CN103787742B - One grows tobacco compound fertilizer special and application method thereof - Google Patents
One grows tobacco compound fertilizer special and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103787742B CN103787742B CN201410007449.0A CN201410007449A CN103787742B CN 103787742 B CN103787742 B CN 103787742B CN 201410007449 A CN201410007449 A CN 201410007449A CN 103787742 B CN103787742 B CN 103787742B
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Abstract
The invention discloses one to grow tobacco compound fertilizer special and application method thereof, be the urea of 2 ~ 10% by massfraction, 5 ~ 20% ammonium phosphate fertilizerses, 5 ~ 15% saltpetre, 10 ~ 30% potassium sulfate, 0 ~ 15% sulfonated lignin, 0 ~ 20% coal, 5 ~ 20% Attapulgite, 0 ~ 2% borax, mix and blend, pulverizing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, sub-sieve, make granular Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, mix 0 ~ 5% particulate state lime nitrogen mixing again, obtained tobacco compound fertilizer special finished product, and 5-15 days before cigarette transplantation of seedlings coordinate other Term Fertilizations.Tobacco compound fertilizer special formula of the present invention has stronger practicality to Main Tobacco-growing Regions In South, the serious problems such as the soil acidification that traditional fertilization formula brings can be overcome, in formula, with the addition of a certain amount of medium trace element and synergistic agent simultaneously, can meet in cigarette strain growth course the requirement of mineral nutrition, raising plant recovery of nutrient, reduce fertilizer application frequency, significantly improve cigarette strain output and quality of tobacco.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, be specifically related to one and grow tobacco compound fertilizer special and application method thereof.
Background technology
Tobacco is the crop that a kind of economic worth is higher, all has plantation all over the world.According to statistics, nearly 4,000,000 hm of the whole world existing tobacco planting area
2, wherein China reaches 141.2 ten thousand hm
2, account for 1/3rd of world's total area.Simultaneously, the economic benefit of tobacco relies on the quality of tobacco leaf to realize to a great extent, but compared with other crop, tobacco has its singularity on its nutrient characteristics, as presented front high rear low trend to the demand of nitrogenous fertilizer, show as seedling stage demand to the absorbing rule of phosphorus, potassium few, the middle and later periods demand of nourishing and growing is large.Therefore, the rational application of fertilizer is particularly important on the impact of cigarette quality.A lot of scholar has done a large amount of work from aspects such as rate of fertilizer, fertilizer variety and fertilizing methods, and has made significant headway.
But, the phenomenon that current southern most tobacco blend fertilizer causes soil acidification serious in order to alleviate local Zhi Yan district in the past because using potassium sulfate for a long time in a large number, and the proportion constantly increasing saltpetre in tobacco blend fertilizer result in significantly lifting and the utilization rate of fertilizer decline of fertilizer cost.In addition, in existing tobacco blend fertilizer, also shortcoming is compared to the research of the absorbing rule of tobacco different shape nitrogen, seldom relate to the proportioning of different shape nitrogen nutrient, affect balance and the utilization of nitrogen nutrient.Therefore, soil for China particularly Main Tobacco-growing Regions In South has started the acidifying occurred in various degree, organic and full potassium content declines, the phenomenon of part soil nitrogen accumulation, must start with from the selection in different nitrogen potassium nutrition source, suitably control using of nitrogenous fertilizer, focus on the proportioning of Fertilizer N Forms, the proportioning in the different potassium source of Reasonable adjustment, develops a kind of efficient Special compound fertilizer for tobacco of applicable locality.And owing to thinking little of the absorption to medium trace element for a long time, Main Tobacco-growing Regions In South most of soils all presents medium trace element deficiency disease in various degree, necessary for micro-nutrient absorbing rule in tobacco and China's smoke hallway nutrient Condition of abundance or deficiency, in Special compound fertilizer for tobacco, suitably add medium trace element.Meanwhile, conventional smoke grass planting process fertilizer application frequency is more, and generally need 4-5 time, labour intensity is large.Therefore, how to simplify fertilization program, reduce labour intensity, improve fertilising efficiency and also become and produce at present upper problem in the urgent need to address.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides one and to grow tobacco compound fertilizer special and application method thereof, plant smoke hallway physical and chemical properties change, tobacco regulation of fertilizer requirement and field experiment result in conjunction with south, prepare tobacco compound fertilizer special.Science apolegamy is carried out by the nitrogenous source to different shape, different potassium source, add medium trace element and synergistic agent, this fertilizer is made to have the function slowing down nutrient releasing speed, plant recovery of nutrient can be significantly improved, meet the demand of tobacco to nutrient, reduce the number of times that topdresses, reduce labour intensity and improve yield of tobacco and quality.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
One grows tobacco compound fertilizer special, in its composition of raw materials each component and massfraction as follows:
Urea 2 ~ 10%;
Lime nitrogen 0 ~ 5%;
Ammonium phosphate fertilizers 5 ~ 20%;
Saltpetre 5 ~ 15%;
Potassium sulfate 10 ~ 30%;
Sulfonated lignin 0 ~ 15%;
Coal 0 ~ 20%;
Attapulgite 5 ~ 20%;
Borax 0 ~ 2%;
The massfraction sum of above-mentioned each component is 100%.
The preparation method of tobacco compound fertilizer special is by urea, ammonium phosphate fertilizers, saltpetre, potassium sulfate, sulfonated lignin, coal, Attapulgite and borax mix and blend, pulverizing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, sub-sieve, make granular Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, mix the mixing of particulate state lime nitrogen again, obtained tobacco compound fertilizer special finished product.
Described ammonium phosphate fertilizers comprises monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium metaphosphate, ammonium pyrophosphate or ammonium polyphosphate.
Described sulfonated lignin comprise ammonium lignosulphonate, sodium lignosulfonate, lignosulfonic acid potassium, calcium lignin sulphonate or magnesium lignosulfonate.
Described coal comprises peat, brown coal or weathered coal.
The fineness of described coal is at 40 order ~ 100 orders; The fineness of described Attapulgite is at 40 order ~ 100 orders.
The particle diameter of gained tobacco compound fertilizer special is 3 ~ 5mm.
The application method of tobacco compound fertilizer special, be 5-15 days application of organic fertilizers before cigarette transplantation of seedlings, and use magnesium hydroxide by 10kg/ mu, use tobacco compound fertilizer special by 60-80kg/ mu, overlay film is waited to transplant simultaneously; Within 15-20 days after cigarette transplantation of seedlings, use saltpetre as carrying seed manure by 3kg/ mu, and after transplanting 25-35 days every mu use 8-10kg potassium sulfate and 12-15kg saltpetre as topdressing.
remarkable advantage of the present invention is:
(1) nitrogen nutrient in tobacco compound fertilizer special of the present invention comprises cyanamide state nitrogen, amidonitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitric nitrogen; Potassium attainment subpackage sulfur acid potassium and saltpetre; Medium trace element in component comprises calcium, magnesium, sulphur and boron.Rationally add medium trace element and synergistic agent by the regulation and control of different nitrogen sources and potassium source proportioning and in formula, plant recovery of nutrient can be improved and meet the requirement to mineral nutrition in cigarette strain growth course, significantly improve the quality of cigarette strain output and tobacco leaf.
(2) tobacco compound fertilizer special of the present invention with sulfonated lignin, coal and Attapulgite for synergistic agent, and with the addition of the long-acting nitrogen fertilizers such as lime nitrogen, fertilizer nutrient release rate can be slowed down to a certain extent, improve plant recovery of nutrient, reduce the number of times that topdresses, reduce labour intensity.
(3) preparation of tobacco compound fertilizer special of the present invention combines south to plant the nutrient Condition of abundance or deficiency of smoke hallway, tobacco regulation of fertilizer requirement and field experiment result, a large amount of special fertilizer for peanut and selecting of nutrient form have theoretical property and practicality, can overcome the problems such as the soil acidification that existing fertilizer application formula brings, making to fill a prescription has stronger specificity.
(4) production technique of tobacco compound fertilizer special of the present invention is simple, and production cost is lower, uses conveniently, compared with the tobacco fertilizer applications of routine, increases the amount of application of base manure, decreases topdressing amount and the number of times that topdresses, can significantly reduce fertilizer and labor cost.
Embodiment
embodiment one
One grows tobacco compound fertilizer special, is be 4% urea by massfraction, 17% diammonium phosphate, 10% saltpetre, 30% potassium sulfate, 10% ammonium lignosulphonate, 14% weathered coal, 14% Attapulgite, 1% borax, mix and blend, pulverizing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, sub-sieve, obtained diameter is the granular tobacco compound fertilizer special finished product of 3mm, dry further again, cooling, pack.
The fineness of described weathered coal is at 40 orders; The fineness of described Attapulgite is at 40 orders.
The application method of tobacco compound fertilizer special: at cigarette transplantation of seedlings first 5 days application of organic fertilizers, and use magnesium hydroxide by 10kg/ mu, use tobacco compound fertilizer special by 60kg/ mu, overlay film is waited to transplant simultaneously; Within 15 days after cigarette transplantation of seedlings, use saltpetre as carrying seed manure by 3kg/ mu, and after transplanting 25 days every mu use 8kg potassium sulfate and 12kg saltpetre as topdressing.
embodiment two
One grows tobacco compound fertilizer special, is be 2% urea by massfraction, 20% monoammonium phosphate, 5% saltpetre, 29% potassium sulfate, 20% brown coal, 20% Attapulgite, 2% borax, mix and blend, pulverizing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, sub-sieve, make granular Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, mix granular 2% lime nitrogen mixing again, obtained diameter is the granular tobacco compound fertilizer special finished product of 4mm, then dries further, cooling, pack.
The fineness of described brown coal is at 60 orders; The fineness of described Attapulgite is at 60 orders.
The application method of tobacco compound fertilizer special: at cigarette transplantation of seedlings first 10 days application of organic fertilizers, and use magnesium hydroxide by 10kg/ mu, use tobacco compound fertilizer special by 70kg/ mu, overlay film is waited to transplant simultaneously; Within 18 days after cigarette transplantation of seedlings, use saltpetre as carrying seed manure by 3kg/ mu, and after transplanting 30 days every mu use 9kg potassium sulfate and 13kg saltpetre as topdressing.
embodiment three
One grows tobacco compound fertilizer special, is be 10% urea by massfraction, 5% ammonium polyphosphate, 15% saltpetre, 10% potassium sulfate, 15% magnesium lignosulfonate, 20% peat, 20% Attapulgite, mix and blend, pulverizing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, sub-sieve, make granular Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, mix granular 5% lime nitrogen mixing again, obtained diameter is the granular tobacco compound fertilizer special finished product of 5mm, then dries further, cooling, pack.
The fineness of described peat is at 100 orders; The fineness of described Attapulgite is at 100 orders.
The application method of tobacco compound fertilizer special: at cigarette transplantation of seedlings first 15 days application of organic fertilizers, and use magnesium hydroxide by 10kg/ mu, use tobacco compound fertilizer special by 80kg/ mu, overlay film is waited to transplant simultaneously; Within 20 days after cigarette transplantation of seedlings, use saltpetre as carrying seed manure by 3kg/ mu, and after transplanting 35 days every mu use 10kg potassium sulfate and 15kg saltpetre as topdressing.
embodiment four
One grows tobacco compound fertilizer special, is be 9% urea by massfraction, 20% ammonium metaphosphate, 15% saltpetre, 30% potassium sulfate, 15% sodium lignosulfonate, 5% Attapulgite, 2% borax, mix and blend, pulverizing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, sub-sieve, make granular Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, mix granular 4% lime nitrogen mixing again, obtained diameter is the granular tobacco compound fertilizer special finished product of 4mm, then dries further, cooling, pack.
The fineness of described Attapulgite is at 100 orders.
The application method of tobacco compound fertilizer special: at cigarette transplantation of seedlings first 10 days application of organic fertilizers, and use magnesium hydroxide by 10kg/ mu, use tobacco compound fertilizer special by 75kg/ mu, overlay film is waited to transplant simultaneously; Within 16 days after cigarette transplantation of seedlings, use saltpetre as carrying seed manure by 3kg/ mu, and after transplanting 28 days every mu use 9kg potassium sulfate and 14kg saltpetre as topdressing.
embodiment five
One grows tobacco compound fertilizer special, is be 5% urea by massfraction, 12% ammonium pyrophosphate, 8% saltpetre, 26% potassium sulfate, 13% lignosulfonic acid potassium, 16% weathered coal, 16% Attapulgite, 1% borax, mix and blend, pulverizing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, sub-sieve, make granular Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, then mix granular 3% lime nitrogen mixing, obtained diameter is the granular tobacco compound fertilizer special finished product of 3mm, dry further again, cooling, pack.
The fineness of described weathered coal is at 80 orders; The fineness of described Attapulgite is at 100 orders.
The application method of tobacco compound fertilizer special: at cigarette transplantation of seedlings first 8 days application of organic fertilizers, and use magnesium hydroxide by 10kg/ mu, use tobacco compound fertilizer special by 65kg/ mu, overlay film is waited to transplant simultaneously; Within 19 days after cigarette transplantation of seedlings, use saltpetre as carrying seed manure by 3kg/ mu, and after transplanting 26 days every mu use 8kg potassium sulfate and 13kg saltpetre as topdressing.
embodiment six
One grows tobacco compound fertilizer special, is be 8% urea by massfraction, 18% diammonium phosphate, 14% saltpetre, 24% potassium sulfate, 14% calcium lignin sulphonate, 11% peat, 10% Attapulgite, mix and blend, pulverizing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, sub-sieve, make granular Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, mix granular 1% lime nitrogen mixing again, obtained diameter is the granular tobacco compound fertilizer special finished product of 5mm, then dries further, cooling, pack.
The fineness of described peat is at 60 orders; The fineness of described Attapulgite is at 80 orders.
The application method of tobacco compound fertilizer special: at cigarette transplantation of seedlings first 12 days application of organic fertilizers, and use magnesium hydroxide by 10kg/ mu, use tobacco compound fertilizer special by 69kg/ mu, overlay film is waited to transplant simultaneously; Within 17 days after cigarette transplantation of seedlings, use saltpetre as carrying seed manure by 3kg/ mu, and after transplanting 32 days every mu use 10kg potassium sulfate and 12kg saltpetre as topdressing.
2007-2013, compares the fertilizer applications that local for the Main Tobacco Planting districts such as tobacco compound fertilizer special of the present invention and Sanming City, Nan Ping and Longyan tobacco department is recommended:
1) test site: Sanming City Qiangyue County
Test period: 2007
Tobacco bred: dark green
Testing program: embodiment 1 ~ 2 fertilizer sample is chosen in this test and two comparative examples process.Comparative example is local fertilizer special for tobacco formula, and namely within first 10 days, apply and the fertilizer of embodiment equivalent and magnesium hydroxide in cigarette transplantation of seedlings, Chemical Mixed Fertilizer (12-7-22) 58kg used by every mu, base manure, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 20kg, and overlay film is waited to transplant; And impose saltpetre 3kg latter 20 days of transplanting every mu, transplant latter 30 days every mu impose 5kg saltpetre and 5kg potassium sulfate, transplant latter 45 days every mu impose 5kg saltpetre, after pinching again every mu impose 5kg potassium sulfate.Test-results is shown in Table 1.
The manure trial of table 1 Sanming City
2) test site: Nanping City's Shaowu City
Test period: 2009
Tobacco bred: K326
Testing program: embodiment 3 ~ 4 fertilizer sample is chosen in this test and two comparative examples process.Comparative example is local fertilizer special for tobacco formula, and namely within first 10 days, apply and the fertilizer of embodiment equivalent and magnesium hydroxide in cigarette transplantation of seedlings, apply Chemical Mixed Fertilizer (12.5-8-22.5) and fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate respectively by the consumption of every mu of 30kg and 25kg, overlay film is waited to transplant simultaneously; And impose saltpetre 3kg latter 20 days of transplanting every mu, transplant latter 30 days every mu impose 15kg saltpetre and 5kg potassium sulfate, transplant latter 45 days every mu impose 5kg saltpetre, after pinching again every mu impose 10kg potassium sulfate.Test-results is shown in Table 2.
The manure trial of table 2 Nanping City
3) test site: Xinluo District, Longyan
Test period: 2013
Tobacco bred: cloud and mist 87
Testing program: embodiment 5 ~ 6 fertilizer sample is chosen in this test and two comparative examples process.Comparative example is local fertilizer special for tobacco formula, and namely within first 10 days, apply and the fertilizer of embodiment equivalent and magnesium hydroxide in cigarette transplantation of seedlings, apply Chemical Mixed Fertilizer (12.5-8-22.5) and fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate respectively by the consumption of every mu of 30kg and 25kg, overlay film is waited to transplant simultaneously; And impose saltpetre 3kg latter 20 days of transplanting every mu, transplant latter 30 days every mu impose 15kg saltpetre and 5kg potassium sulfate, transplant latter 45 days every mu impose 5kg saltpetre, after pinching again every mu impose 10kg potassium sulfate.Test-results is shown in Table 3.
The manure trial of table 3 Longyan
Show through manure trial, tobacco compound fertilizer special of the present invention can significantly improve yield of tobacco and quality, and average volume increase can reach 5.5% ~ 11.3%, and improve first-class tobacco ratio 7.2 ~ 11.6 percentage points, every mu increases income 210 ~ 436 yuan.In addition, this fertilizer can also slow down fertilizer nutrient release rate to a certain extent, improves plant recovery of nutrient 4.64 ~ 10.11%, reduce and topdress for 2 times, on average additionally save human cost input 120 ~ 150 yuan for every mu, therefore, there is good economy, ecology and social benefit.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, all equalizations done according to the present patent application the scope of the claims change and modify, and all should belong to covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. one to grow tobacco compound fertilizer special, it is characterized in that: in the composition of raw materials of described compound fertilizer special each component and massfraction as follows:
Urea 2 ~ 10%;
Lime nitrogen 0 ~ 5%;
Ammonium phosphate fertilizers 5 ~ 20%;
Saltpetre 5 ~ 15%;
Potassium sulfate 10 ~ 30%;
Sulfonated lignin 0 ~ 15%;
Coal 0 ~ 20%;
Attapulgite 5 ~ 20%;
Borax 0 ~ 2%;
The massfraction sum of above-mentioned each component is 100%;
Its preparation method is by urea, ammonium phosphate fertilizers, saltpetre, potassium sulfate, sulfonated lignin, coal, Attapulgite and borax mix and blend, pulverizing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, sub-sieve, make granular Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, mix the mixing of particulate state lime nitrogen again, obtained tobacco compound fertilizer special finished product.
2. tobacco compound fertilizer special according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described ammonium phosphate fertilizers is monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium metaphosphate, ammonium pyrophosphate or ammonium polyphosphate.
3. tobacco compound fertilizer special according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described sulfonated lignin are ammonium lignosulphonate, sodium lignosulfonate, lignosulfonic acid potassium, calcium lignin sulphonate or magnesium lignosulfonate.
4. tobacco compound fertilizer special according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described coal is peat, brown coal or weathered coal.
5. tobacco compound fertilizer special according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fineness of described coal is at 40 order ~ 100 orders; The fineness of described Attapulgite is at 40 order ~ 100 orders.
6. tobacco compound fertilizer special according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the particle diameter of gained tobacco compound fertilizer special is 3 ~ 5mm.
7. the application method of a tobacco compound fertilizer special as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: 5-15 days application of organic fertilizers before cigarette transplantation of seedlings, and use magnesium hydroxide by 10kg/ mu, use tobacco compound fertilizer special with 60-80kg/ mu, overlay film is waited to transplant simultaneously; Within 15-20 days after cigarette transplantation of seedlings, use saltpetre as carrying seed manure by 3kg/ mu, and after transplanting 25-35 days every mu use 8-10kg potassium sulfate and 12-15kg saltpetre as topdressing.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108689753A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-10-23 | 安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所 | A kind of special complex fertilizer and its application method waiting for cultivation technology for tobacco overlay film |
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| CN103980055B (en) * | 2014-05-31 | 2015-08-05 | 重庆市中绿农业开发有限责任公司 | tobacco special organic inorganic compound fertilizer |
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