CN111406641A - Breeding method of new low-equi-value superfine-spun high-count yarn sea island cotton strain - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a breeding method of a new strain of low-equi-value superfine high-count-spun sea island cotton. The method for breeding the sea island cotton strain comprises the following steps: planting parent resources meeting the breeding target, emasculating and pollinating, harvesting F1 generations, and continuously selecting offspring among F2-F4 generations to obtain F5 generations; the obtained F5 generation is used as a male parent, the strain with good comprehensive properties is used as a female parent to be hybridized, the F1 generation is obtained, the offspring is planted and eliminated, and the single plant is selected in the F2-F4 generation according to the specific agronomic properties and the fiber quality properties concerned by spinning enterprises by combining a physical detection means, then the flower sealing selfing is carried out, and the target strain is bred by continuous generation adding. The method is used for directional breeding of the low-equi-value superfine new variety (line), and has the characteristics of clear target and high efficiency.

Description

Breeding method of new low-equi-value superfine-spun high-count yarn sea island cotton strain

Technical Field

The invention relates to a breeding method of a new strain (variety) of sea island cotton, in particular to a breeding method of a new strain of sea island cotton with specific quality characters such as low micronaire value, superfine fiber fineness and the like, and relates to the field of agricultural breeding.

Background

The sea island cotton fiber has excellent quality and character, is commonly used for manufacturing high-end textile products and special textile products, and has higher economic value. Along with the gradual improvement of national living standard and the development of textile technology, textile products gradually change from spinning low count yarns to spinning high count yarns and ultrahigh count yarns, so the requirements on the quality and the properties of raw cotton are higher and higher. However, the quality and character of the currently examined sea island cotton bred in China are seriously homogenized, and the high-quality sea island cotton variety for spinning high-count ultra-high count yarns is lacked, so that the development of the cotton industry is hindered. Therefore, the breeding of new sea island cotton strain (variety) suitable for spinning high count yarn has important significance for the sustainable development of the cotton spinning industry in China.

At present, island cotton in China is only planted in Xinjiang, and is limited by a variety approval system, a fiber quality detection means and popularization and planting in the process of breeding the island cotton, most breeders only pay attention to disease resistance, yield and quality characters (the average length of the upper half of a fiber is more than or equal to 36mm, the fiber breaking ratio strength is more than or equal to 45cN/tex, and the micronaire value is 3.7-4.2) meeting the variety approval requirements for breeding the island cotton, and almost rarely breed new varieties according to the requirements of spinning enterprises for spinning high-count and ultrahigh-count yarns (more than 140S). The development of many cotton spinning enterprises in China is limited, high-count and ultrahigh-count yarns are difficult to produce in a large scale, and the competitiveness of the enterprises in the international market is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to culture new sea island cotton strains (varieties) with low micronaire value (less than or equal to 3.5) and superfine fiber fineness (less than or equal to 135 millitex), ensure the healthy development of the cotton industry in China and meet the production requirements of the cotton spinning industry.

Prior art documents CN102229980B, CN102229981B and CN102229982B respectively disclose methods for breeding Kalanchoe with improved micronaire value of cotton, which are molecular breeding methods, and cotton fiber quality detection is carried out on chromosome segment introgression lines of the Kalanchoe, so as to screen out specific introgression lines with remarkably low micronaire value, and the introgression lines are used as non-recurrent parents to carry out hybridization, backcross for 2 generations and selfing for 3 generations, and molecular marker assisted selection is carried out to obtain a new cotton line with excellent micronaire value. The molecular breeding methods have higher requirements on operation technology and higher cost, and the new varieties of the selected cotton are difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of low micronaire value (less than or equal to 3.5) and superfine fiber fineness (less than or equal to 135 millitex).

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for breeding a new sea island cotton strain (variety) with low micronaire and superfine fiber fineness.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a sea island cotton fiber produced from the sea island cotton obtained by the breeding method.

The invention also aims to provide the application of the sea island cotton fiber in spinning the high count yarn with the yarn number of 140S or more.

In one aspect, the invention provides a method for breeding an island cotton strain, which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: planting parent resources meeting the breeding target, emasculating and pollinating, harvesting F1 generations, and continuously selecting offspring among F2-F4 generations to obtain F5 generations;

step two: the obtained F5 generation is used as a male parent, the strain with good comprehensive properties is used as a female parent to be hybridized, the F1 generation is obtained, the offspring is planted and eliminated for selection, the single plant is selected in the F2-F4 generation according to the specific agronomic properties and the fiber quality properties concerned by spinning enterprises by combining a physical detection means, then the flower sealing selfing is carried out, and the target strain is selected and bred by continuous generation adding selection.

According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the breeding method of the invention, in the first step, the quality traits of the parent resources meeting the breeding target are as follows: the fiber length is more than 34mm, and the micronaire value is less than 3.9.

According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the breeding method, in the first step, after F1 generations are harvested, the offspring are continuously selected among F2-F4 generations according to the combined dibble seeding number, and F5 generations with excellent field performance and excellent fiber quality are obtained.

According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the breeding method, in the first step, when continuous selection is carried out between generations F2-F4, a single plant with a micronaire value of less than 3.7, an average length of the upper half of the fiber of more than 37mm and a uniformity index of more than 87% is selected. Preferably, the individual plants can be further selected according to specific agronomic traits and fiber quality traits concerned by spinning enterprises by combining physical detection means.

According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the breeding method, in the first step, the character of the F5 generation: the micronaire value is lower than 3.7, the average length of the upper half part of the fiber is more than 37mm, and the fineness is below 140 millitex. Generally, the F5 generation had a plant type with high productivity: the single plant has strong boll bearing property, large single boll, compact plant type, short fruit branches, good stress resistance and resistance to fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt; the quality character of the fiber reaches the breeding target.

According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the breeding method, in the first step, parent resources are collected and a field plant row planting mode is carried out.

According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the breeding method, in the second step, the female parent characters: the weight of a single bell is more than 3.0g, the regularity index is more than 87.0 percent, and the micronaire value is lower than 3.7.

According to the specific implementation scheme of the invention, the selective breeding method adopts a south-breeding and north-breeding alternate planting mode for selection and elimination. Preferably, in the whole breeding process, different generation materials can be alternately planted in Alar and Hainan Xinjiang, so that a new sea island cotton material with excellent fiber quality and character and stable inheritance is effectively screened out, the breeding period is shortened, and the cross breeding efficiency is improved.

According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the breeding method, in the first step and the second step, the single plant and the strain which meet the breeding target are directionally selected according to the agronomic character observation and the fiber quality character detection of the breeding target from the F2 generation. Preferably, the fiber micronaire value and the fiber fineness of the individual plants and plant row materials harvested in each generation are measured, and strains with a micronaire value of less than 3.7 and a fiber fineness of 140 millitex or less, more preferably strains with a micronaire value of less than 3.5 and a fiber fineness of 135 millitex or less, are selected. Further preferably, the fiber quality character detection also comprises detecting the average length of the upper half part of the fiber, the breaking ratio strength, the fiber maturity, the uniformity index and/or the spinning consistency, and eliminating materials which do not meet the character requirements. In the present invention, it is preferable to select individuals having an alignment index of 87% or more.

According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the breeding method of the present invention, the requirement for the agronomic traits of each generation, particularly of the parent resources, is usually: compact plant type, moderate internode, short fruit branch, smooth and centralized boll opening and easy flower picking. And (3) yield and character aspects: moderate growth period, no premature senility, strong adaptability, strong single plant boll formation and good high yield, and can be widely popularized and planted in local areas. The particular choice of these requirements can be readily determined by one skilled in the art based on the actual growth conditions.

According to a specific embodiment of the invention, in the breeding method of the invention, when continuously selecting between generations F2-F4, single plants with compact plant type, strong boll forming property, concentrated boll opening, good boll containing property and good picking property are preferably selected. The particular choice of these requirements can also be readily determined by one skilled in the art based on the actual growth conditions.

According to the specific embodiment of the invention, the breeding method of the invention carries out the harvesting work of single plant and the delinting and seed reserving work from the third fruit branch to the tenth fruit branch in the flowering period of different generations.

The breeding method of the new sea island cotton strain can be specially used for directionally breeding the new sea island cotton strain (variety) of the high spun yarn (more than 140S) with low micronaire and superfine fiber fineness. The cross method of double crossing overcomes the relativity between fiber quality characters, obviously reduces the micronaire value and fiber fineness, and keeps other quality character indexes unchanged.

In some embodiments of the invention, new varieties of Gossypium barbadense with low micronaire and ultra-fine fiber are bred. The breeding method of the invention comprises the step one, wherein the Xinhai No. 2 is used as a female parent, and the Xinhai No. 14 is used as a male parent. In the second step, Xinhai No. 20 is used as the female parent.

In some more specific embodiments of the present invention, a new line "yunlong 33" (i.e., "line 3", designated as "yunlong 33" in 1 month of 2018, the same below) suitable for spinning high count ultra-high count yarn self-breeding cotton has been cultivated by the method of the present invention. The specific breeding method comprises the following steps:

(1) taking an approved Xinhai No. 2 as a female parent and a Xinhai No. 14 as a male parent for hybridization, manually emasculating and pollinating in windless or breezy and clear days, harvesting F1 generations, and carrying out serial selection on the generations according to combined dibble seeding numbers, wherein the progeny is continuously selected from F2-F4 generations to obtain F5 generations with excellent field performance and excellent fiber quality;

(2) the obtained F5 generation is used as a male parent, the Xinhai No. 20 is used as a female parent to perform hybridization, the F1 generation is obtained, the offspring is planted and eliminated, and the single plant is selected in the F2-F4 generation according to the specific agronomic characters and the fiber quality characters concerned by spinning enterprises by combining a physical detection means, and then the flower sealing selfing is performed to select the strain which can be stably inherited through a strain and variety comparison test;

(3) the obtained strain is subjected to field identification, fiber quality character test and pilot spinning, and the obtained strain is the new sea island cotton strain (variety) with low micronic micronaire value, namely 'Yuanlong No. 33'.

Through detection, the new sea island cotton strain (variety) 'Yuanlong No. 33' fiber quality character is bred: the micronaire value is below 3.5, the fiber fineness is below 135 millitex, the average length of the upper half of the fiber is above 39mm, and the breaking strength is above 42 cN/tex.

Thus, in another aspect, the present invention also provides an gossypium barbadense fiber produced from the new strain(s) of gossypium barbadense bred by the method of the present invention. In some embodiments of the invention, new varieties of Gossypium barbadense with low micronaire and ultra-fine fiber are bred. The new variety of sea island cotton selected by the breeding method has a fiber micronaire value below 3.5 and a fiber fineness below 135 millitex. Preferably, the average length of the upper half of the fiber is more than 39mm, and the breaking specific strength is more than 42 cN/tex.

The invention also provides the application of the sea island cotton fiber in spinning the high count yarn with more than 140S.

In summary, the present invention provides a method for breeding a new variety of sea island cotton, which can breed a new variety (variety) of sea island cotton with low micronaire value and fiber fineness for ultra-fine spinning of high count yarn, wherein the method of double crossing is used for hybridization, directional selection is performed from low generation according to fiber quality characters and specific agronomic characters concerned by spinning enterprises, single plant selection is continuously performed in different generations, single plants and plant row materials harvested in different generations are used for detecting fiber quality and fiber fineness, fiber character indexes and field agronomic characters concerned by spinning cotton spinning enterprises are tracked, and a new material meeting breeding targets is rapidly obtained. The method of the invention ensures that the bred new strain (seed) is homozygous by continuous generation-adding selection, and the degree of purity is over 99 percent after F6 generation generally, so that the bred target strain can be stably inherited. The method of the invention has the advantages of efficiently and quickly cultivating the high-quality cotton Yuanlong No. 33 suitable for spinning high count yarn and ultrahigh count yarn, making up for the shortage of short plates for spinning high count ultrahigh count yarn sea island cotton in China, and improving the market competitiveness of high-quality raw cotton. The method has the characteristics of clear target and high efficiency, and ensures the self-sufficient capability of the high-quality sea island cotton in China.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process of breeding the new variety of sea island cotton of the present invention, Yuanlong No. 33.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description is provided for the purpose of illustrating the embodiments and the advantageous effects thereof, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In the examples, the fiber quality properties were measured using the Uster HVI and AFIS instruments.

Example 1

The embodiment is a sea island cotton strain which has the micronaire value lower than 3.5 and the fiber fineness less than 135 mm and is particularly suitable for spinning high count yarns. The specific breeding method comprises the following steps:

1. determining a breeding target according to the requirement of spinning enterprises for spinning high count yarns, collecting appropriate parent resources, and improving the agronomic characters: compact plant type, moderate internode, short fruit branch, smooth and centralized boll opening and easy flower picking; and (3) yield and character aspects: the growth period is moderate, the early senescence is avoided, the adaptability is strong, the single plant has strong boll formation and good yield, and the variety is popularized and planted in large area; quality and character aspects: the fiber length is more than 34mm, the micronaire value is less than 3.9, and the method is suitable for spinning 80S high count yarns and designing a hybridization combination;

2. carrying out field plant row planting on the collected parents, ensuring the purity by selfing, collecting cotton bolls to detect the quality characters of the fibers, and mainly investigating the micronaire value and the fiber fineness, wherein the micronaire value is less than 3.7, the fiber fineness is less than 140 millitex, and the uniformity is more than 87%;

3. carrying out hybridization combination matching, and carrying out classified planting on the parent resources of the determined hybridization combination according to breeding targets;

4. and (3) in the full bloom period from the beginning of 7 months to the middle of 7 months, selecting sunny and calm weather for artificial emasculation and pollination, artificially emasculating buds which are exposed to about 1.5cm from the fourth fruit branch to the seventh fruit branch on the female parent material at 18:00-19:00 afternoon before pollination, tying bright hair lines at the stem of the flower bell, and mechanically applying a 3cm suction pipe to avoid accidental pollination. Picking male parent flowers with openings of about 1cm when pollination is carried out at 11:00 days, placing the flowers in an area with good illumination conditions, carrying out artificial pollination on the castrated female parent materials after pollen is scattered and reaches the maximum activity, and continuously sleeving a suction pipe on the castrated female parent heads after pollination is finished;

5. harvesting hybrid F1 generation in the beginning of 10 months, and performing delinting and seed reserving work by using a small-sized flower binding machine;

6. the harvested hybrid F1 generation is added in Hainan, dibbling is carried out according to combination, and in the flowering period of different generations, selfing work is started from the third fruit branch to the tenth fruit branch, and single plant harvesting work and down-peeling seed-reserving work are carried out in the harvesting period;

7. carrying out agronomic character observation and fiber quality character detection from F2 generation according to a breeding target, and directionally selecting single plants and strains which accord with the breeding target;

8. the harvested individual cotton fiber samples of the material were subjected to: testing the micronaire value, the fiber fineness, the average length of the upper half part of the fiber, the fiber specific strength, the fiber maturity, the uniformity index, the spinning consistency and the like, mainly investigating the micronaire value and the fiber fineness, wherein the micronaire value is lower than 3.7, the fiber fineness is lower than 140 millitex, the average length of the upper half part of the fiber is larger than 37mm, the uniformity index is more than 87%, the plant type is compact, the boll forming performance is high, the boll forming performance is concentrated, the boll containing performance is good, the picking performance is good, and materials which do not meet the property requirements are eliminated until the F5 generation;

9. the obtained F5 generation is used as a male parent, a strain with good comprehensive properties (wide adaptability, strong boll forming property, single boll weight of more than 3.0g, uniformity index of more than 87.0%, micronaire value of less than 3.7 and suitability for spinning high count yarn) Xinhai No. 20 is used as a female parent for hybridization, F1 generation is harvested, the offspring is planted and eliminated for selection, the operation is as 4-7 strips in the example 1, and the harvested single plant material cotton fiber sample is similarly subjected to: testing the micronaire value, the fiber fineness, the average length of the upper half part of the fiber, the fiber specific strength, the fiber maturity, the uniformity index, the spinning consistency and the like, mainly investigating the micronaire value and the fiber fineness, selecting single plants with the micronaire value lower than 3.5, the fiber fineness lower than 135 millitex, the average length of the upper half part of the fiber larger than 37mm, the uniformity index more than 87%, compact plant type, strong boll forming property, concentrated boll formation, good boll containing property and good picking property, eliminating materials which do not meet the property requirements, and then performing flower sealing and selfing until the generation F5;

10. after planting the F5 generation meeting the target character requirements, observing the agronomic characters in the whole growth period, harvesting all cotton bolls at the end of 10 months, performing cotton ginning and seed reserving, and detecting the fiber quality: the average length of the upper half part of the fiber, the fiber specific strength, the micronaire value, the fiber fineness, the fiber maturity, the uniformity index, the spinning consistency and the like, and the single plant has strong bolling performance, large single boll, compact plant type, short fruit branches, good stress resistance and fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt resistance; the fiber quality character reaches the breeding target, the micronaire value is lower than 3.5, the average length of the upper half part of the fiber is larger than 37mm, the fiber fineness is smaller than 135 millitex, the specific breaking strength of the fiber is larger than 42cN/tex, the spinning consistency is higher than 230, and the fiber is suitable for spinning 140S and above high count yarns. Reserving strains meeting requirements for planting the rows and the plants;

11. performing plant tests on the F6 generation material meeting the target requirements, inspecting the stability of the agricultural shape, the yield, the micronaire value and the fiber fineness of the variety, eliminating the material with larger variation amplitude, and mainly eliminating the material with larger fiber quality character difference, poor repeatability and large environmental influence among repetitions;

12. strain stabilization and propagation, plant row and small-area propagation tests and final propagation determination are carried out, the stability, purity, fiber micronaire value, fiber fineness and the like of the strain (strain) are inspected, and trial spinning is carried out, wherein the trial spinning is mainly used for inspecting whether high-count yarns manufactured by taking the strain (strain) as a raw material can meet the A-level yarn standard required by a customer;

13. and carrying out large-area propagation planting and order agricultural production on the strains which have stable characters and heredity and meet expected targets, and carrying out production development on high-count and extra-high-count yarns.

In the embodiment, according to the steps, an approved Xinhai No. 2 is taken as a female parent, a Xinhai No. 14 is taken as a male parent for hybridization, artificial emasculation and pollination are carried out in windless or breezy and clear weather, F1 generations are harvested, the offspring are numbered according to combined dibble seeding, and the offspring are continuously selected from F2-F4 generations to obtain F5 generations with excellent field performance and excellent fiber quality; the obtained F5 generation is used as a male parent, the Xinhai No. 20 is used as a female parent, hybridization is carried out, the F1 generation is obtained, the offspring is planted and eliminated, and selection is carried out, single plants are selected in the F2-F4 generation according to specific agronomic characters and fiber quality characters concerned by spinning enterprises by combining a physical detection means, then flower sealing selfing is carried out, and strains capable of being stably inherited are selected through a strain and variety comparison test; the obtained strain is subjected to field identification, fiber quality character test and pilot spinning, and the obtained strain is the new sea island cotton strain (variety) with low micronic micronaire value, namely 'Yuanlong No. 33'. The breeding process of Yuanlong No. 33 can be seen in figure 1.

Compared with the currently approved new sea series sea island cotton variety, "Yuanlong No. 33" has the characteristics of low micronaire value (less than or equal to 3.5), thinner fiber (less than or equal to 135 millitex) and longer fiber (more than or equal to 39mm), increases the income of enterprises and farmers by planting more than 3000 mu in agriculture through orders, continuously tracks the detection results of HVI and AFIS, has stable yield and quality characters, and is suitable for spinning 140S-200S high-count yarns (tables 1-5).

Table 1: "Yuanlong No. 33" different high count yarn test spinning result

Note: in table 1, neps in the yarn of "yunlong No. 33" trial spinning 200S are larger than the customer requirements, on one hand, due to the superfine fineness of the fiber of "yunlong No. 33", and on the other hand, are influenced by the yarn forming process. The hairiness is larger than the requirement of a client and can be eliminated in the subsequent processing process.

Table 2: quality and character expression of each test point of Yuanlong No. 33 different years

Note: the high-temperature weather lasts for a long time in 2015, the growth and development of cotton fibers are hindered, and the quality of the cotton fibers is influenced.

Table 3: yuanlong No. 33 yield in different years and agronomic character phenotype

Table 4: detection result of fiber character of 'Yuanlong No. 33' cotton

Table 5: "Yuanlong No. 33" AFIS test result

The foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, and it is understood that various modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for breeding sea island cotton strain comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: planting parent resources meeting the breeding target, emasculating and pollinating, harvesting F1 generations, and continuously selecting offspring among F2-F4 generations to obtain F5 generations;

step two: the obtained F5 generation is used as a male parent, the strain with good comprehensive properties is used as a female parent to be hybridized, the F1 generation is harvested, the offspring is planted and eliminated, the single plant is selected in the F2-F4 generation, the seal flower selfing is carried out, and the target strain is selected and bred through continuous generation adding selection.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step one, the quality traits of the parent resources meeting the breeding goal are: the fiber length is more than 34mm, and the micronaire value is less than 3.9;

preferably, in the first step, when continuous selection is carried out between generations F2-F4, individuals with a micronaire value of less than 3.7, an average length of the upper half of the fiber of more than 37mm and a regularity index of more than 87% are selected.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step one, the trait of passage F5: the micronaire value is lower than 3.7, the average length of the upper half part of the fiber is more than 37mm, and the fineness is below 140 millitex.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the Xinhai No. 2 is used as a female parent, and the Xinhai No. 14 is used as a male parent;

in the second step, the female parent character: the single bell weight is more than 3.0g, the uniformity index is more than 87.0 percent, and the micronaire value is lower than 3.7; preferably, new sea No. 20 is used as the female parent.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein selection and elimination are performed by alternate planting in north and south breeding.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the first step and the second step, the individual plants and the lines meeting the breeding target are directionally selected according to the breeding target, starting from the F2 generation, agronomic trait observation and fiber quality trait detection;

preferably, the fiber micronaire value and the fiber fineness of single plants and plant row materials harvested from each generation are detected, strains with the micronaire value lower than 3.7 and the fiber fineness lower than 140 millitex are screened, and strains with the micronaire value lower than 3.5 and the fiber fineness lower than 135 millitex are screened;

more preferably, the fiber quality character detection also comprises the steps of detecting the average length of the upper half part of the fiber, the breaking ratio strength, the fiber maturity, the uniformity index and the spinning consistency, and eliminating materials which do not meet the character requirements.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the harvesting and delinting of the individual plant are performed from the selfing work of the third fruit branch to the end of the tenth fruit branch at the flowering stage of different generations.

8. An island cotton fiber produced from the island cotton strain bred by the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The sea island cotton fiber of claim 8, having a micronaire value of 3.5 or less and a fineness of 135 millitex or less; preferably, the average length of the upper half part is more than 39mm, and the breaking specific strength is more than 42 cN/tex.

10. Use of the sea island cotton fiber of claim 8 or 9 for spinning a high count yarn of 140S or more.

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