CN103267650B - Model test gravity field simulation device and method based on permanent magnet - Google Patents
Model test gravity field simulation device and method based on permanent magnet Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a model test gravity field simulation device and method based on permanent magnets, wherein the device comprises a gravity field simulation platform and a core magnetic field generator; the core magnetic field generator comprises a direct-current power supply, a permanent magnet cylindrical magnet and a gradient field coil, wherein the gradient field coil comprises an A gradient field coil and a B gradient field coil; permanent magnet cylindric magnet, A gradient field coil and B gradient field coil are coaxial fixed, and A gradient field coil and B gradient field coil all overlap and establish outside permanent magnet cylindric magnet, A gradient field coil and B gradient field coil have the clearance in the axial, and A gradient field coil and B gradient field coil have the electric current field that the size is the same, the direction is opposite when circular telegram. Based on the principle of field similarity, the method simulates the gravity field by utilizing the similarity of the electromagnetic force field and the gravity field and through the superposed field of the electromagnetic force field and the gravity field of the magnetic sensitive rock-soil body similar material in the uniform gradient magnetic field, thereby achieving the effect of simulating the n times of the gravity field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of model test gravity field analogue means based on permanent magnet and method, belong to Geotechnical Engineering magnetic Gravity Models experimental technique.
Background technology
Geotechnical Engineering model test carries out reduced scale to specific engineering geological problems so that a kind of method of experimental study according to the principle of similitude, has been widely used for studying deformation form, stability safety and failure mechanism etc. under the effect of the structure such as various buildings and ground, underground chamber, high slope outer load at present.The construction technology of Geotechnical Engineering model test energy simulate engineering, and the mode of action of load and time effect etc., the stressed overall process of energy research engineering.Conventional Geotechnical Engineering model test is in the gravity field of 1 times, by geometric similarity, prototype size is reduced n and doubly carries out simulation test, in the research of hard brittle material simulation test, obtain comparatively ten-strike.But for simulation soil body material, due in traditional gravity field, in model, the stress level of each point is more much lower than prototype, and many stress-strain relations of the soil body particularly nonlinear relationship can not obtain real embodiment in a model.
Geotechnical centrifugal model test is based on the principle with centrifugal intertia force field stimulation gravity field, by being applied to the centrifugal intertia force on model, the unit weight of model is become large, thus the stress of each point in model and prototype are reached unanimity, this feature makes the difference creating essence between centrifugal model and conventional model test.Geotechnical centrifugal model test obtains qualitative leap in reduction test difficulty and raising test findings reliability, current built various large geotechnical centrifuge both at home and abroad.But because the acceleration of centrifuge modelling test changes along with the distance apart from rotation axis, the line of force direction simulated is not parallel to each other, meanwhile, the Coriolis acceleration produced in reinforced process also can cause centrifugal model error.
The new model of current Geotechnical Engineering model investigation mainly concentrates simulation aspect on the scene, use for reference the principle utilizing external force field simulated gravity field, utilize field similarity theory to carry out more deep research to Geotechnical Engineering modeling techniques, seek more advanced means and the development of technology to Geotechnical Engineering model test theory is very necessary.Wherein the test of Geotechnical Engineering magnetic Gravity Models be exactly one of newly-developed can the test method of simulate n times gravity field, its central principle is exactly the similarity according to electromagnetic force field and gravity field, and electromagnetic force field Magnetic similar material be subject in the electromagnetic field environment of high strength height uniform gradient is to simulate n gravity field doubly.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of model test gravity field analogue means based on permanent magnet and method, this device can provide high strength uniform magnetic field and the superimposed gravity field simulated environment of high gradient electromagnetic field, be placed in the gravity field simulated environment obtained by model table Magnetic similar material made, n times of gravity field is simulated in the electromagnetic force field be then subject to by Magnetic similar material and the superposition of material self gravitation field.
Technical scheme: for achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
Based on the model test gravity field analogue means of permanent magnet, comprise gravity field simulation table and core magnetic field generator;
Described core magnetic field generator comprises direct supply, permanent magnet tubular magnet and gradient field coil, and described gradient field coil comprises A gradient field coil and B gradient field coil; Described permanent magnet tubular magnet, A gradient field coil and B gradient field coil are coaxially fixed, and A gradient field coil and B gradient field coil are all set in that permanent magnet tubular magnet is outer, A gradient field coil and B gradient field coil exist gap in the axial direction; Described direct supply is electrically connected by wire with A gradient field coil and B gradient field coil, and during energising, A gradient field coil and B gradient field coil have the current field that size is identical, direction is contrary;
Described gravity field simulation table comprises loaded seat and support, and described loaded seat is fixed on permanent magnet cartridge type magnet inside bottom, and described core magnetic field generator is rack-mount.
Concrete, described support comprises gradient field coil fixed bin and nylon rod pillar, and described gradient field coil fixed bin comprises A gradient field coil fixed bin and B gradient field coil fixed bin; Offer the A through hole of adaptive permanent magnet tubular magnet in the middle part of described A gradient field coil fixed bin, described A through hole madial wall is provided with the A groove of adaptive A gradient field coil; Offer the B through hole of adaptive permanent magnet tubular magnet in the middle part of described B gradient field coil fixed bin, described B through hole madial wall is provided with the B groove of adaptive B gradient field coil; Described A gradient field coil is arranged in A groove, and described B gradient field coil is arranged in B groove, and the two ends of described permanent magnet tubular magnet are inserted in A through hole and B through hole respectively; Fixed by nylon rod pillar between described A gradient field coil fixed bin and B gradient field coil fixed bin.Described gradient field coil fixed bin can be processed by epoxy resin board and adopt high-strength solid gum to be bonded; High-strength solid gum is preferably adopted to be adhesively fixed between nylon rod pillar and gradient field coil fixed bin.
Preferably, described support is non-magnetic sensitivity material, such as adopts epoxy resin material sheet material as gradient coil fixed bin.
Preferably, described permanent magnet tubular magnet is made up of NdFeB magnetic powder, and the residual magnetic flux density of described NdFeB magnetic powder is not less than 9500Gs, and coercive force is not less than 2500Oe; The height of decision design permanent magnet tubular magnet is not less than 2.0 with the ratio of its mean diameter.
As prior art, A gradient field coil and B gradient field coil all centered by structure with circular hole, during specific design, can limit by following size: A gradient field coil and the measure-alike and end play between the two of B gradient field coil are about 1.7 times of its mean radius, such as 1.73205 times of mean radiuss.Preferably, described A gradient field coil and B gradient field coil are all entwined by copper conductor using glass-reinforced plastic material as skeleton; The making of A gradient field coil and B gradient field coil can be carried out as follows: A gradient field coil and B gradient field coil carry out uniform winding by equidirectional radial and axial by copper conductor, like this, in order to when ensureing to be energized, A gradient field coil has with B gradient field coil the current field that size is identical, direction is contrary, when wiring, A gradient field coil and B gradient field coil are by wire differential concatenation and be connected with B direct supply; Electric current distributes along sectional uniform, and direction of current and rotational symmetry direction form right-handed helix relation.
Preferably, described loaded seat is built by strong concrete and is formed, and described concrete strength is not less than C100, and curing age is not less than 30 days.
Based on a test method for the model test gravity field analogue means of permanent magnet, comprise the steps:
(1) input end of direct supply access external power, output terminal are connected with B gradient field coil with A gradient field coil respectively;
(2) core field region be in permanent magnet cartridge type magnet loaded seat with upper part, the intensity of core field region, for be formed by stacking by axial uniform magnetic field and axial gradient field, controls axial gradient field size by regulating the output current size of direct supply;
(3) in gravity field simulation table core field region, the test model made by Magnetic similar material is installed, and installation testing sensor;
(4) open the switch of direct supply, and regulate the output current value of direct supply until magnetic field environment required for producing; Now core field region possesses axial uniform magnetic field and axial gradient field simultaneously, and sample in core field region, be subject to electromagnetic force and self gravitation superposes to simulate n times of gravity field;
(5) carry out correlation test, the output current value of direct supply is monitored simultaneously, ensure that the magnetic field environment of core field region meets the demands all the time;
(6) after having tested, the current output value of direct supply is adjusted to zero, then closes the switch of direct supply, take out sample, terminate test.
In general, described direct supply is the adjustable DC power supply of power frequency way of full-wave rectification.
Beneficial effect: the model test gravity field analogue means based on permanent magnet provided by the invention and method, to compare prior art, possesses following advantage: can be widely used in the test of magnetic Gravity Models as core gravitational field simulation device, permanent magnet cartridge type magnet produces to be stablized and uniform high uniform magnetic field, can be simulated the gravity field of different size by the electric current of regulating gradient field coil easily simultaneously; Core field region has high strength uniform magnetic field and high uniform gradient magnetic field, and high uniform gradient magnetic field can ensure the similar of institute's simulated gravity field and A/W field, can simulate higher gravity field simultaneously; High strength uniform magnetic field can ensure adopted Magnetic similar material saturated magnetization in magnetic field environment, and the magnetic field can eliminated because producing after material magnetization is to the interference in experimental enviroment magnetic field; Adopt static magnetic field simulated gravity field, due to high-speed rotary then the construction simulation process difficult caused when overcoming traditional centrifugal model test simulated gravity field well, the defects such as difficulty installed by sensor simultaneously; By field of magnetic forece simulated gravity field, being applied through of gravity field regulates the size of electric current to complete instantaneously, overcomes centrifugal model test and applies gravity field and need certain hour section and the test error that causes; Adopt permanent magnet cartridge type magnet to produce high strength uniform magnetic field, constant high strength uniform magnetic field can be produced, overcome when adopting coil simulation high strength uniform magnetic field due to the conductor overheating gravity field simulation table damage caused that causes wire fuse simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 of the present inventionly faces structural representation;
Fig. 2 is plan structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is side-looking structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is x-x sectional structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is y-y sectional structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is z-z sectional structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is p-p sectional structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
In figure: 1, permanent magnet cartridge type magnet, 2A, A gradient field coil, 2B, B gradient field coil, 3, direct supply, 4, gravity field simulation table, 5A, A gradient field coil fixed bin, 5B, B gradient field coil fixed bin, 6, nylon rod pillar, 7, loaded seat, 8, wire.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, for a kind of based on the model test gravity field analogue means of permanent magnet, gravity field simulation table 4 and core magnetic field generator is comprised.
Described core magnetic field generator comprises direct supply 3, permanent magnet tubular magnet 1 and gradient field coil, and described gradient field coil comprises A gradient field coil 2A and B gradient field coil 2B; Described permanent magnet tubular magnet 1, A gradient field coil 2A and B gradient field coil 2B coaxially fix, and A gradient field coil 2A and B gradient field coil 2B is all set in, and permanent magnet tubular magnet 1 is outer, A gradient field coil 2A and B gradient field coil 2B exists gap in the axial direction; Described direct supply 3 is electrically connected by wire 8 with A gradient field coil 2A and B gradient field coil 2B, and during energising, A gradient field coil 2A has with B gradient field coil 2B the current field that size is identical, direction is contrary.
Described permanent magnet tubular magnet 1 is made up of NdFeB magnetic powder, and the residual magnetic flux density of described NdFeB magnetic powder is not less than 9500Gs, and coercive force is not less than 2500Oe; The height of permanent magnet tubular magnet 1 is not less than 2.0 with the ratio of its mean diameter, and permanent magnet cartridge type magnet 1 interior diameter is 500mm, and overall diameter is 900mm.
Described A gradient field coil 2A and B gradient field coil 2B presses equidirectional by copper conductor and is wound around composition, and coil winding all adopts glass-reinforced plastic material as skeleton, to ensure the physical strength of coil; A gradient field coil and B gradient field coil measure-alike, there is identical copper conductor be wound around the number of turn, its internal diameter is 905mm, and external diameter is 1205mm, and it is highly 200mm that copper conductor is wound around, end play between A gradient field coil and B gradient field coil is 1.73205 times of its mean radius, i.e. 914mm.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 shows, permanent magnet cartridge type magnet 1 produces high uniform magnetic field at core field region, size simultaneously by regulating the electric current of direct supply 3 output size to regulate core field region magnetic field gradient, the described vertical magnetic field of core field region has higher linear gradient and higher uniform magnetic field, and radial magnetic field size is basically identical; Here, the adjustable DC power supply that direct supply 3 is power frequency way of full-wave rectification is designed; Core field region uniform magnetic field size as shown in the table and gradient magnetic size and direct supply electric current export corresponding relation.
Table 1 core field region uniform magnetic field size and gradient magnetic size and direct supply electric current export corresponding relation
Described loaded seat 7 is built by strong concrete and is formed, and described concrete strength is not less than C100, and curing age is not less than 30 days; Its diameter is slightly less than the internal diameter of permanent magnet tubular magnet 1, is specially diameter 480mm, height 250mm.
Described gravity field simulation table 4 comprises support, and described core magnetic field generator and core assay platform are installed on support; Described support comprises gradient field coil fixed bin and nylon rod pillar 6, and described gradient field coil fixed bin comprises A gradient field coil fixed bin 5A and B gradient field coil fixed bin 5B; Offer the A through hole of adaptive permanent magnet tubular magnet 1 in the middle part of described A gradient field coil fixed bin 5A, described A through hole madial wall is provided with the A groove of adaptive A gradient field coil 2A; Offer the B through hole of adaptive permanent magnet tubular magnet 1 in the middle part of described B gradient field coil fixed bin 5B, described B through hole madial wall is provided with the B groove of adaptive B gradient field coil 2B; Described A gradient field coil 2A is arranged in A groove, and described B gradient field coil 2B is arranged in B groove, and the two ends of described permanent magnet tubular magnet 1 are inserted in A through hole and B through hole respectively; High-strength solid gum is adopted to be adhesively fixed by nylon rod pillar 6 between described A gradient field coil fixed bin 5A and B gradient field coil fixed bin 5B.Here, gradient field coil fixed bin is processed by epoxy resin board and is adopted high-strength solid gum to be bonded, and in order to ensure enough physical strengths, the degree of depth of described epoxy resin more than plate thickness 8mm, A groove and B groove is not more than 3mm; For ensureing the physical strength connected, the diameter of nylon rod pillar 6 is not less than 80mm, and length will ensure that the spacing between A gradient field coil 2A and B gradient field coil 2B meets erecting shop distance, is 1.73205 times of mean radiuss.
Based on a test method for the model test gravity field analogue means of permanent magnet, comprise the steps:
(1) input end of direct supply 3 access peripheral hardware 220V power supply, output terminal are connected with B gradient field coil 2B with A gradient field coil 2A respectively;
(2) core field region be in permanent magnet cartridge type magnet 1 loaded seat 7 with upper part, the intensity of core field region, for be formed by stacking by axial uniform magnetic field and axial gradient field, controls axial gradient field size by regulating the output current size of direct supply 3;
(3) in gravity field simulation table core field region, the test model made by Magnetic similar material is installed, and installation testing sensor;
(4) open the switch of direct supply 3, and regulate the output current value of direct supply 3 until magnetic field environment required for producing; The adjustment of electric current can be carried out according to table 1; Now core field region possesses axial uniform magnetic field and axial gradient field simultaneously, and sample in core field region, be subject to electromagnetic force and self gravitation superposes to simulate n times of gravity field;
(5) carry out correlation test, the output current value of direct supply 3 is monitored simultaneously, ensure that the magnetic field environment of core field region meets the demands all the time;
(6) after having tested, the current output value of direct supply 3 is adjusted to zero, then closes the switch of direct supply 3, take out sample, terminate test.
The high strength uniform magnetic field intensity of described core field region is produced by permanent magnet cartridge type magnet 1, and high uniform gradient magnetic field controls by regulating the electric current of described direct supply 3 to export.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; be noted that for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. based on the model test gravity field analogue means of permanent magnet, it is characterized in that: comprise gravity field simulation table (4) and core magnetic field generator;
Described core magnetic field generator comprises direct supply (3), permanent magnet tubular magnet (1) and gradient field coil, and described gradient field coil comprises A gradient field coil (2A) and B gradient field coil (2B); Described permanent magnet tubular magnet (1), A gradient field coil (2A) and B gradient field coil (2B) are coaxially fixed, and A gradient field coil (2A) and B gradient field coil (2B) be all set in permanent magnet tubular magnet (1) outward, there is gap in the axial direction in A gradient field coil (2A) and B gradient field coil (2B); Described direct supply (3) is electrically connected by wire (8) with A gradient field coil (2A) and B gradient field coil (2B), and during energising, A gradient field coil (2A) has with B gradient field coil (2B) current field that size is identical, direction is contrary;
Described gravity field simulation table (4) comprises loaded seat (7) and support, and described loaded seat (7) is fixed on permanent magnet cartridge type magnet (1) inside bottom, and described core magnetic field generator is rack-mount;
Described support comprises gradient field coil fixed bin and nylon rod pillar (6), and described gradient field coil fixed bin comprises A gradient field coil fixed bin (5A) and B gradient field coil fixed bin (5B); The A through hole of adaptive permanent magnet tubular magnet (1) is offered at described A gradient field coil fixed bin (5A) middle part, and described A through hole madial wall is provided with the A groove of adaptive A gradient field coil (2A); The B through hole of adaptive permanent magnet tubular magnet (1) is offered at described B gradient field coil fixed bin (5B) middle part, and described B through hole madial wall is provided with the B groove of adaptive B gradient field coil (2B); Described A gradient field coil (2A) is arranged in A groove, and described B gradient field coil (2B) is arranged in B groove, and the two ends of described permanent magnet tubular magnet (1) are inserted in A through hole and B through hole respectively; Fixed by nylon rod pillar (6) between described A gradient field coil fixed bin (5A) and B gradient field coil fixed bin (5B).
2. the model test gravity field analogue means based on permanent magnet according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described gradient field coil fixed bin is epoxy resin board material material.
3. the model test gravity field analogue means based on permanent magnet according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described permanent magnet tubular magnet (1) is made up of NdFeB magnetic powder, the residual magnetic flux density of described NdFeB magnetic powder is not less than 9500Gs, and coercive force is not less than 2500Oe.
4. the model test gravity field analogue means based on permanent magnet according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described A gradient field coil (2A) and B gradient field coil (2B) are all entwined by copper conductor using glass-reinforced plastic material as skeleton.
5. the model test gravity field analogue means based on permanent magnet according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described loaded seat (7) is built by strong concrete and formed, described concrete strength is not less than C100, and curing age is not less than 30 days.
6. the test method of the model test gravity field analogue means based on permanent magnet according to claim 1, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1) input end of direct supply (3) access external power, output terminal are connected with B gradient field coil (2B) with A gradient field coil (2A) respectively;
(2) core field region is that permanent magnet cartridge type magnet (1) interior loaded seat (7) is with upper part, the intensity of core field region, for be formed by stacking by axial uniform magnetic field and axial gradient field, controls axial gradient field size by regulating the output current size of direct supply (3);
(3) in gravity field simulation table core field region, the test model made by Magnetic similar material is installed, and installation testing sensor;
(4) open direct supply (3) switch, and regulate direct supply (3) output current value until produce required for magnetic field environment; Now core field region possesses axial uniform magnetic field and axial gradient field simultaneously, and sample in core field region, be subject to electromagnetic force and self gravitation superposes to simulate n times of gravity field;
(5) carry out correlation test, the output current value of direct supply (3) is monitored simultaneously, ensure that the magnetic field environment of core field region meets the demands all the time;
(6) after having tested, the current output value of direct supply (3) is adjusted to zero, then closes the switch of direct supply (3), take out sample, terminate test.
7. the test method of the model test gravity field analogue means based on permanent magnet according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the adjustable DC power supply that described direct supply (3) is power frequency way of full-wave rectification.
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| CN105548521B (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2017-06-06 | 中国矿业大学 | Gravity field simulation device and method for open type magnetic gravity model test system |
| CN107966363A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-04-27 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of electromagnetic type side slope load testing machine and loading method |
| CN108956301B (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2021-04-02 | 三峡大学 | Device for simulating rock stress condition by adopting acting force of electromagnet and magnetic powder |
| CN110356596B (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2022-08-30 | 上海交通大学 | Device for simulating fluid microgravity environment by using magnetic compensation method |
| CN111576328A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-08-25 | 华北水利水电大学 | Utilize magnetic field force to change laboratory bench of gelatinization sand gravel dam model test piece unit weight |
| CN111855745A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-10-30 | 东南大学 | Electromagnetic type geotechnical engineering hypergravity simulation device and operation method |
| CN111751072A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-10-09 | 东南大学 | Electromagnetic excitation hypergravity shaking table simulation device and simulation method |
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| JP2005294537A (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-20 | Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd | Panel-type coil, uniform magnetic field generator, gradient magnetic field generator and magnetic field canceling device |
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