CN103461149B - A kind of padding for biological fermentation bed and application thereof - Google Patents

A kind of padding for biological fermentation bed and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103461149B
CN103461149B CN201310365432.8A CN201310365432A CN103461149B CN 103461149 B CN103461149 B CN 103461149B CN 201310365432 A CN201310365432 A CN 201310365432A CN 103461149 B CN103461149 B CN 103461149B
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padding
bedding
bacterium chaff
fermentation bed
biological fermentation
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CN103461149A (en
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张振文
赵旭纯
林启才
邓彦
王本成
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SHAANXI ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
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SHAANXI ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of padding for biological fermentation bed and application thereof, described bedding and padding are dry bacterium chaff, the present invention makes the aquaculture model that bedding and padding packing ring carrys out cultured dairy after directly using mushroom factory discarded object bacterium chaff drying and crushing without the need to microbial inoculum, bedding and padding aspect, bacterium chaff wide material sources, with low cost, and do not need to add microbial bacterial agent, convenient management, without the need to high-tech human users, therefore can promote in extensive use.

Description

A kind of padding for biological fermentation bed and application thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to environment-protecting cultivation technical field, be specifically related to a kind of padding for biological fermentation bed and application thereof.
Background technology
There is the fecaluria that milk cow or beef cattle discharge and accumulate in cowshed in the cowboying of traditional circle cowboying house, causes ox to worsen at the growing environment of cowshed on the one hand, on the other hand cow dung urinate unprocessed and flow automatically, evaporate and under ooze, serious environment pollution air and underground water source.
In recent years, propose ecological fermentation bed cultural technique, this technology is current a kind of up-to-date environment-friendly type aquaculture model in the world, specifically refer to comprehensive utilization microbiology, ecology, fermentation engineering principle, a kind of Eco-breeding pattern using active function microbial bacteria as matter energy " conversion maincenter ".The core of this technology is to utilize active powerful beneficial functions microbial composite bacteria group long-term and sustainedly and stably animal fecaluria discarded object is converted into utility and energy, realizes the object of degradable for the fecaluria of the animals such as pig pollution-free, zero-emission simultaneously.
The principle of this technology is: by participating in bedding and padding (conventional bedding and padding are rice bran, corn flour, wheat bran or sawmilling etc.) and the effect of excrement of animals cooperative fermentation, the raw breeding waste such as excrement, urine of rapid conversion, eliminate stench, suppress insect, germ, simultaneously, bedding and padding, ight soil synthesis for the nutriment such as carbohydrate, protein, organic acid, vitamin of livestock edible, can be strengthened livestock resistance against diseases by beneficial microbe colony, promote animal health growth.
Bacterium chaff refers to and utilizes the raw material such as stalk, wood chip to carry out edible mushroom substituting stuff cultivation, and the medium residue after results edible mushroom, is commonly called as edible fungus culturing waste material, bacterium slag or clout; The residual body of hypha of edible fungus and through edible mushroom enzymolysis, the compound of the compositions such as the raw fiber of structure generation qualitative change.
China produces bacterium chaff total amount about 9,000,000 tons at present, and its main matrix is the various agricultural stalks such as wood sawdust, straw, corncob, bagasse, cotton seed hulls and vinasse, vinegar grain etc.Wide material sources, with low cost.In recent years, also have report bacterium chaff and other compositions being made fertilizer, feed, remaining is then for burning or piling up as discarded object.
And bacterium chaff is on the application of biological fermentation bed cultural technique also mainly concentrates on and raises pigs and raise chickens, and this type of fermentation bed cultivation to need by microbial fermentation inoculum as the patent No.: 201010503752.1 (publication numbers for) provide a kind of pollution-free, zero-emission, the biological fermentation bed cultural technique of meat duck saved labor, namely biological pad cultivation is used, the profitable strain of bedding and padding has built surging benign environment, bedding and padding adsorb the organic matter in excreta, neutralization, degraded and conversion, no longer include the discharge of obvious foul smell, without the need to punching circle after delivering for sale, achieve zero-emission, do not produce and wash away sewage, its cost is higher.
Therefore, a kind of padding for biological fermentation bed not needing fermenting agent is needed.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of padding for biological fermentation bed, solve in prior art exist need microbial fermentation inoculum and the problem such as cost is higher.
A kind of padding for biological fermentation bed provided by the invention, described bedding and padding are dry bacterium chaff.
In described padding for biological fermentation bed:
Described bacterium chaff utilizes the raw material such as stalk, wood chip to carry out edible mushroom substituting stuff cultivation, the medium residue after results edible mushroom.
The particle size range of described dry bacterium chaff is 0.5-2cm, and thickness is 20-50cm.
Preferably, the particle size range of described dry bacterium chaff is 1-2cm, thickness 30-45cm.
Present invention also offers the application of above-mentioned padding for biological fermentation bed in ox cultivation.
Described application comprises the following steps:
1) cowshed site selection: except meeting animal epidemic prevention requirement, physical features is smooth, ventilating faces south, traffic convenience, and have sufficient drinking-water and supply of electric power, booth spacing is not less than 6 meters;
2) bedding and padding make: select aseptic, without worm, pure white Waste compost drying and crushing, use bacterium rod take off bag disintegrating machine be crushed to 0.5-2cm;
3) bacterium chaff consumption: area 100m 3, bedding and padding thickness 20-50cm standard ring, the total consumption of bacterium chaff is about 10-15m 3;
4) bedding and padding operation and maintenance: strengthen gravity-flow ventilation, within every 3-5 days, carry out rake to the cow dung on bedding and padding top layer and turn over and bury, stocking density is 1 ox 2-7 square metre.
Stocking density, adjusts according to season, temperature, milk cow body weight, and rational stocking density is one of fermentation bed cowboying success factor.According to the body weight of ox, spring and autumn stocking density is ox 2 square metres of 1 oxen of general about 100 kilograms, and adult calves focuses on about 400 kilograms about 4 square metres of 1 oxen, and body weight 600 kilograms is grown up large ox about 6 square metres of 1 oxen.And summer temperature is higher, stocking density will suitably reduce, for ox 2.5 square metres of 1 oxen of general about 100 kilograms, adult calves focuses on about 400 kilograms about 5 square metres of 1 oxen, body weight 600 kilograms is grown up large ox about 7.5 square metres of 1 oxen, winter temperature is lower, cultivation density can be strengthened and be beneficial to fermentation bed fermentation, be generally ox 1.5 square metres of 1 oxen of about 100 kilograms, adult calves focuses on about 400 kilograms about 3 square metres of 1 oxen, and body weight 600 kilograms is grown up large ox about 4 square metres of 1 oxen.
When bedding and padding humidity is excessive, can supplement and spreading siccative, the detection of humidity adopts humiture instrument, after humidity is greater than 90%, supplement and spreading siccative, maintains the humidity of bedding and padding about 60%.
The life cycle of padding for biological fermentation bed is 15-20 days;
Fermenting bed padding life cycle (first fermentation cycle) 15-20 days, now fermenting bed padding temperature is about 55-60 DEG C, humidity reaches more than 80%, forklift is used to clear out of colony house in padding bed bedding and padding, and carry out conventional heap fermentation (secondary fermentation) at fermentation plant, the secondary fermentation time is 45-60 days, to fermentation ends, bedding and padding temperature is normal temperature, and humidity is about 60%.
Bedding and padding after fermentation are exposed to the sun after dry mixing under the sun, again can do fermentation bedding and padding for biological fermentation bed bed body.
Biological fermentation bed and the application of a kind of padding for biological fermentation bed provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention makes the aquaculture model that bedding and padding packing ring carrys out cultured dairy after directly using mushroom factory discarded object bacterium chaff drying and crushing without the need to microbial inoculum, bedding and padding aspect, bacterium chaff wide material sources, with low cost, and do not need to add microbial bacterial agent, convenient management, without the need to high-tech human users, therefore can promote in extensive use.
2, the consumption thickness of bacterium chaff provided by the invention is less than or equal to 20cm, too thinly causes azymic, too thick, and inner intensification Tai Gaotai may be caused fast.Bacterium chaff after as far as possible drying with drying is sprinkled into cowshed bed body
Fermentation bed cultivation technology significantly reduces the environmental pollution cultivating and bring, owing to containing quite active edaphon in organic bedding and padding, can to degrade quickly and effectively, digest the excreta of livestock and poultry, no longer need to adopt cleaning discharge to Animal fecal pollution, also can not be formed and a large amount of rush circle sewage, thus discharge plant without any discarded object, really reach the object of cultivation zero-emission.In cowshed can not stinking smell assaulting one's nostrils and fly grow.
3, bacterium chaff itself is containing profitable probliotics, and it is the offcuts after Edible Fungi fruiting, nutritious, is rich in mycoprotein and probio.Particularly EM probio and bacillus subtilis are all good biological fermentation bed microbial inoculums, can directly replace active function microbial bacterial agent and directly use in breeding process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: bacterium chaff is the flow process figure of the padding for biological fermentation bed of bedding and padding.
Embodiment
Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) cowshed site selection: addressing, design and construction will meet animal epidemic prevention requirement, physical features is smooth, ventilating faces south, traffic convenience, has sufficient drinking-water and supply of electric power; Disinfection apparatus established by feed lot, and booth spacing is not less than 6 meters, and be beneficial to and ventilate and epidemic prevention, booth stays ventilating opening, and does windproof reinforcing; Must not soak in booth bedding and padding district; Littlely establish single-row or biserial drinking-water rack according to canopy is roomy, both sides sports ground is bedding and padding district, and drinking-water rack will exceed bedding and padding district, and bedding and padding district does not need sclerosis;
(2) bedding and padding make: use bacterium chaff bedding and padding as far as possible, and this is easy to obtain, and without the need to microbial bacterial agent.Bacterium chaff drying and crushing should be noted, but should not be too thin.Select without mould, smash without worm, pure white Waste compost, bedding and padding base thickness 20cm, progressively adds later with the need;
(3) bacterium chaff consumption: area 100m 3, bedding and padding thickness 20cm standard ring, the total consumption of bacterium chaff is about 10-15m 3.Too thinly cause azymic, too thick, inner intensification Tai Gaotai may be caused fast.Bacterium chaff after as far as possible drying with drying is sprinkled into cowshed bed body;
(4) the bedding and padding time: terminating rear bedding and padding of automatically reusing according to fermentation period is principle, each fermentation period all adds bedding and padding at the fermentation initial stage.
(5) bedding and padding operation and maintenance: bedding and padding are realized excremental degraded and conversion by fermentation, add forced ventilation, carries out rake to the cow dung on bedding and padding top layer in every 3-5 days and turns over and bury.Stocking density is unsuitable excessive.Stocking density will adjust according to season, temperature, milk cow body weight; When bedding and padding humidity is excessive, can supplement and spreading siccative;
(6) bedding and padding upgrade: a fermentation period, at 15-20 days, can be reused after bedding and padding heap fermentation after fermentation completely, and supplements and adding portion virgin material.In the service life of bedding and padding, different because of working strength, bedding and padding reuse more than 5 batches, and after being about 3-6 month, bedding and padding are a bit darkish in color, and quality becomes real, and degradation is deteriorated, and should eliminate and upgrade.Discarded bedding and padding are insect-free, do not burn seedling, fertilizer efficiency is long, is high-quality fertilizer.
Operating process is shown in Fig. 1.
Embodiment 2
(1) cowshed site selection: addressing, design and construction will meet animal epidemic prevention requirement, physical features is smooth, ventilating faces south, traffic convenience, has sufficient drinking-water and supply of electric power; Disinfection apparatus established by feed lot, and booth spacing is not less than 6 meters, and be beneficial to and ventilate and epidemic prevention, booth stays ventilating opening, and does windproof reinforcing; Must not soak in booth bedding and padding district; Littlely establish single-row or biserial drinking-water rack according to canopy is roomy, both sides sports ground is bedding and padding district, and drinking-water rack will exceed bedding and padding district, and bedding and padding district does not need sclerosis;
(2) bedding and padding make: use bacterium chaff bedding and padding as far as possible, and this is easy to obtain, and without the need to microbial bacterial agent.Bacterium chaff drying and crushing should be noted, but should not be too thin.Select without mould, smash without worm, pure white Waste compost, bedding and padding base thickness 20cm, progressively adds later with the need;
(3) bacterium chaff consumption: area 100m 3, bedding and padding thickness 50cm standard ring, the total consumption of bacterium chaff is about 10-15m 3.Too thinly cause azymic, too thick, inner intensification Tai Gaotai may be caused fast.Bacterium chaff after as far as possible drying with drying is sprinkled into cowshed bed body;
(4) the bedding and padding time: terminating rear bedding and padding of automatically reusing according to fermentation period is principle, each fermentation period all adds bedding and padding at the fermentation initial stage.
(5) bedding and padding operation and maintenance: bedding and padding are realized excremental degraded and conversion by fermentation, add forced ventilation, carries out rake to the cow dung on bedding and padding top layer in every 3-5 days and turns over and bury.Stocking density is unsuitable excessive.Stocking density will adjust according to season, temperature, milk cow body weight; When bedding and padding humidity is excessive, can supplement and spreading siccative;
(6) bedding and padding upgrade: a fermentation period, at 20 days, can be reused after bedding and padding heap fermentation after fermentation completely, and supplements and adding portion virgin material.In the service life of bedding and padding, different because of working strength, bedding and padding reuse more than 5 batches, and after being about 3-6 month, bedding and padding are a bit darkish in color, and quality becomes real, and degradation is deteriorated, and should eliminate and upgrade.Discarded bedding and padding are insect-free, do not burn seedling, fertilizer efficiency is long, is high-quality fertilizer.
Embodiment 3
(1) cowshed site selection: addressing, design and construction will meet animal epidemic prevention requirement, physical features is smooth, ventilating faces south, traffic convenience, has sufficient drinking-water and supply of electric power; Disinfection apparatus established by feed lot, and booth spacing is not less than 6 meters, and be beneficial to and ventilate and epidemic prevention, booth stays ventilating opening, and does windproof reinforcing; Must not soak in booth bedding and padding district; Littlely establish single-row or biserial drinking-water rack according to canopy is roomy, both sides sports ground is bedding and padding district, and drinking-water rack will exceed bedding and padding district, and bedding and padding district does not need sclerosis;
(2) bedding and padding make: use bacterium chaff bedding and padding as far as possible, and this is easy to obtain, and without the need to microbial bacterial agent.Bacterium chaff drying and crushing should be noted, but should not be too thin.Select without mould, smash without worm, pure white Waste compost, bedding and padding base thickness 20cm, progressively adds later with the need;
(3) bacterium chaff consumption: area 100m 3, bedding and padding thickness 30cm standard ring, the total consumption of bacterium chaff is about 10-15m 3.Too thinly cause azymic, too thick, inner intensification Tai Gaotai may be caused fast.Bacterium chaff after as far as possible drying with drying is sprinkled into cowshed bed body;
(4) the bedding and padding time: terminating rear bedding and padding of automatically reusing according to fermentation period is principle, each fermentation period all adds bedding and padding at the fermentation initial stage.
(5) bedding and padding operation and maintenance: bedding and padding are realized excremental degraded and conversion by fermentation, add forced ventilation, every 3 days cow dungs to bedding and padding top layer are carried out rake and are turned over and bury.Stocking density is unsuitable excessive.Stocking density will adjust according to season, temperature, milk cow body weight; When bedding and padding humidity is excessive, can supplement and spreading siccative;
(6) bedding and padding upgrade: a fermentation period, at 15 days, can be reused after bedding and padding heap fermentation after fermentation completely, and supplements and adding portion virgin material.In the service life of bedding and padding, different because of working strength, bedding and padding reuse more than 5 batches, and after being about 3-6 month, bedding and padding are a bit darkish in color, and quality becomes real, and degradation is deteriorated, and should eliminate and upgrade.Discarded bedding and padding are insect-free, do not burn seedling, fertilizer efficiency is long, is high-quality fertilizer.
Experimental example:
Adopt the cowboying method of embodiment 1 to obtain good application in Yang Ling New World agrotechnique development corporation, Ltd., milk cow is exsiccosis not only, and milk quality increases.Particularly zero-emission is reached for pollutant cow dung urine, effectively improve the problem of environmental pollution of cattle farm and periphery.
Effect with adopt the biological fermentation bed identical of active function microbial bacteria in prior art.
Although above with general explanation, embodiment and test, the present invention is described in detail, and on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a padding for biological fermentation bed, described bedding and padding are dry bacterium chaff, described bacterium chaff be comprise stalk, wood raw material carries out edible mushroom substituting stuff cultivation, medium residue after receiving, the particle size range of described dry bacterium chaff is 0.5-2cm, and thickness is 20-50cm, and its using method comprises the following steps:
1) cowshed site selection: except meeting animal epidemic prevention requirement, physical features is smooth, ventilating faces south, traffic convenience, and have sufficient drinking-water and supply of electric power, booth spacing is not less than 6 meters;
2) bedding and padding make: select aseptic, without worm, pure white Waste compost drying and crushing, use bacterium rod take off bag disintegrating machine be crushed to 0.5-2cm;
3) bacterium chaff consumption: area 100m 3, bedding and padding thickness 20-50cm standard ring, the total consumption 10-15m of bacterium chaff 3;
4) bedding and padding operation and maintenance: strengthen gravity-flow ventilation, within every 3-5 days, carry out rake to the cow dung on bedding and padding top layer and turn over and bury, stocking density is 1 ox 2-7 square metre.
2. bedding and padding according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the particle size range of described dry bacterium chaff is 1-2cm, thickness 30-45cm.
3. the application of the padding for biological fermentation bed described in claim 1 or 2 in ox cultivation.
4. application according to claim 3, comprises the following steps:
1) cowshed site selection: except meeting animal epidemic prevention requirement, physical features is smooth, ventilating faces south, traffic convenience, and have sufficient drinking-water and supply of electric power, booth spacing is not less than 6 meters;
2) bedding and padding make: select aseptic, without worm, pure white Waste compost drying and crushing, use bacterium rod take off bag disintegrating machine be crushed to 0.5-2cm;
3) bacterium chaff consumption: area 100m 3, bedding and padding thickness 20-50cm standard ring, the total consumption 10-15m of bacterium chaff 3;
4) bedding and padding operation and maintenance: strengthen gravity-flow ventilation, within every 3-5 days, carry out rake to the cow dung on bedding and padding top layer and turn over and bury, stocking density is 1 ox 2-7 square metre.
5. application according to claim 4, is characterized in that, stocking density, adjusts according to season, temperature, milk cow body weight, and rational stocking density is one of fermentation bed cowboying success factor.
6. application according to claim 4, comprises the following steps: when bedding and padding humidity is excessive, supplements and spreading siccative, and the detection of humidity adopts humiture instrument, after humidity is greater than 90%, supplement and spreading siccative, maintains the humidity of bedding and padding about 60%.
7. application according to claim 4, comprises the following steps: the life cycle of padding for biological fermentation bed is 15-20 days.
CN201310365432.8A 2013-08-20 2013-08-20 A kind of padding for biological fermentation bed and application thereof Expired - Fee Related CN103461149B (en)

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