddy rice, this experiment disposable machine uniformly when rice transplanting chases after instant nitrogenousfertilizer and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, can improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer 20 percentage points, make increasing production of rice 15%, therefore every mu increases income more than 100 yuan.
Claims (3)
1. cold region rice efficient mechanical topdressing method, is characterized in that cold region rice efficient mechanical topdressing method, is realize according to the following steps:
One, the preparation of bulk blended fertilizer: bulk blended fertilizer is made up of instant nitrogenousfertilizer and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, instant nitrogenousfertilizer 80kg/ha ~ 120kg/ha, Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer is 60kg/ha ~ 100kg/ha, wherein instant nitrogenousfertilizer is made up of amidonitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and zinc fertilizer, the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen and amidonitrogen is 1:(0.9 ~ 1.1), in Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, the mass fraction of nitrogen is 35% ~ 45%, and in zinc fertilizer, Zn-ef ficiency accounts for 0.3% ~ 0.5% of bulk blended fertilizer quality;
Two, bulk blended fertilizer is used: while rice transplanting, use bulk blended fertilizer, specifically carry out in the steps below: will prepare the bulk blended fertilizer obtained in step one and be placed in the fertilizer groove of rice transplanting fertilizer distributor, rice transplanting fertilizer distributor adopts side deep fertilizing method to apply fertilizer;
Amidonitrogen described in step one is urea;
Ammonium nitrogen described in step one is ammonium sulfate or ammonium chloride;
Zinc fertilizer described in step one is zinc sulphate;
The controlled release phase of the Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer described in step one is 60d ~ 90d.
2. cold region rice efficient mechanical topdressing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer described in step one to be the controlled release phase be the Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of 60d ~ 90d, wherein said Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer is resin coated urea or polyurethane coated urea.
3. cold region rice efficient mechanical topdressing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the side deep fertilizing method described in step 2, specifically realize by the following method: make the horizontal range of fertilizer and rice seedlings be 3cm ~ 5cm, the distance of fertilizer and soil surface is 3cm ~ 5cm.
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Families Citing this family (10)
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| CN104145587B (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2016-03-23 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of fertilizing method of southern double cropping paddy rice efficiency utilization nitrogenous fertilizer |
| CN105052645B (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2018-05-15 | 黑龙江八一农垦大学 | Machine transplanting of rice duplicate rows efficient cultivation method on the double deep classification fertilising ridges of rice bilateral |
| CN105294364A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-02-03 | 山东茂施生态肥料有限公司 | Novel controlled-release rice topdressing composition and preparation method thereof |
| CN105723906B (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2018-11-20 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of mixed applying method of hybrid paddy rice PASP nitrogenous fertilizer |
| CN106888659A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-06-27 | 中国水稻研究所 | Paddy rice single-dose application method |
| CN106857130B (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2021-03-23 | 中国水稻研究所 | One-time fertilization method for rice machine transplanting |
| CN107484454A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2017-12-19 | 东北农业大学 | Cold region rice stalk optimizes returning to the field method |
| CN107896881A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-04-13 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of light simplified cultivation method of rice |
| CN108739170A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-11-06 | 岳西县悠然生态农业有限公司 | A method of cooperateing with side deep fertilizing for the machine transplanting of rice during Rice Cropping |
| CN109824428A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-31 | 中化化肥有限公司临沂农业研发中心 | Dedicated polyurethane controlled release bulk blended fertilizer of rice side deep fertilizing and preparation method thereof |
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