CN111727845A - Method for preparing vegetable seedling raising matrix and bio-organic fertilizer by using dairy cow padding - Google Patents
Method for preparing vegetable seedling raising matrix and bio-organic fertilizer by using dairy cow padding Download PDFInfo
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- CN111727845A CN111727845A CN201911015159.XA CN201911015159A CN111727845A CN 111727845 A CN111727845 A CN 111727845A CN 201911015159 A CN201911015159 A CN 201911015159A CN 111727845 A CN111727845 A CN 111727845A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a vegetable seedling raising matrix and a bio-organic fertilizer by using dairy cow bedding. The vegetable seedling raising substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0-20 parts of hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom residue powder, 40-80 parts of decomposed padding, 10-20 parts of expanded vermiculite and 0.1-1 part of EM mushroom powder; the decomposed bedding material is a product of fermented dairy cow bedding material containing hypsizigus marmoreus residues. The preparation method of the vegetable seedling raising substrate comprises five steps: (1) preparing hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom residue powder; (2) collecting waste padding of the dairy cows; (3) adjusting and stacking waste padding; (4) pile fermentation; (5) the components are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio to obtain the vegetable seedling substrate. The decomposed padding can be directly used as a biological organic fertilizer. The invention has wide raw material source, convenient acquisition and low manufacturing cost, fully recycles industrial agricultural wastes such as mushroom dregs, waste padding and the like, and has good environmental benefit and economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural waste utilization, in particular to a method for preparing a vegetable seedling raising substrate and a bio-organic fertilizer by using dairy cow bedding.
Background
At present, the dairy cattle breeding padding mainly comprises forage or natural wood chips and the like, but the materials are relatively expensive, and meanwhile, the raw materials are easy to be in short supply. At present, edible fungus residues are frequently used as dairy cow padding, industrial edible fungus production raw materials are all agricultural fertilizers, and no additive is added in the production process, so that the production is safe and pollution-free; and the edible fungi can generate a large amount of bioactive substances in the growth process, so that the resistance of animals can be improved. In addition, the fungus dregs contain a large amount of viable bacteria, which can effectively decompose the excrement of the dairy cows, reduce the odor of the excrement in the culture area and control the propagation of harmful diseases and pests; the edible fungus residues contain a large amount of gaps, so that water can be effectively controlled, the cleanliness of a culture area is ensured, and ecological culture is really realized; the dairy cow manure produced by the method also contains a large amount of edible fungus residues, and through primary fermentation, the organic matter content is rich, meanwhile, the content of mixed fungi is low, and further fermentation is easy.
The vegetable seedling raising substrate is a medium which provides a good germination environment for seeds and provides stable growth factors such as light, temperature, water, humidity, fertilizer and the like for seedling growth. In recent years, with the development of modern agriculture and breeding industry in China, the current seedling raising matrix is mostly made of grass carbon, vermiculite, perlite, a large amount of organic matters and the like; however, the grass carbon is used as a non-renewable resource, the storage is limited, and the perlite is difficult to degrade in the environment, so that the exploration of new high-quality and low-cost seedling raising raw materials and substrates is particularly important. Cow dung and mushroom dregs are very good organic matter sources; however, cow dung needs to be fermented and decomposed, fungus dregs are high in inorganic salt content due to high EC value, and are easy to burn seedlings when directly used as fertilizers, and the using amount of the fungus dregs in a culture medium needs to be controlled.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing a vegetable seedling substrate and a bio-organic fertilizer by using dairy cow bedding, which is characterized in that the method fully combines the industrial structures of local factory planting and breeding industries according to local conditions and local industrial characteristics to develop the vegetable seedling substrate and the bio-organic fertilizer with high quality, low price and environmental protection, thereby realizing the reutilization of factory organic waste.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
firstly, providing a vegetable seedling substrate, wherein the vegetable seedling substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0-20 parts of hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom residue powder, 40-80 parts of decomposed padding, 10-20 parts of expanded vermiculite and 0.1-1 part of EM mushroom powder; the decomposed bedding material is a product of fermented dairy cow bedding material containing hypsizigus marmoreus residues.
The formula of the vegetable seedling raising substrate can be further optimized as follows:
the vegetable seedling raising substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10 parts of hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom residue powder, 50 parts of decomposed padding, 10 parts of expanded vermiculite and 1 part of EM (effective microorganism) mushroom powder; the decomposed bedding material is a product of fermented dairy cow bedding material containing hypsizigus marmoreus residues.
The vegetable seedling raising substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0 part of hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom residue powder, 40 parts of decomposed padding, 10 parts of expanded vermiculite and 0.1 part of EM (effective microorganism) mushroom powder; the decomposed bedding material is a product of fermented dairy cow bedding material containing hypsizigus marmoreus residues.
The vegetable seedling raising substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20 parts of hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom residue powder, 80 parts of decomposed padding, 20 parts of expanded vermiculite and 1 part of EM (effective microorganism) mushroom powder; the decomposed bedding material is a product of fermented dairy cow bedding material containing hypsizigus marmoreus residues.
Then, a preparation method of the vegetable seedling raising substrate is provided, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom dreg powder: collecting hypsizigus marmoreus fungi residues, including pollution-free fungi residues discarded after industrial production and leftover materials discarded after packaging; drying the hypsizigus marmoreus residues in a drying oven at 65-75 ℃ for more than 24 hours, evaporating water and killing live bacteria; crushing the dried hypsizigus marmoreus dregs, and sieving by a 0.5mm sieve to prepare fungus dreg powder;
(2) collecting the waste padding of the dairy cows: selecting pollution-free mushroom residues after the industrialized production of hypsizigus marmoreus, wherein the water content of the mushroom residues is 45-55%, and controlling the water content to be below 20% through natural spreading and airing or oven drying; spreading the dry mushroom dregs in a cowshed for 2-4cm, and collecting the dry mushroom dregs and the excrement of the dairy cow after use;
(3) adjusting and stacking waste padding: after the waste padding is collected, the water content of the waste padding is adjusted to 50-60 percent by using dried mushroom dregs and water, the pH value is 6.0-8.0, and the C/N ratio is 20-30; after the adjustment is finished, adding EM (effective microorganisms) bacterial powder according to the mass ratio of 0.1-0.5% of the waste padding, stacking after uniform stirring, and carrying out pile fermentation at a ventilated place;
(4) pile fermentation: detecting the reactor core temperature in the pile fermentation for 1-3 days, and turning the reactor core for the first time when the reactor core temperature reaches 55-65 ℃; turning over once in 1-2 days, maintaining the core temperature between 55 ℃ and 65 ℃, and fermenting at high temperature for 10-14 days; when the temperature of the reactor core is lower than 50 ℃ and does not rise any more, finishing fermentation to obtain decomposed padding;
(5) uniformly mixing the following components in percentage by mass: mixing 0-20 parts of hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom residue powder, 40-80 parts of decomposed padding and 10-20 parts of expanded vermiculite according to a mass ratio, then adding water to adjust the humidity to be 30%, then adding 0.1-1 part of EM (effective microorganism) mushroom powder, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the vegetable seedling culture substrate.
The step (2) of collecting the dairy cow waste padding further comprises the following steps: 20-50% of the volume of the fungus residue is added into the excrement pool or the excrement collecting pool in advance, and the fungus residue is collected together after the urinal is filled with the fungus residue, so that the waste padding is obtained.
In addition, a preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer is also provided, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom dreg powder: collecting hypsizigus marmoreus fungi residues, including pollution-free fungi residues discarded after industrial production and leftover materials discarded after packaging; drying the hypsizigus marmoreus residues in a drying oven at 65-75 ℃ for more than 24 hours, evaporating water and killing live bacteria; crushing the dried hypsizigus marmoreus dregs, and sieving by a 0.5mm sieve to prepare fungus dreg powder;
(2) collecting the waste padding of the dairy cows: selecting pollution-free mushroom residues after the industrialized production of hypsizigus marmoreus, wherein the water content of the mushroom residues is 45-55%, and controlling the water content to be below 20% through natural spreading and airing or oven drying; spreading the dry mushroom dregs in a cowshed for 2-4cm, and collecting the dry mushroom dregs and the excrement of the dairy cow after use;
(3) adjusting and stacking waste padding: after the waste padding is collected, the water content of the waste padding is adjusted to 50-60 percent by using dried mushroom dregs and water, the pH value is 6.0-8.0, and the C/N ratio is 20-30; after the adjustment is finished, adding EM (effective microorganisms) bacterial powder according to the mass ratio of 0.1-0.5% of the waste padding, stacking after uniform stirring, and carrying out pile fermentation at a ventilated place;
(4) pile fermentation: detecting the reactor core temperature in the pile fermentation for 1-3 days, and turning the reactor core for the first time when the reactor core temperature reaches 55-65 ℃; turning over once in 1-2 days, maintaining the core temperature between 55 ℃ and 65 ℃, and fermenting at high temperature for 10-14 days; when the temperature of the reactor core is lower than 50 ℃ and does not rise any more, the decomposed padding is obtained after the fermentation is finished, and the decomposed padding can be directly used as the bio-organic fertilizer.
The step (2) of collecting the dairy cow waste padding further comprises the following steps: 20-50% of the volume of the fungus residue is added into the excrement pool or the excrement collecting pool in advance, and the fungus residue is collected together after the urinal is filled with the fungus residue, so that the waste padding is obtained.
Further, the biological organic fertilizer is prepared by adding EM (effective microorganisms) bacterial powder with the mass fraction of 0.1% into decomposed padding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention mainly has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the vegetable seedling raising matrix and the bio-organic fertilizer are prepared by using the dairy cow bedding, so that industrial agricultural wastes such as mushroom dregs, waste bedding and the like are fully recycled, the problem of fertilizer treatment in the planting industry and the breeding industry is solved, the environmental pollution is avoided, and a new economic value is created.
2. The raw materials have wide sources, are convenient to obtain and have low manufacturing cost.
3. The nutrient is comprehensive, and a good environment is provided for the growth of the vegetable seedlings.
4. The hypsizigus marmoreus residues are used as padding of dairy cows to effectively control sewage, air odor and plant diseases and insect pests in a breeding area.
5. The cow dung and the mushroom dregs are fermented together, so that the advantage of high porosity of the mushroom dregs of the edible mushrooms is fully exerted, the fermentation is promoted, the decomposition speed can be accelerated, the conversion efficiency is improved, and the quality of pile products is improved.
6. The production of the seedling substrate produces the bio-organic fertilizer at the same time, and the production efficiency is high.
7. The prepared seedling raising substrate and the biological organic fertilizer contain a large amount of bacterial metabolites such as polysaccharide and polypeptide, and the substances can promote the growth and development of vegetables, increase the root activity and regulate the induced resistance of plants.
8. The addition of the microbial inoculum can form a beneficial bacterium protective layer at the rhizosphere of the seedling, effectively reduce various diseases in the seedling stage, stimulate the accumulation of secondary metabolites of the seedling and increase the resistance of the plant.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail by way of examples (but not by way of all examples).
Example 1
The vegetable seedling raising substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10 parts of hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom residue powder, 50 parts of decomposed padding, 10 parts of expanded vermiculite and 1 part of EM mushroom powder.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting hypsizigus marmoreus fungi residues, including pollution-free fungi residues discarded after industrial production and leftover materials discarded after packaging; drying hypsizygus marmoreus residues in a solar drying oven at 65-75 ℃ for more than 24 hours, evaporating water and killing live bacteria; and crushing the dried hypsizigus marmoreus dregs, and sieving by using a 0.5mm sieve to prepare fungus dreg powder.
(2) Selecting pollution-free mushroom residues after the industrialized production of hypsizigus marmoreus, wherein the water content of the mushroom residues is 45-55%, and controlling the water content to be below 20% through natural spreading and airing or oven drying; spreading the dry bacterial residue in cowshed for 2-4cm, and collecting together with cow excrement after use. Or 20-50% of the volume of the mushroom dregs can be added into the excrement pool or the excrement collection pool in advance, and the excrement is collected together after the urinal is full to obtain the waste padding. The method can effectively control sewage, air peculiar smell and plant diseases and insect pests in the culture area.
(3) After the waste padding is collected, the water content of the waste padding is adjusted to 60 percent by using dried mushroom dregs and water, the detection C/N is 21.6, and the pH value is 6.2; after the adjustment is finished, EM bacterial powder is added according to the mass ratio of 0.5% of the waste padding, the padding is stirred uniformly and then piled, and pile fermentation is carried out at a ventilation position.
(4) Detecting the reactor core temperature to 55 ℃ on the pile fermentation day 2, turning the pile for the first time, turning the pile once every day, maintaining the core temperature between 55 ℃ and 60 ℃, and fermenting at high temperature for 11 days. When the temperature of the reactor core is lower than 50 ℃ and does not rise any more, the fermentation is finished, and the decomposed padding is obtained.
(5) Mixing 10 parts of hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom residue powder, 50 parts of decomposed padding and 10 parts of expanded vermiculite according to a mass ratio, adding water to adjust the humidity by 30%, adding 1 part of EM mushroom powder, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the vegetable seedling culture substrate.
The substrate is used for floating seedling of tomatoes, and the average rate of emergence is more than 90%. Detecting seedling raising substrates of different batches, wherein the volume weight of the seedling raising substrates is 0.5-0.7g/cm3Total porosity 70.22-82.06%, air vent 21.77-28.37%, and water holding pore 48.4-53.82%. According to the literature, the ideal volume weight of the vegetable seedling raising substrate should be 0.15-0.8 g/cm3The total porosity is 54-96%, the water holding pore is more than 40%, and the ventilation pore is 15-30%. Therefore, the substrate produced by the method completely meets the ideal state of the seedling substrate.
Example 2
The vegetable seedling raising substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40 parts of decomposed padding, 10 parts of expanded vermiculite and 0.1 part of EM (effective microorganism) bacterium powder.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting pollution-free mushroom residues after the industrialized production of hypsizigus marmoreus, wherein the water content of the mushroom residues is 45-55%, and controlling the water content to be below 20% through natural spreading and airing or oven drying; spreading the dry bacterial residue in cowshed for 2-4cm, and collecting together with cow excrement after use. Or 20-50% of the volume of the mushroom dregs can be added into the excrement pool or the excrement collection pool in advance, and the excrement is collected together after the urinal is full to obtain the waste padding. The method can effectively control sewage, air peculiar smell and plant diseases and insect pests in the culture area.
(2) Adding water into the waste padding to adjust the water content to be 60%, adding 20% hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom dregs, detecting a mixture C/N22-30, and adjusting the pH to be 6.9; after the adjustment is finished, EM bacterial powder is added according to the mass ratio of 0.5% of the waste padding, the padding is stirred uniformly and then piled, and pile fermentation is carried out at a ventilation position.
(3) Detecting the reactor core temperature to 55 ℃ on the pile fermentation day 3, and turning the pile for the first time; turning over the pile once every day, maintaining the core temperature between 55 ℃ and 60 ℃, and fermenting at high temperature for 11 days; when the temperature of the reactor core is lower than 50 ℃ and does not rise any more, the fermentation is finished, and the decomposed padding is obtained.
(4) Mixing 40 parts of decomposed padding and 20 parts of expanded vermiculite according to the mass ratio, adjusting the humidity to be 30%, adding 0.1 part of EM (effective microorganism) bacterium powder, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the vegetable seedling substrate.
The substrate is used for floating seedling of tomatoes, and the 14-balance average rate of emergence after sowing is detected to be 88%.
Example 3
The vegetable seedling raising substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20 parts of hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom residue powder, 80 parts of decomposed padding, 20 parts of expanded vermiculite and 1 part of EM mushroom powder.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting hypsizigus marmoreus fungi residues, including pollution-free fungi residues discarded after industrial production and leftover materials discarded after packaging; drying hypsizygus marmoreus residues in a solar drying oven at 65-75 ℃ for more than 24 hours, evaporating water and killing live bacteria; and crushing the dried hypsizigus marmoreus dregs, and sieving by using a 0.5mm sieve to prepare fungus dreg powder.
(2) Selecting pollution-free mushroom residues after the industrialized production of hypsizigus marmoreus, wherein the water content of the mushroom residues is 45-55%, and controlling the water content to be below 20% through natural spreading and airing or oven drying; spreading the dry bacterial residue in cowshed for 2-4cm, and collecting together with cow excrement after use. Or 20-50% of the volume of the mushroom dregs can be added into the excrement pool or the excrement collection pool in advance, and the excrement is collected together after the urinal is full to obtain the waste padding. The method can effectively control sewage, air peculiar smell and plant diseases and insect pests in the culture area.
(3) Adding water into the waste padding to adjust the water content to 60%, detecting the mixture C/N20-30, and adjusting the pH to 6.4; after the adjustment is finished, EM bacterial powder is added according to the mass ratio of 0.1% of the waste padding, the padding is stirred uniformly and then piled, and pile fermentation is carried out at a ventilation position.
(4) Detecting the reactor core temperature to 55 ℃ on the pile fermentation day 3, and turning the pile for the first time; turning over the pile once every day, maintaining the core temperature between 55 ℃ and 60 ℃, and fermenting at high temperature for 15 days; when the temperature of the reactor core is lower than 50 ℃ and does not rise any more, the fermentation is finished, and the decomposed padding is obtained.
(5) Mixing 80 parts of decomposed padding, 20 parts of hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom residue powder and 20 parts of expanded vermiculite according to a mass ratio, adjusting the humidity to be 30%, adding 1 part of EM (effective microorganism) mushroom powder, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the vegetable seedling substrate.
Example 4
The preparation process of the bio-organic fertilizer prepared from the waste padding comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting hypsizigus marmoreus fungi residues, including pollution-free fungi residues discarded after industrial production and leftover materials discarded after packaging; drying the hypsizigus marmoreus residues in a solar drying oven at 65-75 ℃ for more than 24 hours, or naturally airing for 4 days and turning over at regular time, evaporating water and killing viable bacteria; and crushing the dried hypsizigus marmoreus dregs, and sieving by using a 0.5mm sieve to prepare fungus dreg powder.
(2) Selecting pollution-free mushroom residues after the industrialized production of hypsizigus marmoreus, wherein the water content of the mushroom residues is 45-55%, and controlling the water content to be below 20% through natural spreading and airing or oven drying; spreading the dry bacterial residue in cowshed for 2-4cm, and collecting together with cow excrement after use. Or 20-50% of the volume of the mushroom dregs can be added into the excrement pool or the excrement collection pool in advance, and the excrement is collected together after the urinal is full to obtain the waste padding. The method can effectively control sewage, air peculiar smell and plant diseases and insect pests in the culture area.
(3) Adding dry mushroom dregs and water into the waste padding to adjust the water content to 60 percent, C/N20-30 and the pH value to 7; after the adjustment is finished, EM bacterial powder is added according to the mass ratio of 0.3% of the waste padding, the padding is stirred uniformly and then piled, and pile fermentation is carried out at a ventilation position.
(4) Detecting the reactor core temperature to 55 ℃ on the pile fermentation day 3, turning the pile for the first time, turning the pile every 1-2 days, maintaining the core temperature between 55-60 ℃, and fermenting at high temperature for 14 days. When the temperature of the reactor core is lower than 50 ℃ and does not rise any more, namely fermentation is finished, and the decomposition is successful. The decomposed padding can be used as a bio-organic fertilizer and directly applied to a field. Meanwhile, EM microbial inoculum with the mass fraction of 0.1 percent can be added on the basis of the decomposed padding to serve as the bio-organic fertilizer.
A relatively barren land is selected as a test field in Dongying city of Shandong province, the basic land capability before cultivation is quick-acting N which is not detected, the quick-acting potassium content is 196mg/kg, the effective phosphorus content is 6.22 mg/kg, and the organic matter content is 0.97%. 3 biological organic fertilizer treatment areas are designed in the experimental field, and decomposed padding of 1t, 2t and 3t is applied to each mu of field respectively to serve as base fertilizer. Meanwhile, 2 control treatment areas are arranged, wherein one control treatment area is a blank control area, namely no fertilizer is applied; and secondly, in a fertilizer control area, 80 kg of compound fertilizer (gold and large compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of 15 percent) is applied to each mu of land as base fertilizer. After ploughing, the corn is sown, different treatment areas are ridged and separated, and field management of the different treatment areas is consistent. The number of each treatment area and the arrangement of the base fertilizer are shown in Table 1, and each treatment area is 30m2. 10 seedlings are selected for each treatment in the seedling stage to detect relevant indexes.
TABLE 1 corn treatment area numbering and base fertilizer arrangement
After seedling emergence, the plant height, stem circumference and fresh weight of different treatment areas in the seedling stage are detected, and the influence of different treatments on the growth of the corn seedlings is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on maize seedling growth
As can be seen from Table 2, the 1t-3t treatment is superior to the blank CK treatment in plant height, stem circumference and fresh weight indexes. After 3 t/mu of decomposed padding is applied as base fertilizer, the seedling indexes are superior to those of the treated by chemical fertilizer CK. The result shows that the biological organic fertilizer can effectively promote the growth of crops, can reduce the application amount of fertilizers in fields, and is worth of being widely popularized as an excellent organic fertilizer.
Claims (9)
1. The vegetable seedling substrate is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0-20 parts of hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom residue powder, 40-80 parts of decomposed padding, 10-20 parts of expanded vermiculite and 0.1-1 part of EM mushroom powder; the decomposed bedding material is a product of fermented dairy cow bedding material containing hypsizigus marmoreus residues.
2. A vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10 parts of hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom residue powder, 50 parts of decomposed padding, 10 parts of expanded vermiculite and 1 part of EM (effective microorganism) mushroom powder; the decomposed bedding material is a product of fermented dairy cow bedding material containing hypsizigus marmoreus residues.
3. A vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0 part of hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom residue powder, 40 parts of decomposed padding, 10 parts of expanded vermiculite and 0.1 part of EM (effective microorganism) mushroom powder; the decomposed bedding material is a product of fermented dairy cow bedding material containing hypsizigus marmoreus residues.
4. A vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20 parts of hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom residue powder, 80 parts of decomposed padding, 20 parts of expanded vermiculite and 1 part of EM (effective microorganism) mushroom powder; the decomposed bedding material is a product of fermented dairy cow bedding material containing hypsizigus marmoreus residues.
5. A method for preparing a vegetable seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom dreg powder: collecting hypsizigus marmoreus fungi residues, including pollution-free fungi residues discarded after industrial production and leftover materials discarded after packaging; drying the hypsizigus marmoreus residues in a drying oven at 65-75 ℃ for more than 24 hours, evaporating water and killing live bacteria; crushing the dried hypsizigus marmoreus dregs, and sieving by a 0.5mm sieve to prepare fungus dreg powder;
(2) collecting the waste padding of the dairy cows: selecting pollution-free mushroom residues after the industrialized production of hypsizigus marmoreus, wherein the water content of the mushroom residues is 45-55%, and controlling the water content to be below 20% through natural spreading and airing or oven drying; spreading the dry mushroom dregs in a cowshed for 2-4cm, and collecting the dry mushroom dregs and the excrement of the dairy cow after use;
(3) adjusting and stacking waste padding: after the waste padding is collected, the water content of the waste padding is adjusted to 50-60 percent by using dried mushroom dregs and water, the pH value is 6.0-8.0, and the C/N ratio is 20-30; after the adjustment is finished, adding EM (effective microorganisms) bacterial powder according to the mass ratio of 0.1-0.5% of the waste padding, stacking after uniform stirring, and carrying out pile fermentation at a ventilated place;
(4) pile fermentation: detecting the reactor core temperature in the pile fermentation for 1-3 days, and turning the reactor core for the first time when the reactor core temperature reaches 55-65 ℃; turning over once in 1-2 days, maintaining the core temperature between 55 ℃ and 65 ℃, and fermenting at high temperature for 10-14 days; when the temperature of the reactor core is lower than 50 ℃ and does not rise any more, finishing fermentation to obtain decomposed padding;
(5) uniformly mixing the following components in percentage by mass: mixing 0-20 parts of hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom residue powder, 40-80 parts of decomposed padding and 10-20 parts of expanded vermiculite according to a mass ratio, then adding water to adjust the humidity to be 30%, then adding 0.1-1 part of EM (effective microorganism) mushroom powder, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the vegetable seedling culture substrate.
6. A method for preparing a vegetable seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step (2) of collecting the waste padding of the dairy cows further comprises the following steps: 20-50% of the volume of the fungus residue is added into the excrement pool or the excrement collecting pool in advance, and the fungus residue is collected together after the urinal is filled with the fungus residue, so that the waste padding is obtained.
7. The preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom dreg powder: collecting hypsizigus marmoreus fungi residues, including pollution-free fungi residues discarded after industrial production and leftover materials discarded after packaging; drying the hypsizigus marmoreus residues in a drying oven at 65-75 ℃ for more than 24 hours, evaporating water and killing live bacteria; crushing the dried hypsizigus marmoreus dregs, and sieving by a 0.5mm sieve to prepare fungus dreg powder;
(2) collecting the waste padding of the dairy cows: selecting pollution-free mushroom residues after the industrialized production of hypsizigus marmoreus, wherein the water content of the mushroom residues is 45-55%, and controlling the water content to be below 20% through natural spreading and airing or oven drying; spreading the dry mushroom dregs in a cowshed for 2-4cm, and collecting the dry mushroom dregs and the excrement of the dairy cow after use;
(3) adjusting and stacking waste padding: after the waste padding is collected, the water content of the waste padding is adjusted to 50-60 percent by using dried mushroom dregs and water, the pH value is 6.0-8.0, and the C/N ratio is 20-30; after the adjustment is finished, adding EM (effective microorganisms) bacterial powder according to the mass ratio of 0.1-0.5% of the waste padding, stacking after uniform stirring, and carrying out pile fermentation at a ventilated place;
(4) pile fermentation: detecting the reactor core temperature in the pile fermentation for 1-3 days, and turning the reactor core for the first time when the reactor core temperature reaches 55-65 ℃; turning over once in 1-2 days, maintaining the core temperature between 55 ℃ and 65 ℃, and fermenting at high temperature for 10-14 days; when the temperature of the reactor core is lower than 50 ℃ and does not rise any more, the decomposed padding is obtained after the fermentation is finished, and the decomposed padding can be directly used as the bio-organic fertilizer.
8. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the step (2) of collecting the waste padding of the dairy cows further comprises the following steps: 20-50% of the volume of the fungus residue is added into the excrement pool or the excrement collecting pool in advance, and the fungus residue is collected together after the urinal is filled with the fungus residue, so that the waste padding is obtained.
9. The preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 7 or 8, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by adding EM (effective microorganism) bacteria powder with the mass fraction of 0.1% into decomposed padding.
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| CN113812327A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-21 | 江西芳芽农业发展有限公司 | Vegetable seedling raising substrate obtained based on waste utilization and preparation method thereof |
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