CN103464536A - Vibration stress relief formation method and device under elastic deformation condition - Google Patents
Vibration stress relief formation method and device under elastic deformation condition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a vibration stress relief formation method and a vibration stress relief formation device under an elastic deformation condition. Metal flat plates are enabled to be bent under the effect of a mold, the deformation is within an elastic range, the metal plates can be restored to the original shape after the mold is removed, bending prestress is loaded to the plates under the effect of the mold, a vibration stress relief device is connected, periodic exciting force is produced through a vibration exciter, the plates are enabled to reach a resonance state under the effect of the periodic exciting force, the internal bending prestress of the plates is relieved and homogenized through resonance, the metal plates are enabled to produce certain plastic deformation through the release process of the bending prestress and bent parts with bending radius which is equivalent to the curvature radius of the mold are obtained. The vibration stress relief formation method and the vibration stress relief formation device under the elastic deformation condition have the advantages that the defects that the mold manufacturing cost is high during formation of sheet metal parts and the resilience is difficult to control are overcome, the surface friction damages of the parts and the vibration energy losses during vibration stress relief are decreased, the surface quality of formed parts is improved, the production cycle is shortened and the production cost is decreased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the age forming processing technique field, specifically oscillating aging manufacturing process and the device under a kind of strain condition.
Background technology
In recent years, domestic use oscillation time-effect method and relevant device are more and more, simultaneously can environmental protection, energy-conservation, process the workpiece stress problem efficiently, surging given prominence to its a little with following development prospect, allow more industrial producer and enterprise use targetedly oscillating aging equipment, increase work efficiency and benefit.Along with being widely used of oscillating aging, also obtained no small development on technique.Oscillating aging refers to that the vibrator be clamped on workpiece produces periodically exciting force, under its effect, makes member reach resonance state, the internal stress of lax workpiece, the method for holding workpiece dimensionally stable.In fact vibratory stress reliefing is exactly with the dynamic stress in cycle and inner stress of work stack, makes component partial produce plastic deformation and discharges stress.
Chinese patent CN102551096A(sheet metal part oscillation time-effect method and vibration ageing device) sheet metal part of machine-shaping is fixed on the oscillating aging platform together with the mould tire, vibrator and oscillating aging platform rigidity are fixed, start by control system that vibrator makes the oscillating aging platform and the mould tire and the sheet metal part that are fixedly connected with it vibrate simultaneously, internal stress with elimination and homogenizing meal metal parts, but, the method has following shortcoming, at first, directly sheet metal component is bundled on the mould tire with bandage, because sheet metal component is different from mould tire intrinsic frequency, can cause different vibratory responses, cause the friction of contact surface, affect workpiece surface quality, in addition, the vibrational energy of vibrator passes to the mould tire rigidly fixed with it by the oscillating aging platform, finally pass to the sheet metal part be connected with the mould tire, this large-scale transmission can cause a large amount of losses of vibrational energy, be unfavorable for energy-conserving and environment-protective.Oscillating aging is to carry out under the elastic stage of material, yet research at present mainly concentrates on the residual stress of in type workpiece and processes, utilize resonance to eliminate and homogenizing hardware internal residual stress, play reinforcement resistance ability, stable dimensions precision.
British scholar Ward you and fertile gram only can effectively prevent the formation of weld crack and the distortion of workpiece when vibration, improve the fatigue life of member, on the basis of the mechanics effect technique of enhancing weld seam, before the research welding, first welded parts are vibrated, and limit vibration side weld connects, until be soldered as performance, can also save the postwelding stress-removal processes, shortened the production cycle, reduced production cost, after this research explanation oscillation time-effect method not only is applied to plastic deformation occurs, part is eliminated in the processing of residual stress residual stress, also can be applied in the front prestressed processing of plastic deformation.
Summary of the invention
High for overcoming the die manufacturing cost in the sheet metal component forming process existed in prior art, the unmanageable deficiency of resilience, the present invention proposes oscillating aging manufacturing process and device under a kind of strain condition.
The concrete steps of the oscillating aging manufacturing process under strain condition of the present invention are:
The first step, install the plate of workpiece to be formed.
Second step, determine the resonant frequency of workpiece.Vibrator carries out frequency sweep, and the frequency sweep frequency is that 0-400Hz, frequency sweep power are 400W, and the frequency sweep time is 6min.Record amplitude-frequency (A-f) curve of workpiece, obtain the frequency sweep curve.If the frequency sweep curve obtained has an amplitude peaks, form First formant, using the resonant frequency of frequency corresponding to this First formant as workpiece.If the frequency sweep curve obtained has a plurality of amplitude peaks, the minimum peak of a plurality of amplitude peaks medium frequencys of usining is as First formant, usings frequency corresponding to this First formant as the resonant frequency of workpiece, and frequency corresponding to follow-up amplitude peaks is as the higher order resonances frequency.
The 3rd step, vibration shaping.In vibration shaping, the operating frequency of adjusting vibrator is consistent with the resonant frequency of workpiece, and setting the oscillating aging time is 30min.The eccentric throw of adjusting vibration exciter, make stress in the bending forming of workpiece the most concentrated position the dynamic stress peak value between this position workpiece prestress value 1/3～2/3 between carry out oscillating aging.The power output of vibrator is 80% of this vibrator rated power.
The 4th step, after oscillating aging finishes, the bending radius of measuring workpieces, if the bending radius of workpiece meets design requirement, complete the bending forming to workpiece.If exceed error range, clamping workpiece again, repeating step 3 is mended and is shaken, until the radius of curvature of workpiece meets design requirement.
Described benefit center of percussion, if the frequency sweep curve obtained has an amplitude peaks, get frequency values and mend and shake as the vibrator operating frequency near the workpiece resonant frequency that the step 2 of usining obtains; If the frequency sweep curve obtained has a plurality of amplitude peaks, the higher order resonances frequency of the workpiece that the step 2 of usining obtains is mended and is shaken as the vibrator operating frequency.
Oscillating aging building mortion under strain condition of the present invention, comprise mold, bed die, vibrator, fixture, vibrator base, sensor and controller.Vibrator is positioned at an end of workpiece, the upper surface by the vibrator floor installation at workpiece.The upper surface of vibrator base coordinates with the base plate of vibrator; By fixture, vibrator, vibrator base and bed die are tightened up.The upper surface of bed die is the required cambered surface of Forming Workpiece.Patrix has a plurality of, is bar shaped.The lower surface of described mold is the required concave surface of Forming Workpiece.During use, workpiece is placed in to the upper surface of bed die; By mold, from the vibrator inboard at workpiece one end to uniform between the other end of workpiece, and the spacing between adjacent two mold side surfaces is 150～250mm.Sensor is placed in the upper surface of the workpiece other end; And be communicated with controller by data wire.Vibrator and sensor all are communicated with controller.
When laying workpiece, lay the second rubber blanket between workpiece and bed die upper surface, also lay the first rubber blanket between workpiece and mold.
The end face that vibrator one end is installed at described bed die has the rectangular channel that clamps fixture.
The present invention realizes that by designing a kind of easy building mortion the oscillating aging under the strain condition is shaped, concrete manufacturing process is: the effect by mould makes the metal plate material produce flexural deformation, and deflection is in elastic range, the rear metal blank that takes apart a die can recover former state, effect by mould has loaded a crooked prestressing force to plate like this, connect vibration ageing device, produce periodically exciting force by vibrator, under its effect, make plate reach resonance state, utilize resonance to eliminate and the crooked prestressing force of homogenizing slab interior, by the prestressed dispose procedure of this bending, make metal blank produce certain plastic deformation, obtain the crooked part suitable with the mould radius of curvature.
Experimental rig in the present invention, mainly by controller, vibrator, sensor, rubber blanket, fixture, cable, power line and mould etc., formed, when the device assembling, first rubber blanket, metal blank, mold are arranged on bed die, then with fixture, vibrator is arranged on die, then by cable and power line by vibrator and oscillation pickup and power connection.
The present invention uses for reference conventional at the oscillating aging Forming Theory that residual stress occurs to eliminate under Plastic Deformation Conditions, take full advantage of oscillating aging equipment simple, be easy to move, be not subject to the restriction of member size and material, energy-efficient, pollution-free, equipment investment is few, the characteristics such as simple to operate, curring time is shortened in 40min by the 20h of heat aging.Adopt rubber blanket that upper and lower mould and plate to be formed are separated simultaneously, can prevent the frictionally damage of panel surface, the Forming Workpiece surface quality is good, avoids the vibrational energy of vibrator to pass to upper and lower mould, cause a large amount of losses of vibrational energy, be conducive to energy-conserving and environment-protective.In addition, effect by mould makes plate produce pre-bending deformation, then vibration is eliminated and the crooked prestressing force of homogenizing slab interior, the loaded down with trivial details control procedure of the defects such as resilience of following in the conventional shaping of part and the processing of the conventional rear residual stress that is shaped have been saved, shorten the production cycle, reduced production cost.
It is high that the present invention has overcome in the sheet metal component forming process die manufacturing cost, and the unmanageable deficiency of resilience, and piece surface frictionally damage and vibrational energy loss while reducing oscillating aging, improve the Forming Workpiece surface quality.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described further.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the top view of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the cutaway view of upper and lower mould and rubber blanket and plate syndeton in apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the side view of removing in apparatus of the present invention after mold and the first rubber blanket.
Fig. 5 is lower die structure schematic diagram in apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is upper die structure schematic diagram in apparatus of the present invention.Wherein:
1. the first rubber blanket, 2. mold, 3. workpiece, 4. bed die, 5. vibrator, 6. fixture, 7. vibrator base, 8. sensor, 9. controller, 10. the second rubber blanket.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment mono-
The present embodiment is a kind of method that oscillating aging under the strain condition is shaped, and concrete steps are:
The first step, install the plate of workpiece to be formed.The plate and the rubber blanket that fill workpiece to be formed are arranged between mold and bed die, and the upper surface of the first rubber blanket and the lower surface of mold are fitted, the lower surface of the second rubber blanket and the laminating of the upper surface of bed die, make lower surface laminating, the plate lower surface of workpiece to be formed and the laminating of the upper surface of the second rubber blanket of plate upper surface and first rubber blanket of workpiece to be formed simultaneously.With " C " clevis of routine, vibrator is fixed on plate.By cable and power line by vibrator and sensor and power connection.Wherein vibrator is selected the ZS1000K1 type, and the specified exciting force of this vibrator is 10KN, and rated power is 0.6KW, and rated speed is 10000r/min.
Second step, determine the resonant frequency of workpiece.At first vibrator carries out frequency sweep, and the frequency sweep frequency is that 0-400Hz, frequency sweep power are 400W, and the frequency sweep time is 6min.In frequency sweep, the vibrator frequency is linear the increase gradually.Along with the increase gradually of frequency sweep frequency, workpiece amplitude changes.Record amplitude-frequency (A-f) curve of workpiece, obtain the frequency sweep curve.If the frequency sweep curve obtained has an amplitude peaks, form First formant, using the resonant frequency of frequency corresponding to this First formant as workpiece.If the frequency sweep curve obtained has a plurality of amplitude peaks, the minimum peak of a plurality of amplitude peaks medium frequencys of usining is as First formant, usings frequency corresponding to this First formant as the resonant frequency of workpiece, and frequency corresponding to follow-up amplitude peaks is as the higher order resonances frequency.
The 3rd step, vibration shaping.In vibration shaping, the operating frequency of adjusting vibrator is consistent with the resonant frequency of workpiece, and setting the oscillating aging time is 30min.The eccentric throw of adjusting vibration exciter, make stress in the bending forming of workpiece the most concentrated position the dynamic stress peak value between this position workpiece prestress value 1/3～2/3 between carry out oscillating aging.The power output of vibrator is 80% of this vibrator rated power, and in the present embodiment, the power output of vibrator is 400W.
The 4th step, measure forming effect.After oscillating aging finishes, powered-down, the dismounting mould, take off workpiece, measures bending radius, with desired value, contrasted.If the bending radius of workpiece meets design requirement, complete the bending forming to workpiece.If exceed error range, clamping workpiece again, repeating step 3 is mended and is shaken, until the radius of curvature of workpiece meets design requirement.Mend center of percussion, if the frequency sweep curve obtained has an amplitude peaks, getting frequency values near the workpiece resonant frequency that the step 2 of usining obtains mends and shakes as the vibrator operating frequency, if the frequency sweep curve obtained has a plurality of amplitude peaks, the higher order resonances frequency of the workpiece that the step 2 of usining obtains is mended and is shaken as the vibrator operating frequency, until the bending radius of workpiece meets design requirement.
Embodiment bis-
The present embodiment is a kind of building mortion for the single-curvature workpiece of realizing the described oscillating aging manufacturing process under the strain condition of embodiment 1.The length of formed thereby workpiece is 1000mm, and width is 400mm, and bending radius is 1500mm.The formed thereby workpiece is aluminium alloy plate.
The building mortion of described single-curvature Al alloy parts comprises the first rubber blanket 1, mold 2, bed die 4, vibrator 5, fixture 6, vibrator base 7, sensor 8, controller 9 and second rubber blanket 10 of building mortion.
The upper surface of bed die 4 is the required cambered surface of Forming Workpiece.The end face of vibrator 5 one ends being installed at described bed die 4 has the rectangular channel that clamps fixture 6.Mold 2 has three, is bar shaped.The lower surface of described mold 2 is the required concave surface of Forming Workpiece.During use, workpiece is placed in to the upper surface of bed die 4; By mold 2 from vibrator 5 inboards at workpiece one end to uniform between the other end of workpiece and tighten up.Spacing between adjacent two mold side surfaces is 150～250mm, and in the present embodiment, the spacing between adjacent two mold side surfaces is 180mm.
When laying workpiece 3, lay the second rubber blanket 10 between workpiece 3 and bed die 4 upper surfaces, also lay the first rubber blanket 1 between workpiece 3 and mold 2.
The carrier that described bed die 4 is the present embodiment, bed die 4 is male type, its size is determined according to the rigging position of required Forming Workpiece appearance and size and all parts and the requirement of device rigidity, material is 45 steel, works to lay miscellaneous part and coordinates to make plate generation elastic bending deflection with mold.At bed die 4 sectional fixture 6 places, have the rectangular channel of 300mm * 40mm * 60mm to guarantee the smooth installation and removal of fixture 6.The installing hole that mold 2 is arranged at 4 liang of side plane places of bed die.
Described vibrator 5 is selected the ZS1000K1 type, its parameter is as follows, and specified exciting force is 10KN, and rated power is 0.6KW, rated speed is 10000r/min, specified defeated people's electric current 1.5A, static(al) constant 0.5kg/A, the moving-coil D.C. resistance is 6 Ω approximately, maximum displacement 2mm, coil moving part quality 40g ± 10%, overall dimensions Φ 75 * 150mm, the about 3.5kg of weight.
Described mold 2 is inner concave shape, bottom has the circular arc inner groovy, interior concaved circular cambered surface curvature is consistent with the outer convex arc surface curvature of Al alloy parts, the size of mold 2 is determined by the requirement of bed die appearance and size and device rigidity, material is 45 steel, coordinate to make the effect of plate generation elastic bending deflection with counterdie, two ends have circular hole and are used for construction bolt and coordinate with bed die 4.
Described vibrator base 7 is inner concave shape, its size is determined by the appearance and size of required Forming Workpiece and vibrator and the requirement of building mortion rigidity, material is 45 steel, work to lay the effect of vibrator, the interior concaved circular cambered surface curvature of vibrator base 7 is consistent with the outer convex arc surface curvature of Al alloy parts, guarantee that both fully contact, be connected by the mode of welding with the bottom of vibrator 5 in order to be effective in use procedure.
Described the first rubber blanket 1 and the second rubber blanket 10 are rectangular block shape, because vibrator 5 is arranged on the upper surface of described alloy plate material 3, the outer convex arc surface laminating of the interior concaved circular cambered surface of vibrator base 7 and Al alloy parts, need to reserve installing space, the size of the first rubber blanket 1 is less than the size of the second rubber blanket 10, can prevent that Al alloy parts is directly with upper, the friction of the contact surface that the bed die contact causes, affect workpiece surface quality, in addition, avoid the vibrational energy of vibrator to pass to, bed die, cause a large amount of losses of vibrational energy, be conducive to energy-conserving and environment-protective.
Described fixture 6 is " C " type, vibrator 5 is fastened to the upper surface of alloy plate material 3, the lower end of fixture 6 be positioned at bed die 4 end faces rectangular channel, upper end is positioned at the upper base surface top of vibrator 5, on fixture 6, the upper base surface of terminal bolt bottom end face and vibrator 5 is fitted.
Claims (5)
1. the oscillating aging manufacturing process under a strain condition, is characterized in that, concrete steps are:
The first step, install the plate of workpiece to be formed;
Second step, determine the resonant frequency of workpiece; Vibrator carries out frequency sweep, and the frequency sweep frequency is that 0-400Hz, frequency sweep power are 400W, and the frequency sweep time is 6min; Record amplitude-frequency (A-f) curve of workpiece, obtain the frequency sweep curve; If the frequency sweep curve obtained has an amplitude peaks, form First formant, using the resonant frequency of frequency corresponding to this First formant as workpiece; If the frequency sweep curve obtained has a plurality of amplitude peaks, the minimum peak of a plurality of amplitude peaks medium frequencys of usining is as First formant, usings frequency corresponding to this First formant as the resonant frequency of workpiece, and frequency corresponding to follow-up amplitude peaks is as the higher order resonances frequency;
The 3rd step, vibration shaping; In vibration shaping, the operating frequency of adjusting vibrator is consistent with the resonant frequency of workpiece, and setting the oscillating aging time is 30min; The eccentric throw of adjusting vibration exciter, make stress in the bending forming of workpiece the most concentrated position the dynamic stress peak value between this position workpiece prestress value 1/3～2/3 between carry out oscillating aging; The power output of vibrator is 80% of this vibrator rated power; The 4th step, after oscillating aging finishes, the bending radius of measuring workpieces, if the bending radius of workpiece meets design requirement, complete the bending forming to workpiece; If exceed error range, clamping workpiece again, repeating step 3 is mended and is shaken, until the radius of curvature of workpiece meets design requirement.
2. the oscillating aging manufacturing process under the strain condition as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, mend center of percussion, if the frequency sweep curve obtained has an amplitude peaks, get frequency values near the workpiece resonant frequency that the step 2 of usining obtains and mend and shake as the vibrator operating frequency; If the frequency sweep curve obtained has a plurality of amplitude peaks, the higher order resonances frequency of the workpiece that the step 2 of usining obtains is mended and is shaken as the vibrator operating frequency.
3. one kind for realizing the device of the oscillating aging manufacturing process under the described strain condition of claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprises mold, bed die, vibrator, fixture, vibrator base, sensor and controller; Vibrator is positioned at an end of workpiece, the upper surface by the vibrator floor installation at workpiece; The upper surface of vibrator base coordinates with the base plate of vibrator; By fixture, vibrator, vibrator base and bed die are tightened up; The upper surface of bed die is the required cambered surface of Forming Workpiece; Patrix has a plurality of, is bar shaped; The lower surface of described mold is the required concave surface of Forming Workpiece; During use, workpiece is placed in to the upper surface of bed die; By mold, from the vibrator inboard at workpiece one end to uniform between the other end of workpiece, and the spacing between adjacent two mold side surfaces is 150～250mm; Sensor is placed in the upper surface of the workpiece other end; And be communicated with controller by data wire; Vibrator and sensor all are communicated with controller.
4. the oscillating aging building mortion under a kind of strain condition as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, when laying workpiece, between workpiece and bed die upper surface, lays the second rubber blanket, also lays the first rubber blanket between workpiece and mold.
5. the oscillating aging building mortion under a kind of strain condition as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, the end face that vibrator one end is installed at described bed die has the rectangular channel that clamps fixture.
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| CN104120230A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-10-29 | 中航飞机股份有限公司西安飞机分公司 | Airplane wallboard part vibration aging straightening method and vibration aging straightening device |
| CN104408300A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-03-11 | 西北工业大学 | Microscopic phase-field modeling and analysis method based on age forming/diffusion combination process |
| CN105057190A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-11-18 | 南京理工大学 | Inertial excitation device capable of eliminating resonance |
| CN107151733A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-09-12 | 中车洛阳机车有限公司 | The vibrator fastener and process of eliminating stress of secular vibration equipment |
| CN107350310A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-11-17 | 西安飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of carrier floor straightening method |
| CN107937843A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-04-20 | 重庆市铜梁区华亿来铝材加工厂 | A kind of aluminium alloy residual stress cancellation element |
| CN110026478A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-19 | 重庆三峡学院 | The method and apparatus of the compound timeliness progressive molding of Vibration Creep based on air pressure-loading |
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| CN111534767A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-08-14 | 中南大学 | Room-temperature cyclic loading high-efficiency shape integrated manufacturing method for aluminum alloy component |
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| CN112605250A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-04-06 | 南昌航空大学 | Ultrasonic vibration assisted aluminum alloy aging forming device |
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| CN104408300A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-03-11 | 西北工业大学 | Microscopic phase-field modeling and analysis method based on age forming/diffusion combination process |
| CN105057190A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-11-18 | 南京理工大学 | Inertial excitation device capable of eliminating resonance |
| CN105057190B (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2017-08-04 | 南京理工大学 | Can Damping resounding inertial excitation device |
| CN107350310A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-11-17 | 西安飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of carrier floor straightening method |
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| CN107937843A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-04-20 | 重庆市铜梁区华亿来铝材加工厂 | A kind of aluminium alloy residual stress cancellation element |
| CN110026478A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-19 | 重庆三峡学院 | The method and apparatus of the compound timeliness progressive molding of Vibration Creep based on air pressure-loading |
| CN110026478B (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2024-05-03 | 中国民用航空飞行学院 | Method and device for vibration creep composite aging incremental forming based on pneumatic loading |
| CN111460700A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-07-28 | 扬州大学 | Structural vibration aging frequency obtaining method based on transfer dissipation correction |
| CN111460700B (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2023-05-23 | 扬州大学 | Structure vibration aging frequency acquisition method based on transmission dissipation correction |
| CN111534767A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-08-14 | 中南大学 | Room-temperature cyclic loading high-efficiency shape integrated manufacturing method for aluminum alloy component |
| CN111534767B (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2021-04-06 | 中南大学 | Room-temperature cyclic loading high-efficiency shape integrated manufacturing method for aluminum alloy component |
| CN111914350A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-11-10 | 西安飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Method for judging bending formability of airplane frame rib sheet metal part |
| CN112605250A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-04-06 | 南昌航空大学 | Ultrasonic vibration assisted aluminum alloy aging forming device |
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