CN103370028A - 用于喷射具有分散磨粒的液体清洁剂的喷嘴 - Google Patents

用于喷射具有分散磨粒的液体清洁剂的喷嘴 Download PDF

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CN103370028A
CN103370028A CN2011800545239A CN201180054523A CN103370028A CN 103370028 A CN103370028 A CN 103370028A CN 2011800545239 A CN2011800545239 A CN 2011800545239A CN 201180054523 A CN201180054523 A CN 201180054523A CN 103370028 A CN103370028 A CN 103370028A
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D·穆勒
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3415—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with swirl imparting inserts upstream of the swirl chamber
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C17/00—Devices for cleaning, polishing, rinsing or drying teeth, teeth cavities or prostheses; Saliva removers; Dental appliances for receiving spittle
    • A61C17/005—Devices for dental prophylaxis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
    • B05B15/14—Arrangements for preventing or controlling structural damage to spraying apparatus or its outlets, e.g. for breaking at desired places; Arrangements for handling or replacing damaged parts
    • B05B15/18—Arrangements for preventing or controlling structural damage to spraying apparatus or its outlets, e.g. for breaking at desired places; Arrangements for handling or replacing damaged parts for improving resistance to wear, e.g. inserts or coatings; for indicating wear; for handling or replacing worn parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
    • B24C5/02—Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials
    • B24C5/04—Nozzles therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C3/00—Dental tools or instruments
    • A61C3/02—Tooth drilling or cutting instruments; Instruments acting like a sandblast machine
    • A61C3/025—Instruments acting like a sandblast machine, e.g. for cleaning, polishing or cutting teeth

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  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

为了避免研磨介质的堵塞，喷嘴包括这样的元件，该元件用于使清洁剂的通过射流成圆形涡流，且结合其元件的限定柔性，与介质的波动流一起引起振动，该振动不断地导致剥落粘附的残余物。

Description

用于喷射具有分散磨粒的液体清洁剂的喷嘴
技术领域
本发明涉及喷嘴，该喷嘴不能容易地被清洁剂或水的流中的研磨介质堵塞或磨损。
发明背景
迄今用于利用包含研磨介质的清洁剂喷丸处理的喷嘴具有这样的直径，所述直径被确定尺寸为粒子的直径的倍数以用于避免堵塞。
然而，该清洁方法的研磨效果取决于清洁流体的压力。这部分地取决于压力泵的功率，但是也取决于由入口和喷出口的规格之间的比产生的压缩比。
为此不但喷嘴尽可能细是优选的：更细的压力射流也导致更尖锐的轮廓切割或侵蚀，这也通常是目的所在。
与这样的***相反，其中空气或气体射流通过喷嘴挤压研磨组分，如喷砂处理或喷丸处理或者使用压缩气体作为更细研磨介质的载体，例如用于牙齿清洁（参见美国专利4.608.018、4.540.365、4.462.803、4.482.322、4.595.365、5.094.615、5.186.625、5.558.474、5.733.174、5.746.596、5.857.851、5.857.900、5.918.817、6.485.304、6.752.685、6.837.709、6.935.576和6.964.569）的情况下已知的，以及关于用于喷射液体和气体或压缩空气的组合物的喷嘴（如US4.253.610、4.776.794、5.203.698、5.385.304、5.551.909、5.553.784和5.595.346），采用混合到液体介质中的不溶粒子也是阻塞并因此破坏这样的装置的主要原因。
现有技术
然而，存在众所周知的措施，其能在一定程度上解决问题：典型范例是用尽可能硬且耐磨损和撕裂的材料（即高度压缩的陶瓷、红宝石或金刚石）制造具有平坦且光滑的壁的喷嘴，如EP0.476.632B1中详细地发现的以及还在US4.252.768、4.545.157、5.052.624和US7.757.971中发现的。
对此的少数例外情况之一在US4.494.698中，类似地在US4.611.759中发现，这些美国专利描述了由PU制成的喷嘴，该喷嘴为通过研磨介质喷射而提供，然而，已知该喷嘴仅适于在脱硫厂的排气口中喷射石膏乳。
另一方面，超硬材料是昂贵的并且它们的处理是复杂的，即使仅对喷嘴孔实施，或者当用该材料加衬它们的壁时，如DE3528137A1和US5.335.459中建议的。
避免采用超硬材料的可能方法是用其他介质的围绕流缓冲研磨介质，以便防止喷嘴壁的磨损，如EP0258242B1（权利要求2），EP0573957B1，US4.478.368、4.707.952、5.018.317、5.601.478、6.077.152、6.824.453和US6.846.211中所建议的。
其他建议是在薄板喷嘴的情况下使研磨射流通过管道顺畅地输送（DE同19649921、EP0691183B1、US5.169.065）和/或沿着喷嘴壁以层流引导该研磨射流（DE3622292A1），或者通过加速中心射流而减少与该研磨射流的接触，这将保持研磨射流会聚在管状壁内（DE19640921C1和US5.056.718）。
然而，不可避免的湍流常常使得这样的措施的效果在几毫米路途之后几乎无效。
另一个尝试通过在喷嘴出口处将研磨物质（means）注入到射流中而进行（US6.119.964）。然而，如可预见到的，辐射质量必定通过该措施被强烈削弱，同时进行有规律的最大努力以获得均匀的喷流型式，如DE102006015805A1中所述的。
其他建议涉及像US4.945688用挺杆机械地，或用介质的压力波动（US5.312.040）或用附加的液体或滤液（US5.226.565）或再次用气体压力（见上）顺序地清洁喷嘴。
而且，通过将多孔材料制成的喷嘴的内壁在高压下装入容纳润滑剂的腔室来试图润滑该内壁（US5.921.456和6.688.947），该润滑可能非常复杂。其他方案涉及喷嘴的快速替换性（EP0.810.038B1、EP0.526.087A1以及US7.762.812和6.601.783），或者结合喷嘴和混合室（US5.114.766），其效果好像是可疑的。
用尽可能硬的材料制造过去的喷嘴结构以便减少它们的磨损的用于过去的喷嘴结构的上述范例也将转移到具有低压的装置，直到被施加研磨组分。
然而，对于比较低压（喷嘴处为4至10巴）情况下的应用和有限的清洁强度的应用，例如移除生物膜，这些措施看来不足够复杂，然而这里特别地堵塞喷嘴的风险由于水包含研磨组分而非常高。因此，由于充分耐久的喷嘴的高成本，这样的清洁设备迄今对于消费者范围仍不可实行。
待解决的技术问题
因此发明的任务在于找出具有规则的或低成本材料的喷嘴设计，该喷嘴设计将在作为用于包含研磨介质的流体的喷射嘴应用时避免堵塞和快速磨损。
解决问题方法-发明步骤
关于可能的堵塞的作用变量是喷嘴几何形状。虽然一方面显然的是其中由于缺少足够的流动介质沉积物而可能粘附的“死体积”将被避免，但是在管收缩中不同的压力区和由湍流引起的旋涡回流不能如此容易地被研究，并且因此仅被不完全地理解且在计算机模拟中仅能不充分地表示。虽然这些对于喷射微粒在管的壁和喷嘴处的堆积至关重要，但是迄今为止它们可以在没有很多花费的情况下仅被从沉积物来追溯地分析。
由于上述范例，制度上对用于调查与由硬陶瓷等制成的喷嘴相关的有关条件进行研究，然而，发明的方法基于通过简单手段，即，通过用于原位观察流动姿势的由丙烯酸玻璃制成的喷嘴的研究。令人惊讶地发现了：与具有相似的横截面和表面平滑度的硬得多的金属喷嘴相比较存在大体上较小的沉积物并且也存在较少的磨损。
这被认可以履行任务从而以这样的经济的方式实施喷嘴，从而喷嘴避免了堵塞，即使喷嘴的直径仅没比介质内的稳固组分的粒度大多少。
发明步骤遵循从实验获得的理解：喷嘴的材料必须在微观尺度具有一定柔性，以在适当压力的水流中的湍流下使它本身变形，因此通过振动从它们的壁释放堆积的粒子。此外发现，喷嘴的磨损和撕裂也被减少，如果它们由稍微柔性的材料而不是硬材料构成。
两者显然是基于以下事实：介质中的湍流和主压力的周期不规则导致共振效应，该共振效应释放或防止喷嘴处可能的堆积。
这可以与在喷嘴中采用发声器的常规措施相当。然而，硬喷嘴中振动的传递由于高周期共振而仅在低振幅下在非常高频范围内有效，并且因此似乎是不太有希望，因为忽视了用于此过程的高得多的花费。
发明内容
因此本发明的一个实施方式包括由半硬塑料制成的喷嘴，所述半硬塑料例如是标准PMMA，这避免了昂贵的材料和费力的制造方法。此外，由于它们的低成本，如必要的话，这样的喷嘴可以简单地被替换。
另一实施方式关于喷嘴的几何形状：
发现，旋涡运动是有利的，该旋涡运动被近似地感应到压缩区的前方并且然后沿着侧壁向上尽可能层状地被引导到喷嘴孔，该喷嘴孔本身在0.5mm的壁厚内被以45°倾斜。
因此，与使具有直薄层的流平滑的传统的结构和思想相反，已构造出这样的喷嘴，其中，扭曲的薄片或螺杆式引导件将当前流变换成压缩区中的涡流以进入直通道并且在倾斜孔中再展开，因此形成高速粒子的细喷射锥。
这在常规的结构中通常不能进行，这是因为薄片和螺杆形螺旋锥通常在施加包含接近它们的键槽的尺寸的磨粒的介质时非常容易被堵塞。
但是由湍流引起的振动结合所施加的材料的有关的柔性显然激发将其运走的气流。
附图中发明的详细说明
在图1中，介质进入入口软管3以通过末端6中的钻孔或狭槽7引到被保持在壳体2中的喷嘴单元1，从而被引入压力室8中，其中由轴10保持的螺杆式旋转主体11或扭曲薄片18通入锥形压缩室12中。
封闭在其中并且通过转动湍流加速的介质通过导槽13被压出而进入锥形倾斜孔14。
因此具体地对于使用磨粒的洗牙来说，喷嘴口14处的射流被再次展开以形成圆锥形喷流。
图2示出了具有相似效果的更简单的可生产变型：这里，平行薄片18的筒状旋转主体获得转动湍流，通过该湍流具有磨粒的介质进入压缩室17中，该压缩室如图1中所示穿过导槽通入倾斜孔。
引用专利列表
它们引用的顺序                         以字母和数字排序
Figure BDA00003179390900041
Figure BDA00003179390900051

Claims (9)

1.一种用于喷射具有研磨成分的介质的喷嘴，所述介质在从4至10巴的压力下喷射，其中，所述喷嘴由半刚性塑料构成，所述半刚性塑料如为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）或硬PVC。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于喷射具有研磨成分的介质的喷嘴，其中，螺旋旋转主体布置在所述介质进入压缩区之前。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于喷射具有研磨成分的介质的喷嘴，其中，所述螺旋主体配置在偏离轴线25°至45°的锥形管中。
4.根据权利要求2所述的用于喷射具有研磨成分的介质的喷嘴，其中，所述螺旋主体在其最大直径以毫米计时包含多匝（±1）。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于喷射具有研磨成分的介质的喷嘴，其中，在非锥形的螺旋主体后方的压缩区相对于喷嘴轴线以15°至20°收缩。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于喷射具有研磨成分的介质的喷嘴，其中，喷嘴管在压缩区的端部直到孔出口之间直线地延伸。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于喷射具有研磨成分的介质的喷嘴，其中，喷嘴口以40°至50°渐缩。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用于喷射具有研磨成分的介质的喷嘴，其中，所述喷嘴口在最大1毫米的壁厚内形成。
9.根据权利要求1所述的用于喷射具有研磨成分的介质的喷嘴，其中，喷嘴管的壁、压缩室和膨胀室被抛光。
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CN110193432A (zh) * 2018-02-27 2019-09-03 阿贝尔服务 用于分配***的具有台阶式涡流室的分配头
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EP2490614A1 (en) 2012-08-29
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