CN103416224A - Method for preparing pleurotus geesteranus compost - Google Patents
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Abstract
Disclosed is a method for preparing pleurorus geesteranus compost. The method for preparing the pleurorus geesteranus compost comprises the steps that sieving, impurity removing and heap building are conducted on mulberry saw dust; quick lime powder is scattered on the surface of the saw dust and a thin film covers the quick lime powder for warming; other raw materials are weighed and mixed with the mulberry saw dust, and the compost are placed into plastic bags; sterilization is conducted after bagging, then inoculation is conducted, the plastic bags are placed back into a room to be cultured for fungus sprouting, and after fungi grow everywhere inside the bags, the fruiting stage starts; picking is conducted before the color of mushroom caps fades and spores shoot off. According to the method for preparing the pleurorus geesteranus compost, the mulberry saw dust is used as the main component of the pleurorus geesteranus compost, the prepared compost has the advantages that nutrition is sufficient, fungus spouting speed is high, the number of fungi is large, the pleurorus geesteranus quality is good, the pleurorus geesteranus growing density is large, pleurorus geesteranus growing power is strong, the yield is high and the disease-prevention performance is good. In addition, the compost is low in price, materials are easy to obtain, prescription and the preparation method are simple, and the compost is applicable to mass production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the compound method of the precious mushroom composts or fertilisers of cultivating of a kind of show, particularly utilize the method for mulberry wood chips for the elegant precious mushroom composts or fertilisers of cultivating of primary raw material preparation.
Background technology
Area, Feng County, Jiangsu is the flat-bottomed land of washing away, depositing and form after changing its course in ancient the Yellow River, soil layer is all that thousands of kilometer washes away the alluvials such as mud fine sand stone of getting off and forms from ancient the upper reaches of the Yellow River, the husky earth layer of soil property, gas permeability is good especially, be rich in various mineral trace elements and various organic and inorganic nutrients fertilizer that plant growth needs in soil layer, so soil is very fertile.In addition, the Feng County warmer climate, make a clear distinction between the four seasons, and sunshine, abundance was applicable to the growth of crops, the growth of especially elegant precious mushroom very much.
Elegant precious mushroom, be subordinate to Basidiomycetes, Agaricales, Pleurotaceae, Pleurotus.Elegant precious mushroom form grace, cap is abundant, and quality is tender and crisp, pure and fresh tasty and refreshing, and delicious flavour is rich in protein, fungi polysaccharide, vitamin and various trace elements, nutritious and have a health care.After measured, containing protein 3.65%～3.88%, crude fat 1.13%～1.18%, sugar 23.94%～34.87%, also contain cellulose, mineral matter element etc. in bright mushroom.The protein content of elegant precious mushroom is close to meat, than the protein content of general vegetables high 3 times～6 times.In addition, elegant precious mushroom contains that human body self can not be manufactured and the threonine that lacks very much in diet, lysine, leucine etc.The precious mushroom of visible show is the healthy food of a kind of high protein, low fat, tasty, unique flavor, but because the growing environment that the precious mushroom of show needs is relatively harsh, temperature, humidity, light are had to higher requirement, so the cultivation of elegant precious mushroom is subject to environmental limit always.And China is sericulture big country, area and the output of silkworm and mulberry all occupy first place in the world, annual breed silkworms finish after, have a large amount of sericulture by products especially ramulus mori by the peasant, thrown aside in field, mouldy rotting, contaminated environment then.After measured, contain crude protein 14.0%, sugar 10.5%, crude fat 2.0%, iron 0.41%, potassium 0.45% in dry mulberry shoot, and these materials are all good raw material of the elegant precious mushroom of cultivation.Therefore, if the ramulus mori of throwing aside can be added to the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of elegant precious mushroom, can solve the problem of environmental pollution that a large amount of ramulus moris are thrown aside and brought.So, how ramulus mori is incorporated in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of elegant precious mushroom and become gradually a very important problem.
Summary of the invention
The problem of environmental pollution of being thrown aside and bringing in order to overcome a large amount of ramulus moris, the invention provides the compound method of the precious mushroom composts or fertilisers of cultivating of a kind of show, and the method is to utilize the main component of mulberry wood chips as the precious mushroom composts or fertilisers of cultivating of show.The composts or fertilisers of cultivating of producing containing nutrition foot, send out that bacterium is fast, to send out bacterium many, elegant precious mushroom quality is good, it is dense to grow, growing power is strong, output is high, the diseases prevention performance is good.In addition, this composts or fertilisers of cultivating is cheap, and material is easily got, and formula and preparation method are simple, is applicable to large-scale production.Therefore, the compound method of the precious mushroom composts or fertilisers of cultivating of this show had both taken full advantage of the downstream product that silkworm and mulberry are produced, and had extended the industrial chain that silkworm and mulberry are produced, and had found again an effective way that improves elegant precious mushroom output and quality.Turning waste into wealth, can produce again when environment purification the precious mushroom of fragrant U.S. good to eat, delicious show of being healthy and strong, is to achieve many things at one stroke.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that its technical scheme adopts:
1. spice pack, the configuration proportion of required matrix is: mulberry wood chips 50%～70%, cotton seed hulls 20%～30%, wheat bran 10%～15%, gypsum 1.0%～2.0%, lime 1.0%～2.0%, mulberry wood chips will be processed before use by fermentation: first sieves, decontamination; Then build heap, heap bottom width 5.0m～8.0m, high 1.8m～2.0m, length is not limit, and becomes curvature of the spinal column type; Quicklime powder is spread on the wood chip surface, water spray evenly makes its spontaneous fermentation, and with the surrounding cover film, heats on stockpile, carries out turning for the first time when the temperature after 4 days～5 days in stockpile rises to 60 ℃, that turning is made every effort to is inside and outside, upper-lower position is exchanged, to reach the uniform effect of fermentation; Then the continuous turning in---5 days---4 days 3 times of being separated by 6 days, whole ramulus mori bits fermentation process needs 20 days～23 days, when mulberry wood chips is dark brown and has certain fragrance, can use; The mulberry wood chips accurately taken after other various raw materials and fermentation according to the mixing ratio of matrix fully stirs, the water spray while mixing, raw material is mixed thoroughly, the water content of guaranteeing composts or fertilisers of cultivating reaches 60%～65%, with hand-tight in webs, watermark is arranged while holding composts or fertilisers of cultivating and do not drip, loose one's grip rear composts or fertilisers of cultivating still agglomerating, throw loose not agglomerating being as the criterion behind ground; Select the low-pressure polyethylene special plastic bag of 18cm * 38cm specification to hold composts or fertilisers of cultivating, every bag heavy 0.9kg～1.0kg, avoid machinery and artificial damage during pack, guarantee that degree of tightness is suitable, and sack adopts the yarn tying to get final product;
2. sterilizing, inoculation, the sterilizing of just doing the cooking after pack keeps 10 hours～12 hours under 100 ℃ of conventional sterilising temps, after sterilizing, pocket is moved in the cooling chamber through sterilization, when material temperature is down to 28 ℃, at aseptic indoor inoculation; Every bottle of oyster mushroom kind can be inoculated 40 bags～50 bags, postvaccinal bacterium bag is put back to indoor bacterium and cultivate;
3. hair tube reason, the optimal temperature of sending out bacterium is 25 ℃, when hyphal diameter grows to 2 ㎝～4 ㎝, once turns over bag, rejects by the bacterium bag of living contaminants; Often ventilation between bacteria developing period, keep cultivating room air fresh; After 25 days～30 days, mycelia can be covered with full bag, enters the fruiting stage;
4. management of producing mushroom, when the bacterium bag proceeds to first 9 days～11 days of mushroom room, carry out disinfection to mushroom room, adds 1000 times of efficient Lu hydrogen chrysanthemum fat with 800 times～1000 times dichlorvos and carry out Insecticiding-miticiding; The mushroom room was ventilated in first 4 days～6 days, march into the arena and prewetted in the mushroom room in first 1 day～2 days; Until the oyster mushroom bag, cover with after mycelia moved the mushroom room, manage: (1) temperature treatment: after the former base of major part occurs, can suitably reduce the temperature difference, temperature of shed is brought up to 14 ℃～20 ℃, when temperature of shed surpasses 25 ℃, should windowing immediately, it is aeration-cooling to carry out,, should be incubated immediately, heat during lower than 12 ℃ when temperature; (2) moisture management: the bacterium bag advance the canopy code good after, should control air humidity in canopy is 85%～95%, lower than 85% with all be unfavorable for elegant precious mushroom growth higher than 95%, specifically can grasp flexibly according to the growing state of mushroom; (3) ventilate: open bag after 4 days～5 days, form a large amount of mushroom flower buds, now, after each water spray, must be ventilated, temperature, moisture management are coordinated to carry out in conjunction with ventilating.(4) illumination: the non-happiness light of elegant precious mushroom bacterium, but give suitable light, stimulate, be conducive to the former base differentiation of its fruit body, light intensity should be controlled at 300 luxs～600 luxs, take and can see the books writing clearly as standard in the mushroom room;
5. gather, elegant precious mushroom produces to fruiting and gathers and need 6 days～10 days from the mushroom flower bud, and when cap grows to 2cm～3cm, cap color, thin out, cap edge is rolled gradually, spore plucked before launching.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, the method is to utilize the main component of mulberry wood chips as the precious mushroom composts or fertilisers of cultivating of show, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating nutrition of producing foot, sends out that bacterium is fast, to send out bacterium many, and elegant precious mushroom quality is good, it is dense to grow, growing power is strong, output is high, the diseases prevention performance is good.In addition, this composts or fertilisers of cultivating is cheap, and material is easily got, and formula and preparation method are simple, is applicable to large-scale production.Therefore, the compound method of the precious mushroom composts or fertilisers of cultivating of this show had both taken full advantage of the downstream product that silkworm and mulberry are produced, and had extended the industrial chain that silkworm and mulberry are produced, and had found again an effective way that improves elegant precious mushroom output and quality.Turning waste into wealth, can produce again when environment purification the precious mushroom of fragrant U.S. good to eat, delicious show of being healthy and strong, is to achieve many things at one stroke.
Embodiment
1. spice pack: the configuration proportion of required matrix is: mulberry wood chips 60%, cotton seed hulls 25%, wheat bran 12%, gypsum 1.0%, lime 2.0%, and mulberry wood chips will be processed before use by fermentation: first sieves, decontamination; Then build heap, heap bottom width 6m, high 2m, length is not limit, and becomes curvature of the spinal column type; Quicklime powder is spread on the wood chip surface, water spray evenly makes its spontaneous fermentation, and with the surrounding cover film, heats on stockpile, carries out turning for the first time when the temperature after 5 days in stockpile rises to 60 ℃, that turning is made every effort to is inside and outside, upper-lower position is exchanged, to reach the uniform effect of fermentation; Then be separated by 6 days---5 days---4 days, turning is 3 times continuously, and whole ramulus mori bits fermentation process needs 23 days, when mulberry wood chips is dark brown and has certain fragrance, can use; The mulberry wood chips accurately taken after other various raw materials and fermentation according to the mixing ratio of matrix fully stirs, the water spray while mixing, raw material is mixed thoroughly, the water content of guaranteeing composts or fertilisers of cultivating reaches 65%, with hand-tight while holding composts or fertilisers of cultivating, in webs, watermark arranged and do not drip, the rear composts or fertilisers of cultivating of loosing one's grip is still agglomerating, throws loose not agglomerating being as the criterion behind ground; Select the low-pressure polyethylene special plastic bag of 18cm * 38cm specification to hold composts or fertilisers of cultivating, every bag heavy 1.0kg, avoid machinery and artificial damage during pack, guarantee that degree of tightness is suitable, and sack adopts the yarn tying to get final product;
2. sterilizing, inoculation: the sterilizing of just doing the cooking after pack, at conventional sterilising temp 100
0
Keep 11 hours under c, after sterilizing, pocket is moved in the cooling chamber through sterilization, when material temperature is down to 26 ℃, at aseptic indoor inoculation, every bottle of oyster mushroom kind can be inoculated 45 bags, postvaccinal bacterium bag is put back to indoor bacterium and cultivate;
3. the hair tube is managed: the optimal temperature of hair bacterium is 25 ℃, once turns over bag when hyphal diameter grows to 3cm, rejects by the bacterium bag of living contaminants; Often ventilation between bacteria developing period, keep cultivating room air fresh; After 28 days, mycelia can be covered with full bag, enters the fruiting stage;
4. management of producing mushroom: proceed to first 10 days of mushroom room at the bacterium bag, carry out disinfection to mushroom room, add 1000 times of efficient Lu hydrogen chrysanthemum fat with 900 times of dichlorvos and carry out Insecticiding-miticiding, the mushroom room was ventilated in first 5 days, march into the arena and prewetted in the mushroom room in first 1 day; The oyster mushroom bag covers with after mycelia moved the mushroom room, manage: (1) temperature treatment: after the former base of major part occurs, can suitably reduce the temperature difference, temperature of shed is brought up to 16 ℃, when temperature of shed, should windowing immediately during higher than 25 ℃, it is aeration-cooling to carry out; Should be incubated immediately, heat during lower than 10 ℃ when temperature; (2) moisture management: the bacterium bag advance the canopy code good after, air humidity in canopy should be controlled to 90%, lower than 85% with all be unfavorable for Pholiota nameko (t.Ito) S. Ito et Imai growth higher than 95%, specifically can grasp flexibly according to the growing state of mushroom; (3) ventilate: open bag and within 5 days, form afterwards a large amount of mushroom flower buds, now, after each water spray, must be ventilated, temperature, moisture management are coordinated to carry out in conjunction with ventilating; (4) illumination: the non-happiness light of elegant precious mushroom bacterium, but give suitable light, stimulate, be conducive to the former base differentiation of its fruit body, light intensity should be controlled at 450 luxs, can see the books writing clearly in the mushroom room, is as the criterion;
5. gather: elegant precious mushroom produces to fruiting and gathers and need 8 day time from the mushroom flower bud, and when cap grows to 3 ㎝, cap color, thin out, cap edge is rolled gradually, spore plucked before launching.
Claims (1)
1.
The compound method of the precious mushroom composts or fertilisers of cultivating of a kind of show is characterized in that: the compound method of the precious mushroom composts or fertilisers of cultivating of this show is,
(1) spice pack, the mixing ratio of required matrix is: mulberry wood chips 50%～70%, cotton seed hulls 20%～30%, wheat bran 10%～15%, gypsum 1.0%～2.0%, lime 1.0%～2.0%, mulberry wood chips will be processed before use by fermentation: first sieves, decontamination; Then build heap, heap bottom width 5.0m～8.0m, high 1.8m～2.0m, length is not limit, and becomes curvature of the spinal column type; Quicklime powder is spread on the wood chip surface, water spray evenly makes its spontaneous fermentation, and with the surrounding cover film, heats on stockpile, carries out turning for the first time when the temperature after 4 days～5 days in stockpile rises to 60 ℃, that turning is made every effort to is inside and outside, upper-lower position is exchanged, to reach the uniform effect of fermentation; Then the continuous turning in---5 days---4 days 3 times of being separated by 6 days, whole ramulus mori bits fermentation process needs 20 days～23 days, when mulberry wood chips is dark brown and has certain fragrance, can use; The mulberry wood chips accurately taken after other various raw materials and fermentation according to the mixing ratio of matrix fully stirs, the water spray while mixing, raw material is mixed thoroughly, the water content of guaranteeing composts or fertilisers of cultivating reaches 60%～65%, with hand-tight while holding composts or fertilisers of cultivating, in webs, watermark arranged and do not drip, the rear composts or fertilisers of cultivating of loosing one's grip is still agglomerating, throws loose not agglomerating being as the criterion behind ground; Select the low-pressure polyethylene special plastic bag of 18cm * 38cm specification to hold composts or fertilisers of cultivating, every bag heavy 0.9kg～1.0kg, avoid machinery and artificial damage during pack, guarantee that degree of tightness is suitable, and sack adopts the yarn tying to get final product;
(2) sterilizing, inoculation, the sterilizing of just doing the cooking after pack keeps 10 hours～12 hours under 100 ℃ of conventional sterilising temps, after sterilizing, pocket is moved in the cooling chamber through sterilization, when material temperature is down to 28 ℃, at aseptic indoor inoculation; Every bottle of oyster mushroom kind can be inoculated 40 bags～50 bags, postvaccinal bacterium bag is put back to indoor bacterium and cultivate;
(3) hair tube reason, the optimal temperature of sending out bacterium is 25 ℃, when hyphal diameter grows to 2 ㎝～4 ㎝, once turns over bag, rejects by the bacterium bag of living contaminants; Often ventilation between bacteria developing period, keep cultivating room air fresh; After 25 days～30 days, mycelia can be covered with full bag, enters the fruiting stage;
(4) management of producing mushroom, when the bacterium bag proceeds to first 9 days～11 days of mushroom room, carry out disinfection to mushroom room, adds 1000 times of efficient Lu hydrogen chrysanthemum fat with 800 times～1000 times dichlorvos and carry out Insecticiding-miticiding; The mushroom room was ventilated in first 4 days～6 days, march into the arena and prewetted in the mushroom room in first 1 day～2 days; Until the oyster mushroom bag, cover with after mycelia moved the mushroom room, manage: (1) temperature treatment: after the former base of major part occurs, can suitably reduce the temperature difference, temperature of shed is brought up to 14 ℃～20 ℃, when temperature of shed surpasses 25 ℃, should windowing immediately, it is aeration-cooling to carry out,, should be incubated immediately, heat during lower than 12 ℃ when temperature; (2) moisture management: the bacterium bag advance the canopy code good after, should control air humidity in canopy is 85%～95%, lower than 85% with all be unfavorable for elegant precious mushroom growth higher than 95%, specifically can grasp flexibly according to the growing state of mushroom; (3) ventilate: open bag after 4 days～5 days, form a large amount of mushroom flower buds, now, after each water spray, must be ventilated, temperature, moisture management are coordinated to carry out in conjunction with ventilating.(4) illumination: the non-happiness light of elegant precious mushroom bacterium, but give suitable light, stimulate, be conducive to the former base differentiation of its fruit body, light intensity should be controlled at 300 luxs～600 luxs, take and can see the books writing clearly as standard in the mushroom room;
(5) gather, elegant precious mushroom produces to fruiting and gathers and need 6 days～10 days from the mushroom flower bud, and when cap grows to 2cm～3cm, cap color, thin out, cap edge is rolled gradually, spore plucked before launching.
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| CN103733877A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-23 | 柳城新天地生态农业发展有限公司 | Culture for high-yield pleurotus geesteranus |
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| CN104303846A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-01-28 | 汤阴森奇生物技术有限公司 | Method for cultivating pleurotus geesteranus by use of big bags of fermented materials |
| CN104350944A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-02-18 | 兰云海 | Pollution-free pleurotus geesteranus cultivation method |
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| CN103739348A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-23 | 柳城新天地生态农业发展有限公司 | Pleurotus geesteranus high-yield strain |
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