CN103223476A - Flow-through crystallizer for continuous casting mold for continuous casting - Google Patents

Flow-through crystallizer for continuous casting mold for continuous casting Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103223476A
CN103223476A CN2013100354317A CN201310035431A CN103223476A CN 103223476 A CN103223476 A CN 103223476A CN 2013100354317 A CN2013100354317 A CN 2013100354317A CN 201310035431 A CN201310035431 A CN 201310035431A CN 103223476 A CN103223476 A CN 103223476A
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China
Prior art keywords
crystallizer
straight
sleeve
cooling
pipe
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CN2013100354317A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN103223476B (en
Inventor
F.兰施托费尔
E.赖森贝格尔
H.特内
F.维默尔
U.扎内利
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Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
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Siemens VAI Metals Technologies GmbH Austria
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/055Cooling the moulds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/041Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds for vertical casting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/043Curved moulds

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a flow-through crystallizer for continuous casting mold for continuous casting, which comprises an inner tube, which is open on both sides, and forms a mold cavity along a longitudinal axis; a number of cooling slots arranged in at least one outer surface of the inner tube; a cuff enclosing many cooling slots in a lateral surface of the inner tube; and an outer tube enclosing the inner tube and the cuff in a fluid tight manner, such that a cooling jacket is formed between the inner- and the outer tube. The invention provides a flow-through crystallizer, which permits higer cooling efficiency and has a higher rigidity. The cuff completely encloses the inner tube in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis, and the cuff is connected with the inner tube by joining.

Description

The straight-through crystallizer of continuous pouring continuous casting billet
Technical field
The present invention relates to the straight-through crystallizer that a kind of continuous casting billet that is used for to continuous casting billet, especially having square billet section or bloom section carries out continuous pouring, have
-Nei pipe, described interior pipe forms the molding cavity that opens wide in both sides along longitudinal axis;
-a plurality of cooling grooves in described at least one outer peripheral face of pipe are parallel to described longitudinal axis and extend on the length areas of described cooling groove pipe in described;
-sleeve, described sleeve transverse to described longitudinal axis surround described described in a plurality of cooling grooves in the side face of pipe, thereby make cooling fluid can in the cooling groove, described in, manage and described sleeve between mobile; And
-outer tube, described outer tube surrounds and fluid seal hermetically described in pipe and described sleeve, thereby can in described, manage and described outer tube between form cooling dome.
Background technology
Be used to have the straight-through crystallizer of the continuous casting billet of square billet section or bloom section as can be known by GB 2 177 331 A, wherein said in pipe have a plurality of longitudinally cooling grooves along crystallizer.Its disadvantageously, the rigidity of interior pipe reduces owing to the cooling groove and the cooling fluid that can flow between interior pipe and the outer tube described cooling groove of percolation deficiently.Only reach the desired effects of cooling groove thus, promptly nearby improve the cooling power of crystallizer by the steel that cooling fluid is directed to the liquid state in molding cavity with inadequate degree.
How can further improve described cooling power, can not from described document, learn.
The straight-through crystallizer that has interior pipe and a plurality of water guide plates by DE 10 2,005 059 712 A1 as can be known.Pipe has a plurality of longitudinally cooling grooves along crystallizer, the heat radiation that improves liquation thus in described.Guarantee the described cooling groove of percolation fully by the water guide plate.
Disadvantageously, the rigidity of the construction unit of being made up of the interior pipe and the sleeve of open channels significantly reduces with respect to the interior Guan Eryan of open channels not with regard to this solution.
Summary of the invention
Task of the present invention is to overcome the shortcoming of prior art and realizes a kind of straight-through crystallizer, and it allows higher cooling power and said crystallizer to have high rigidity.
The straight-through crystallizer of the type that this task is mentioned by a kind of beginning solves, said sleeve in the Normal plane of described longitudinal axis, surround fully described in pipe, and described sleeve is connected with described interior the pipe by the connection measure.
Look back, guarantee on the one hand that by the simple modification of crystallizer cast direction against continuous casting billet is (promptly in the adverse current with respect to the continuous casting billet that forms, the cooling fluid of the described crystallizer of percolation advantageously particularly mostly from bottom to top), do not walk around the cooling groove and flow, flow but force to pass described cooling groove by means of sleeve.Improve the cooling power of crystallizer thus significantly.On the other hand, described sleeve has been strengthened described interior pipe, described sleeve in the Normal plane of longitudinal axis, surround fully described in pipe and described sleeve by connection measure (for example by bonding, soldering or melting welding) with described in manage and be connected, to such an extent as to the described construction unit of being made up of the interior pipe and the sleeve of open channels does not have significantly reduced rigidity at least.On the one hand since the high relatively rigidity of crystallizer in conjunction with high cooling power, under identical poring rate, obtain thicker continuous casting billet shell, thereby under identical poring rate, improved the operational reliability of conticaster.Under identical specified thickness of strand, poring rate can be improved on the other hand, thereby poring rate can be in conticaster, further improved.This has improved the productivity ratio of conticaster or casting equipment complex.The outer peripheral face of pipe is connected with the inner peripheral surface of sleeve in when connecting measure.The length areas of cooling groove generally is in the zone of meniscus of liquid steel, this length areas preferably the length overall of interior pipe 20% to 100% on extend.
In the favourable embodiment of the crystallizer that is particularly useful for constructing integratedly (the so-called tube type mold that for example has square billet section or bloom section), described sleeve is constructed integratedly, wherein or
-described interior pipe forms interference fit with described sleeve under the running temperature of described straight-through crystallizer; Perhaps
-described in pipe or the sealed ground of copper lattice plate (Kupferkassettenplatte) material of interior pipe (for example by bonding, soldering or melting welding) be connected with described sleeve.Connect by the interference fit between interior pipe and the sleeve or connection measure, the rigidity of the construction unit of being made up of the interior pipe and the sleeve of open channels is greatly improved owing to the side face of interior pipe and the tight connection between the sleeve.
Construct on sleeve split ground alternately to this, and the part of wherein said sleeve is constructed with respect to another part of described sleeve securablely.Can adjust simply at this and to make the part of sleeve with respect to the tensile force (for example pretightning force of screw or screw-down torque) of another part tensioning.The assembling or the dismounting of sleeve and interior pipe have been simplified in addition.
In order to allow the simple importing and the derivation of cooling fluid, advantageously, described straight-through crystallizer is used for that cooling fluid imported to the interface of described cooling dome and has on the upper surface being used for interface that cooling fluid is derived from described cooling dome having on the lower surface.This embodiment has following advantage with respect to the interface of side: cooling fluid is along whole vertical extension percolation crystallizer.
Because the inner peripheral surface of interior pipe be subjected to high temperature load and for improve pass in the heat radiation of pipe, therefore advantageously, pipe is made by copper alloy (having in case of necessity by coating hard, that resistant to elevated temperatures material is made, referring to for example http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cermet) in described.
What meet purpose is that described sleeve and described outer tube are made by steel.
Because pipe taking up wear in described, therefore advantageously, described sleeve removably, for example by at least one Connection Element as being threaded, with described in pipe be connected.Can in changing, reuse sleeve after the pipe thus.Certainly equally alternately, interior pipe is connected with sleeve non-dismountablely, for example by soldering, melting welding or bonding.
In order to make cooling fluid stream redirect to the cooling groove from cooling dome reliably, advantageously, described sleeve has sealing mechanism (for example so-called O shape circle) on its outer peripheral face.Prevent that thus cooling fluid is leaked between sleeve and outer tube.
For the sleeve of split advantageously, described sleeve pass described in split ground structure in the longitudinal axis of the pipe plane of extending.
Can be applicable to straight tube type mold equally according to straight-through crystallizer of the present invention, promptly described interior pipe and described outer tube have straight longitudinal axis, also can be used for crooked tube type mold, and promptly described interior pipe and described outer tube have the longitudinal axis of bending.
Aspect the size of selecting the cooling groove advantageously: but all have the area of first percolation in the whole Normal plane of cooling groove at longitudinal axis; (promptly outside the length areas with cooling groove of interior pipe) in described between pipe and the outer tube but the Normal plane of cooling dome at described longitudinal axis in have the area of second percolation, but but the area of wherein said first percolation the area of described second percolation 50% to 200% between.Alternative may be equally, selects the hydraulic diameter of described cooling groove to be substantially equal to the hydraulic diameter of cooling dome.
Possible in principle is, pipe in described cooling groove be can't help but processed by sleeve.It advantageously can use level and smooth interior pipe (not cooling off groove).But in general simpler is that described groove is for example made by the outer peripheral face of interior pipe by milling.
At the straight-through crystallizer that is used for the continuous casting billet with square billet section or bloom section is carried out continuous pouring, described interior pipe is preferably constructed integratedly.Such crystallizer is called tube type mold.
At the straight-through crystallizer that is used for the continuous casting billet with slab section or sheet billet section is carried out continuous pouring, described interior pipe preferably is made of a plurality of copper lattice plates.At this is not that to force to make described copper lattice plate be the plane; These copper lattice plates (for example being used for the crystallizer of sheet billet) are design agley usually.
Because liquid molten metal has the highest temperature in the zone of meniscus, therefore advantageously, described meniscus is arranged in the described length areas (promptly having in the zone of the interior pipe that cools off groove) the in service of described conticaster.
Description of drawings
Other advantages of the present invention and feature are drawn by the explanation subsequently that non-restrictive example is carried out, and wherein relate to following accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 illustrates the perspective view according to straight-through crystallizer of the present invention;
Fig. 2 illustrates the perspective view according to the interior pipe with sleeve of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 illustrates the perspective view according to the outer tube of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 illustrates the front view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 illustrates front view and the vertical view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 illustrates along the cutaway view of the cutting line B-B of Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 illustrates along the cutaway view of the cutting line C-C of Fig. 5;
Fig. 8 illustrates along the cutaway view of the cutting line D-D of Fig. 5;
Fig. 9 illustrates along the section of the cutting line E-E of Fig. 7;
The diagrammatic sketch of flow direction when Figure 10 is illustrated in percolation cooling groove;
Figure 11 illustrates the perspective view of the half machinery head that is used for billet caster/bloom conticaster;
Figure 12 illustrates the front view of Figure 11;
Figure 13 illustrates along the section of the cutting line A-A of Figure 12;
Figure 14 illustrates the exploded view of Figure 11.
Reference numerals list
1 straight-through crystallizer
Pipe in 2
3 longitudinal axis
4 molding cavities
5 cooling grooves
6 length areas
7 sleeves
8 outer tubes
9 sealing mechanisms
The flow direction of 10 cooling fluids
11a, 11b moisture Distribution Warehouse
12 clamp flanges
13 spring bands
14 hinge bars
15 supporting constructions
16 lifting platforms
17 insert the unit.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1 illustrates the perspective view according to straight-through crystallizer 1 of the present invention, and described straight-through crystallizer is applicable to by molten steel the continuous casting billet with square billet section or bloom section is carried out continuous pouring.Straight crystallizer is shown all the time, but the present invention is not limited to this fully and also can unrestrictedly be applied in the crooked crystallizer in accompanying drawing subsequently.
Straight-through crystallizer 1 has straight interior pipe 2, described in pipe 2 have along longitudinal axis 3 molding cavity that open wide in both sides, that have square billet section or bloom section.Cooling groove 5 in interior pipe 2 and sleeve 7 are hidden by outer tube 8 in Fig. 1, thereby not shown.According to Fig. 1 interior pipe 2 is divided in its four tetrads, wherein divides the plane and pass longitudinal axis 3 extensions respectively.
The flexible program of the sleeve 7 of Fig. 1 shown in Figure 2 and the not split of interior pipe 2.No matter be embodiment not split or split, interior pipe 2 all has a plurality of cooling grooves 5, and described cooling groove extends abreast with respect to longitudinal axis 3 on the length areas 6 of interior pipe 2.The molding cavity shown in Figure 54 of crystallizer has the foursquare cross section of 130x130mm particularly.Described cooling groove has the width of 10mm and to the degree of depth of the 8mm of bottom.Two spacings of cooling off between the groove 5 are 18mm.The thickness of interior pipe is not from being constant and 13 to 15mm in view of the longitudinal axis 3; Pipe has the thickness of 13mm in described in the zone of cooling groove 5, thereby makes that the minimum spacing between molding cavity and the cooling groove is about 5mm.Shown sleeve 7 is constructed integratedly and is had interference fit under the running temperature of described crystallizer between the outer peripheral face of the inner peripheral surface of sleeve 7 and interior pipe 2, thereby makes because the interior pipe 2 that cooling groove 5 weakens supports by sleeve 7.
Fig. 3 illustrates outer tube 8 among Fig. 1 with independent diagrammatic sketch.As in the zone up as seen, described outer tube 8 has level and smooth inner peripheral surface.
Fig. 4 illustrates the front view of Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 illustrates the front view and the vertical view of straight-through crystallizer 1.
Fig. 6 illustrates first cutaway view of straight-through crystallizer 1 along the cutting line B-B of Fig. 5.In this case, interior pipe 2 is made up of four tetrads.Between interior pipe 2 and outer tube 8, there is cooling dome (, therefore being also referred to as the water cover) because in most cases cooling fluid can be used water.But the area of the percolation between interior pipe 2 and outer tube 8 is approximately 2700mm at this 2
Section along cutting line C-C shown in Figure 7.This shows that on the one hand, sleeve 7 surrounds the interior pipe 2 with cooling groove 5.On the other hand, sleeve 7 is surrounded by outer tube 8, thereby makes these three members 2,7,8 support mutually.Excessive notch stress in interior pipe 2 has been avoided in the design of the cooling groove by having semicircular base.As especially from finding out Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, advantageously, be parallel to longitudinal axis 3 in the length areas with cooling groove 5 of the interior pipe 2 that does not have the cooling groove, interior pipe 2 with do not have between the interior pipe 2 of cooling groove continuous transition part is set.This measure also can reduce notch stress.But the summation of the area of the percolation of cooling groove 5 between interior pipe 2 and outer tube 8 is approximately 2200mm at this 2
The hydraulic diameter d of cooling dome The H-cooling domeHydraulic diameter d with the cooling groove H-cools off grooveAlso be roughly similar, d wherein H-cools off groove=0.93 xd The H-cooling dome
Fig. 8 illustrates along the section of the cutting line D-D of Fig. 5.
Fig. 9 illustrates along the vertical section of the cutting line E-E of Fig. 7.Details to this illustrates in Figure 10 enlargedly, therefrom as can be seen, cooling fluid how basically from bottom to top, promptly against the vertical described cooling dome of cast direction percolation that extends from top to bottom.In the lower zone of crystallizer, cooling fluid extend vertically upward until it redirect to by sleeve 7 cooling groove 5 in.In the length areas with cooling groove 5 of interior pipe 2, described cooling fluid once more perpendicular upwards flow in it redirect to after sleeve stops once more, manage 2 and outer tube 8 between the cooling dome of script in.The flow direction of liquid illustrates by arrow 10 in this accompanying drawing.
Figure 11 to 13 shows half of the head that is used for conticaster that square billet continuous casting billet and bloom continuous casting billet are poured into a mould, and it comprises the supporting construction 15 of the chilled straight-through crystallizer 1 that removably is connected with lifting platform 16, fixed-site and is used to make lifting platform 16 together with the oscillation device of crystallizer 1 with respect to supporting construction 15 vibrations.
The interior pipe 2 of straight-through crystallizer 1 has cooling groove 5 along at least 90% of the length overall of interior pipe 2, thus make crystallizer cooling power since the little wall thickness between the steel of bottom of cooling off groove 5 and the liquid state in the molding cavity 4 improve.For the rigidity that improves crystallizer and guarantee that purposively guide cooling water passes described cooling groove, interior pipe 2 is connected with sleeve 7 by interference fit or shrink-fit under the running temperature of crystallizer 1.In pipe 2, sleeve 7 and outer tube 8 with moisture Distribution Warehouse 11a, 11b form and insert unit (being also referred to as " Cartridge "), described insertion unit can simply and apace be changed.
Described insertion unit is connected with lifting platform 16, and described lifting platform can vibrate with respect to supporting construction 15 by at least one hinge bar 14 with unshowned vibration drive unit (for example hydraulic cylinder, eccentric shaft, electric linear drive apparatus etc.).
The percolation direction of cooling fluid is shown specifically in Figure 12.Described cooling fluid flow into the moisture Distribution Warehouse 11a from the supporting construction 15 of fixed-site through unshowned bindiny mechanism flexibly (for example flexible pipe).Therefrom in the cooling dome of liquid between outer tube 8 and sleeve 7 downwards (direction of arrow 10) flow and turn in the bottom of crystallizer.The discharge direction against continuous casting billet makes progress percolation (also referring to Figure 13 in the cooling groove 5 of cooling water between interior pipe 2 and sleeve 7 subsequently, the layout of pipe 2, sleeve 7 and outer tube 8 in it shows), and in the upper end of crystallizer 1 after turning to, another time enter into moisture Distribution Warehouse 11b.Therefrom, warmed-up cooling water (be incorporated among the moisture Distribution Warehouse 11a similarly mode) from moisture Distribution Warehouse 11b, derive.
Can consult EP 2 524 746 A1 and with reference to its content about oscillation device with four spring bands 13 that surround lifting platform 16 circlewise.
Exploded view in Figure 14 illustrates, and the insertion mentioned above unit of being made up of interior pipe 2, sleeve 7, outer tube 8 and moisture Distribution Warehouse 11a, 11b 17 can take out when specification conversion or maintenance simply.After this is disassembling clamp flange 12, described insertion unit is upwards taken out.Behind the insertion unit 17 of packing into new, utilize flange 12 to be fixed on the lifting platform 16 it, thereby make cast move the recovery of in of short duration, to have no progeny.Interior pipe 2 with cooling groove 5 can extrude from sleeve in the workshop, and inserts new interior pipe 2.
Although the present invention has at length been undertaken setting forth further and illustrating by preferred embodiment; but the present invention is not limited to disclosed embodiment, and those skilled in the art can therefrom derive other flexible program and not break away from protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (15)

1. the straight-through crystallizer (1) that the continuous casting billet that is used for to continuous casting billet, especially having square billet section or bloom section carries out continuous pouring has
-Nei manages (2), and described interior pipe forms the molding cavity (4) that opens wide in both sides along longitudinal axis (3);
-a plurality of cooling grooves (5) in described at least one outer peripheral face of pipe (2), described cooling groove is managed in described and is parallel to described longitudinal axis (3) extension on the length areas (6) of (2);
-sleeve (7), described sleeve is enclosed in the interior a plurality of cooling grooves (5) of side face of described interior pipe (2) transverse to described longitudinal axis (3), thereby it is mobile to make cooling fluid to manage in described between (2) and the described sleeve (7) in cooling groove (5); And
-outer tube (8), described outer tube surrounds and fluid seals described interior pipe (2) and described sleeve (7) hermetically, forms cooling dome thereby can manage in described between (2) and the described outer tube (8);
It is characterized in that, described sleeve (7) in the Normal plane of described longitudinal axis (3), surround fully described in pipe (2), and described sleeve (7) by the connection measure with described in manage (2) and be connected.
2. by the described straight-through crystallizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that described sleeve (7) is constructed integratedly, wherein, perhaps
-described interior pipe (2) forms interference fit with described sleeve (7) under the running temperature of described straight-through crystallizer (1); Perhaps
-described interior pipe (2) material is connected with described sleeve (7) sealedly.
3. by the described straight-through crystallizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sleeve (7) split ground structure, the part of wherein said sleeve (7) is constructed with respect to another part of described sleeve (7) securablely.
4. by each described straight-through crystallizer in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that described straight-through crystallizer (1) has the interface that is used for cooling fluid is imported to described cooling dome on the lower surface.
5. by each described straight-through crystallizer in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that described straight-through crystallizer (1) has and is used for interface that cooling fluid is derived from described cooling dome on the upper surface.
6. by each described straight-through crystallizer in the claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that described interior pipe (2) is made by copper alloy.
7. by each described straight-through crystallizer in the claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that described sleeve (7) and described outer tube (8) are formed from steel.
8. by each described straight-through crystallizer in the claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that described sleeve (7) has sealing mechanism (9) on its outer peripheral face.
9. by the described straight-through crystallizer of claim 3, it is characterized in that described sleeve (7) is constructed to split in the longitudinal axis (3) of pipe (2) plane of extending in described passing.
10. by each described straight-through crystallizer in the claim 1 to 9, it is characterized in that described interior pipe (2) and described outer tube (8) have straight longitudinal axis (3).
11., it is characterized in that described interior pipe (2) and described outer tube (8) have crooked longitudinal axis (3) by each described straight-through crystallizer in the claim 1 to 9.
12. by each described straight-through crystallizer in the claim 1 to 11,
-wherein whole cooling groove (5) at described longitudinal axis (3) but Normal plane in have the area of first percolation;
-wherein said in cooling dome between pipe (2) and the outer tube (8) at described longitudinal axis (3) but Normal plane in have the area of second percolation, it is characterized in that, but but the area of described first percolation the area of described second percolation 50% to 200% between.
13. by each described straight-through crystallizer in the claim 1 to 12, it is characterized in that, described straight-through crystallizer (1) be configured to the continuous casting billet with square billet section or bloom section carry out continuous pouring and described in the pipe (2) construct integratedly.
14. by each described straight-through crystallizer in the claim 1 to 12, it is characterized in that, described straight-through crystallizer (1) be configured to the continuous casting billet with slab section or sheet billet section carry out continuous pouring and described in the pipe (2) constitute by a plurality of copper lattice plates.
15. a conticaster that has by each described straight-through crystallizer in the aforementioned claim is characterized in that, is arranged in the described length areas at the meniscus of the molten metal of the liquid state in service of described conticaster.
CN201310035431.7A 2012-01-30 2013-01-30 The straight-through crystallizer of continuous pouring continuous casting billet Expired - Fee Related CN103223476B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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ATA50014/2012 2012-01-30
ATA50014/2012A AT512433B1 (en) 2012-01-30 2012-01-30 CONTINUOUS COIL FOR THE CONTINUOUS CASTING OF A STRING WITH A BILL OR PRE-BLOCK PROFILE

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CN103223476B CN103223476B (en) 2016-03-02

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CN103223476B (en) 2016-03-02
AT512433A1 (en) 2013-08-15
EP2620236A3 (en) 2017-07-19
AT512433B1 (en) 2017-08-15

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