CN103493621A - Method for precisely identifying and evaluating cold resistance of rice in germination stage - Google Patents
Method for precisely identifying and evaluating cold resistance of rice in germination stage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for precisely identifying and evaluating the cold resistance of rice in the germination stage comprises the following steps: step one, breaking up the seed dormancy; step two, accelerating germination at a constant temperature; step three, carrying out a low-temperature stress treatment; step four, recovering the growth of seed at a normal temperature; step five, evaluating the cold resistance; and step six, calculating the cold resistant strength. According to the seedling rate of rice buds having the same growth vigor after the low-temperature stress treatment, the cold resistance is divided into five types: the extremely strong, strong, medium, weak, and extremely weak; then evaluation criterions are given out for cold resistance of different species by the continuous calculation value of cold resistance, thus the errors caused by measuring methods can be effectively avoided, references are provided for tests of cold resistance of different rice species, so help is provided for rice breeders to reasonably choose the cold resistant species to carry out rice cold resistance modification, and the method has the characteristics of objective result, high accuracy, easy operation, and good repeatability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rice cropping and breeding method, particularly a kind of method of accurate evaluation and assessment Bud Bursting Period in Rice cold resistance.
Background technology
Low temperature is a large limiting factor of paddy growth, is a significant problem that affects rice yield, and China reaches 30～5,000,000,000 kg because of the paddy that the low temperature cold damage loses every year.Paddy rice is whole, and the chilling injury reaction all can occur during growing.Wherein the chilling injury of bud phase ratio is easier to occur in live field and rice seedling bed, if the bud phase is not cold-resistant, will cause reduction and the seedling rot phenomenon of paddy rice planting percent, thereby affect the foundation of Rice Photosynthesis colony, causes the reduction of rice yield.Therefore, the Bud Bursting Period in Rice cold resistance is one of very important important character of Rice Production.The Bud Bursting Period in Rice cold resistance is to affect the key factor that rice bud grows, bud phase cold resistance is the ability that the young shoot cell is supported the family, bring out the ability of green seedling from showing as in appearance young shoot, bud phase cold resistance and booting stage and flowering stage cold resistance have close relevantly, be widely used in the Identification of Cold Tolerance of Rice Resources.
Accurately the Seedling Cold Tolerance of evaluation and assessment rice germplasm can help rice breeding personnel choose reasonable cold resistance germplasm to carry out the improvement of rice varieties cold resistance.Yet test method and the evaluation criteria disunity of current rice germplasm bud phase cold resistance, there are larger error in existing test method and assessment result to result of the test,
In prior art, Bud Bursting Period in Rice cold resistance assay method is:
Every kind is chosen 100 of full seeds, first uses 45 ℃～50 ℃ high temperature treatment 48 hours before test, to break seed dormancy.Then seed is positioned in the culture dish of pad filter paper to vernalization in the insulating box of 30 ℃ after seed soaking.When bud length is grown to 5mm, take out to be placed in 5 ℃ of illumination boxs and process 10d.Then culture dish is taken out and is placed in temperature higher than 20 ℃ the indoor of sunlight arranged, the rice bud is restore normal growth.Place the 7-10d " Invest, Then Investigate " and survive the seedling number, and calculate seeding rate.Estimate the power of bud phase cold resistance with planting percent, minute 1～9 grade of evaluation, evaluation criterion refers to table 1, and three repetitions are established in test, using the mean value of three repetitions as statistic unit.
Planting percent (%)=(surviving the total grain of seedling number/sprout number) X100
Table 1 Bud Bursting Period in Rice cold resistance grade scale
Grading?standard?of?cold?tolerance?at?bud?stage
The shortcoming of prior art is:
1, utilize 100 seeds to carry out vernalization, due to kind bud ratio difference, cause last planting percent there are differences; In addition, due to each kind germination vigor difference, between the different seeds of same kind, the germination speed is also variant, causes the seed of Pass Test condition the most finally (the long 5mm of bud) still less, and the planting percent error ratio of calculating according to total the number that sprout is larger;
2, existing evaluation criteria grade scale is not quite similar, the 1st grade and 3rd level in the grade scale that Han Longzhi etc. propose, therefore and the experimental error produced is larger the 7th grade fast with the 9th grade of transition, and, yet this evaluation criterion but is widely used in rice germplasm bud phase Identification of Cold Tolerance;
3, utilize merely discontinuous evaluation criterion different rice germplasms can only be carried out to fuzzy classification as 1,3,5,7,9 etc., between than relatively large different rice germplasms in bud phase cold resistance difference, easily make cold resistance exist the larger difference rice germplasm still to be attributed to same cold-resistant type, and cold resistance difference less be attributed to different cold resistance types, the acquired results error is larger.Therefore, when the cold resistance of more different rice germplasms, should use the continuity value to compare analysis and assessment.
Therefore provide a kind of cold resistance appraisal procedure of accurate bud phase of science more, can effectively avoid the error caused because of method of testing, and can provide according to just seeming particularly important for Bud Bursting Period in Rice cold resistance test not of the same race.
Summary of the invention
The problem existed for solving above-mentioned prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of method of accurate evaluation and assessment Bud Bursting Period in Rice cold resistance, can effectively avoid the error caused because of method of testing, and can provide foundation for Bud Bursting Period in Rice cold resistance test not of the same race, thereby can help rice breeding personnel choose reasonable cold resistance germplasm to carry out the improvement of rice varieties cold resistance, have result objective, accuracy is high, method is easy to operate, reproducible characteristics.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of method of accurate evaluation and assessment Bud Bursting Period in Rice cold resistance comprises the following steps:
Step 1, the seed dormancy of breaking: every kind is chosen enough substantial full seeds, before test, first by 45 ℃～50 ℃ high temperature treatment, within 48 hours, breaks seed dormancy;
Step 2, constant temperature vernalization: all seeds are put into clear water and are soaked 1 day, then take out and put to vernalization in the insulating box of 30 ℃, when the bud of most of seed grows to 5mm, each 100, seed selecting the long 5mm of bud from every kind is positioned in the culture dish that is lined with moistening filter paper;
Step 3, low temperature stress: all culture dishes that place seed first are placed in 5 ℃ of illumination boxs processes 10d;
Step 4, normal temperature are recovered growth: culture dish is taken out and is placed in temperature higher than 20 ℃ the indoor of sunlight arranged, the rice bud is restore normal growth, placement 7-10d " Invest, Then Investigate " survives the seedling number;
Step 5, cold resistance evaluation: according to formula: planting percent (%)=(surviving seedling number/100) * 100 calculate seeding rate; Estimate the power of bud phase cold resistance with planting percent, according to planting percent by each kind independently cold resistance be divided into 1,3,5,7,9 five grade and estimated, determine each grading standard and name;
Step 6, cold-resistant intensity are calculated: use the calculated value of the cold-resistant intensity of continuity to compare cold resistance between kind.
Bud Bursting Period in Rice cold resistance evaluation index and classification called after in described step 5:
1 grade: planting percent>90%, leaf look viridescent, cold resistance is extremely strong;
3 grades: 90% >=planting percent>70%, cold resistance is strong;
5 grades: 70% >=planting percent>50%, in cold resistance;
7 grades: 50% >=planting percent>10%, a little less than cold resistance;
9 grades: 10% >=planting percent, cold resistance extremely a little less than.
In described step 6, the computational methods of cold-resistant intensity are:
1 grade: 1-(planting percent (%)-90)/10,0≤cold-resistant intensity<1;
3 grades: 3-(planting percent (%)-70)/10,1≤cold-resistant intensity<3;
5 grades: 5-(planting percent (%)-50)/10,3≤cold-resistant intensity<5;
7 grades: 7-(planting percent (%)-10)/20,5≤cold-resistant intensity<7;
9 grades: 9-planting percent (%)/5,7≤cold-resistant intensity≤9.
With respect to prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, utilize 100 to sprout and seed that bud length is 5mm carries out the low temperature stress processing, avoided, due to kind bud ratio difference, causing last planting percent there are differences; Also avoided due to each kind germination vigor difference, between the different seeds of same kind, the variant and quantity seed that causes final Pass Test condition of germination speed still less, has solved and has calculated seeding rate according to total grain number that sprouts the problem that error is large;
2, can be to all carrying out the judgement of the accurate cold resistance of science between same kind and different cultivars, be not quite similar and cause the skimble-scamble problem of the assessment result scope of application thereby solved existing evaluation criteria grade scale;
3, when the cold resistance of more different rice germplasms, using successional cold-resistant intensity level to compare analysis and assessment has solved and utilizes merely discontinuous evaluation criterion different rice germplasms can only be carried out to fuzzy classification as 1,3,5,7,9 etc., between than relatively large different rice germplasms in bud phase cold resistance difference, easily make cold resistance exist the larger difference rice germplasm still to be attributed to same cold-resistant type, and cold resistance difference less be attributed to different cold resistance types, the problem that the acquired results error is larger.
Embodiment
Further set forth the present invention below by concrete test example:
Designed two tests that the existing test method of utilization and the inventive method are carried out the cold resistance assessment of bud phase and identified, relatively the quality of two kinds of methods aspect evaluation and Evaluated effect:
1, utilize existing method to carry out rice varieties bud phase Identification of Cold Tolerance and assessment:
Experimental scheme:
Test has been carried out bud phase Identification of Cold Tolerance to 23 paddy rice Xian kinds morning (combination), carry out experimental scheme with reference to forefathers' test method, be specially: every kind is chosen 100 of full seeds, first uses 45 ℃～50 ℃ high temperature treatment 48 hours before test, to break seed dormancy.Then seed is positioned in the culture dish of pad filter paper to vernalization in the insulating box of 30 ℃ after seed soaking.When bud length is grown to 5mm, take out to be placed in 5 ℃ of illumination boxs and process 10d.Then culture dish is taken out and is placed in temperature higher than 20 ℃ the indoor of sunlight arranged, the rice bud is restore normal growth.Place the 10d " Invest, Then Investigate " and survive the seedling number, and calculate seeding rate.The evaluation criterion of bud phase cold resistance is with reference to the evaluation method that should deposit [2] such as mountain [1] and Han Longzhi: estimate the power of bud phase cold resistance with planting percent, and minute 1～9 grade of evaluation, evaluation criterion refers to table 2, usings the mean value of three repetitions as statistic unit.Between each kind, the cold resistance significant difference is analyzed with SAS software the bud phase.
Planting percent (%)=(surviving the total grain of seedling number/sprout number) X100
Table 2 Bud Bursting Period in Rice cold resistance grade scale
Tab?l?Grading?standard?of?cold?to?lerance?at?bud?stage
2, results and analysis
The bud phase cold resistance of tested variety the results are shown in Table 3, shows that between different kinds, bud phase cold resistance there are differences.
The cold resistance performance of table 3 different cultivars bud phase
* be the cold resistance rank after refinement, according to differential, with the planting percent ratio, calculate and obtain.
The bud phase cold resistance significance of different cultivars, relatively in Table 4, shows that between kind, there is significant difference in bud phase cold resistance.
Table 4 different cultivars bud phase cold resistance significance relatively
* be the cold resistance rank after refinement, according to differential, with the planting percent ratio, calculate and obtain.
3, existing problems
3,1, table 2 shows, choose 100 seeds abolishing in advance dormancy in test and carry out the cold resistance test of bud phase, cause different cultivars to have very large difference (number that sprouts does not wait from 2-80) on the bud ratio of final Pass Test condition (the 5mm bud is long).The difference of bud ratio will impact final percentage of green plantlets, and the accuracy of impact test.
(planting percent (%)=(surviving the total grain of seedling number/sprout number) X100);
And, because the grain weight of some kind Pass Test condition (the 5mm bud is long) is very little, as in test good early 17 three repeat to only have respectively 12,7 and 13 test samples, good educate 948 three and repeat also to only have respectively 20,18 and 18 test samples, as everyone knows, the small sample amount will cause bigger error, the accuracy of impact test.
If test is chosen in advance enough seeds and is abolished dormancy vernalization, therefrom choosing the long seed of 5mm bud of eligible requirement is tested, the bud ratio of each kind is all 100, can avoid the experimental error caused because of the difference of bud ratio, also improved sample size, the final accurate rate that improves test.(planting percent (%)=(surviving seedling number/100) * 100);
2, in the test evaluation criterion of bud phase cold resistance with reference to depositing the evaluation method of [2] such as mountain [1] and Han Longzhi, in this standard 99% and following planting percent all to be attributed to 3rd level other, from rank 1 to rank, 3 transition are too fast, and evaluation result can not objective cold resistance of real bud phase of reaction kind.In in this test, a lot of kinds are different repeat planting percent all more than 90%, some or even more than 96%, but be attributed to rank 3, belong to strong cold resistance rank.The same too little or excessive problem of same scope existed between the 7th and the 9th rank.This kind of grade scale can not carry out objective evaluation to the resistance of kind.Liu?et?al。, (2004)
[3], a more rational bud phase cold resistance evaluation criterion (table 5) has been proposed, this standard is all brought out into green seedling to 90% above young shoot, leaf look viridescent be attributed to the 1st rank; Planting percent is classified as the 7th grade between 10%-50%, and planting percent is being classified as the 9th grade below 10%, and this grade scale is more reasonable, can carry out classified estimation to the resistance of kind objectively.
Table 5 Bud Bursting Period in Rice cold resistance grade scale
Grading?standard?of?cold?to?lerance?at?bud?stage
3, in result of the test, the planting percent of kind is continuous type numerical value, and the bud phase cold resistance evaluation criteria of kind is discontinuity numerical value, utilize discontinuity numerical value to be described and kind can only to be carried out to fuzzy classification continuity numerical value, can not objectively respond the same group of Difference of Cold Tolerance between interior different cultivars.Between the kind of utilizing discontinuity numerical value to carry out, the comparison of Difference of Cold Tolerance significance is divided into A to 23 all kinds, B, C, D tetra-classes, most of kinds concentrate on one of them type, as excellent as I in table 3 899, grand flat 006, T excellent 898, Rong You 463, 03 excellent 66, gold excellent 418, Jinyou 458, the excellent L2 of gold, strain two excellent 505, the He You early cold resistance rank of 27 grades is 3, yet how concrete interracial difference can not display, and interracial significant difference also can be because of utilizing the discontinuity data processed and can not carry out trickle comparison, when a large amount of rice varieties (combination) or variety resources of rice are being carried out to the evaluation of cold resistance, when assessment and comparison, this situation is especially outstanding, accuracy and the objectivity of whole test have been had a strong impact on.If can utilize continuity numerical value to carry out interracial otherness relatively, can greatly improve the accuracy of analysis of experiments result.
For the issuable error of above-mentioned test, utilize the inventive method again these 23 kinds to be carried out evaluation and the assessment of bud phase cold resistance, to compare the superiority of new method of the present invention, be specially:
2, utilize the inventive method same rice varieties to be carried out to the testing and appraisal of bud phase cold resistance
Experimental scheme:
A kind of method of accurate evaluation and assessment Bud Bursting Period in Rice cold resistance comprises the following steps:
Step 1, the seed dormancy of breaking: every kind is chosen enough substantial full seeds, before test, first by 45 ℃～50 ℃ high temperature treatment, within 48 hours, breaks seed dormancy;
Step 2, constant temperature vernalization: all seeds are put into clear water and are soaked 1 day, then take out and put to vernalization in the insulating box of 30 ℃, when the bud of most of seed grows to 5mm, each 100, seed selecting the long 5mm of bud from every kind is positioned in the culture dish that is lined with moistening filter paper;
Step 3, low temperature stress: all culture dishes that place seed first are placed in 5 ℃ of illumination boxs processes 10d;
Step 4, normal temperature are recovered growth: culture dish is taken out and is placed in temperature higher than 20 ℃ the indoor of sunlight arranged, the rice bud is restore normal growth, placement 7-10d " Invest, Then Investigate " survives the seedling number;
Step 5, cold resistance evaluation: according to formula: planting percent (%)=(surviving seedling number/100) * 100 calculate seeding rate; Estimate the power of bud phase cold resistance with planting percent, according to planting percent by each kind independently cold resistance be divided into 1,3,5,7,9 five grade and estimated, determine each grading standard and name;
Step 6, cold-resistant intensity are calculated: use the calculated value of the cold-resistant intensity of continuity to compare cold resistance between kind.
Bud Bursting Period in Rice cold resistance evaluation index and classification called after in described step 5:
1 grade: planting percent>90%, leaf look viridescent, cold resistance is extremely strong;
3 grades: 90% >=planting percent>70%, cold resistance is strong;
5 grades: 70% >=planting percent>50%, in cold resistance;
7 grades: 50% >=planting percent>10%, a little less than cold resistance;
9 grades: 10% >=planting percent, cold resistance extremely a little less than.
In described step 6, the computational methods of cold-resistant intensity are:
1 grade: 1-(planting percent (%)-90)/10,0≤cold-resistant intensity<1;
3 grades: 3-(planting percent (%)-70)/10,1≤cold-resistant intensity<3;
5 grades: 5-(planting percent (%)-50)/10,3≤cold-resistant intensity<5;
7 grades: 7-(planting percent (%)-10)/20,5≤cold-resistant intensity<7;
9 grades: 9-planting percent (%)/5,7≤cold-resistant intensity≤9.
Between each kind, bud phase cold resistance significant difference is analyzed with SAS software according to the successive value of the cold-resistant intensity of each kind.
1, test results and analysis
Utilize the bud phase cold resistance of the different cultivars of the inventive method gained to show in Table 6.The interracial cold resistance level difference of distinct methods, relatively in Table 7, utilizes the continuity difference to carry out cold resistance significant difference comparative result in Table 8 to kind.
The cold resistance performance of table 6 different cultivars bud phase
Table 7, different tests method cold resistance are relatively
* be the cold resistance rank after refinement, according to differential, with the planting percent ratio, calculate and obtain
Relatively prior art and the inventive method, in the accuracy of identifying and assess rice varieties bud phase Difference of Cold Tolerance, can be found:
Used the seed of the long uniformity of bud of same quantity in l, the present invention's test due to same kind, the sample size of each kind Pass Test condition is consistent, not do not occur as the prior art test in as in good morning 17, only have respectively 12 in three repetitions, the bud of 7 and 13 Pass Test conditions enters test.The large sample test can effectively reduce the error caused because of test material.
2, utilize test method of the present invention can make error between the different repetitions of same kind reduce.Utilize test method of the present invention, the different planting percent numerical value repeated of same kind is relatively concentrated, mostly the cold resistance of kind is all in same rank, and the minority kind, in two adjacent ranks, does not appear at and crosses over three other phenomenons of level in the test method of prior art (as prosperous as the Gan in art methods 203 3 are repeated to be respectively 3,5,7 three ranks, five excellent 157 three repeat is 1,3,7 three ranks), improved the accuracy of test.
3, utilize classification identification standard of the present invention, by planting percent higher than 90% the extremely strong cold resistance that is attributed to, can avoid excessive too fast to 3 grades from 1 grade, and the span of rank 3 is excessive, make planting percent be greater than and all be attributed to same cold-resistant intensity more than 70, can more reasonably locate the cold resistance rank of kind, reduce the staging error caused because of experimental error.(three repetition values of L2 planting percent as excellent as gold are respectively 98.39,98.61 and 72.41, on statistics, the 3rd repetition values and the first two repetition values have significant difference, however according to the grade scale of prior art, their cold resistance intensity still belong to same level other, error is obviously very large).
4, adopt continuity numerical value to carry out cold resistance strength ratio between kind and, utilize new standard, can show well the nuance (table 8) of cold resistance between different cultivars.
Table 8 utilizes the kind cold resistance significance of continuity difference to compare
* for utilizing the continuity difference to carry out kind cold resistance significant difference relatively
Table 8 is visible, if only utilize discontinuous cold resistance intensity level to compare, kind only is divided into A, B, C, tetra-ranks of D, most of kinds are all in the rank in ABCD, and utilize continuous type numerical value to carry out cold resistance between kind, compare, the cold resistance of kind is divided into 8 ranks from A to H, Category disposition between each rank, can distinguish better the Difference of Cold Tolerance of different cultivars, especially when test kind quantity is many (such as the bud phase cold resistance of identifying and assess variety resources of rice), use the superiority of continuity value more can embody.
2, identify that appraisal procedure relatively for two kinds
From the comparative test result, can find out, Bud Bursting Period in Rice cold resistance test method of the present invention, cold resistance level evaluation standard and authentication method can reduce experimental error well, improve the accurate rate of test, reasonably the bud phase cold resistance of different rice varieties identified, assessed and compared, with respect to test and the evaluation method of prior art, there is following side in the inventive method
The advantage of face:
1, test method of the present invention can be tested the raising sample size effectively, reduces the experimental error that the difference because of test material causes, thereby improves the accurate rate of test.
2, grade scale of the present invention can be avoided existing significant difference but still to occur in other phenomenon of same cold resistance level because grading range narrow (from 1 grade to 3 grades) or wide (from 7 grades to 9 grades) cause planting percent, reasonably the cold resistance of kind is carried out to strength grading.
3, utilize continuity numerical value to the cold resistance intensity between different cultivars, the nuance of more different rice varieties bud phase cold resistances effectively, for selection and the utilization of variety resources of rice provides more detailed and reliable data.
3, sum up
The Bud Bursting Period in Rice cold resistance is to affect the key factor that rice bud grows, and accurately identifies and the Seedling Cold Tolerance of assessing rice germplasm can help rice breeding personnel choose reasonable cold resistance germplasm to carry out the improvement of rice varieties cold resistance.Test method and the evaluation criteria disunity of current rice germplasm bud phase cold resistance, there are larger error in existing test method and assessment result to result of the test, existing test method, evaluation and evaluation criteria are improved and revised, can effectively avoid the error caused because of method of testing, improve the accuracy of test and assessment, greatly improve the availability of Rice Germplasm Resources and the success rate of cold resistance breeding.
Test method has in the past been pointed out in this test, identify and the existing drawback of evaluation criteria, and constructively test method is improved, evaluation and evaluation criteria have been carried out correcting and refinement, utilize test method of the present invention can avoid the error caused because of the test material difference, utilize new evaluation and evaluation criteria to carry out objective analysis and trickle evaluation to the cold resistance of different cultivars, this test method and identify that evaluation criteria will provide for the evaluation assessment of Rice Germplasm Resources bud phase cold resistance from now on objective, method and a standard accurately.
Claims (3)
1. a method of accurately identifying and assess the Bud Bursting Period in Rice cold resistance, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, the seed dormancy of breaking: every kind is chosen enough substantial full seeds, before test, first by 45 ℃～50 ℃ high temperature treatment, within 48 hours, breaks seed dormancy;
Step 2, constant temperature vernalization: all seeds are put into clear water and are soaked 1 day, then take out and put to vernalization in the insulating box of 30 ℃, when the bud of most of seed grows to 5mm, each 100, seed selecting the long 5mm of bud from every kind is positioned in the culture dish that is lined with moistening filter paper;
Step 3, low temperature stress: all culture dishes that place seed first are placed in 5 ℃ of illumination boxs processes 10d;
Step 4, normal temperature are recovered growth: culture dish is taken out and is placed in temperature higher than 20 ℃ the indoor of sunlight arranged, the rice bud is restore normal growth, placement 7-10d " Invest, Then Investigate " survives the seedling number;
Step 5, cold resistance evaluation: according to formula: planting percent (%)=(surviving seedling number/100) * 100 calculate seeding rate; Estimate the power of bud phase cold resistance with planting percent, according to planting percent by each kind independently cold resistance be divided into 1,3,5,7,9 five grade and estimated, determine each grading standard and name;
Step 6, cold-resistant intensity are calculated: use the calculated value of the cold-resistant intensity of continuity to compare cold resistance between kind.
2. the method for a kind of accurate evaluation as claimed in claim 1 and assessment Bud Bursting Period in Rice cold resistance is characterized in that Bud Bursting Period in Rice cold resistance evaluation index and classification called after in described step 5:
1 grade: planting percent>90%, leaf look viridescent, cold resistance is extremely strong;
3 grades: 90% >=planting percent>70%, cold resistance is strong;
5 grades: 70% >=planting percent>50%, in cold resistance;
7 grades: 50% >=planting percent>10%, a little less than cold resistance;
9 grades: 10% >=planting percent, cold resistance extremely a little less than.
3. the method for a kind of accurate evaluation as claimed in claim 1 and assessment Bud Bursting Period in Rice cold resistance, is characterized in that, in described step 6, the computational methods of cold-resistant intensity are:
1 grade: 1-(planting percent (%)-90)/10,0≤cold-resistant intensity<1;
3 grades: 3-(planting percent (%)-70)/10,1≤cold-resistant intensity<3;
5 grades: 5-(planting percent (%)-50)/10,3≤cold-resistant intensity<5;
7 grades: 7-(planting percent (%)-10)/20,5≤cold-resistant intensity<7;
9 grades: 9-planting percent (%)/5,7≤cold-resistant intensity≤9.
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