CN113287474A - Screening method for cold-resistant rice - Google Patents
Screening method for cold-resistant rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN113287474A CN113287474A CN202110553811.4A CN202110553811A CN113287474A CN 113287474 A CN113287474 A CN 113287474A CN 202110553811 A CN202110553811 A CN 202110553811A CN 113287474 A CN113287474 A CN 113287474A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
- A01C1/025—Testing seeds for determining their viability or germination capacity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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Abstract
The invention provides a screening method for cold-resistant rice, which relates to the technical field of rice screening and comprises the following steps: s1, selecting japonica rice varieties with high yield, good rice quality and excellent resistance but without cold tolerance, transferring the japonica rice into a germination box for measuring germination vigor and germination rate, and selecting the varieties with the germination vigor and the germination rate of more than 93 percent as screening sources of the cold tolerance rice. According to the method, through reasonable irrigation and cultivation, accidental withering and dry death of the rice can be avoided in the process of screening the cold-resistant rice, the screening error of the cold-resistant rice is further reduced, meanwhile, after the alternative cold-resistant rice variety is screened out, the selection is carried out through the step of selecting, the screening error of the cold-resistant rice can be further reduced, meanwhile, the selection period is short, the selection can be completed only in 2-4 days, the efficiency is high, compared with the traditional screening mode, the screening error is remarkably reduced, and the accuracy is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice screening, in particular to a screening method for cold-resistant rice.
Background
Rice is a temperature-loving crop and is sensitive to temperature, but global cold weather and climate events frequently occur at present, and serious harm is caused to the rice. The cold damage at low temperature occurs in our country, and has negative influence on the normal growth of rice.
At present, the existing screening method of cold-resistant rice usually judges the cold-resistant rice by examining the grain setting rate of a specific ear position of a rice ear, has the problem of poor screening precision in the process of practical application, is easy to misjudge some rice which is not cold-resistant into cold-resistant rice, is not beneficial to practical use, and needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a screening method for cold-resistant rice.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a screening method for cold-resistant rice, comprising the steps of:
s1, selecting japonica rice varieties with high yield, good rice quality and excellent resistance but without cold tolerance, transferring the japonica rice into a germination box for measuring germination vigor and germination rate, and selecting the varieties with the germination vigor and the germination rate of more than 93 percent as screening sources of the cold tolerance rice;
s2, cultivating, then extracting the main stem ears of the screening source rice by 1-1.5cm, selecting a plurality of screening source rice with the same growth degree, then transferring 70% of the screening source rice into an incubator to carry out low-temperature environment planting, and then transferring the remaining 30% of the screening source rice into a normal-temperature environment to plant;
s3, irrigating, wherein after the cultivation is finished, the irrigation is carried out for the first time, the irrigation needs to be thoroughly irrigated, meanwhile, the irrigation amount in the low-temperature environment and the normal-temperature environment is kept the same, the soil is kept moist before the three-leaf period, after the three-leaf period, the water is immediately discharged after the water is irrigated once, when the field begins to turn white, the water is discharged again, and then the soil is kept to be dry and wet alternately all the time;
s4, sprouting, wherein when 90% of seeds of the screened rice are mature, the harvesting time of the rice is the harvesting time of the rice, the water level is controlled to be below 1.2cm in 15-30 days before harvest, and the soil is required to be kept dry all the time before harvest until sprouting;
s5, screening, after emergence, statistically investigating emergence rate, and investigating seedling rate after the three-leaf period, wherein varieties with excellent emergence rate and seedling rate are alternative cold-resistant rice varieties;
and S6, checking, transplanting the alternative cold-resistant rice varieties into the incubator again for low-temperature environment planting and observation, and emerging seedlings after the observation time is over, wherein 30% of the alternative cold-resistant rice varieties with worst growth vigor are screened out after emergence of seedlings, and the rest 70% are cold-resistant rice varieties.
Further, in S1, the environmental temperature of the germination box is 26-31 ℃, and a double-layer placing structure is arranged inside the germination box for planting japonica rice.
Further, in S2, the specific temperature of the low temperature environment is 12 to 14 ℃, the specific temperature of the normal temperature environment is 22 to 25 ℃, and the illumination intensity of the low temperature environment and the normal temperature environment are both
1000-1400Lux。
Further, in S3, before the water filling operation, the humidity of the low temperature environment and the normal temperature environment is adjusted to 40-60%, and the light intensity is adjusted to 900-.
Further, in S4, the water level should be greater than 0.5cm and less than 1.5cm, and the soil should be kept dry 1-2 days before harvest.
Further, in S5, the emergence rate calculation formula is: the number of the germinated seeds is divided by the total number of the seeds multiplied by 100 percent, and the seedling rate is calculated by the formula: seedling number ÷ seeding grain number × 100%.
Further, in S5, it is excellent that the rate of emergence and the rate of seedling formation are equal to or greater than 80%.
Further, in S6, the temperature of the low-temperature environment is 11 to 12 ℃, and the observation time is 2 to 4 days.
Compared with the existing screening method, the method has the advantages that the rice is prevented from being withered and dried by accident in the process of screening the cold-resistant rice through reasonable irrigation and cultivation, the screening error of the cold-resistant rice is further reduced, meanwhile, after the alternative cold-resistant rice variety is screened out, the checking is carried out through the checking steps, the screening error of the cold-resistant rice can be further reduced, meanwhile, the checking period is short, the checking can be completed only in 2-4 days, the efficiency is high, compared with the traditional screening mode, the screening error is remarkably reduced, the accuracy is effectively improved, the practical use is facilitated, and the innovation is remarkable.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the steps of a screening method for cold-resistant rice according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In a first embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the screening method for cold-resistant rice includes the following steps:
s1, selecting japonica rice varieties with high yield, good rice quality and excellent resistance but without cold tolerance, transferring the japonica rice into a germination box for measuring germination vigor and germination rate, and selecting the varieties with the germination vigor and the germination rate of more than 93 percent as screening sources of the cold tolerance rice;
s2, cultivating, then drawing out the main stem ears of the screening source rice by 1cm, selecting a plurality of screening source rice with consistent growth degree, then transferring 70% of the screening source rice into an incubator for low-temperature environment planting, and then transferring the remaining 30% of the screening source rice into a normal-temperature environment for planting;
s3, irrigating, wherein after the cultivation is finished, the irrigation is carried out for the first time, the irrigation needs to be thoroughly irrigated, meanwhile, the irrigation amount in the low-temperature environment and the normal-temperature environment is kept the same, the soil is kept moist before the three-leaf period, after the three-leaf period, the water is immediately discharged after the water is irrigated once, when the field begins to turn white, the water is discharged again, and then the soil is kept to be dry and wet alternately all the time;
s4, sprouting, wherein when 90% of seeds of the screened rice are mature, the harvesting time of the rice is the harvesting time of the rice, the water level is controlled to be below 1.2cm in 15-30 days before harvest, and the soil is required to be kept dry all the time before harvest until sprouting;
s5, screening, after emergence, statistically investigating emergence rate, and investigating seedling rate after the three-leaf period, wherein varieties with excellent emergence rate and seedling rate are alternative cold-resistant rice varieties;
and S6, checking, transplanting the alternative cold-resistant rice varieties into the incubator again for low-temperature environment planting and observation, and emerging seedlings after the observation time is over, wherein 30% of the alternative cold-resistant rice varieties with worst growth vigor are screened out after emergence of seedlings, and the rest 70% are cold-resistant rice varieties.
Preferably, in S1, the environmental temperature of the germination box is 31 ℃, and a double-layer placing structure is arranged inside the germination box to plant japonica rice.
Preferably, in S2, the specific temperature of the low-temperature environment is 12 ℃, the specific temperature of the normal-temperature environment is 22 ℃, and the illumination intensities of the low-temperature environment and the normal-temperature environment are both 1000 Lux.
Preferably, in S3, before the watering operation, the humidity of the low-temperature environment and the humidity of the normal-temperature environment are adjusted to 40%, and the light intensity is adjusted to 900 Lux.
Preferably, in S4, the water level height should be greater than 0.5cm, and the water level height should be less than 1.5cm, and the soil should be kept dry 1 day before harvest.
Preferably, in S5, the emergence rate calculation formula is: the number of the germinated seeds is divided by the total number of the seeds multiplied by 100 percent, and the seedling rate is calculated by the formula: seedling number ÷ seeding grain number × 100%.
Preferably, in S5, the ratio of emergence and the rate of seedling formation are excellent, i.e., 80% or more.
Preferably, in S6, the temperature of the low-temperature environment is 11 ℃, and the observation time is 2 days.
In a second embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the screening method for cold-resistant rice comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting japonica rice varieties with high yield, good rice quality and excellent resistance but without cold tolerance, transferring the japonica rice into a germination box for measuring germination vigor and germination rate, and selecting the varieties with the germination vigor and the germination rate of more than 93 percent as screening sources of the cold tolerance rice;
s2, cultivating, then extracting the main stem ears of the screening source rice by 1.1cm, selecting a plurality of screening source rice with consistent growth degree, then transferring 70% of the screening source rice into an incubator for low-temperature environment planting, and then transferring the remaining 30% of the screening source rice into a normal-temperature environment for planting;
s3, irrigating, wherein after the cultivation is finished, the irrigation is carried out for the first time, the irrigation needs to be thoroughly irrigated, meanwhile, the irrigation amount in the low-temperature environment and the normal-temperature environment is kept the same, the soil is kept moist before the three-leaf period, after the three-leaf period, the water is immediately discharged after the water is irrigated once, when the field begins to turn white, the water is discharged again, and then the soil is kept to be dry and wet alternately all the time;
s4, sprouting, wherein when 90% of seeds of the screened source rice are mature, the harvesting time of the rice is the harvesting time of the rice, the water level is controlled to be below 1.2cm 18 days before harvest, and the soil is required to be kept dry all the time before harvest until sprouting;
s5, screening, after emergence, statistically investigating emergence rate, and investigating seedling rate after the three-leaf period, wherein varieties with excellent emergence rate and seedling rate are alternative cold-resistant rice varieties;
and S6, checking, transplanting the alternative cold-resistant rice varieties into the incubator again for low-temperature environment planting and observation, and emerging seedlings after the observation time is over, wherein 30% of the alternative cold-resistant rice varieties with worst growth vigor are screened out after emergence of seedlings, and the rest 70% are cold-resistant rice varieties.
Preferably, in S1, the environmental temperature of the germination box is 28 ℃, and a double-layer placing structure is arranged inside the germination box to plant japonica rice.
Preferably, in S2, the specific temperature of the low-temperature environment is 13 ℃, the specific temperature of the normal-temperature environment is 23 ℃, and the illumination intensities of the low-temperature environment and the normal-temperature environment are both 1100 Lux.
Preferably, in S3, before the watering operation, the humidity of the low-temperature environment and the humidity of the normal-temperature environment are adjusted to 55%, and the light intensity is adjusted to 950 Lux.
Preferably, in S4, the water level height should be greater than 0.5cm and less than 1.5cm, and the soil should be kept dry 2 days before harvest.
Preferably, in S5, the emergence rate calculation formula is: the number of the germinated seeds is divided by the total number of the seeds multiplied by 100 percent, and the seedling rate is calculated by the formula: seedling number ÷ seeding grain number × 100%.
Preferably, in S5, the ratio of emergence and the rate of seedling formation are excellent, i.e., 80% or more.
Preferably, in S6, the temperature of the low temperature environment is 12 ℃, and the observation time is 4 days.
In a third embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the screening method for cold-resistant rice comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting japonica rice varieties with high yield, good rice quality and excellent resistance but without cold tolerance, transferring the japonica rice into a germination box for measuring germination vigor and germination rate, and selecting the varieties with the germination vigor and the germination rate of more than 93 percent as screening sources of the cold tolerance rice;
s2, cultivating, then extracting the main stem ears of the screening source rice by 1.4cm, selecting a plurality of screening source rice with consistent growth degree, then transferring 70% of the screening source rice into an incubator for low-temperature environment planting, and then transferring the remaining 30% of the screening source rice into a normal-temperature environment for planting;
s3, irrigating, wherein after the cultivation is finished, the irrigation is carried out for the first time, the irrigation needs to be thoroughly irrigated, meanwhile, the irrigation amount in the low-temperature environment and the normal-temperature environment is kept the same, the soil is kept moist before the three-leaf period, after the three-leaf period, the water is immediately discharged after the water is irrigated once, when the field begins to turn white, the water is discharged again, and then the soil is kept to be dry and wet alternately all the time;
s4, sprouting, wherein when 90% of seeds of the screened source rice are mature, the harvesting time of the rice is the harvesting time of the rice, the water level is controlled to be below 1.2cm in 26 days before harvest, and the soil is required to be kept dry all the time before harvest until sprouting;
s5, screening, after emergence, statistically investigating emergence rate, and investigating seedling rate after the three-leaf period, wherein varieties with excellent emergence rate and seedling rate are alternative cold-resistant rice varieties;
and S6, checking, transplanting the alternative cold-resistant rice varieties into the incubator again for low-temperature environment planting and observation, and emerging seedlings after the observation time is over, wherein 30% of the alternative cold-resistant rice varieties with worst growth vigor are screened out after emergence of seedlings, and the rest 70% are cold-resistant rice varieties.
Preferably, in S1, the environmental temperature of the germination box is 29 ℃, and a double-layer placing structure is arranged inside the germination box to plant japonica rice.
Preferably, in S2, the specific temperature of the low-temperature environment is 14 ℃, the specific temperature of the normal-temperature environment is 25 ℃, and the illumination intensities of the low-temperature environment and the normal-temperature environment are both 1400 Lux.
Preferably, in S3, before the watering operation, the humidity of the low-temperature environment and the humidity of the normal-temperature environment are adjusted to 60%, and the light intensity is adjusted to 1100 Lux.
Preferably, in S4, the water level height should be greater than 0.5cm and less than 1.5cm, and the soil should be kept dry 2 days before harvest.
Preferably, in S5, the emergence rate calculation formula is: the number of the germinated seeds is divided by the total number of the seeds multiplied by 100 percent, and the seedling rate is calculated by the formula: seedling number ÷ seeding grain number × 100%.
Preferably, in S5, the ratio of emergence and the rate of seedling formation are excellent, i.e., 80% or more.
Preferably, in S6, the temperature of the low temperature environment is 12 ℃, and the observation time is 4 days.
In a fourth embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the screening method for cold-resistant rice comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting japonica rice varieties with high yield, good rice quality and excellent resistance but without cold tolerance, transferring the japonica rice into a germination box for measuring germination vigor and germination rate, and selecting the varieties with the germination vigor and the germination rate of more than 93 percent as screening sources of the cold tolerance rice;
s2, cultivating, then extracting the main stem ears of the screening source rice by 1.4cm, selecting a plurality of screening source rice with consistent growth degree, then transferring 70% of the screening source rice into an incubator for low-temperature environment planting, and then transferring the remaining 30% of the screening source rice into a normal-temperature environment for planting;
s3, irrigating, wherein after the cultivation is finished, the irrigation is carried out for the first time, the irrigation needs to be thoroughly irrigated, meanwhile, the irrigation amount in the low-temperature environment and the normal-temperature environment is kept the same, the soil is kept moist before the three-leaf period, after the three-leaf period, the water is immediately discharged after the water is irrigated once, when the field begins to turn white, the water is discharged again, and then the soil is kept to be dry and wet alternately all the time;
s4, sprouting, wherein when 90% of seeds of the screened source rice are mature, the harvesting time of the rice is the harvesting time of the rice, 29 days before harvest, the water level is controlled to be below 1.2cm, and the soil is required to be kept dry all the time before harvest until sprouting;
s5, screening, after emergence, statistically investigating emergence rate, and investigating seedling rate after the three-leaf period, wherein varieties with excellent emergence rate and seedling rate are alternative cold-resistant rice varieties;
and S6, checking, transplanting the alternative cold-resistant rice varieties into the incubator again for low-temperature environment planting and observation, and emerging seedlings after the observation time is over, wherein 30% of the alternative cold-resistant rice varieties with worst growth vigor are screened out after emergence of seedlings, and the rest 70% are cold-resistant rice varieties.
Preferably, in S1, the environmental temperature of the germination box is 30 ℃, and a double-layer placing structure is arranged inside the germination box to plant japonica rice.
Preferably, in S2, the specific temperature of the low-temperature environment is 13 ℃, the specific temperature of the normal-temperature environment is 25 ℃, and the illumination intensities of the low-temperature environment and the normal-temperature environment are both 1400 Lux.
Preferably, in S3, before the watering operation, the humidity of the low-temperature environment and the humidity of the normal-temperature environment are adjusted to 55%, and the light intensity is adjusted to 1050 Lux.
Preferably, in S4, the water level height should be greater than 0.5cm and less than 1.5cm, and the soil should be kept dry 2 days before harvest.
Preferably, in S5, the emergence rate calculation formula is: the number of the germinated seeds is divided by the total number of the seeds multiplied by 100 percent, and the seedling rate is calculated by the formula: seedling number ÷ seeding grain number × 100%.
Preferably, in S5, the ratio of emergence and the rate of seedling formation are excellent, i.e., 80% or more.
Preferably, in S6, the temperature of the low-temperature environment is 11 ℃, and the observation time is 3 days.
According to the embodiment, through reasonable irrigation and cultivation, the rice is prevented from being withered and withered accidentally in the process of screening the cold-resistant rice, the screening error of the cold-resistant rice is further reduced, meanwhile, after the alternative cold-resistant rice variety is screened out, the selection is carried out through the selection steps, the screening error of the cold-resistant rice can be further reduced, meanwhile, the selection period is short, the selection can be completed only in 2-4 days, the efficiency is high, compared with the traditional screening mode, the screening error is remarkably reduced, the accuracy is effectively improved, the practical use is facilitated, and the innovation is remarkable.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. A screening method for cold-resistant rice, comprising the steps of:
s1, selecting japonica rice varieties with high yield, good rice quality and excellent resistance but without cold tolerance, transferring the japonica rice into a germination box for measuring germination vigor and germination rate, and selecting the varieties with the germination vigor and the germination rate of more than 93 percent as screening sources of the cold tolerance rice;
s2, cultivating, then extracting the main stem ears of the screening source rice by 1-1.5cm, selecting a plurality of screening source rice with the same growth degree, then transferring 70% of the screening source rice into an incubator to carry out low-temperature environment planting, and then transferring the remaining 30% of the screening source rice into a normal-temperature environment to plant;
s3, irrigating, wherein after the cultivation is finished, the irrigation is carried out for the first time, the irrigation needs to be thoroughly irrigated, meanwhile, the irrigation amount in the low-temperature environment and the normal-temperature environment is kept the same, the soil is kept moist before the three-leaf period, after the three-leaf period, the water is immediately discharged after the water is irrigated once, when the field begins to turn white, the water is discharged again, and then the soil is kept to be dry and wet alternately all the time;
s4, sprouting, wherein when 90% of seeds of the screened rice are mature, the harvesting time of the rice is the harvesting time of the rice, the water level is controlled to be below 1.2cm in 15-30 days before harvest, and the soil is required to be kept dry all the time before harvest until sprouting;
s5, screening, after emergence, statistically investigating emergence rate, and investigating seedling rate after the three-leaf period, wherein varieties with excellent emergence rate and seedling rate are alternative cold-resistant rice varieties;
and S6, checking, transplanting the alternative cold-resistant rice varieties into the incubator again for low-temperature environment planting and observation, and emerging seedlings after the observation time is over, wherein 30% of the alternative cold-resistant rice varieties with worst growth vigor are screened out after emergence of seedlings, and the rest 70% are cold-resistant rice varieties.
2. The screening method for cold-resistant rice according to claim 1, wherein: in S1, the environmental temperature of the germination box is 26-31 ℃, and a double-layer placing structure is arranged inside the germination box for planting japonica rice.
3. The screening method for cold-resistant rice according to claim 2, wherein: in S2, the specific temperature of the low-temperature environment is 12-14 ℃, the specific temperature of the normal-temperature environment is 22-25 ℃, and the illumination intensity of the low-temperature environment and the normal-temperature environment are both 1000-1400 Lux.
4. The screening method for cold-resistant rice according to claim 1, wherein: in S3, before the water filling operation, the humidity of the low-temperature environment and the normal-temperature environment is adjusted to 40-60%, and the illumination intensity is adjusted to 900-1100 Lux.
5. The screening method for cold-resistant rice according to claim 1, wherein: in S4, the water level height should be greater than 0.5cm, and the water level height should be less than 1.5cm, and the soil should be kept dry 1-2 days before harvest.
6. The screening method for cold-resistant rice according to claim 1, wherein: in S5, the emergence rate calculation formula is: the number of the germinated seeds is divided by the total number of the seeds multiplied by 100 percent, and the seedling rate is calculated by the formula: seedling number ÷ seeding grain number × 100%.
7. The screening method for cold-resistant rice according to claim 1, wherein: in S5, the emergence rate and the seedling rate are excellent, wherein the emergence rate and the seedling rate are more than or equal to 80%.
8. The screening method for cold-resistant rice according to claim 1, wherein: in S6, the temperature of the low temperature environment is 11-12 ℃, and the observation time is 2-4 days.
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| CN114766302A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-07-22 | 江西农业大学 | Screening method of direct-seeding early rice material with strong rebound growth after low-temperature stress |
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