CN105973450A - Optical fiber Fizeau interferometric array distributed vibration sensing system and method - Google Patents
Optical fiber Fizeau interferometric array distributed vibration sensing system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber Fizeau interferometric array distributed vibration sensing system and method. The system comprises a laser light source, a first optical fiber coupler, a first optical frequency shifter, a second optical frequency shifter, a second optical fiber coupler, a delay device, an optical circulator and an optical fiber Fizeau interferometric array. The system also comprises a photoelectric detector, a data acquisition and control card, a first radio frequency signal source and a second radio frequency signal source; light emitted by the laser light source passes through the first optical fiber coupler so as to be divided into two beams of light, wherein the first beam of light and the second beam of light pass through the first optical frequency shifter and the second optical frequency shifter respectively so as to be subjected to frequency shifting, and therefore, the first beam of light and the second beam of light can be modulated into a first optical pulse and a second optical pulse with different frequencies; after the second optical pulse passes through the delay device, the second optical pulse and the first optical pulse are coupled into a pulse pair at the second optical fiber coupler; the pulse pair passes through the optical circulator and enters the optical fiber Fizeau interferometric array, and as a result, a plurality of reflected pulse pairs can be generated; the reflected pulse pairs go back to the optical circulator; and the reflected pulse pairs are subjected to heterodyne interferometry at the photoelectric detector.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fiber optic sensor technology field, particularly relate to a kind of optical fiber Fizeau interference array distributed vibration sensing system and method.
Background technology
nullDistributed optical fiber vibration sensing is with optical fiber as sensing element and transmission medium，Realize the technology that Inductive links periphery vibration signal is detected，It is highly sensitive that it not only has simple fiber sensing technology、High temperature resistant、The advantageous properties such as anticorrosive and electromagnetism interference，And more can embody the advantage that fiber distribution extends，In Inductive links, any point can the modulation of signal vibrated，Thus realize detecting without leak source of vibration signal，Interference type distributed optical fiber vibration sensing technology is vibrating sensing technology based on optical interference modulation principle，Have highly sensitive、Dynamic range is big and the outstanding advantages such as response frequency height，Through the development of more than 30 years，Interference-type optical fiber vibrating sensing technology achieves plentiful and substantial achievement in research，Propose Mach-Zehnder interferometer，Michelson interferometer and Sagnac interferometer and MZI-MZI,The multiple compound interference structure such as SI-SI.
The vibration sensing system of design based on the interference structures such as Mach-Zehnder interferometer and Michelson interferometer studied, being single armed sensing, reference light and flashlight are not advanced in same light path so two-arm is highly prone to the interference of varying environment noise thus causes interference fringe unstable.First reflection light when Fizeau interference is to utilize light to transmit in optical system is as reference light, second time reflection light is as flashlight, reference light and flashlight are advanced along same light path and interfere, and during Fizeau interferes, flashlight is advanced in same light path from reference light thus overcome the problems such as the interference fringe instability that causes because of different external interference (such as vibration, temperature fluctuation etc.).
Along with the gradually ripe of interference type distributed optical fiber vibration sensing technology and time-division and the development of wavelength-division multiplex technique, in order to realize sensor-based system networking, on a large scale, the measurement of quasi-distribution, the optical fiber vibration sensing array of various structures, scale and distance sensing has obtained studying widely, make a general survey of current various composite sensor array technology, be difficult to have a kind of technology can be provided simultaneously with superior performance at aspects such as detection range, array scale, linear array diameter and measurement sensitivity.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming Mach-Zehnder interferometer and Michelson interferometer etc., because flashlight is advanced in different light paths from reference light thus the problem such as cause the interference fringe caused by different external interference (such as vibration, temperature fluctuation etc.) unstable, it is provided that a kind of optical fiber Fizeau interference array distributed vibration sensing system and method.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of optical fiber Fizeau interference array distributed vibration sensing system is provided, including LASER Light Source, first fiber coupler, first optical frequency shifter, second optical frequency shifter, second fiber coupler, chronotron, optical circulator and optical fiber Fizeau interference array, the light that LASER Light Source sends is divided into two-beam through the first fiber coupler, light beam and the second bundle light are respectively by the first optical frequency shifter, second optical frequency shifter produces frequency displacement and is modulated into the first light pulse and second light pulse of different frequency, second light pulse is again after chronotron time delay, at the second fiber coupler, it is coupled into pulse pair with the first light pulse, pulse enters optical fiber Fizeau interference array to by optical circulator, produce multiple reflected impulse pair, return optical circulator；
This system also includes photodetector, data acquisition and control card, the first radio-frequency signal source and the second radio-frequency signal source, photodetector is connected with control card with optical circulator, data acquisition, first radio-frequency signal source and the first optical frequency shifter connect, and the second radio-frequency signal source and the second optical frequency shifter connect；The later pulse of adjacent two reflected impulse centering previous reflected impulse centerings is as reference light, and the previous pulse of later reflected impulse centering is as flashlight, and both occur difference interference at photodetector, produces and interferes beat signal；Interfere beat signal to export through photodetector to be demodulated with controlling card to data acquisition.
In system of the present invention, optical fiber Fizeau interference array includes multipair fiber reflection point, and connecting between every pair of fiber reflection point has optical fiber.
In system of the present invention, fiber reflection point is Fiber Bragg Grating FBG or chirp grating, or fiber reflection point is the refractive index catastrophe point caused by laser irradiating fiber.
In system of the present invention, the first optical frequency shifter and the second optical frequency shifter are acousto-optic modulator.
In system of the present invention, chronotron is time delay optical fiber, the twice of the fiber lengths between a length of every pair of fiber reflection point of time delay optical fiber.
The present invention also provides for a kind of optical fiber distributed vibration sensing method of Fizeau interference array, comprises the following steps:
Produce the first different light pulse of frequency and the second light pulse；
Second light pulse is carried out time delay, and the second light pulse after time delay and the first light pulse are closed bundle and are formed light pulse pair；
Optical pulse strikes, to optical fiber Fizeau interference array, produces multiple reflected impulse pair；
The later pulse of adjacent two reflected impulse centering previous reflected impulse centerings is as reference light, and the previous pulse of later reflected impulse centering is as flashlight, and both occur difference interference, produces and interferes beat signal；
Output is interfered beat signal and is demodulated.
nullThe beneficial effect comprise that: the light modulation that light source sends is become dual-pulse by the present invention，Incide optical fiber Fizeau interference array，Produce multiple reflected impulse pair，Utilize the later pulse of adjacent two reflected impulse centering previous reflected impulse centerings as reference light、The previous pulse of later reflected impulse centering is as the phase perturbation caused by vibration suffered on optical fiber between flashlight carrying neighboring reflection point，Identical thus realize reference light and signal interference of light by controlling fiber lengths between pulse distance and neighboring reflection point，Avoid the non-equilibrium interference arm of employing to carry out interfering brought system noise and reducing the volume of sensor，By using Fizeau interference structure to make reference light be transmitted in same light path with flashlight，Thus overcome reference light and flashlight transmission in conventional interference structure transmission thus the problem such as the interference fringe that causes because of different external interference is unstable in different light paths；And on simple optical fiber multiplexing large-scale sensor, at detection range, array scale and measure the aspect of performance such as sensitivity and all improved.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, in accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the comparison diagram of measuring results and cymoscope testing result；
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
nullFig. 1 is the structural representation of one embodiment of the invention，Optical fiber Fizeau interference array distributed vibration sensing system includes LASER Light Source 1、First fiber coupler 2、First optical frequency shifter 4、Second optical frequency shifter 7、Second fiber coupler 11、Chronotron、Optical circulator 13 and optical fiber Fizeau interference array 14，The light that LASER Light Source 1 sends is divided into two-beam through the first fiber coupler 2，Light beam and the second bundle light are respectively by the first optical frequency shifter 4、Second optical frequency shifter 7 produces frequency displacement and is modulated into the first different light pulse of frequency and the second light pulse，Second light pulse is again after chronotron time delay，At optical circulator 13, it is coupled into pulse pair with the first light pulse，Pulse is to entering optical fiber Fizeau interference array 14，Multiple reflected impulse pair is produced after multiple fiber reflection point reflections of optical fiber Fizeau interference array 14，And reflect back into optical circulator 13 through Fizeau interference array 14.
This system also includes photodetector 15, data acquisition and control card the 17, first radio-frequency signal source 8 and the second radio-frequency signal source 9, photodetector 15 is connected with control card 17 with optical circulator 13, data acquisition, first radio-frequency signal source 8 is connected with the first optical frequency shifter 4, and the second radio-frequency signal source 9 is connected with the second optical frequency shifter 7.Pulse after reflection enters photodetector 15 to through optical circulator 13, difference interference occurs at photodetector 15, produces and interfere beat signal；Interfere beat signal to export through photodetector 15 to be demodulated with controlling card 17 to data acquisition.
Wherein, the first optical frequency shifter 4 and the second optical frequency shifter 7 select acousto-optic modulator.Chronotron can be selected for time delay optical fiber 10, the twice of the fiber lengths between a length of every pair of fiber reflection point of time delay optical fiber 10.
First bundle detection light enters the first optical frequency shifter 4 frequency displacement by the first connection optical fiber 3 and to be modulated into frequency be f1It is injected into first port 11.1 of the second fiber coupler 11 (3dB) by the second connection optical fiber 5 after the light pulse of+υ；Second bundle detection light enters the second optical frequency shifter 7 by the 3rd connection optical fiber 6 and produces frequency displacement and be modulated into frequency f2The Delay injection second port 11.2 to the second fiber coupler is carried out by time delay optical fiber 10 after the light pulse that+υ is.
Connecting optical fiber 12 by the 4th section after forming the 3rd port 11.3 output from the second fiber coupler 11 (3dB) of light pulse pair after the light pulse that the first port and the second port input being closed bundle by the second fiber coupler 11 (3dB) and incide the first port 13.1 of optical circulator 13, the light pulse of the second port 13.2 output of optical circulator is to inciding optical fiber Fizeau interference array 14.
Optical fiber Fizeau interference array includes multipair fiber reflection point, and connecting between every pair of fiber reflection point has optical fiber.Fiber reflection point can be Fiber Bragg Grating FBG or chirp grating, or fiber reflection point is the refractive index catastrophe point caused by laser irradiating fiber.
In one embodiment of the present of invention, optical fiber Fizeau interference array is utilized in line and prepares the method for superweak grating and utilize drawing optical fibers to be made with online grid dedicated platform processed, 1005 Bragg gratings are inscribed altogether in it, being spaced apart 10m between Bragg grating, the reflectance of grating is-35dB-40dB.
3rd port 13.3 of optical circulator is connected with photodetector 15, the electric delivery outlet of photodetector 15 is connected to data acquisition by the 5th connection optical fiber 16 and is controlled the input port 17.3 of card 17, data acquisition is connected, with the input port 8.1 that controls of first radio-frequency signal source 8, the control realized the first radio-frequency signal source with the first control mouth 17.1 controlling card, and signal processing is connected, with the input port 9.1 that controls of second radio-frequency signal source 9, the control realized the second radio-frequency signal source with the second control mouth 17.2 controlling card.
The radio frequency delivery outlet 8.2 of the first radio-frequency signal source 8 is connected to the rf input port 4.3 of the first optical frequency shifter；The radio frequency delivery outlet 9.2 of the second radio-frequency signal source 9 is connected to the rf input port 7.3 of the second optical frequency shifter.
The present invention uses the two pulses generation difference interference that frequency is different, by beat signal is demodulated, obtain extraneous vibration signal, can be applicable in the design of interference type optical fiber hydrophone, utilize the demodulation of outer difference detection method can be effectively improved system detection sensitivity and the dynamic range of fibre optic hydrophone, environmental perturbation and system portability signal bandwidth can be overcome big simultaneously.
The method for sensing utilizing above-described embodiment optical fiber Fizeau interference array distributed vibration sensing system to realize, mainly comprises the steps that
The light that the light of LASER Light Source 1 output sends is divided into two bundle detection light, the respectively first bundle detection light and the second bundle detection light through the first fiber coupler 2；
First bundle detection light enters the first optical frequency shifter 4 by the first connection optical fiber 3 and produces frequency displacement and to be modulated into frequency be f1It is injected into first port 11.1 of the second fiber coupler 11 by the second connection optical fiber 5 after the light pulse of+υ；Second bundle detection light enters the second optical frequency shifter 7 device by the 3rd connection optical fiber 6 and produces frequency displacement and to be modulated into frequency be f2It is injected into second port 11.2 of the second fiber coupler by time delay optical fiber 10 after the light pulse of+υ.
The first port 13.1 being incided optical circulator 13 by the 4th section of connection optical fiber 12 after the light pulse that the first port and the second port input being closed bundle by the second fiber coupler, the optical pulse strikes of the second port 13.2 output of optical circulator is to optical fiber Fizeau interference array 14；
By the light pulse of first Bragg grating reflection to returning to optical circulator, connecting optical fiber from the 3rd port outgoing of optical circulator through the 5th section and enter photodetector, its electric field intensity is expressed as:
E1-2For the electric field intensity of the later pulse by the optical time domain reflection pulse centering of first Bragg grating reflection, c is the light velocity in vacuum, and L is the length of delay line,For connecting optical fiber and total phase place of time delay optical fiber introducing.
By the light pulse of second Bragg grating reflection to returning to optical circulator, the fiber lengths between two pips is l；Connecting optical fiber from the 3rd port outgoing of circulator through the 5th section and enter photodetector, its electric field intensity is expressed as:
E2-1For the electric field intensity of the previous pulse by the optical time domain reflection pulse centering of second Bragg grating reflection, c is the light velocity in vacuum, and l is the length of optical fiber, n between first fiber reflection point and second fiber reflection pointeffIt is the effective refractive index of optical fiber between first fiber reflection point and second fiber reflection point,For connecting total phase place that optical fiber introduces.
Fiber lengths between time delay optical fiber length with adjacent Bragg grating meets following relation:
L=2l
Tong Bu difference interference is formed with the previous pulse of the pulse centering of second Bragg grating reflection at photodetector, the two-way detection light response I in balanced detector after interference by the later light pulse of first pulse centering of first Bragg grating reflection1,2It is represented by:
The output I of detector is:
Here have ignoredFixed skew.
When optical fiber between first Bragg grating and second Bragg grating is vibrated, neffCan change, above formula understand and interfere the light intensity of beat signal c1 to change.Photodetector, data acquisition and control card receive interference beat signal c1 and demodulated after restore the extraneous vibration suffered by optical fiber between first fiber reflection point and second fiber reflection point.In experiment, at oscillation point, place a cymoscope vibration signal is detected, Fig. 2 is the comparison diagram of measuring results and cymoscope testing result, and the suffered extraneous vibration signal of system is demodulated out as can be seen from Figure, and the vibration signal detected with cymoscope is consistent.
Double light arteries and veins liquidate entrance Fizeau interference array can repeat above step after the 3rd Bragg grating and the 4th Bragg grating, produce and interfere beat signal c2, owing to the reception time interfering beat signal c1 and interference beat signal c2 is different, so the interference beat signal of the optical fiber that can measure respectively between different adjacent Bragg grating, thus demodulate extraneous vibration suffered on optical fiber between different adjacent Bragg grating successively.
nullTo sum up，The light modulation that light source sends is become dual-pulse by the present invention，Utilize the later pulse of adjacent two reflected impulse centering previous reflected impulse centerings as reference light、The previous pulse of later reflected impulse centering is as the phase perturbation caused by vibration suffered on optical fiber between flashlight carrying neighboring reflection point，Identical thus realize reference light and signal interference of light by controlling fiber lengths between pulse distance and neighboring reflection point，Avoid the non-equilibrium interference arm of employing to carry out interfering brought system noise and reducing the volume of sensor，By using Fizeau interference structure to make reference light be transmitted in same light path with flashlight，Thus overcome reference light and flashlight transmission in conventional interference structure transmission thus the problem such as the interference fringe that causes because of different external interference is unstable in different light paths，And on simple optical fiber multiplexing large-scale sensor，At detection range、The aspect of performances such as array scale and measurement sensitivity are all improved.
It should be appreciated that for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or be converted, and all these modifications and variations all should be belonged to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. an optical fiber Fizeau interference array distributed vibration sensing system, it is characterized in that, including LASER Light Source, first fiber coupler, first optical frequency shifter, second optical frequency shifter, second fiber coupler, chronotron, optical circulator and optical fiber Fizeau interference array, the light that LASER Light Source sends is divided into two-beam through the first fiber coupler, light beam and the second bundle light are respectively by the first optical frequency shifter, second optical frequency shifter produces frequency displacement and is modulated into the first different light pulse of frequency and the second light pulse, second light pulse is again after chronotron time delay, at the second fiber coupler, it is coupled into pulse pair with the first light pulse, pulse enters optical fiber Fizeau interference array to by optical circulator, produce multiple reflected impulse pair, return optical circulator；
This system also includes photodetector, data acquisition and control card, the first radio-frequency signal source and the second radio-frequency signal source, photodetector is connected with control card with optical circulator, data acquisition, first radio-frequency signal source and the first optical frequency shifter connect, and the second radio-frequency signal source and the second optical frequency shifter connect；The later pulse of adjacent two reflected impulse centering previous reflected impulse centerings is as reference light, and the previous pulse of later reflected impulse centering is as flashlight, and both occur difference interference at photodetector, produces and interferes beat signal；Interfere beat signal to export through photodetector to be demodulated with controlling card to data acquisition.
System the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that optical fiber Fizeau interference array includes multipair fiber reflection point, connects between every pair of fiber reflection point and has optical fiber.
System the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that fiber reflection point is Fiber Bragg Grating FBG or chirp grating, or fiber reflection point is the refractive index catastrophe point caused by laser irradiating fiber.
System the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the first optical frequency shifter and the second optical frequency shifter are acousto-optic modulator.
System the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that chronotron is time delay optical fiber, the twice of the fiber lengths between a length of every pair of fiber reflection point of time delay optical fiber.
6. the optical fiber distributed vibration sensing method of Fizeau interference array, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Produce the first different light pulse of frequency and the second light pulse；
Second light pulse is carried out time delay, and the second light pulse after time delay and the first light pulse are closed bundle and are formed light pulse pair；
Optical pulse strikes is to optical fiber Fizeau interference array, after reflection, produces multiple reflected impulse pair；
The later pulse of adjacent two reflected impulse centering previous reflected impulse centerings is as reference light, and the previous pulse of later reflected impulse centering is as flashlight, and both occur difference interference, produces and interferes beat signal；
Output is interfered beat signal and is demodulated.
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| CN109724685A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-05-07 | 武汉理工大学 | Fiber grating underwater sound sensing array demodulation method and system based on Fizeau interference |
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