CN105900758B - A kind of method of desert planting rice - Google Patents
A kind of method of desert planting rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN105900758B CN105900758B CN201610248638.6A CN201610248638A CN105900758B CN 105900758 B CN105900758 B CN 105900758B CN 201610248638 A CN201610248638 A CN 201610248638A CN 105900758 B CN105900758 B CN 105900758B
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- topsoil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of desert planting rice, comprising the following steps: the selection of kind, seedling, consolidation, site preparation transplanting, fertilising and water management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and harvest.The present invention improves desert topsoil soils using biomass mixture, improves water-retaining property, nutrient content and the buffer capacity of desert topsoil；Using degradable polylactic resin film laying in sandy soil in the following, simultaneously ground mulching reduce desert in moisture evaporation, improve water use efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rice cultivating fields, specifically, being related to a kind of method of desert planting rice.
Background technique
Currently, there are a large amount of deserts in global range, simultaneously because the size of population sharply increases, cause desertification rapid
Increase.About 40% will be increased more than 8,000,000,000 by expecting the year two thousand thirty world population, but ploughing for grain-production in global range
Ground area only can increase 7%.Therefore, how using and the existing a large amount of desertification lands of transformation be in the urgent need to address ask
Topic.
Rice is one of main cereal crops in the world, and there are about the populations of one third using rice as staple food in the whole world.It is husky
Desert is regional to look after abundance, is rice high yield area, therefore development rice cultivation on desert has safely weight to guarantee world food
The effect wanted.But desert soil is barren, and nutrient needed for lacking paddy growth, rice is difficult to grow；Furthermore there is infiltration in sandy soil
Seriously, it is leaked rapidly when watering, evaporation capacity is very big, is easy arid, and needing could rice cultivation by improvement.In production, greatly
Plastic film mulch method of building up fields is mostly used to carry out rice cultivation, plastic film non-degradable used be easy to cause white pollution；Furthermore husky
Sandy soil are to directly overlay on film by most of unconcerned rice cultivation, and nutrient resiliency is poor, water evaporation quantity, cannot be reached and once be controlled
The purpose planted for a long time is managed, the economic benefit of Rice Cropping is seriously affected.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention for desert nutrient content present in desert planting rice low, water evaporation quantity greatly with
And the problem of using environmental pollution caused by polyethylene film, a kind of method of desert planting rice is provided, to desert
Soil property situation improved, realize the rice cultivation in desert for a long time, obtain higher rice yield.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the invention discloses a kind of methods of desert planting rice, comprising the following steps:
1) selection of kind: selection has resistance to strong light, drought-resistant, late-maturing japonica rice variety；
2) seedling: directly take desert soil according to common field seedling raising method and carry out seedling；
3) laying water barrier, desert topsoil improved treatment consolidation: are carried out to soil；
4) site preparation is transplanted: after consolidation, carrying out transplanting rice transplanting in 5-6 piece leaf；
5) fertilising and water management: application purity nitrogen, purity nitrogen includes base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer, and wherein tillering fertilizer is in rice transplanting
It applies after a week afterwards, ear manuer is applied in Jointing stage top dressing, base manure according to common high yield field；Water management, with wetting irrigation for paddy field
Subject to, it does not need to keep water layer；
6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: aiming at prevention, based on cultural control, comprehensive preventive health measures supplemented by chemical prevention into
Row prevention and treatment；
7) it harvests: harvesting rice in harvest time.
Further, consolidation in step 3) specifically:
3.1) it is laid with water barrier: arranging sandy soil, be laid with impervious barrier in the depths 20~30cm of sand bed, it can using novel biology
Then degradable material modified polylactic resin film, 0.05~0.08mm of thickness spread sandy soil, antiseepage film is higher by surrounding dike
Dam, in favor of water storage；
3.2) it carries out the improvement of desert topsoil: sandy soil and biomass mixture is mixed to form the culture conducive to paddy growth
Layer, as desert topsoil；The mixing example that sandy soil and biomass mixture are suitable for is volume ratio 7~8:2~3；Desert topsoil is put
Above water barrier；
3.3) it is covered on the topsoil of desert using biodegradable material modified polylactic resin film, can achieve reduction
Desert water evaporation quantity improves the utilization efficiency of moisture.
Further, the charcoal in the biomass mixture in step 3.2), peat, vermiculite and crushing straw distinguish institute
The ratio accounted for is classified as: 15%:50%:10%:25%.
Further, the bulk density of the desert topsoil after the improvement in step 3.2) is 0.7~1.0g/cm3。
Further, the density of the rice transplanting in step 4) are as follows: seeding row spacing 20 × 25cm, two every clump.
Further, the dosage of the purity nitrogen in step 5) is 14kg/ mus, wherein base manure accounts for the 60% of purity nitrogen gross mass, point
Fetilizer for tillering accounts for the 10% of purity nitrogen gross mass, and ear manuer accounts for the 30% of purity nitrogen gross mass.
Compared with prior art, the present invention can be obtained including following technical effect:
1) present invention improves desert topsoil soils using biomass mixture, improves the water-retaining property of desert topsoil, nutrient contains
Amount and buffer capacity.
2) present invention utilizes degradable polylactic resin film laying in sandy soil in the following, reducing simultaneously in ground mulching husky
The evaporation of moisture in desert improves water use efficiency.
3) implantation methods are all made of environment-friendly materials, solve white pollution present on production.
Certainly, implementing any of the products of the present invention must be not necessarily required to reach all the above technical effect simultaneously.
Specific embodiment
Carry out the embodiment that the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, whereby to the present invention how application technology hand
Section solves technical problem and reaches the realization process of technical effect to fully understand and implement.
The present invention provides a kind of method of desert planting rice, comprising the following steps:
1) selection of kind: the kind of selection suitable for desert plantation, these kinds need to have resistance to strong light, drought-resistant spy
Point.Since desert temperature is higher, more commonly area's maturation is more early, is preferably selected late-maturing japonica rice variety and (Qiu Guang, northern land 128, rises
It is 138 etc.) it is advisable.
2) directly take desert soil and carry out seedling according to common field seedling raising method, transplanting time is preferred with 5-6 piece leaf, to the greatest extent
Amount reduces the time in crop field.
3) consolidation:
3.1) it is laid with water barrier: arranging sandy soil, be laid with impervious barrier in the depths 20~30cm of sand bed, it can using novel biology
Then degradable material modified polylactic resin (PLA) film, 0.05~0.08mm of thickness spread sandy soil, antiseepage film is higher by four
All dykes and dams, in favor of water storage；Modified polylactic resin thin film bio is degradable, can be to avoid Plain PE film to environment
Pollution.
3.2) improvement of desert topsoil is carried out, since desert soil leak leakage fertilizer is serious, sandy soil are mixed with biomass mixture
Form the culture layer for being conducive to paddy growth.The mixing example that sandy soil and biomass mixture are suitable for is volume ratio 7~8:2~3, biology
Matter mixture is mainly by charcoal, peat, vermiculite, stalk of crushing etc.；Wherein, the charcoal in biomass mixture, peat,
Shared ratio is classified as respectively for vermiculite and crushing straw: 15%:50%:10%:25%.Pass through the mixed of sandy soil and biomass mixture
The bulk density for reaching and reducing sandy soil is closed, by 1.4g/cm3Drop to 0.7~1.0g/cm3, while achieving the effect that retain water and nutrients.
Specifically in improving desert soil, can first laying impervious barrier, then sandy soil, biomass mixture are successively placed on impervious barrier
Top, and be uniformly mixed.The fertilizer amount in this improvement sandy soil field can be identical as the management in common rice field, the rice straw powder that this season generates
It is broken to increase the content of organic matter of sandy soil with direct returning to farmland, conducive to the improvement of sandy soil.Meanwhile being changed using biodegradable material
Property polylactic resin film be covered in desert topsoil (sandy soil, biomass mixture layer) surface, can achieve reduce desert moisture
Evaporation capacity improves the utilization efficiency of moisture.
4) site preparation is transplanted: method finishes consolidation as described above, timely when seedling growth is to required size
Rice transplanting is carried out, density is preferred with 20 × 25cm of seeding row spacing, and two every clump.
5) fertilising and water management: purity nitrogen 14kg/ mus of application accounts for 60% according to base manure, tillering fertilizer accounts for 10%, and ear manuer accounts for
30%, wherein tillering fertilizer is applied after a week after rice transplanting, and for ear manuer in Jointing stage top dressing, phosphorus potash fertilizer makees base manure according to common high yield
Field application.Water management does not need to keep water layer with wetting irrigation for paddy field.
6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: desert rice pest is relatively fewer, and wherein Major Diseases have: rice blast, banded sclerotial blight, rice are bent
Disease etc.；Major Pests have: Liriomyza, planthopper, leaf roll snout moth's larva etc.；It aims at prevention, based on cultural control, chemical prevention is
Auxiliary comprehensive preventive health measures bottoms out loss caused by pest and disease damage；
7) it harvests: harvesting rice in harvest time.
Logical plantation in a few years, find the method for the desert planting rice compared with general planting can save moisture 12~
30%, yield increases by 10~15%, has obtained higher economic and social benefit.
Above description has shown and described several preferred embodiments of invention, but as previously described, it should be understood that invention is not
It is confined to form disclosed herein, should not be regarded as an exclusion of other examples, and can be used for various other combinations, modification
And environment, and can be carried out within that scope of the inventive concept describe herein by the above teachings or related fields of technology or knowledge
Change.And changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art do not depart from the spirit and scope of invention, then it all should be in the appended power of invention
In the protection scope that benefit requires.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method of desert planting rice, which comprises the following steps:
1) selection of kind: selection has resistance to strong light, drought-resistant, late-maturing japonica rice variety；
2) seedling: directly take desert soil according to common field seedling raising method and carry out seedling；
3) laying water barrier, desert topsoil improved treatment consolidation: are carried out to soil；
4) site preparation is transplanted: after consolidation, carrying out transplanting rice transplanting in 5-6 piece leaf；
5) fertilising and water management: application purity nitrogen, purity nitrogen includes base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer, and wherein tillering fertilizer is latter in rice transplanting
It is applied after week, ear manuer is applied in Jointing stage top dressing, base manure according to common high yield field；Water management, is subject to wetting irrigation for paddy field,
It does not need to keep water layer；
6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: aiming at prevention, and based on cultural control, the comprehensive preventive health measures supplemented by chemical prevention is prevented
It controls；
7) it harvests: harvesting rice in harvest time；
Consolidation in the step 3) specifically:
3.1) it is laid with water barrier: arranging sandy soil, be laid with impervious barrier in the depths 20~30cm of sand bed, changed using biodegradable material
Property polylactic resin film, then 0.05~0.08mm of thickness spreads sandy soil, impervious barrier is higher by surrounding dykes and dams, in favor of storing
Water；
3.2) it carries out the improvement of desert topsoil: sandy soil and biomass mixture being mixed to form the culture layer conducive to paddy growth, i.e.,
For desert topsoil；Sandy soil and biomass mixture mixing ratio are that volume ratio is 7~8:2~3；Desert topsoil is placed on water barrier
Side；
3.3) it is covered on the topsoil of desert using biodegradable material modified polylactic resin film, reaching reduces desert moisture
Evaporation capacity improves the utilization efficiency of moisture；
Ratio column shared by the charcoal in biomass mixture, peat, vermiculite and crushing straw difference in the step 3.2)
Are as follows: 15%:50%:10%:25%.
2. the method for desert planting rice according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sand after improvement in step 3.2)
The bulk density of unconcerned topsoil is 0.7~1.0g/cm3。
3. the method for desert planting rice according to claim 1, which is characterized in that rice transplanting in the step 4) it is close
Degree are as follows: seeding row spacing 20 × 25cm, two every clump.
4. the method for desert planting rice according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the use of the purity nitrogen in the step 5)
Amount is 14kg/ mus, wherein base manure accounts for the 60% of purity nitrogen gross mass, and tillering fertilizer accounts for the 10% of purity nitrogen gross mass, and it is total that ear manuer accounts for purity nitrogen
The 30% of quality.
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| CN107211785B (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2020-02-18 | 魏生龙 | Method for large-area soil preparation and rice planting in desert area |
| CN107484452B (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2020-08-18 | 中国一冶集团有限公司 | Comprehensive improvement method for sand soil field seed ploughing layer |
| CN107624391A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-01-26 | 北京军秀咨询有限公司 | A kind of method of plant sludge biological carbon soil joint restoration of the ecosystem prone soil |
| CN108112432B (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2020-11-13 | 中国水稻研究所 | Method for planting rice in sandy soil |
| CN108617182A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-10-09 | 中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司 | A kind of method of desert treatment |
| CN109964766A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-05 | 鄂尔多斯市环保投资有限公司 | A kind of method of desert site preparation and rice cultivation |
| CN110249874A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-09-20 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of powdery covering material and its application method for inhibiting moisture evaporation for Arid&semi-arid area |
| CN110249875A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-09-20 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of environment-friendly type covering material and its application method for inhibiting moisture evaporation for Arid&semi-arid area |
| CN110612792B (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2022-04-15 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for improving agricultural water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of desert facilities by utilizing porous membrane |
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