CN111990086B - Grafting planting method for Taiqiu sweet persimmons - Google Patents
Grafting planting method for Taiqiu sweet persimmons Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111990086B CN111990086B CN202010978227.9A CN202010978227A CN111990086B CN 111990086 B CN111990086 B CN 111990086B CN 202010978227 A CN202010978227 A CN 202010978227A CN 111990086 B CN111990086 B CN 111990086B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- persimmon
- seedlings
- seedling
- soil
- grafting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 235000011511 Diospyros Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 180
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 241000723267 Diospyros Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 21
- 244000055850 Diospyros virginiana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 191
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001164374 Calyx Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000721047 Danaus plexippus Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000000279 Emilia sonchifolia Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002139 Emilia sonchifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005944 Chlorpyrifos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000792913 Ebenaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000721696 Lymantria Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005802 Mancozeb Substances 0.000 description 1
- DHKHZGZAXCWQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[K] Chemical compound [N].[K] DHKHZGZAXCWQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 description 1
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- SBPBAQFWLVIOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorpyrifos Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)OC1=NC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl SBPBAQFWLVIOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of planting, and provides a grafting planting method for persimmons in late autumn.A persimmon seedling A is obtained by grafting a woody bud of persimmons in late autumn onto a wild persimmon stock; selecting strong seedlings without diseases and insect pests, which are high by more than 0.4 meter, have root diameters of more than 0.4 cm, complete root systems and healed grafting joints, from the persimmon seedlings A to obtain persimmon seedlings B; and then digging a persimmon seedling B with a soil ball, transplanting the persimmon seedling B to a planting hole in a field planting manner, and applying fertilizer, loosening soil, weeding and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests at the growth period of the persimmon seedling at regular intervals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a grafting planting method for Taiqiu sweet persimmons.
Background
The persimmon belongs to the family of Ebenaceae, belongs to perennial deciduous fruit trees, is the best variety of the existing persimmon, has the weight of 600 grams per fruit, the sugar degree of more than 17, the taste, quality and taste of the persimmon are the top of all the domestic persimmon, and the fresh persimmon of the persimmon in the autumn has the advantages of high hardness, long storage and transportation period, long fruit hanging period, convenience for market adjustment and high economic value. The grafting of Rootstock (Rootstock) is one of the artificial propagation methods of the plant, namely graft the branch or bud of a plant to another plant stem or root, make two parts that connect together grow into a complete plant, said method has expanded the absorption range and ability of the root system, the plant root system after grafting grows by times than from the root seedling, can than absorb nitrogen potassium about 30% more from the root seedling on the same area, phosphorus more than 80%, and can utilize the phosphorus in the deep layer of soil; the method is favorable for improving the yield, the grafted seedling has large stem and thick leaves, the yield can be increased by more than 4 percent, the fruiting period can be greatly shortened, and the total yield is improved.
CN106577006A discloses a persimmon container seedling raising substrate and a persimmon container seedling raising method, wherein the method comprises the following steps: collecting annual development branches or fruiting mother branches in the dormancy stage of the persimmon fruits, and burying the annual development branches or fruiting mother branches in cool and humid sandy soil for sand storage; after the sweet persimmon fruits are ripe, collecting seeds, drying in the shade, and storing in sand at a low temperature; accelerating germination of the seeds after sand storage, sowing seeds subjected to accelerating germination and white exposure into a container containing the matrix of claim 1 or 2, transplanting the stock seedlings with the matrix into a beauty planting bag of the matrix when 3-5 leaves grow out of the stock seedlings, and irrigating roots with a rooting agent after transplanting and managing water and fertilizer; grafting the scion after sand storage to the stock seedling when the stock seedling grows to the ground diameter larger than 0.7cm and the seedling is higher than 60 cm; and (5) taking out the nursery when the nursery stock grows to have the ground diameter of more than 0.8cm and the height of more than 80 cm.
Because the traditional persimmon grafting stock is a monarch emilia, the root system is good, but the persimmon grafting stock is incompatible with the autumn sweet persimmon, the wild persimmon stock is used for grafting the autumn sweet persimmon, after the wild persimmon stock survives for one year, transplanting and building a garden are carried out, the period is long, meanwhile, the wild persimmon stock generally has few fibrous roots, the survival rate and the period of the traditional planting method are long, the preservation rate is low, a large amount of resources are wasted, and the production cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Because the traditional method for grafting the persimmons in the autumn by using the wild persimmon rootstocks is long in period, the wild persimmon rootstocks generally have few fibrous roots, and the traditional planting method is low in survival rate and high in cost.
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a grafting planting method for persimmons in late autumn, which comprises the following steps,
step S1, grafting the woody buds of the persimmons in the autumn to wild persimmon stocks, wherein the wild persimmon stocks are grafted to the wild persimmon stocks by adopting the woody buds of the persimmons in the autumn after the wild persimmon stocks are sowed in the winter or sowed in the spring into seedlings, and the wild persimmon stocks are healed for 25-30 days and overwinter with hidden buds to obtain persimmon seedlings A;
step S2, selecting strong seedlings without plant diseases and insect pests, which are high by more than 0.4 meter, have root diameters of more than 0.4 cm, complete root systems and healed grafting joints, from the persimmon seedlings A to obtain persimmon seedlings B;
step S3, digging persimmon seedlings B with soil balls, wherein the ball diameter of the soil balls is 15-20cm, the soil balls are filled into a non-woven fabric bag, and the non-woven fabric bag opening is sealed by an adhesive tape;
step S4, transplanting the persimmon seedling B to a planting hole in a field planting way, wherein the planting row spacing is 2m multiplied by 3m to 3m multiplied by 4m before the persimmon seedling sprouts, and the length or width of the planting hole is 20-30 cm and the depth is 15-30 cm; before field planting of persimmon seedlings B, uniformly mixing 10-15 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 0.5-1 kg of calcium superphosphate and surface soil, and filling the mixture into a field planting hole; in the field planting process, keeping the integrity of soil balls of the persimmon seedlings B, removing the non-woven bag, sealing soil and tamping the periphery;
step S5, after transplanting, pouring root fixing water into the persimmon seedling B, irrigating the persimmon seedling B thoroughly, and covering grass or film on a tree disc; after transplanting the persimmon seedling B, regularly checking survival of the nursery stock with the hidden bud, and carrying out supplementary grafting and supplementary planting on the nursery stock which does not sprout or is dead; when persimmon buds grafted on the persimmon seedling B plant appear white, cutting off the stock from a level 1-2cm above the buds, and sealing the cut with wax or paint;
step S6, after the persimmon seedling B survives, applying quick-acting fertilizer or applying foliage dressing with 0.2-0.5% of urea and 0.3-0.5% of monopotassium phosphate;
and step S7, fertilizing, loosening soil, weeding and preventing and controlling diseases and pests at regular intervals during the growth period of persimmon seedlings.
Preferably, seeds of wild persimmon seeds before winter sowing or spring sowing are soaked in a trisodium phosphate solution with the concentration of 8% -10% for 25-30 minutes, and then sowed after being cleaned by clear water; or placing the dried seeds in a constant temperature box at 70 ℃ for dry heat disinfection for 60-70 hours.
Preferably, the grafting process of the woody bud of the persimmons in the autumn onto the wild persimmon rootstock is carried out at the ambient temperature of 10-25 ℃, and the illumination intensity is less than 8000 Lux.
Preferably, the humidity of the soil ball is kept between 20 and 40 percent in the process of digging and taking the persimmon seedling B with the soil ball.
Preferably, the diameter of the soil ball in the process of digging and taking the persimmon seedling B with the soil ball is 4-5 times of the height of the persimmon seedling B.
Preferably, the persimmon seedling B is transplanted to a planting hole at the ambient temperature of 10-25 ℃ and the illumination intensity is less than 8000 Lux.
Preferably, in the process of storing and transporting the persimmon seedlings B in the field planting and transplanting of the persimmon seedlings B, the environmental temperature is 10-25 ℃, the illuminance is less than 8000Lux, and the humidity of soil balls is 20-40%.
Preferably, in step S1, wood bud grafting with hidden bud overwintering is adopted.
Preferably, weeding and loosening the soil are carried out every 15-30 days after the persimmon seedlings B are transplanted in a field planting mode.
Preferably, in the step S5, pinching is carried out when the young shoots of the persimmon seedlings B grow to 30-40 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the grafting planting method of the persimmons in the autumn provided by the invention has the advantages that the woody buds of the persimmons in the autumn are grafted to the wild persimmon stocks, wherein the wild persimmon stocks are grafted to the wild persimmon stocks with the woody buds after the wild persimmon seeds are sowed in winter or sowed in spring into seedlings, the wild persimmon stocks are grafted with the woody buds of the persimmons in the autumn, and the seedlings are healed for 25-30 days and overwinter with hidden buds to obtain persimmon seedlings A; selecting strong seedlings without diseases and insect pests, which are high by more than 0.4 meter, have root diameters of more than 0.4 cm, complete root systems and healed grafting joints, from the persimmon seedlings A to obtain persimmon seedlings B; then digging a persimmon seedling B with a soil ball, wherein the ball diameter of the soil ball is 15-20cm, the soil ball is filled into a non-woven fabric bag, and the mouth of the non-woven fabric bag is sealed by an adhesive tape; transplanting the persimmon seedling B to a planting hole in a field planting way, wherein the planting row spacing is 2m multiplied by 3m to 3m multiplied by 4m before the persimmon seedling is germinated, and the length or width of the planting hole is 20-30 cm and the depth is 15-30 cm; before field planting of persimmon seedlings B, uniformly mixing 10-15 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 0.5-1 kg of calcium superphosphate and surface soil, and filling the mixture into a field planting hole; in the field planting process, keeping the integrity of soil balls of the persimmon seedlings B, removing the non-woven bag, sealing soil and tamping the periphery; after transplanting, pouring root fixing water into the persimmon seedling B, irrigating the persimmon seedling B thoroughly, and covering grass or a film on a tree disc; after the persimmon seedling B survives, applying quick-acting fertilizer or applying foliage dressing with 0.2-0.5% of urea and 0.3-0.5% of monopotassium phosphate; in the growth period of persimmon seedlings, fertilizer is applied regularly, soil is loosened, weeding is conducted, and pest control is conducted.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the grafting planting method of the autumn persimmon.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances in order to facilitate the description of the embodiments of the invention herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The method aims to solve the problems that the traditional persimmon grafting stock in the background technology part is a monarch emilia, has good root system but is incompatible with the Taiqiu sweet persimmons, the Taiqiu sweet persimmons are grafted by wild persimmon stocks, after the grafting is alive for one year, transplanting and garden building are carried out, the period is long, meanwhile, the wild persimmon stocks generally have few fibrous roots, and the traditional planting method has the advantages of long survival rate and period, low preservation rate, great resource waste, high production cost and the like. The invention provides a grafting planting method of a too-autumn sweet persimmon, as shown in figure 1, the grafting planting method of the too-autumn sweet persimmon comprises the following steps,
step S1, grafting the woody buds of the persimmons in the autumn to wild persimmon stocks, wherein the wild persimmon stocks are grafted to the wild persimmon stocks by adopting the woody buds of the persimmons in the autumn after the wild persimmon stocks are sowed in the winter or sowed in the spring into seedlings, and the wild persimmon stocks are healed for 25-30 days and overwinter with hidden buds to obtain persimmon seedlings A;
step S2, selecting strong seedlings without plant diseases and insect pests, which are high by more than 0.4 meter, have root diameters of more than 0.4 cm, complete root systems and healed grafting joints, from the persimmon seedlings A to obtain persimmon seedlings B;
step S3, digging persimmon seedlings B with soil balls, wherein the ball diameter of the soil balls is 15-20cm, the soil balls are filled into a non-woven fabric bag, and the non-woven fabric bag opening is sealed by an adhesive tape;
step S4, transplanting the persimmon seedling B to a planting hole in a field planting way, wherein the planting row spacing is 2m multiplied by 3m to 3m multiplied by 4m before the persimmon seedling sprouts, and the length or width of the planting hole is 20-30 cm and the depth is 15-30 cm; before field planting of persimmon seedlings B, uniformly mixing 10-15 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 0.5-1 kg of calcium superphosphate and surface soil, and filling the mixture into a field planting hole; in the field planting process, keeping the integrity of soil balls of the persimmon seedlings B, removing the non-woven bag, sealing soil and tamping the periphery;
step S5, after transplanting, pouring root fixing water into the persimmon seedling B, irrigating the persimmon seedling B thoroughly, and covering grass or film on a tree disc; after transplanting the persimmon seedling B, regularly checking survival of the nursery stock with the hidden bud, and carrying out supplementary grafting and supplementary planting on the nursery stock which does not sprout or is dead; when persimmon buds grafted on the persimmon seedling B plant appear white, cutting off the stock from a level 1-2cm above the buds, and sealing the cut with wax or paint;
step S6, after the persimmon seedling B survives, applying quick-acting fertilizer or applying foliage dressing with 0.2-0.5% of urea and 0.3-0.5% of monopotassium phosphate;
and step S7, fertilizing, loosening soil, weeding and preventing and controlling diseases and pests at regular intervals during the growth period of persimmon seedlings.
According to the grafting planting method of the persimmons in the autumn, provided by the invention, the woody buds of the persimmons in the autumn are grafted to the wild persimmon stock, wherein the wild persimmon stock is grafted to the wild persimmon stock with the woody buds after the wild persimmon seeds are sowed in winter or sowed in spring, and the persimmons in the autumn are healed for 25-30 days and overwinter with the hidden buds, so that persimmon seedlings A are obtained; selecting strong seedlings without diseases and insect pests, which are high by more than 0.4 meter, have root diameters of more than 0.4 cm, complete root systems and healed grafting joints, from the persimmon seedlings A to obtain persimmon seedlings B; then digging a persimmon seedling B with a soil ball, wherein the ball diameter of the soil ball is 15-20cm, the soil ball is filled into a non-woven fabric bag, and the mouth of the non-woven fabric bag is sealed by an adhesive tape; transplanting the persimmon seedling B to a planting hole in a field planting way, wherein the planting row spacing is 2m multiplied by 3m to 3m multiplied by 4m before the persimmon seedling is germinated, and the length or width of the planting hole is 20-30 cm and the depth is 15-30 cm; before field planting of persimmon seedlings B, uniformly mixing 10-15 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 0.5-1 kg of calcium superphosphate and surface soil, and filling the mixture into a field planting hole; in the field planting process, keeping the integrity of soil balls of the persimmon seedlings B, removing the non-woven bag, sealing soil and tamping the periphery; after transplanting, pouring root fixing water into the persimmon seedling B, irrigating the persimmon seedling B thoroughly, and covering grass or a film on a tree disc; after the persimmon seedling B survives, applying quick-acting fertilizer or applying foliage dressing with 0.2-0.5% of urea and 0.3-0.5% of monopotassium phosphate; in the growth period of persimmon seedlings, fertilizer is applied regularly, soil is loosened, weeding is performed, and pest and disease damage prevention and control are performed, through the planting method, wild persimmon seedlings are grafted for hidden buds in one year, and the wild persimmon seedlings are transplanted with soil balls, so that the wild persimmon seedlings can grow in the same year with the thickness of 0.6-1.2 cm and the height of 0.5-1.5 m, the seedling-recovering period for the growth of sweet persimmons can be eliminated, the pre-production period of the sweet persimmons is reduced, the production time of the too-autumn sweet persimmons is 1 year earlier, the planted too-autumn sweet persimmons can yield early fruits, the transplanting survival rate is over 96 percent, the survival rate is improved, the period is short, the preservation rate is high, the operation resources are saved to a great extent, and the production cost is low.
As shown in table 1, the data of examples 1 to 3 were obtained by long-term experiments using the grafting planting method for taiqiu sweet persimmons according to the present invention, while the data of examples 1 to 3 obtained by using the conventional planting method for taiqiu sweet persimmons according to the conventional method, wherein the data of examples 1 to 3 obtained by using the conventional planting method for taiqiu sweet persimmons according to the present invention showed that the seedlings planted by the planting method provided by the present invention had high survival rate, fast growth of the height of the seedling, large growth of the ground diameter of the seedling, vigorous growth of the young sprout, and large growth of branches and leaves. Experimental results show that the planting method of the invention is adopted to plant the autumn persimmon, so that the survival rate of the seedlings is high, the plants grow vigorously, the seedling recovery period of the persimmon can be eliminated, the prenatal growth period of the persimmon is reduced, and the autumn persimmon can be early fruited and high-yield.
TABLE 1 comparison table of planting quality of Taiqiu persimmon
In order to better remove bacterial microorganisms which are attached to wild persimmon seeds and affect the health of the seeds, so that the seedlings germinated from the wild persimmon seeds are healthier, under the preferable condition of the invention, the seeds of the wild persimmon seeds before winter sowing or spring sowing are soaked in 8-10% trisodium phosphate solution for 25-30 minutes, and then are sowed after being cleaned by clear water; or placing the dried seeds in a constant temperature box at 70 ℃ for dry heat disinfection for 60-70 hours.
Because the exposure to the sun or the over-high ambient temperature is prevented in the grafting process of the young persimmons in the autumn, under the preferable condition of the invention, the grafting process of the woody buds of the persimmons in the autumn onto the wild persimmon stock is carried out at the ambient temperature of 10-25 ℃, and the illumination is less than 8000 Lux. Under the more preferable condition of the invention, the grafting process of the woody bud of the persimmons in the autumn to the wild persimmon rootstock is carried out in a sun-shading greenhouse at constant temperature or on cloudy days, wherein the preferable illumination intensity is less than 8000 Lux.
In order to keep the protection of the root system of the persimmon seedling B in the seedling lifting process, under the preferable condition of the invention, the humidity of the soil ball is kept between 20 and 40 percent in the process of digging the persimmon seedling B with the soil ball. For example, in order to facilitate excavation and carrying of soil balls, when the soil is dry, water is poured before excavation, and the humidity is maintained during transportation of the persimmon seedling B, and more preferably, the humidity of the soil balls of the persimmon seedling B is maintained at 20% -40% during transportation, and the soil balls are covered with tarpaulin to avoid severe vibration and wind-blown sunshine.
In order to better protect the root system of the persimmon seedling B and prevent the root system from being damaged in the transplanting process, so that the root system is exposed and damaged, under the preferable condition, the diameter of the soil ball in the process of digging and taking the persimmon seedling B with the soil ball is 4-5 times of the height of the persimmon seedling B.
In order to better transplant the persimmon seedling B and prevent the dry death caused by excessive transpiration of the insolated branches and leaves after transplantation, under the preferable condition of the invention, the field planting and transplanting of the persimmon seedling B to the fixed planting hole are carried out at the ambient temperature of 10-25 ℃, and the illumination is less than 8000 Lux. More preferably, the outdoor transplantation is carried out in four seasons of the year from 2 to 4 months, and the transplantation is carried out in cloudy days with illuminance less than 8000 Lux.
In order to better transport the persimmon seedling B, prevent the damage of insolation or vibration and the like to the root system of the persimmon seedling B in the transport process and improve the survival rate, under the preferable condition of the invention, the environmental temperature is 10-25 ℃, the illumination is less than 8000Lux and the humidity of soil balls is 20-40% in the process of storing and transporting the persimmon seedling B in the field planting and transplanting of the persimmon seedling B.
In order to better realize grafting and improve the survival rate of grafting, in a preferred case of the invention, in step S1, wood bud grafting with hidden bud overwintering is adopted. More preferably, the method is used for grafting in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river for 9-10 months by adopting persimmon scions with too autumn sweet, and the seedlings are healed after 25-35 days by adopting bud grafting with wood and overwinter with hidden buds.
In order to better enable the grafted seedlings to grow better, in the preferred case of the invention, when the persimmon bud grafted on the plant is exposed to the white, the stock is cut off 1cm to 2cm above the bud, the cut is level, and the cut is sealed by wax or plastic film.
In order to better ensure the better growth of the persimmon seedling B, under the preferable condition of the invention, weeding and loosening soil are carried out every 15-30 days after the persimmon seedling B is transplanted in a field planting manner. More preferably, the persimmon seedling B is watered and fertilized during the growth period, quick-acting fertilizers such as urea, compound fertilizers and decomposed human excrement and urine are used for topdressing, and thin fertilizers are used for frequently fertilizing, or 0.2-0.5% of urea and 0.3-0.5% of monopotassium phosphate are used for topdressing on leaf surfaces. More preferably, the process is sprayed on calm weather before 10 am or after 5 pm.
In order to make the persimmon seedling B dense in branches and leaves and capable of producing multiple fruits, in the preferred case of the invention, in step S5, pinching is performed when the young shoot of the persimmon seedling B grows to 30-40 cm.
In the later management process of the persimmon seedling B, in the preferred condition of the invention, in step S8, in the growth period of the persimmon seedling, pest control: the main plant diseases and insect pests of the sweet persimmon comprise persimmon round spot disease, persimmon anthracnose, persimmon calyx worm, persimmon woolly scale and the like, and 1500 times of liquid of 25 percent chlorpyrifos wettable powder is sprayed on a tree before leaf spreading and blooming to prevent and control persimmon woolly scale; in the late 5 th to middle 8 th of the month, persimmon calyx worms, gypsy moths and the like are prevented and treated; spraying 1 time of bactericide every 15 days from ten days of 5 months to 7 months, wherein the bactericide is 800 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 600 times of 70% mancozeb wettable powder, and is used for preventing and treating persimmon anthracnose, persimmon round spot and the like; turning over and ploughing a tree disc before winter to eliminate overwintering larvae; in winter, the garden is cleared in time, and the source of the pests is eliminated. The pesticide can effectively slow down the drug resistance of the pests and improve the control effect by adopting the matching and alternate use of a plurality of medicaments.
It should be noted that, for simplicity of description, the above-mentioned method embodiments are described as a series of acts or combination of acts, but those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention is not limited by the order of acts, as some steps may occur in other orders or concurrently in accordance with the invention. Further, those skilled in the art should also appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments and that the acts and modules referred to are not necessarily required by the invention.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A grafting planting method of Taiqiu sweet persimmon is characterized in that the grafting planting method of Taiqiu sweet persimmon comprises the following steps,
step S1, grafting the woody buds of the persimmons in the autumn to wild persimmon stocks, wherein the wild persimmon stocks are grafted to the wild persimmon stocks by adopting the woody buds of the persimmons in the autumn after the wild persimmon stocks are sowed in the winter or sowed in the spring into seedlings, and the wild persimmon stocks are healed for 25-30 days and overwinter with hidden buds to obtain persimmon seedlings A;
step S2, selecting strong seedlings without plant diseases and insect pests, which are high by more than 0.4 meter, have root diameters of more than 0.4 cm, complete root systems and healed grafting joints, from the persimmon seedlings A to obtain persimmon seedlings B;
step S3, digging persimmon seedlings B with soil balls, wherein the ball diameter of the soil balls is 15-20cm, the soil balls are filled into a non-woven fabric bag, and the non-woven fabric bag opening is sealed by an adhesive tape;
step S4, transplanting the persimmon seedling B to a planting hole in a field planting way, wherein the planting row spacing is 2m multiplied by 3m to 3m multiplied by 4m before the persimmon seedling sprouts, and the length or width of the planting hole is 20-30 cm and the depth is 15-30 cm; before field planting of persimmon seedlings B, uniformly mixing 10-15 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 0.5-1 kg of calcium superphosphate and surface soil, and filling the mixture into a field planting hole; in the field planting process, keeping the integrity of soil balls of the persimmon seedlings B, removing the non-woven bag, sealing soil and tamping the periphery;
step S5, after transplanting, pouring root fixing water into the persimmon seedling B, irrigating the persimmon seedling B thoroughly, and covering grass or film on a tree disc; after transplanting the persimmon seedling B, regularly checking survival of the nursery stock with the hidden bud, and carrying out supplementary grafting and supplementary planting on the nursery stock which does not sprout or is dead; when persimmon buds grafted on the persimmon seedling B plant appear white, cutting off the stock from a level 1-2cm above the buds, and sealing the cut with wax or paint;
step S6, after the persimmon seedling B survives, applying quick-acting fertilizer or applying foliage dressing with 0.2-0.5% of urea and 0.3-0.5% of monopotassium phosphate;
step S7, fertilizing, loosening soil, weeding and preventing and controlling diseases and pests at regular intervals during the growth period of persimmon seedlings;
wherein, the wild persimmon seeds are soaked in a trisodium phosphate solution with the concentration of 8-10 percent for 25-30 minutes before being sowed in winter or spring, and are sowed after being cleaned by clear water; or placing the dried seeds in a constant temperature box at 70 ℃ for dry heat disinfection for 60-70 hours;
wherein, the process of grafting the wooden bud of the persimmons in the autumn onto the wild persimmon stock is carried out at the ambient temperature of 10-25 ℃, and the illumination intensity is less than 8000 Lux;
wherein, the humidity of the soil ball is kept between 20 and 40 percent in the process of digging and taking the persimmon seedling B with the soil ball;
wherein the diameter of the soil ball in the process of digging and taking the persimmon seedling B with the soil ball is 4-5 times of the height of the persimmon seedling B;
wherein, the persimmon seedling B is transplanted to a planting hole at the ambient temperature of 10-25 ℃ with the illumination intensity of less than 8000 Lux;
wherein, in the process of storing and transporting the persimmon seedlings B in the field planting and transplanting of the persimmon seedlings B, the environmental temperature is 10-25 ℃, the illumination is less than 8000Lux, and the humidity of soil balls is 20-40%;
in step S1, wood bud grafting with hidden bud for overwintering is adopted;
weeding and loosening the soil every 15-30 days after the persimmon seedlings B are transplanted in a field planting manner;
in the step S5, pinching when the young shoots of the persimmon seedlings B grow to 30-40 cm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010978227.9A CN111990086B (en) | 2020-09-17 | 2020-09-17 | Grafting planting method for Taiqiu sweet persimmons |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010978227.9A CN111990086B (en) | 2020-09-17 | 2020-09-17 | Grafting planting method for Taiqiu sweet persimmons |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111990086A CN111990086A (en) | 2020-11-27 |
| CN111990086B true CN111990086B (en) | 2022-02-25 |
Family
ID=73474585
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010978227.9A Expired - Fee Related CN111990086B (en) | 2020-09-17 | 2020-09-17 | Grafting planting method for Taiqiu sweet persimmons |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111990086B (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103081724A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2013-05-08 | 西北农林科技大学 | Persimmon tree grafting method |
| CN106577006A (en) * | 2017-01-21 | 2017-04-26 | 山东省果树研究所 | Sweet persimmon container seedling raising matrix and method |
| CN106718084A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2017-05-31 | 马宗刚 | A kind of cultural method of persimmon |
| CN109588263A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-04-09 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A kind of sweet tea persimmon Medium of Container Seedling and its method for culturing seedlings |
| CN111133948A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-05-12 | 广西特色作物研究院 | Cultivation method for early fruiting and high yield of Taiqiu sweet persimmons |
-
2020
- 2020-09-17 CN CN202010978227.9A patent/CN111990086B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103081724A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2013-05-08 | 西北农林科技大学 | Persimmon tree grafting method |
| CN106718084A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2017-05-31 | 马宗刚 | A kind of cultural method of persimmon |
| CN106577006A (en) * | 2017-01-21 | 2017-04-26 | 山东省果树研究所 | Sweet persimmon container seedling raising matrix and method |
| CN109588263A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-04-09 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A kind of sweet tea persimmon Medium of Container Seedling and its method for culturing seedlings |
| CN111133948A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-05-12 | 广西特色作物研究院 | Cultivation method for early fruiting and high yield of Taiqiu sweet persimmons |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111990086A (en) | 2020-11-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105941065B (en) | Soft seed pomegranate greenhouse planting method | |
| CN104641872A (en) | Cucumber cultivation method | |
| CN104542000A (en) | Cultivation method for camellia oleifera tree seedlings | |
| CN105746224A (en) | Greenhouse seedling cultivating method for kalopanax septemlobus seeds | |
| CN104823655A (en) | Cultivation method of mulberries | |
| CN109496575B (en) | Long-season planting technology for grafting eggplants in low-heat valley areas | |
| CN111096191A (en) | Dwarfing close-planting efficient cultivation technology and process method for nut fruit trees | |
| CN113079964A (en) | Seedling raising and planting method of limonium aureum | |
| CN112568048A (en) | Grafting seedling method for red pepper | |
| CN100388876C (en) | Five-finger fig root standarded and industrilized seed breeding planting method | |
| CN107258293A (en) | A kind of rich root method for culturing seedlings of toon rapid cuttage | |
| CN111837675A (en) | Large-scale grafting seedling method for small-sized seeded watermelons | |
| CN111011091A (en) | High-yield and stable-yield orange planting method | |
| CN110199757A (en) | A kind of mountain ebony mating system | |
| CN111201932A (en) | High-yield cultivation method for dogwood | |
| CN111990086B (en) | Grafting planting method for Taiqiu sweet persimmons | |
| CN105309150A (en) | Gourd planting method | |
| CN113348939A (en) | Efficient three-dimensional planting and breeding combination method for peach trees, common fescue and golden cicadas | |
| CN112119844A (en) | Simple and easy cultivation technology for strawberries in greenhouse in plateau area | |
| CN110754305A (en) | High-yield pitaya planting method | |
| CN111492884B (en) | Method for constructing cedrela sinensis cutting orchard | |
| CN108966730A (en) | A kind of disease-resistant type poplar method for cultivating seeds | |
| CN115486312B (en) | Two-stage seedling raising method for apocarya grafted seedlings in nutrition pot | |
| CN107409677A (en) | The method for culturing seedlings and cultural method of a kind of rosemary | |
| CN111631091B (en) | Interplanting method for cabbage, eggplant and green beans |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20220225 |