CN103476968A - 钢板产品、钢板产品的制造方法和部件的制造方法 - Google Patents
钢板产品、钢板产品的制造方法和部件的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103476968A CN103476968A CN2012800123250A CN201280012325A CN103476968A CN 103476968 A CN103476968 A CN 103476968A CN 2012800123250 A CN2012800123250 A CN 2012800123250A CN 201280012325 A CN201280012325 A CN 201280012325A CN 103476968 A CN103476968 A CN 103476968A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- steel sheet
- sheet product
- metal
- tectum
- steel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 102
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 100
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical class [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- -1 phosphate compound Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 79
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 43
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 28
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910009369 Zn Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910007573 Zn-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910007567 Zn-Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910007614 Zn—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- FVIZARNDLVOMSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ginsenoside K Natural products C1CC(C2(CCC3C(C)(C)C(O)CCC3(C)C2CC2O)C)(C)C2C1C(C)(CCC=C(C)C)OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1O FVIZARNDLVOMSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011403 purification operation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical group [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical group N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000635 Spelter Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DGVMNQYBHPSIJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium;2,2,6,6-tetraoxido-1,3,5,7-tetraoxa-2,4,6-trisilaspiro[3.3]heptane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O1[Si]([O-])([O-])O[Si]21O[Si]([O-])([O-])O2 DGVMNQYBHPSIJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002285 poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/043—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/16—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a particulate layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0278—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular surface treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
- C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
- C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/50—Controlling or regulating the coating processes
- C23C2/52—Controlling or regulating the coating processes with means for measuring or sensing
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种钢板产品,该钢板产品用于通过热压成型变形成部件并且该钢板产品具有由钢构成的底层,将抗腐蚀的金属保护层涂覆到该底层上,该金属保护层由Zn或者Zn合金构成。这根据本发明由此来实现,即,将单独的覆盖层涂覆到钢板产品的至少一个暴露的表面上,该覆盖层包含至少一种非贵重金属的氧化物、氮化物、硫化物、碳化物、水化物或者磷酸盐化合物。此外,本发明还涉及一种能够制造这种钢板产品的方法以及实现一种由这种钢板产品制造部件的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种钢板产品,该钢板产品用于通过热压成型变形为部件并且该钢板产品具有由钢构成的底层,将抗腐蚀的金属保护层涂覆到该底层上,该金属保护层由Zn或者Zn合金构成。
此外,本发明还涉及这种钢板产品的制造方法。
最后,本发明涉及一种由根据本发明类型的钢板产品热压成型的部件的制造方法。
背景技术
当这里提到“钢板产品”时,对此是指钢带、钢板或者由它们所制成的薄板坯以及类似产品。
为了提供在现代化车身制造中所要求的重量轻、最大强度和保护效应的结合,如今在这种撞击的情况下可以承受特别高的负荷的车身制造领域中使用由高强度的钢热压成型或淬火而成的部件。
在热压淬火时将由冷轧钢带或热轧钢带分割而成的扁钢加热到通常位于各个钢的奥氏体化温度以上的变形温度并且在经加热的状态下放入变形压力机模具中。在接下来进行的变形过程中板坯或者由该板坯成型的部件通过与凉的模具的接触而得到快速的冷却。对此这样调整冷却速率,即,在部件中得到淬火组织。
适合于热压淬火的钢的典型实例已知名称为“22MnB5”并且可以在钢铁指南2004中的材料编号1.5528找到。
与已知的特别适用于热压淬火的MnB钢的优点相反,在实践中不利之处在于,含锰的钢通常易于腐蚀侵蚀并且难于钝化。
为了改善所述类型的含Mn的钢的耐腐蚀性,在文献EP1143029B1中设有,首先为特定用于热压成型的钢板设置锌涂层,然后在热变形之前这样加热该钢板,即,在钢板产品上进行加热时通过在钢板上的涂层转换出现金属间的化合物。这种化合物可以保护钢板不受腐蚀以及脱碳并且在冲压工具中的热成型过程中起到润滑功能。
尽管在现有技术中将润滑功能归入金属保护涂层,但是在根据已知方法所制造的薄板坯的实际变形中表明,由于各个经变形的扁材产品和与其相接触的、变形模具的表面之间的摩擦,在金属涂层和扁材产品的钢材料之间产生高的应力。这个应力可能这样大,即,在钢材料中形成应力裂纹。
在文献US2010/0269558A1中设有,通过涂覆在金属产品上的覆盖层降低了在模具中热压成型由金属制成的工件时所出现的摩擦力,该覆盖层具有润滑的性能。对此,该金属产品可以由Al材料、Mg材料、Ti材料或者不锈钢构成,在该金属产品上直接涂覆了覆盖层。对此,该覆盖层应该以基于水或乙醇的涂层液进行涂覆,该涂层液包含BN、石墨、WS2或者MoS2颗粒。在涂层液以一定的厚度涂覆到各个工件上之后,将该工件放置在具有50-100%相对湿度的、25-60℃的环境中至少一天,以使涂层粘附在工件表面上。然后加热到各个变形温度以用于热压成型并且在变形模具中使经这样加热的工件变形。以这种方式,虽然确实有可能减小变形模具中工件和模具之间出现的摩擦力。然而,以在精确规定的环境下至少一天的作用持续时间为前提条件的镀层方法不适用于大规模地制造扁材产品,在这种大规模的制造中经济生产的前提条件是不间断的、连续的生产过程。此外,例如已知的方法不适合用于改善具有Zn涂层的钢板产品的变形能力。
发明内容
基于前述的现有技术,本发明的目的在于,提供一种具有基于Zn的涂层的钢板产品,具有用于热压成型最佳的适宜性。此外,应该给出一种允许制造这种钢板产品的方法,以及给出一种能够由这种钢板产品制造部件的方法。
在钢板产品方面,根据本发明通过使钢板产品具有权利要求1中所给出的特征实现了该目的。
根据本发明,根据本发明的钢板产品的制造方法包括权利要求12中给出的步骤。
为了由根据本发明的钢板产品制造部件,本发明提供权利要求19中给出的方法。
本发明的有利设计和变体在从属权利要求中给出并且下面详细阐述本发明的一般思想。
根据本发明的、用于通过热压成型变形为部件的钢板产品具有由钢构成的底层,将抗腐蚀的金属保护层涂覆到该底层上,该金属保护层由Zn或者Zn合金构成。
根据本发明,该钢板产品额外地在其至少一个暴露的表面上以单独的覆盖层额外地进行涂覆,该覆盖层包含有非贵重金属的氧化物、氮化物、硫化物、碳化物、水化物或者磷酸盐化合物。根据本发明,相应地以单独的工序并且无论是否有其他的、可选择地存在于根据本发明的钢板产品上的涂层都可以涂覆覆盖层。该覆盖层根据润滑剂的类型起作用并且因此改善了根据本发明的用于通过热压成型变形成部件的钢板产品的适宜性。
根据对本发明的理解,构成根据本发明的氧化物、氮化物、硫化物、碳化物或者磷酸盐化合物的非贵重的金属是指所有金属,这些金属在通常条件下已经和大气中的氧气反应。此外非贵重金属在这里也包括碱土金属、碱金属和半金属(也称为准金属)以及过渡金属。
根据本发明所提供的钢板产品的由钢构成的底层通常是由具有Mn的合金钢构成的,就像在现有技术中已经以各种形式为热压成型所提供的钢一样。这种钢通常具有0.1-3重量%的Mn以及B成份,以达到这种钢所需要的强度等级。由这种钢所制成的这种钢板产品通常非常易于腐蚀,因此通常涂上基于Zn的金属保护层,该保护层应该保护钢板产品免受腐蚀。已证实在对这些钢板产品进行热压成型时根据本发明的覆盖层是特别有效的,在这些钢板产品中已经将抗腐蚀的Zn保护层或者Zn合金保护层涂覆到由钢所构成的钢板产品的底层上,覆盖层位于保护层上。
可以证实,在对具有基于Zn或Zn合金的保护层和以根据本发明的方式具有位于保护层上的覆盖层的钢板产品进行热压成型时已经比在对虽然具有相同的保护层但是没有根据本发明的覆盖层的对比产品进行热压成型时形成少约80%的裂纹。
存在于根据本发明所提供的覆盖层中的化合物涉及例如碱土金属的化合物Mg3Si4O10(OH)2、MgO或CaCO3,碱金属化合物K2CO3或Na2Ca3,半金属化合物BN、Al2O3(立体)、SiO2、SnS、SnS2和过渡金属化合物TiO2、Cr2O3、Fe2O3、Mn2O3、ZnS。
根据本发明的覆盖层明显地降低了在根据本发明的钢板产品变形过程中在各个成型模具中的摩擦。如果以颗粒形状涂覆根据本发明设置在覆盖层中的金属化合物,其中这包括这些颗粒一起构成紧密的、紧凑的覆盖层这个方案,则是特别适合的。如果化合物的颗粒的平均直径为0.01-3μm时,则在根据本发明的钢板产品的变形时就会得到最佳的效果。
替代性地根据本发明的覆盖层也可以作为溶液来施加,在烘干覆盖层过程中由该溶液形成金属盐,该金属盐在钢板产品上构成结晶涂层。
在这个方面根据本发明所设置的覆盖层的成份的特别有利之处在于,即使在对根据本发明涂覆的钢板产品进行热成型的高温时该覆盖层也可靠地发挥了其作用。对此不需要特别的措施,根据本发明涂覆的覆盖层这样牢固地粘附在各个钢基体上,即,不仅在用于加热薄板坯的加热炉中而且在变形模具中得到降至最低的磨损和微弱的粘性。
如果在连续加热炉中将根据本发明涂覆的钢板产品加热到变形温度并且对此在旋转的加热炉辊上向前移动,则证实微弱的粘性特别有利。根据本发明的钢板产品的根据本发明所构成的覆盖层在这里充其量少量黏着在加热炉辊上,从而将辊的磨损及其维护所需的费用降至最低。
在本文章中的实际研究表明,即使在对热压成型典型的700至950℃的温度范围中受到经过足够长时间的直接热负荷之后,根据本发明构成的覆盖层也保持其所需要的所有性能,特别是即使在高温下也稳定地保持这样长时间,直至各个根据本发明涂覆的钢板产品的变形已经结束。
对此,在热成型的加热阶段过程中,根据本发明的覆盖层不会对基于Zn的金属保护涂层的所希望的氧化层的形成产生不利的影响。在继续加工时没有由于存在有根据本发明的覆盖层而产生不利。特别是根据本发明的覆盖层没有妨碍焊接、粘合、涂装适应性而且没有损害其他涂层的涂装。相应地不需要在热压成型和接下来在分别所得到的部件上进行的操作步骤之间去除根据本发明的覆盖层。
根据本发明涂覆的覆盖层弥补了提高的、在加热过程中为接下来的热压成型而在钢板产品的各个表面上形成的底层粗糙度。在这方面实际试验已表明,根据本发明涂覆的覆盖层需要尽可能地薄,特别是仅有0.1-5μm的厚度。
特别是涂覆在钢板产品的保护层上的根据本发明的覆盖层的涂层重量在已完成的产品上为至多15g/m2,特别是不高于5g/m2。一方面,在这种涂层中能够完全地利用覆盖层在变形模具中的减小摩擦的效果。另一方面,在根据本发明的薄覆盖层中特别可靠地排除了对在根据本发明的钢板产品的进一步加工时进行的操作步骤的效果的不利影响。
Zn层或Zn合金层可以以高的精确度直接涂覆到含Mn的钢基体上,由于这个精确度高,因此特别是在变形根据本发明镀层的、具有电解涂覆的Zn合金层(例如ZnNi合金涂层)的钢板产品中获得最佳的操作效果,该钢板产品的钢中包含有0.3-3重量%的Mn。因此,当以根据本发明的方式使钢板产品具有减小摩擦的覆盖层时,刚好这种钢板产品在热压成型时具有最小化的形成裂纹的趋势。
因此,借助本发明提供一种使形成应力裂纹的风险降到最小的钢板产品。
出于生产技术的观点,根据本发明的覆盖层的重要优势在于,其涂层可以容易地以连续进行的制造过程粘附到钢板产品的由钢构成的底层的金属保护层上。
根据本发明的用于制造根据上述钢板产品的方法对此至少包括下面的操作步骤:
-提供钢板产品,该钢板产品具有由钢构成的底层,该底层在其至少一个表面上以由Zn或者Zn合金构成的金属保护层涂覆,
-通过将涂层液涂覆到钢板产品的金属保护层上从而将覆盖层施加到钢板产品上,其中,涂层液(以重量%示出)的5-50%由非贵重金属的氧化物、氮化物、硫化物、碳化物、水化物或者磷酸盐化合物构成以及1-20%由粘合剂构成以及其余部分由溶剂构成,
-调整覆盖层厚度以及
-烘干覆盖层。
例如可以在用于涂覆基于Zn的金属保护层所需的工艺步骤之后在火焰涂装生产线或者电解涂装生产线中在涂层装置中进行为根据本发明的钢板产品涂层所提供的工序,涂层装置与为涂覆基于Zn的金属保护层所需要的工作站在一条流水线上并且从最后的工作站出来的钢板产品以连续的、不间断的运动过程进入该涂层装置。当然也可以在单独的、连续运转的生产线中涂上覆盖层。
根据涂覆到钢板产品的基于Zn的金属保护层上的涂层液的其他成份的量在根据本发明的操作方法中形成覆盖层,该覆盖层的20-98重量%由各个非贵重金属的氧化物、氮化物、硫化物、碳化物、水化物或者磷酸盐化合物构成,其余部分分别由其他成份构成。
在包含在根据本发明所涂覆的涂层液中的、各个非贵重金属的化合物十分有助于将热压成型过程中存在于模具中的摩擦降至最低的同时,额外存在于涂层液中的粘合剂确保由涂层液所形成的覆盖层足够牢固地粘附在钢板产品的由Zn或Zn合金构成的金属保护层上。
对于相关的粘合剂例如可以是有机或者无机粘合剂,例如可以是水玻璃或者纤维素。各粘合剂将根据本发明涂覆的涂层固定在基于Zn的保护层上并且防止根据本发明涂覆的涂层在板材变形之前脱落。
如果使用天然或人工制造的有机粘合剂,则该粘合剂优选应该是水溶性的以及能够良好离散的,以能够容易地将水作为涂层液的溶剂使用。合适的有机粘合剂例如是:纤维素酯、硝酸纤维素、醋酸丁酸纤维素、苯乙烯丙烯醛醋酸纤维素、聚乙烯醋酸纤维素、聚丙烯酸酯、硅树脂和聚酯树脂。对此应这样选择有机粘合剂,即,在涂覆或烘干涂层液的过程中或者为热成型进行加热时尽量无残留物地烧尽粘合剂。这样做具有优势,即,确保没有因为粘合剂而损害可焊接性。有机粘合剂也不应该含有像氟、氯和溴这样的卤素,这些卤素在燃烧过程(热成型)中导致放出有害健康的、易***的或具有腐蚀性的化合物。
如果使用无机粘合剂也得到了特别良好的涂层效果。这些无机粘合剂在加热和加压淬火过程之后留在钢板产品上,因此这些无机粘合剂通常也能够锁定在已完成产品的覆盖层中。硅氮烷、硅酸钾(K2O-SiO2)、硅酸钠(Na2O-SiO2)、(H2SiO3)或SiO2是上述类型的无机粘合剂的典型示例。
在烘干覆盖层的过程中能够容易蒸发的并且不需要较大成本就可以作为水蒸汽而抽走的并且可以对环境无害地清除掉的水优选用作液态载体,即溶剂,在该溶剂中包含有根据本发明涂覆的涂层液的其他成份。根据本发明涂覆的涂层液的溶剂含量对此典型地是15-80重量%,特别是经常大于50重量%。也可以使用油和乙醇代替水作为溶剂,只要油和乙醇蒸发快并且在应用区域中对人和设备技术没有危险。
根据本发明涂在基于Zn的金属保护层上的涂层液对此除了包含其主要成份“非贵重金属的氧化物、氮化物、硫化物、碳化物、水化物或者磷酸盐化合物”和“粘合剂”以外,还包含有例如改善涂层液的湿润性能或者根据本发明包含在涂层液中的化合物的分布状况的成份。
对此,实际试验已表明,当涂层液包含有5-35重量%的氧化物、氮化物、硫化物、碳化物、水化物或者磷酸盐化合物的成份时出现最佳的涂层效果。在这样安排涂层液的相关化合物成份的含量时得到这样的覆盖层,不高于94重量%的覆盖层由非贵重金属的氧化物、氮化物、硫化物、碳化物、水化物或者磷酸盐化合物构成。
当涂覆时涂层液温度为20-90℃、特别是60-90℃时,在最小化工艺流程时间和涂层效果方面起到有利作用。当涂覆涂层液时钢板产品的温度为5-150℃、特别是40-120℃时起到同样的效果。对此,对于操作步骤“涂覆覆盖层”所需的钢板产品的温度在适当连续的操作步骤中可以由前一操作步骤“涂覆金属保护层”加以使用。在这种情况下不需要使用额外的加热装置。
替代性地在热压成型操作之前的准备步骤的过程中实施根据本发明的覆盖层也是可以的。在这种情况下可以对此使用对热压成型操作所需要的用于烘干覆盖层的加热操作。因此将钢板产品在涂覆Zn保护层之后首先输送到再加工部并且在那里在钢板产品快进入热成型加热炉中前涂覆覆盖层,在该热成型加热炉中将钢板产品加热到热成型所需的温度,这样做是适宜的。
可以通过浸渍、喷溅或者其他的传统涂覆方法涂覆涂层液。
同样可以以传统的方式通过挤压辊压、排放多余的液体量、改变涂层液的固相组分或者改变涂层液的温度将层厚度调整到分别规定的优选位于0.1-5μm的范围中的层厚度。
通常在100-300℃时对根据本发明涂覆的覆盖层进行烘干,其中典型的烘干时间位于5-180秒的范围中。对此这样安排烘干温度和烘干时间,即,可以容易地在传统的烘干装置中完成烘干过程,以连续的进程引导各个钢板产品经过烘干装置。
然后可以将以根据本发明的方式镀层的钢带缠卷成卷材并且输送到再加工装置。在再加工部可以在时间和地点上分开地进行进一步的用于由根据本发明的钢板产品制造部件所需的工艺步骤。
由于在变形时、以根据本发明的方式设有覆盖层的钢板产品和变形模具接触时出现的摩擦降低到最小,因此可以由根据本发明镀层的钢板产品通过热压成型制成无裂纹的部件,对于成型这些部件需要高的拉伸系数或复杂结构的变形。为了制造经热压成型的部件对此提供根据本发明的方法,即,由具有根据本发明的类型的覆盖层的钢板产品以已知的方式、例如通过激光切割或者借助于其他传统的切割装置切割成薄板坯,然后将薄板坯加热到700℃以上的变形温度并且在变形模具中成型为部件。在实践中典型的变形温度在加热时间为3-15分钟时在700-950℃的范围中。
在加工具有由含有0.3-3重量%的Mn的钢制造的底层的钢板产品的情况下,例如当薄板坯温度或者部件温度最大为920℃、特别是830-905℃时,则产生最佳的处理效果。当加热到薄板坯温度或者部件温度之后这样热成型钢部件的形状来作为热成型操作,即,在不计较一定的温度损失的情况下将经加热的薄板坯(“直接”法)和经加热的钢部件(“间接”法)放入到接下来分别所使用的成型模具中是适宜的。当薄板坯温度和部件温度在离开分别所使用的加热炉时为850-880℃,那么可以特别可靠地分别进行最后的热成型操作。根据输送路线、输送时间和环境条件,在实践中模具中的部件温度通常比在离开加热炉时的温度低100-150℃。
可以以已知的方式从各个变形温度开始加速地冷却通过在这样高的温度中变形而得到的部件,以在部件中产生淬火组织并且达到最佳的负荷能力。
由于以根据本发明的方式镀层的钢板产品具有不敏感性,因此通过根据本发明涂覆的覆盖层所减小的在变形模具中的摩擦使根据本发明的钢板产品对抗了钢基体的裂纹和磨损,特别适用于具有一个阶段的热压成型操作,在该操作中使用前面进行加热操作的热量在一个过程中在各个变形模具中对钢部件进行热压成型以及冷却。
当然在分成两个阶段进行的热压淬火时根据本发明镀层的钢板产品的性能同样起到有利的作用。在这个工艺变体中,首先构成薄板坯然后在没有加入的热处理操作的情况下由薄板坯成型钢部件。然后通常在一个冷成型过程中进行钢部件的成型,其中进行一个或多个冷成型操作。对此冷成型度可以这样高,即,所得到的钢部件大体上已经完全形成。然而,将第一个成型作为预制进行并且加热之后在成型模具中进行钢部件的最终成型也是可以的。这种最终成型可以与淬火过程相结合,通过在合适的成型模具中进行淬火作为成型淬火。对此,将钢部件放入其形成最终形状的模具中并且为了形成所希望的淬火组织或调质组织而进行足够快速的冷却。因此该成型淬火实现了钢部件的特别良好的形状持久性。
不管使用根据本发明的方法的两个变体中的哪一个,都不必须以特别的、不同于现有技术的方式进行成型以及用于形成淬火组织或调质组织所需的冷却。更确切地说,可以使用已知的方法和对此用途已有的装置。
下面可以对根据本发明所得到的部件进行传统的接合和镀层工艺。
具体实施方式
下面根据实施例详细阐述本发明:
试验1:
为了由经冷轧和重结晶退火的、例如1.5mm厚的、由已知名称为“22MnB5”并且在钢铁指南2004中的材料编号1.5528的钢制成的钢带制造经热压成型的部件,在连续的进程中对钢带进行提纯操作。这种提纯操作可以包括以使用电刷头的喷射净化方式的碱性净化浴疗、电解脱脂、再次以电刷头进行的清水冲洗处理和以盐酸进行的酸洗以及继续的水冲洗。
在以电解方式工作的涂层装置中对经这样预处理的钢带设置ZnNi合金涂层,该合金涂层构成保护钢基体不受腐蚀和其他侵蚀的Zn保护层或者Zn合金保护层。对此所实施的方法在PCT申请PCT/EP2010/052326中进行了详细阐述,其内容包含在本发明中,以补充与此相关的公开内容。
然后,将这样以电解形式设置有10μm厚的ZnNi保护层的、加热到120℃的钢带浸渍到涂层液中,根据本发明该涂层液包含有20重量%的碳酸钙作为非贵重金属的碳酸盐和5重量%的硅酸盐化合物K2O-SiO2作为粘合剂,其余为水。然后通过轧开仍然为液态的涂层液调整以这种方式涂覆到钢带的ZnNi保护层上的覆盖层的厚度并且在烘干炉中烘干覆盖层。对此,这样安排浸渍镀层之后所调整的覆盖层厚度,即,在烘干过程结束时在钢带每侧上的覆盖层厚度都为2μm。在120℃的炉温下在5秒钟以内进行连续通过烘干炉完成的烘干。替代性地也可以通过变化非贵重金属的化合物的成份、池温度或者通过喷吹调整层厚度。
由经这样镀层的钢带切割成薄板坯,然后将这些薄板坯加热到离开加热炉时的例如880℃的热压成型温度,在传统的热压淬火模具中以一个步骤分别热压加工成钢部件并且这样快速地进行冷却,即,在钢基体中形成淬火组织。这样得到的、经热压成型的并且经淬火的钢部件是无裂纹的。
试验2
在第二个试验中,由以传统方式通过热浸镀层和接下来的热镀锌处理方法而设有10μm厚的Zn-Fe保护层的、由钢材料22MnB5构成的钢带切割成薄板坯。
然后,在薄板坯温度为120℃时通过喷射对薄板坯涂覆涂层液,该涂层液除了包含有水作为变形辅剂以外,根据本发明还包含有15重量%的、以单斜晶滑石形式存在的、非贵重金属的水合物以及10%的作为无机粘合剂用于将覆盖层粘合在金属保护层上的硅酸盐化合物Na2O-SiO2。
通过轧开设置经这样涂覆覆盖层的厚度之后,在烘干炉中烘干薄板坯。对此这样设置层厚度,即,烘干之后完成的覆盖层每侧具有1.5μm的厚度。在NIR烘干线上在8秒钟之内连续进行烘干。
在加热到离开加热炉时的890℃的薄板坯温度之后,通过热压成型和接下来的淬火处理可以由经这样镀层的薄板坯成型为同样无裂纹的钢部件。
试验3
在时间和地点上直接连接在热浸镀层之后用于涂覆保护涂层的热镀锌涂层设备的出口,通过喷镀以涂层液对在通过热浸镀层的热镀锌过程和接下来的热处理过程中而设置10μm厚度的Zn-Fe保护涂层的、由钢材料22MnB5构成的钢带设置覆盖层。根据本发明,涂层液包含15重量%的以氮化硼形式存在的、半金属的氮化物和5重量%的作为无机粘合剂用于将覆盖层粘合在钢带的Zn-Fe保护涂层上的硅酸盐化合物(Na2O-SiO2、K2O-SiO2),其余为水。
在覆盖层仍然湿的情况下这样设置涂覆到保护层上的覆盖层的厚度,即,覆盖层的厚度在干燥的状态下每侧为0.1-5μm,平均在1μm。通过变化喷射压力和从涂层设备中出来的钢带的速度来调整覆盖层的厚度。
在180秒钟之内在120℃热的对流干燥器中烘干覆盖层,该对流干燥器与涂层设备设置在一条线上并且在连续的工序中紧接着涂层设备进行。抗腐蚀涂层和覆盖层的涂覆可以在不间断的、连续的进程中特别经济地进行。
由经这样镀层的钢带切割成薄板坯,然后将该薄板坯加热到在离开加热炉时的890℃的薄板坯温度并且通过热压成型和接下来的淬火成型成无裂纹的钢部件。
试验4
与制造保护涂层在时间和地点上分开地并且直接在为热压成型所需要的将钢板产品加热到890℃之前,通过喷镀涂层液对以电解方式涂覆10μm厚的抗腐蚀的Zn-Ni保护涂层的、由钢22MnB5构成的钢板坯设置覆盖层。在这种情况下,涂层液以根据本发明的方式包含25重量%的以硫化锌形式存在的、非贵重金属的硫化物、2%的作为粘合剂用于将覆盖层粘合在金属保护涂层上的硅氮烷以及其余为易挥发的矿物油。
然后这样设置经这样涂覆的、仍然湿的覆盖层的厚度,即,薄板坯的每侧厚度在1-6μm之间并且平均为3μm。对此,通过变化喷射压力和进入加热段的基体速度来调整覆盖层的厚度,在该加热段将薄板坯加热到对热压所需的热压成型温度,在离开加热段时该热压温度在880℃。对此,在加热段的最初区段烘干覆盖层,该区段可以单独地进行或者和其余的加热段一起进行。
然后,将经这样镀层的扁钢加热到离开加热炉时的860℃的薄板坯温度并且通过热压成型和接下来的淬火成型为无裂纹的钢部件。
试验5
在120℃的板坯温度下通过浸渍到涂层液中对以电解方式和接下来的热处理涂覆10μm厚的经热镀锌的Zn-Fe保护涂层的、由钢材料22MnB5构成的且1.5mm厚的钢板设置覆盖层。
对此,涂层液除了包含水以外,根据本发明还包含有25重量%的、以碳酸钙(CaCO3)形式存在的、碱土金属的碳酸盐和8重量%的作为粘合剂用于将覆盖层粘合到金属保护涂层上的纤维素酯,该粘合剂溶解在涂层液的水中。水蒸发后,有机的成膜剂提供了良好粘附力和在基于锌的保护涂层上固定碳酸钙颗粒并且有助于由钢板热压成型的部件的特别良好的可焊接性。
在这种情况下在湿的状态下这样设置涂覆到保护涂层上的覆盖层的厚度,即,该覆盖层干燥后每侧为0.1-5μm厚并且平均为2.5μm厚。通过喷吹过量的涂层液调整湿的覆盖层的层厚度。这里也可以像所有其他的这里所述的实施例一样,替代性地或者补充性地通过变化涂层液的固相组分或者池温度来调整覆盖层的厚度。设置层厚度之后,在连续式加热炉中在150℃下5秒钟之内烘干覆盖层。
然后,将这样具有保护涂层和位于该层上的根据本发明的覆盖层的钢板加热到离开加热炉时的880℃的薄板坯温度并且通过热压成型和接下来的淬火成型成无裂纹的钢部件。
试验6
通过热浸镀层以10μm厚的抗腐蚀Zn-Ni保护涂层涂覆由钢22MnB5构成的钢板坯。然后通过喷镀涂层液将覆盖层涂覆到具有保护涂层的、20℃热的钢板坯上,该涂层液以根据本发明的方式包含有15重量%的以单斜晶滑石形式存在的、非贵重金属的水合物。
此外,涂层液还具有10重量%的醋酸乙烯酯作为粘合剂用于将覆盖层粘合到金属保护涂层上,该醋酸乙烯酯作为弥散体聚合在水中。该有机粘合剂通过交联使硅酸镁水合物良好地固定在基于锌的涂层上。剩余涂层液由水构成。
通过轧开仍然为液态的涂层液调整覆盖层的厚度。紧接着轧开之后在140℃的烘干温度下在8秒钟之内完成烘干。在湿的状态下,这样调整涂覆在覆盖层上的厚度,即,覆盖层在干燥状态下每侧为0.1-5μm厚并且其平均厚度为2μm。
然后,将钢板坯加热到离开加热炉时的920℃的薄板坯温度并且通过热压成型和接下来的淬火成型成无裂纹的钢部件。
试验7
在时间和地点上紧接在制造Zn-Mg保护涂层之后,通过喷镀涂层液对以电解方式涂覆10μm厚的抗腐蚀的Zn-Mg保护涂层的、由钢22MnB5构成的钢板坯设置覆盖层。
该涂层液在这种情况下除了包含水以外,还包含有25重量%的以硫化锌形式存在的、非贵重金属的硫化物和7%的作为粘合剂用于将覆盖层粘合到金属保护涂层上的硅氮烷。然后在NIR干燥器中烘干经这样涂覆的湿层。对此,这样设置湿层,即,每侧得到3μm的干燥层。连续烘干3秒钟。
在加热到离开加热炉时的890℃的薄板坯温度之后,通过热压成型和接下来的淬火处理可以由经这样镀层的薄板坯同样无裂纹地进行制造。
Claims (20)
1.一种钢板产品,所述钢板产品用于通过热压成型变形成部件并且所述钢板产品具有由钢构成的底层,将抗腐蚀的金属保护层涂覆到所述底层上,所述金属保护层由Zn或者Zn合金构成,其特征在于,将单独的覆盖层涂覆到钢板产品的至少一个暴露的表面上,所述覆盖层包含非贵重金属的氧化物、氮化物、硫化物、碳化物、水化物或者磷酸盐化合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钢板产品,其特征在于,所述化合物的金属属于碱土金属类。
3.根据权利要求1所述的钢板产品,其特征在于,所述化合物的金属属于碱金属类。
4.根据权利要求1所述的钢板产品,其特征在于,所述化合物的金属属于半金属类。
5.根据前述权利要求的任意一项所述的钢板产品,其特征在于,所述金属属于过渡金属类。
6.根据前述权利要求的任意一项所述的钢板产品,其特征在于,所述化合物的金属属于“Na、K、Mg、Ca、B、Al、Si、Sn、Ti、Cr、Mn、Zn”这一类。
7.根据前述权利要求的任意一项所述的钢板产品,其特征在于,存在于覆盖层中的化合物是颗粒形状的。
8.根据权利要求7所述的钢板产品,其特征在于,所述化合物颗粒的平均直径为0.1-3μm。
9.根据前述权利要求的任意一项所述的钢板产品,其特征在于,所述覆盖层的20-98重量%由化合物构成。
10.根据前述权利要求的任意一项所述的钢板产品,其特征在于,所述覆盖层是0.1-5μm厚。
11.根据前述权利要求的任意一项所述的钢板产品,其特征在于,所述钢板产品由包含有0.3-3重量%的锰的钢材料制成。
12.一种制造根据前述权利要求所提供的钢板产品的方法,所述方法包括下面的操作步骤:
-提供具有由Zn或者Zn合金构成的金属保护层的钢板产品,
-将覆盖层涂在钢板产品上,通过下面步骤:
-将涂层液涂覆到钢板产品的金属保护层上,其中,涂层液(以重量%示出)的5-50%由非贵重金属的氧化物、氮化物、硫化物、碳化物、水化物或者磷酸盐化合物构成以及1-20%由粘合剂构成以及其余部分由溶剂构成,
-调整所述覆盖层厚度以及
-烘干所述覆盖层。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述涂层液包含有5-35重量%的化合物。
14.根据权利要求12或13的任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂是水。
15.根据权利要求12至14的任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,涂覆时所述涂层液的温度为20-90℃。
16.根据权利要求12至15的任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,涂覆所述涂层液时钢板产品的温度为5-150℃。
17.根据权利要求12至16的任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在100-300℃下烘干所述覆盖层。
18.根据权利要求12至17的任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在5-180秒内进行对所述覆盖层的烘干。
19.一种经热压成型的部件的制造方法,在所述方法中由根据权利要求1至11的任意一项所提供的钢板产品切割成薄板坯,在所述方法中将所述薄板坯完全加热到700℃以上的变形温度以及在所述温度下将所述薄板坯在变形模具中变形成部件。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,从变形温度对经变形的部件进行加速地冷却,以在所述部件中产生淬火组织。
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CN107406958B (zh) * | 2015-03-31 | 2019-08-13 | 日本制铁株式会社 | 锌系镀覆钢板 |
CN109112454A (zh) * | 2017-06-26 | 2019-01-01 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | 耐高温锌基镀层钢板及其制造方法、热成型方法和部件 |
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DE102011001140A9 (de) | 2012-11-22 |
ES2846762T3 (es) | 2021-07-29 |
CN103492606A (zh) | 2014-01-01 |
KR101720751B1 (ko) | 2017-04-10 |
MX370395B (es) | 2019-12-09 |
US20170191170A1 (en) | 2017-07-06 |
JP5957015B2 (ja) | 2016-07-27 |
US20170240991A1 (en) | 2017-08-24 |
EP2683848A1 (de) | 2014-01-15 |
KR101656840B1 (ko) | 2016-09-12 |
JP2014514436A (ja) | 2014-06-19 |
KR20160113730A (ko) | 2016-09-30 |
MX2013010249A (es) | 2013-11-18 |
MX2013010248A (es) | 2013-11-18 |
DE102011001140A1 (de) | 2012-09-13 |
EP2683843B1 (de) | 2021-06-16 |
KR20130133042A (ko) | 2013-12-05 |
KR20130132644A (ko) | 2013-12-04 |
US20140057130A1 (en) | 2014-02-27 |
WO2012119973A1 (de) | 2012-09-13 |
US20140048181A1 (en) | 2014-02-20 |
EP2683848B1 (de) | 2020-11-04 |
WO2012120081A2 (de) | 2012-09-13 |
CN103492606B (zh) | 2018-01-02 |
JP2014512457A (ja) | 2014-05-22 |
EP2683843A1 (de) | 2014-01-15 |
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