CN103081724A

CN103081724A - Persimmon tree grafting method

Info

Publication number: CN103081724A
Application number: CN2013100290476A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨勇; 王仁梓; 阮小凤; ***
Original assignee: Northwest A&F University
Current assignee: Northwest A&F University
Priority date: 2013-01-15
Filing date: 2013-01-15
Publication date: 2013-05-08

Abstract

The invention provides a persimmon tree grafting method aiming at a tree stock which grows for more than 3 years and has the diameter of 3-10 cm. After the tree stock is survived through subcutaneous stem grafting, the tree stock is grafted with twigs growing from scions to carry out once nurse graft to improve union speed of a grafting mouth and accelerate shaping of a grafting tree, and therefore the precocity fruiting purpose is achieved. The persimmon tree grafting method is characterized in that a hard twig double scion skin inserting grating method is adopted in April at first, and the once nurse graft is carried out on the twigs growing from two scions from June to July.

Description

A kind of persimmon grafting method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of grafting method, specifically a kind of persimmon grafting method.

Background technology

Persimmon originates in China, belongs to the Ebenaceae calamander, at China's cultivation history of existing nearly 3000.Persimmon is deciduous tree, and the persimmon that carries in the past mostly is individual plant and sporadicly distributes, and the height of tree can reach 15 meters, and the hat width reaches more than 10 meters, and the persimmon of longest-lived had more than 1000, and the large tree that the centuries gives birth to also is seen everywhere.Persimmon has just had different kind records from Tang and Song Dynasty time, and along with continuous evolutionary development, there had been the different persimmon variety source of kind more than 1000 in China to modern age.The shape of persimmon leaf comprises ellipse, lanceolar, oval and obovate etc., and back side villous, persimmon flower are mainly yellow-white, also redness are arranged; Fruit belongs to berry, except size because of the different differences of kind obviously, fruit deformation is different also very large, mainly contain oblate, flat side, heart or conical, fruit face look is mainly orange, orange red, yellow, red, also has special black, the fruit rear edible that mostly need take away the puckery taste, the directly edible sweet persimmon kind of need not taking away the puckery taste after maturation is also arranged, and the persimmon fruit maturing stage is not waited from August to November because of the kind difference yet.In order to preserve the genetic diversity of persimmon kind, need to complete by vegetative method, and grafting is exactly the important means that realizes this purpose.

After the persimmon grafting, 3～4 years can begin result, enter the full bearing period after 10～12 years, and the economic life can reach more than 100 years.The seedling tree result is more late, after planting approximately just begins result in 7～8 years.The tree crown of persimmon is comparatively opened a business, and the ability of naturally upgrading is also more intense, and under general cultivation condition, more than the time limit can reach a century as a result, under good management condition, the age of tree was more than 300 years.

The persimmon grafting is exactly that the scion (branch) of the variety source of introducing from the strange land is combined on stock by diverse ways, reaches expanding propagation quantity, and keeps the purpose of improved seeds resource merit.The method of grafting mainly is divided into two kinds of bud grafting, scion graftings, is subdivided into again in bud grafting to be with wooden bud grafting, square bud grafting, nail-shaped bud grafting etc., and general multiplex in growing seedlings, the stock age is in 3 years; Scion grafting is subdivided into crown grafting, cleft grafting, whip graft, side grafting etc., general multiplex in large tree grafting high and changing head, sit the ground seedling and build the garden, stock is how old in 3 years.

The method of existing persimmon scion grafting, cortex grafting, in the stock rugosity during greater than 3cm, growth separately after two fringe graftings, the healing rate of grafting mouth is slow, is shaped evening, and after result, easily early ageing, affect the later stage survival rate.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention be overcome deficiency of the prior art and provide the healing rate of grafting mouth fast, the shaping of tree body easily, reach a kind of persimmon grafting method of early bearing stable yields.

The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above employing is: this a kind of persimmon grafting method is for more than 3 years, diameter 3-10cm stock, the method that after surviving by subcutaneous scion grafting, the spray of each scion pumping once is abutted against again, reach the healing rate that improves the grafting mouth, accelerate the shaping of grafting tree, thereby reach the purpose of precocity fruiting.

A kind of persimmon grafting method is characterized in that: first adopt the two fringe cortex graftings of hard branch April, 6-7 month the spray with pumping in two scion once be abutted against again.

As preferably, the two fringe cortex graftings operations of described hard branch are as follows: selected satisfactory stock, and sawed-off at the smooth place of skin zone, and scabbling the cross section with the scion grafting cutter, the longitudinal cutting 1-2cm of skin zone is long respectively in relative both sides, deeply reaches xylem, taking advantage of a situation turns with about cutter, makes the slightly perk of skin of scarfing top; Scion is cut an inclined-plane at the opposite side of bud, make and be horse ear shape, be about 2-3cm, tip is slightly cut little inclined-plane from about opposite side, tip is whittled into pointed, cut more than bevel and stay 1-2 bud, 2 scarfings of stock are inserted respectively in 2 scion will cutting rapidly, first are wound around with the rope made of hemp to make the scion tangent plane be close to the subcutaneous wooden of stock both sides, wrap up the stock cross section with square 0.06mm double-layer plastic film, then connect the winding of tree film with strip and tighten, make sure to keep in mind to leak out.

As preferably, it is as follows that described spray is abutted against operation: respectively at the smooth place of the equal height of the spray of 2 pumpings with the cutter long branch cortex of 1-2cm of pruning respectively, thickness accounts for 1/3 of spray diameter, then rapidly two tangent plane alignment is close to, then is wound around wrapping tightly with connecing the tree film.

As preferably, stock mostly is dateplum, can be also that basic anvil is all kinds of persimmon kinds of dateplum, and the seat ground time should be at 3-5, take trunk diameter of section 3-10cm as best; The anvil seedling has been opened up leaf, and resin is fully mobile, when cortex is easily peeled off; The stock rugosity surpasses 4cm's, and section anvil is high at 20-30cm place, distance ground without exception connects; The stock rugosity is greater than 6cm, can will cut more than the anvil height suitably is raised to 40cm, but be no more than 60cm.

As preferably, scion is the top branch in the full annual branch of sprout or strong sprout, adopt winter should seal with wax or sand is hidden and is preserved, the also sand Tibetan temporarily of now adopting spring; Bud in scion is not to sprout or just to have sprouted as good, and during grafting, scion should be cut into the sections of 10-12cm, has 3 full buds on every sections at least.

Embodiment:

A kind of persimmon grafting method is for more than 3 years, diameter 3-10cm stock, the method that after surviving by subcutaneous scion grafting, the spray of each scion pumping once is abutted against again reaches the healing rate that improves the grafting mouth, accelerate the shaping of grafting tree, thereby reach the purpose of precocity fruiting.

As preferably, the management after grafting is as follows:

1. in time remove and sprout: stock is subject to cutting the stimulation of anvil, can sprout tillers occur in a large number, removes as untimely, can fight for moisture and nutrient with scion, causes scion to be difficult to sprout, and is even withered; Generally namely should be except sprouting once, until the young sprout of scion pumping is in absolute predominance every 5～7 days.

2. set up pillar: after surviving, the branch tender leaf of scion is large, and interface is not yet firm, is very easily broken by wind, causes that all that has been achieved is spoiled; Therefore, in the place that strong wind is arranged, when young sprout grows to 30～40cm, insert bamboo pole as pillar, with the bondage of young sprout appropriateness on pillar.

3. in good time solution is tied up: confirm that grafting survives, interface firmly, callus also during ageing, can scratch and connect the tree film, in order to thickening growth, exempt from scion and hung.

Claims

1. persimmon grafting method is characterized in that: first adopt the two fringe cortex graftings of hard branch April, 6-7 month the spray with pumping in two scion once be abutted against again.

2. a kind of persimmon grafting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the two fringe cortex grafting operations of hard branch are as follows: selected stock, sawed-off at the smooth place of skin zone, and scabble the cross section with the scion grafting cutter, the longitudinal cutting 1-2cm of skin zone is long respectively in relative both sides, deeply reach xylem, taking advantage of a situation turns with about cutter, makes the slightly perk of skin of scarfing top; Scion is cut an inclined-plane at the opposite side of bud, make and be horse ear shape, be about 2-3cm, tip is slightly cut little inclined-plane from about opposite side, tip is whittled into pointed, cut more than bevel and stay 1-2 bud, 2 scarfings of stock are inserted respectively in 2 scion will cutting rapidly, first are wound around with the rope made of hemp to make the scion tangent plane be close to the subcutaneous wooden of stock both sides, wrap up the stock cross section with square 0.06mm double-layer plastic film, then connect the winding of tree film with strip and tighten, make sure to keep in mind to leak out.

3. a kind of persimmon grafting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is as follows that spray is abutted against operation: respectively at the smooth place of the equal height of the spray of 2 pumpings with the cutter long branch cortex of 1-2cm of pruning respectively, thickness accounts for 1/3 of spray diameter, then rapidly two tangent plane alignment are close to, then are wound around wrapping tightly with connecing the tree film.

4. a kind of persimmon grafting method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: stock mostly is dateplum, can be also that basic anvil is all kinds of persimmon kinds of dateplum, and the seat ground time should be at 3-5, take trunk diameter of section 3-10cm as best; The anvil seedling has been opened up leaf, and resin is fully mobile, when cortex is easily peeled off; The stock rugosity surpasses 4cm's, and section anvil is high at 20-30cm place, distance ground without exception connects; The stock rugosity is greater than 6cm, can will cut more than the anvil height suitably is raised to 40cm, but be no more than 60cm.

5. a kind of persimmon grafting method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: scion is the top branch in the full annual branch of sprout or strong sprout, adopt winter should seal with wax or sand is hidden and is preserved, the also sand Tibetan temporarily of now adopting spring; Bud in scion is not to sprout or just to have sprouted as good, and during grafting, scion should be cut into the sections of 10-12cm, has 3 full buds on every sections at least.