CN103081685A - Planting method of tree-shaped honeysuckles - Google Patents
Planting method of tree-shaped honeysuckles Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a planting method of tree-shaped honeysuckles. The planting method comprises selection of cultivated fields, sorting of the cultivated fields, planting time, the planting method, field management, tree form cultivation, pest control, reasonable using of pesticides and harvest-machining-drying. Annual seedlings which do not carry with viruses and are strong in disease resistance capacity are rapidly propagated at a high temperature and high humidity condition. Through the field planting method of scientific pruning, fertilization, and the like, the half-lignification tree-shaped honeysuckles are cultivated. Through the method, honeysuckle blossom of 4-5 stubbles is achieved, flower bud blooming time is long, yield is high, yield dry goods per tree are 400-500 grams averagely, survival rate of nursery stocks is 98%, the tree age is 30 to 50 years, and developed root systems are ideal nursery stocks for returning farmlands to forests.
Description
The present patent application is to growing seedlings of a kind of tree-like honeysuckle and dividing an application of implantation methods, and its applying date is: on 03 31st, 2012; Application number is: 2012100910741, and former invention and created name is: the growing seedlings and implantation methods of a kind of tree-like honeysuckle
Technical field
The present invention relates to the planting technology of a kind of traditional Chinese medicine honeysuckle, specifically the implantation methods of a kind of tree-like honeysuckle.
Background technology
Honeysuckle is caprifoliaceae plant dry flower or the first flower of opening of band of honeysuckle, is the traditional common medicine food dual purpose plant of China, has another name called FLOSLONICERAE, honeysuckle stem etc.
The Compendium of Material Medica record: honeysuckle is got juice can lie prostrate sulphur mercury processed, therefore the title of logical spirit is arranged, say again honeysuckle property sweet, warm, nontoxic, cure mainly the fever and chills body swollen, clothes are made light of one's life by commiting suicide and are lengthened one's life all the year round for a long time, and modern medicine study shows, honeysuckle is rich in the materials such as chlorogenic acid, cyanidenon, volatile oil and flavonoids, return lung, the heart, stomach warp, can be clearing heat and detoxicating, dispelling wind and heat from the body.For the swollen malignant boil larynx numbness of carbuncle, erysipelas, toxic-heat and blood stasis, the heating of anemopyretic cold warm disease.There is the effects such as antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiviral, hypotensive, reducing blood lipid, enhancing immunity of organisms.Be widely used in medicine, health products, daily cosmetics, food and chemical industry.The demand of the every Flos Lonicerae of China reaches more than 2,000 ten thousand kilograms at present, and 1,000 ten thousand kilograms of actual production less thaies, wherein wild output accounts for 1/10th of whole output, and although the honeysuckle process of mainly planting regional Shandong and Henan improves, but not science very owing to cultivating implantation methods, after the seedling cuttage, need the time more than 30 days just can take root, more than 10 months, just can go out garden, seedling raise period is long and survival rate is low, below 60%; Honeysuckle lignification after plantation is not obvious, and manageability, damage by disease and insect does not easily occur, so, although cultivated area yields poorly greatly, can not bring into play the maximum utilization of land resources.
In addition, Japan, Korea S also have a lot of countries in Southeast Asia more honeysuckle to be considered as to jewellery, and demand is very large in the world, has strengthened the supply breach.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly to cultivate to choose high-quality breeding honeysuckle, go out not take by high temperature, high humidity Fast-propagation the seedling that viruliferous resistance against diseases is strong, the field planting methods such as the pruning by science, fertilising, cultivate into the tree-like honeysuckle of semi-lignified, the method can make honeysuckle the flowers are in blossom 4-5 batches, the bud open hour are long, and output is high; The spy provides growing seedlings of a kind of tree-like honeysuckle and implantation methods.
For this reasonTechnical scheme of the present invention is, the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of tree-like honeysuckle is realized by following steps:
1, land readjustment furrow ridge: select sufficient water at sunshine source chiltern or half chiltern soil easily, soil is ploughed deeply to rear smooth even and furrow ridge, 1.2 meters of row spacings twice;
2, pesticide and disinfectant:
(1), on the soil after turning over, every square metre is spread 1.5 gram 50% carbendazol wettable powders and ground worm gram mixed solution, and ploughs;
(2) every square metre of nursery lot is used 2.5 kilograms of equivalent formula bordeaux mixture again, adds phenylmercuric acetate 10 grams and sprays;
(3) use again 0.5 kilogram of 3% copperas solution liquid and 3 kilograms of sprinklings of 350 times of liquid of 50% water-soluble ambam for every square metre;
Selection and the processing of 3, transplanting a cutting:
Select to give birth in 1 year healthy and strong, substantial branch, every has 2～3 joint positions, cut and cut length 10～15cm, then pluck lower blade, stay 1～2, top leaf, every leaf removes 2/3, and the cuttings lower end closely is whittled into to level and smooth inclined-plane in the joint place, every 100 are bundled into the l wisp, and the liquid glucose solution with 5% soaks the inclined-plane, lower end 3～4 hours;
4, cuttage: by soaked cutting, evenly tiltedly skewer is on the nursery lot of handling well, and insertion depth is branch 1/2～2/3;
5, spray root-growing agent: with the solubility root-growing agent aqueous solution, spray the nursery that cuttage is good;
6, scaffolding: with the plastic film scaffolding, hide, the canopy centre-height is 50cm, if need directly over nursery, build sunshade summer, keeps nursery plastics temperature of shed to be 35-40 ℃;
7, transplant: until nursery in, fast numerous branch root system grows to 5-8cm, sprouting sprouting 10cm when above, and young plant is tripped out and remigrates, and the transplanting spacing in the rows is that 2-5cm, line-spacing are 20cm, waters sufficient moisture, and will put up sunshade summer, and repoductive time is 4-October.
The implantation methods of a kind of tree-like honeysuckle is to realize by following steps:
1, the selection of planting site:
The mountain region that the honeysuckle favorable planting region is height above sea level 50-3000 rice, hills, stony desertification mountain area, meet average annual lighting delay number at 1100-1800 hour, average annual rainfall is in 1000 millimeter, and the soil is porous, fertile, well-drained silt soil, between pH value 5.6-7.8;
2, the arrangement of planting site:
The whole ground of ladder soil, bandwidth 1.5m, use sufficient base manure, and mu is executed farmyard manure 1200～1500Kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 150～300Kg, ground is ploughed and is carefully raked, and carries out escape canal, does the ridge cultivation kind;
3, plant the time:
Spring is before rudiment: in Gregorian calendar late Febuary to early April, planted; Autumn is the Gregorian calendar monthly planting of late August to 9; Planted winter in the Gregorian calendar 11-12 month;
4, method for planting:
(1) seeding row spacing: 1.2 * 1.3 meters of barren ground, hillside seeding row spacings, mu is planted 427 strains; Level land, 1.3 * 1.5 meters of transforming slope into terrace and location, hills, gentle slope seeding row spacings;
(2) before planting, prune: the dry diameter of gold and silver flower seedling, more than 0.5cm, highly stays 40cm; Miao Ganzhi, through at 0.3-0.4cm, highly stays 30-35cm; Cut off thin and delicate branch, vigorous branches stays 2-3 joint to cut off the tip, and long fibrous root is carried out to suitable retraction;
(3) the depth of planting: the depth of planting 5-7cm, gently carry seedling after earthing its root system is unfolded, water sufficient normal root water after compacting, then with dry ground, cover, prevent water evaporates.Plant rear as a day drought, water of teeming in 5 days;
5, field management:
(1) intertill and clean tillage: after planting, first, second and third year annual intertill and clean tillage is 3-4 time, while sending out young leaves, carry out for the first time, the 7-8 month carries out for the second time, before time of the year when autumn changes into winter frost, carry out for the third time, from the 4th year, only in the time of the year when autumn changes into winter in early spring, respectively carry out once, shallow outer dark in intertillage, Qi Hao railway carriage or compartment, level land ditch and enclose ditch, hillside is carried out anti-Great Gulch;
(2) fertilising: base manure commonly used has barnyard manure, people and animals to urinate compost, crop straw etc., in late fall or honeysuckle, enters resting stage, ploughs deeply grooving every year, organic manure is manured into soil, evenly is spread in groove, then by the earthen backfill of digging out in groove, and raked in ground, in order to retaining, soil moisture conservation; Fertilizing amount can be determined according to tree body size, and farmyard manure 5～6kg, chemical fertilizer 50～100g are executed in the larger every strain of tree body, and plantlet can suitably reduce; Fertile soil, but Shaoshi or do not execute, generally be advisable with often spread manuer in holes 0.15kg oil cake fertilizer or well-rotted farmyard manure 5kg;
Wherein spring, mu when shoot grows the 10cm left and right was executed urea 8-10kg, in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, fertilizer was executed, and fertilising is from trunk 20cm, spreaded manuer in holes in the both sides, level land, and rear earthing, from opening the crescent moon ditch spread, is executed in hillside fields;
Secondly summer, mu was executed compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 15kg(N.P.K respectively containing 15%), with circular groove or first quarter moon dental groove, execute as good, the dark 15cm that ditches, wide 20 ㎝, beyond trunk 30 ㎝;
6, tree-like cultivation
(1) fixed pole: by minute " section short strong, by force surely dry, insert rod tie up hold up, prevent lateral bending, year by year mend dry, enlarge tree crown " method operated;
The first step is selected and remain 3-4 sturdy from enclosing bud of base portion, makes elementary skeleton branch, all the other branches of erasing, if plant, the seedling trunk is sturdy not as the shoot sprouted from base portion spring, select a shoot to do center dry, Bock Altitude 30-40cm pinches at place, and the rear slotting rod of pinching is tied up and held up.Elementary skeleton branch grows to 5-7 joint and cuts off the tip;
Second step plant more than seedling trunk 0.5cm needn't be from shoot the gravity treatment trunk, erase trunk overhead 15cm enclose bud, retain side shoot 3-4 that sprouts on trunk, stay 3-5 to save and cut off the tip;
(2) prune
The pruning of 1. planting then spring is mainly to be shaped as the master, has cultivated trunk and one-level skeleton branch, more than 2 years, mainly removes overstocked interior thorax branch, and long spray is carried out to short sanction.The shoot that the skeleton branch top of selecting and remain is sprouted carries out suitably retraction and prevents from dragging branch to realize seedling, the trunk that righting is crooked;
2. take light pruning summer as main, by the shoot sprouted on one-level skeleton branch 2-3 the secondary side shoot of selecting and remain, in 3-4, save out and pinch, cut off other unnecessary branch;
3. autumn two layers of one-level skeleton branch extending head of trunk are suitably bounced back, remove the overstocked thin and delicate branch of interior thorax, remove the bud that encloses of trunk base portion, joint knot place, middle part or the sprouting on every side of skeleton branch base portion.
7, the extermination of disease and insect pest:
1. to put prevention first, integrated control is principle, and the various prophylactico-therapeutic measuress of integrated use reduce residue of pesticide, science to use the high-efficiency low-toxicity biologic product, and the low toxicity and low residue chemical pesticide; Select the medication in period to the agricultural chemicals sensitivity of pathogen and insect; The consumption of reduce agricultural chemicals and concentration; Adopt correct spraying method, beat the spray even; Approach and ripely to forbid during this period of time medication to the phase of picking flowers at bud;
2. agricultural methods and chemical method combine: in conjunction with winter pruning, except branch, the sick bud of preventing or cure a disease, cleaning ground fallen leaves are concentrated and are burnt or buried, to reduce the germ source; Their early stage notes extracing the disease leaf, with disease prevention, enlarges and infects.Strengthen cultivation management, improve the plant resistance against diseases, honeysuckle is wanted organic fertilizer for a long time, N fertilizer is used in control, executes P, K fertilizer more, promotes the tree vigo(u)r robust growth, improve resistance against diseases, timely draining in rainy season, reduce soil moisture, suitably prune, improve ventilation and penetrating light, be beneficial to control the generation of disease, hang sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult in the 5-8 month adult pest high-incidence season, peelling off winter and always stick up skin, earth up freeze proof, is all method preferably;
3. rationally use agricultural chemicals:
Brown spot: the 6-9 month occurs, early stage withered and yellow the coming off of blade when disease is serious, and premorbid sprays: 1:1:200 bordeaux mixture prevention doubly, their early stage sprays: 65% 500 times of mancozebs (protectiveness medicament); 5% 800 times of octicin solutions, every spray in 7-10 days once, spray 2-3 time altogether.25% Amici reaches suspending agent (Fluoxastrobin) 1000-2000 and doubly sprays;
Powdery mildew: before the rudiment in spring, tree crown sprays 3-5 ° of lime sulfur, and their early stage spraying 20% triazolone missible oil 1000-1500 doubly;
Fusarium wilt (root rot): the one, improvement soil, lowering of watertable, draining in time; The 2nd, change bad fertilising custom, the nitrogenous fertilizer such as Shaoshi urea, the multipair N-P-K composite fertilizer that uses; The 3rd, fall ill that serious plant is dug and with quicklime to the hole soil disinfection; The 4th, to take off in ill plant strain growth season soil dry in the air root, fill with root with hymexazol;
Anthracnose: their early stage is used carbendazim, living greatly M-45 agricultural chemicals;
Aphid: 10% 2000 times of imidacloprid wettable powders, 5% 2000 times of acetamiprid ECs, 1.8% 5000 times of abamectin emulsifiable concentrates;
Two spotted spider mite: 1.8% 5000 times of abamectin emulsifiable concentrates, 15% 1500 times of pyridabens, 20% goes out sweeps 1500 times of profits;
Cotton bollworm: BT emulsion 400-500 doubly, the biopesticide such as 3% triflumuron;
Coffee borer: spray 1000 times, 80% dichlorvos in 4-5 month adult emergence period and newly hatched larvae phase, hang sugar-vinegar liquid (sugar: vinegar: water: chlorophos=1:5:4:0.01) trapping adult;
Honeysuckle looper: 4.5% 1000 times of rs;
8, the processing of gathering
(1) pluck
The honeysuckle open hour concentrate, generally in 5 months, pluck first batch of flower the last ten-days period, after January, pluck successively later second and third, four batches of flowers.The standard of plucking be bud not yet open before, bud by greenly bleaching, expand on top, bottom is cyan period two spends in vain;
(2) processing: the interior pot temperature that completes is set as 180-260 ℃, and it is 200-260 ℃ that the resting period is set corresponding temperature;
9, drying
Slightly often after the processing of temperature drop temperature, enter oven drying after completing, oven temperature is controlled at 100-110 ℃, about 5 minutes time, put into lower floor, successively dry after outlet, water content should be controlled at below 10%, honeysuckle after processing is put in the coloured non-toxic plastic sack after cooling, overcoat chemical fibre woven bag prevents the plastic sack breakage, deposits the place, independent warehouse of cool place, ventilation, drying, free from extraneous odour, requires ground that the wooden pallet protection against the tide that the 20-30 centimetre is high is arranged.
Beneficial effect:
The present invention's cultivation is chosen high-quality breeding honeysuckle and is gone out not take by hot and humid Fast-propagation the seedling that viruliferous resistance against diseases is strong, the field management methods such as the pruning by science, fertilising, cultivate into the tree-like honeysuckle of semi-lignified, the method can make honeysuckle the flowers are in blossom 4-5 batches, the bud open hour are long, and output is high; The output dry product of average every tree is the 400-500 gram, and the survival rate of nursery stock is 98%, and the age of tree is 30-50; Flourishing root system is the desirable nursery stock of conceding the land to forestry.
Embodiment
One, Planting management method then
(i) management in spring
1, be honeysuckle fast growing period for the first time spring, when shoot grows 10 centimeters left and right, in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage mu, executes urea 8-10 kilogram, and fertilising is from 20 centimeters, trunk, spreads manuer in holes in the both sides, level land, and rear earthing, from opening the crescent moon ditch spread, is executed in hillside fields.
2, vegetative period, treelet was cultivated:
(1) a plurality of 3-4 sturdy branches of selecting and remain that enclose bud of sprouting from the honeysuckle base portion, make elementary skeleton branch and cultivate, other remaining branch of erasing.As thin as the seedling trunk of planting, sturdy not as the shoot that sprout spring from base portion, at this moment should select a shoot to do center dry, determine the height of trunk according to the thickness of the shoot of selecting and remain, pinch in the sturdy 40 centimeters places of trunk; 30 centimeters or 35 centimeters of trunk detailed rules and regulations are pinched, and the rear slotting rod of pinching is tied up to hold up and prevented that lateral bending from causing inclined to one side hat.The elementary skeleton branch of being selected and remain grows to 5-7 joint and cuts off the upper tip.
As plant the seedling trunk needn't be from shoot more than 0.5 centimeter the gravity treatment trunk.The bud that encloses that the trunk base portion is sprouted is erased without exception, and the side shoot of sprouting on trunk is selected and remain 3-4, stays 3-5 joint to cut off the tip, and overhead 15 centimeters straggly giving birth on trunk, do elementary skeleton branch cultivation, is also mainly to produce then spray.Elementary skeleton branch is through the reproduction period that grows in one period vegetative period, mid or late April children flower bud forms, this phase needs sufficient nutrient supply just can complete the flower bud growth growth, can utilize the foliage fertilization method to supplement the nutrients, prepare that 1000 times of liquid potassium dihydrogen phosphates spray bud and output 20 ℅ can be improved in blade face, the first tenday period of a month in May the bud maturation.
3. the extermination of disease and insect pest:
(1) powdery mildew
Prevent and treat method: rational close planting, pruning, improve the ventilation and penetrating light condition, can strengthen premunition; Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer, execute phosphorus potash fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer more and can strengthen resistance against diseases; The control of spraying of 1500 times of liquid of 15% triadimefon for their early stage (triazolone), morbidity is more seriously used 2000 times of liquid special efficacy sterilization kings to spray complete stool, 7 days 1 time, connects and sprays 2～3 times.
The control red borer, after bud exposes, the branch of finding to wither is wiped out and is burnt in time.
(2) aphid
Prevent and treat method: late March is to the early April mounted blade, when aphid starts to occur, with 1500-2000 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 2000 times of liquid of 3% acetamiprid wettable powder or anti-tooth prestige, aphid lice only all can, 5-7 days 1 time, connect spray for several times.Last medication must be carried out before plucking honeysuckle in 10～15 days.
(ii) summer management: Bian plucks rear pruning
(1) the trimming method after the earsh first planting of planting then flower Bian plucks is mainly to be shaped as the master, knot Hua Weifu.
Mainly overstocked interior thorax branch is removed, long spray is carried out to short sanction.The shoot that the skeleton branch top of selecting and remain is sprouted suitably bounces back.
(2) hoe up weeds after light pruning and topdress, mu is executed 15 kilograms of compound potassium sulfate fertilizers, requires to dig circular groove or the fertilising of first quarter moon dental groove, ditch depth 10-15 centimetre, and trench digging must too closely damage the honeysuckle root system beyond 30 centimeters, trunk, after fertilising, with soil, covers.
(3) prune in the shoot sprouted from the one-level skeleton branch after fertilising the secondary side shoot of selecting and remain, stay 2-3 on each skeleton branch, length 3-4 joint cuts off the tip, and other unnecessary branch cuts off without exception.
4. the extermination of disease and insect pest
Brown spot, prevent and treat method: in conjunction with pruning autumn and winter, cut off disease branch, sick bud, cleaning ground fallen leaves are concentrated and are burnt or buried, to reduce germ, originate.Their early stage notes extracing the disease leaf, with disease prevention, spreads.Enhance field management, improve the plant resistance against diseases.Applying organic manure, control applied nitrogen, executes phosphorus, potash fertilizer more, promotes the tree vigo(u)r robust growth, carries and do resistance against diseases, and draining in time during rainy season, reduce soil moisture, suitably prunes, and improves ventilation and penetrating light, is beneficial to control disease and occurs.
Chemical control: their early stage sprays complete stool with 2000 times of liquid of special efficacy sterilization king, separately adds 3000 times of liquid irrigating roots when more serious, within 7 days, once connects spray 2-3 time; 3, late April: control honeysuckle looper, coffee borer ，Quan garden sprays Avermectin or DDT EC, preparation sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult, the preparation of sugar-vinegar liquid: 1 part of sugar, 5 parts of vinegar, 4 parts, water, chlorophos 0.01 gram; 4, mid-May: anti-eliminating aphis, the honeysuckle looper, coffee borer, according to early April the aphid prevention method carry out; 5, mid or late June: control coffee borer larva, spray 1500 times of liquid of 80% DDT EC, as found, plant base portion ground has wood chip conscientiously to find out the aperture on trunk, injects the dichlorvos liquid of preparation with syringe in worm channel, and stops up worm channel with earth and killed.
(iii) management in autumn
1, prune: 8-9 month rainwater is more, temperature drops to honeysuckle growth preference temperature, it is also the quick phase of honeysuckle diauxic growth, sprout a plurality of buds that enclose around honeysuckle trunk base portion, joint knot place, middle part or skeleton branch base portion, growth rate is very fast, the formation water sprout is wrapped on trunk or skeleton branch, upsets the tree type, cause interior thorax gloomy, ventilation and penetrating light is bad, and damage by disease and insect easily occurs, and when pruning, will thoroughly dredge out.Two layers of one-level skeleton branch extending head of trunk are suitably bounced back, control crown diameter, prevent shading.Internally the overstocked thin and delicate branch of thorax is removed, and branch is distributed rationally.
2, the extermination of disease and insect pest:
(1) disease: mainly prevent brown spot, downy mildew 7 one September, prevents and treats method: use 1500-2000 times of liquid of biopesticide special efficacy sterilization king to spray plant and blade face and the back side 3000 times of liquid of (comprising all ground, garden) the serious use of falling ill and filled with root.
(2): insect pest: coffee borer is the important moth stem of honeysuckle insect, it is survived the winter with adult and two kinds of worms of larva, Overwintering Larvae gnaws through the limb epidermis mid-April in Second Year, pupate by the end of April-mid-May, late May emergence adult, lay eggs subcutaneous in thick limb of post-coitum, after hatching, larva is first at limb xylem surface moth food, along with increasing, larva vertically eats into food to xylem gradually, form full of twists and turns gallery on xylem, fracture in rear gallery and be full of wood chip and worm excrement, very hard, the limb surface is without the defecation hole, be difficult to find, killed plant growing way is weak, killed for successive years, whole strain is withered.
Prevent and treat method
A, while finding that cauline leaf is withered suddenly, carefully check, find out worm channel, draw out wood chip worm excrement, with 1000 times of liquid dichlorvos solution of syringe pump concentration, inject in right amount gallery, until liquid is from the worm channel outflow, then live worm channel by mudding.
B, known late May, for sprouting wings the adult stage, can be prepared the sugar-vinegar liquid trapping.The preparation of sugar-vinegar liquid: 1 part, sugar, 5 parts of vinegar, 4 parts, water, 0.01 part, chlorophos, after mixing, put in the container that actinal surface is large, be placed on uniformly in honeysuckle ground and trap and kill adult.
C, late May are spawning periods, with 600 times of liquid of 50% phoxim, kill.
D, July early and middle ten days, mid-September, early October: control honeysuckle looper 1-3 is for larva, and prevent and treat method: full garden sprays 1500 times of liquid of 80% DDT EC, finds that wilting appears in shoot to cut off and burn in time, relies mainly on prevention at ordinary times, strengthens observing.
(iv) winter management
1, the winter cuts: according to planting area, determine that the winter cuts the time, in solar calendar December, be generally the winter to cut the time, the position of giving birth to according to tree type and one-level skeleton branch is pruned, the method of pruning from top to bottom, from the inside to surface, sprig after first bough, wipe out juxtaposition branch, thin and delicate branch, sick branch, and the sagging skeleton branch landed bounces back.
2 ,Qing gardens: the winter is cut the sick branch of rear removing, sick leaf is concentrated and burnt; Weed a garden, soil deeptillage, open loop ditch or first quarter moon dental groove mu are executed 50 kilograms of compound potassium sulfate fertilizers, or mu executes the cake fertilizer after the fermentation of 1000 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures or 100-150 grams, water the foot water of surviving the winter; Shallow outer dark in intertillage, Qi Hao railway carriage or compartment, level land ditch and enclose ditch, hillside is carried out anti-Great Gulch.With garden hundred scholars or the clear garden of lime sulfur to ground and complete stool spray disinfectant.
Two, Second Year management method
(i) management in spring
1, the rod of tying up of surely doing use the first year is changed, regularly hoed up weeds and topdress.
2, carry out bud picking, the work of taking the lead: the first year, the fixed dry plant base portion of erasing enclosed bud; The uncertain dry plant sturdy branch of selecting and remain branch from the first year is made trunk, or the trunk that the upright sturdy bud of selecting and remain from enclose bud is done this strain cultivates, and erases that other encloses bud, and the bud that encloses after selecting and remain grows up to after shoot the 30-40cm place and pinches and cut off the tip, and slotting rod is tied up and held up.Select and remain 3-4 and make the initial stage skeleton branch from the branch of growth in the first year in addition, triangular in shape or four corners of the world direction and is given birth to, and cuts off other unnecessary branch; Elementary skeleton branch length stays 5-7 joint to cut off the tip.
3, control the water sprout growth
The erase water sprout of base portion of skeleton branch, stay 2-3 secondary side shoot on one-level bone branch, the secondary side shoot stays 2-3 joint to cut off the tip.
4, the control top is mended dry: the shoot that the skeleton branch top is sprouted stays 3-4 joint to expand hat.
Select and remain one upright sturdy a plurality of shoots that sprout from the trunk top, in 30 cm left and right height, cut off the trunk of the tip as secondary supplement, 3 the sturdy branches of selecting and remain from the secondary trunk is sprouted several side shoots of again, stay 3-4 joint to cut off the tip as second layer one-level skeleton branch, cut off all the other branches.New dry being bundled in of secondary supplement inserted on rod.
5, fertilising: when mid-April, the children flower bud formed, with 1000 times of liquid potassium dihydrogen phosphates or other foliage fertilizer, spray blade face when dew is not dry.
6, the extermination of disease and insect pest is carried out with reference to planting the techniques of pest control then.
(ii) summer management main points
Spend period for first batch
1, adopted the first tenday period of a month in May after the first planting spends, plant has been carried out to light pruning, cut off thin and delicate branch, sick branch, long spray has gently been bounced back, stayed the 2-3 joint to cut off the tip; Sagging skeleton branch is cut off to hanging portion from the back of a bow; Remove the overstocked branch of interior thorax, the plant branch is distributed rationally, ventilation and penetrating light.
2, topdress and hoe up weeds, mu is executed compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 15kg(N.P.K respectively containing 15%), with circular groove or first quarter moon dental groove, execute as good, ditch dark 15 centimetres, wide 20 centimetres, beyond 30 centimetres, trunk.
3, the extermination of disease and insect pest: carry out according to the techniques of pest control then.
Spend period for second batch
1, after early June regrowth hair harvesting, two layers of one-level skeleton branch have been sprouted on the new trunk that supplement spring, whether the length that will conscientiously observe the one-level skeleton branch when pruning is suitable, cover the illumination of lower floor's branch as long, during pruning, to suitably bounce back, summer pruning is wanted light pruning, above little under principle greatly.，
(iii) manage main points autumn,
In the fall, mid or late July is plucked the 3rd batch of flower for the 3rd batch of flower and the 4th batch of Huadu, and mid or late August is plucked the 4th batch of flower, carries out light pruning after having plucked, and trimming method and aestival aspect are same.Fertilising after pruning, the extermination of disease and insect pest are managed identical with First Year.
(iv) winter management main points
Winter management mainly prune, apply fertilizer ,He Qing garden sterilization.
1, prune cultivating plant preferably, from top to bottom, should be from top to bottom to the plant that is wound in frame, at first pruned the first half of trunk, removed top around the head branch, and then from everywhere, sprig after first bough, after first sparse branching, short sanction, remove sick branch, the juxtaposition branch, the lower back branch, the thin and delicate branch in interior thorax, sagging peripheral branch bounces back, remove tiller and the elementary skeleton branch of base portion, expose trunk.
2, intertillage, fertilising ,Qing garden, sterilization: according to the First Year management method, operate.
Three, the 3rd year management method
(i) management in spring
1, spring: be mainly the supplementary trunk cultivation of the upright thick new branch do of trunk apical growth of selecting and remain, breeding method is with Second Year spring, other unnecessary caulody is erased without exception, through 3 years, mends and does, and honeysuckle plant height overall reaches 1.3 meters, basically having completed pinches mends dry task, also can determine the total height of plant according to soil condition, such as field planting, soil is more fertile, can also mend again once new trunk the 4th year spring, can make plant reach 1.5 meters height.
2, expand hat: expanding hat dry with benefit is to synchronize two tasks of carrying out, trunk promotes crown diameter and and then enlarges, complement each other essential, expanding hat is mainly that the shoot that allows the key top of each layer of one-level sprout gives birth to extension, the annual 20 centimeters left and right of hat of expanding, long easily sagging, too short not reaching expanded the requirement of being preced with, and also can determine according to the length of branch internode that 2-3 joint cut off the upper tip.
3, the cultivation of three grades of side shoots, three grades of side shoots and are given birth on the secondary side shoot.Breeding method: the one, select sturdy shoot, the 2nd, the better suited position of growing, the 3rd, retain 2-3 joint and take the lead.
4, bud picking: generally carry out when enclosing bud and grow to 5-10cm, if it is undesirable that the one-level bone branch of cultivating in the 1 year or the position of side shoots at different levels the direction of giving birth to, within the 3rd year, when erasing trunk middle part sprouting, select and remain one give birth to the good shoot of direction and wait to grow to suitable length and retain 4-5 joint or 5-7 and save and cut off the tip, as changing, irrational skeleton branch or side shoot are standby, the replacing time is to have adopted after the first planting spends, and wipes out irrational skeleton branch and is shoot and allow out position.
5, hoe up weeds, fertilising, the extermination of disease and insect pest: according to management method operation then.
(ii) summer, management in autumn
1, the pruning after picking flowers, process, picking flowers, intertillage fertilising, the extermination of disease and insect pest, according to management method operation then.
2, the pruning in later stage in autumn: operate according to Second Year management method in autumn.
(iii) winter management
1, the winter cuts: the program of pruning and method and the sterilization of extermination of disease and insect pest ,Qing garden operate according to Second Year winter pruning method.
2, fertilising: along with the expansion of plant, flower yield increases, and the nutrient needed increases relatively, and the 3rd year winter, the base manure amount should be increased to the cake fertilizer after mu is executed 75kg compound potassium sulfate fertilizer and 100-150g fermentation.
Four, the management method of the 4th year and the 5th year
Pruning one spring is that enough knots of selecting and remain are spent female branch, the 2nd, and utilize newborn branch to adjust angle, the direction of skeleton branch, distinguish effective branch and invalid branch, a little less than going, stay by force.The knot of selecting and remain spends the female branch base diameter must be more than 0.5 centimetre.Each secondary skeleton branch stays at most knot to spend 2-3, female branch, and each three grades of skeleton branch stays at most 4-5, and complete stool stays 80-100, can determine according to the height of tree type needed suitable number.It is 8-10 centimetre that knot is spent the distance between female branch, and 30 centimeters left and right of interfloor distance, can not be overstocked, to knot, spends female branch still to stay 2-5 joint to cut off top, and other branches all remove.
The management in 2-4 season: according to management method operation in the 3rd year.
Five, become the management method of tree in age
After 5 years, honeysuckle enters knot flower full-bloom stage fully, and shaping completes substantially, turn to high yield, in the stable yields stage, pruning task at this moment is mainly that the healthy and strong knot of selecting and remain is spent female branch, knot is spent the source of female branch, 80% be primary tiller, 20% be Secondary Branch, knot spends female branch to upgrade every year, more healthy and strong better, only have strong female branch could take out spray more, reach high yield, the purpose of stable yields.Next is to adjust to upgrade two, three grades of skeleton branches, stays by force the rejuvenation tree vigo(u)r a little less than going, shearing procedure is: upper back, first bottom, outside behind first the inside, sprig after first bough, cutting back after first sparse branching, remove the intersection branch, descending branch, withered weak branch, sick branch and whole invalid branches, the knot stayed spends female branch to carry out cutting back, stay 3-5 joint, lopwood all cuts, and is evenly distributed, rationally distributed, interval between branch still remains between 8-10 centimetre.
Pruning and rich water relation is very large, and what soil was fertile, water and fertilizer condition is good can gently cut, otherwise heavily cuts, and in the ordinary course of things, the stayed 80-100 of tree vigo(u)r stalwartness knot spent female branch, can determine according to the height of tree type needed suitable number.
Six, the trimming method of aged tree
30 years later honeysuckles, the tree type is old and feeble gradually, and pruning is at this moment spent female branch except staying enough knots, is mainly to carry out the skeleton branch rejuvenating, to give birth to shoot more, make that the age of tree is old and branch is little age, can keep output, method is to dredge to cut to lay equal stress on, and after urging before pressing down, removes in time the water sprout on trunk.
Fast through the seedling early growth speed of cultivating of the present invention, within 3 days, just can take root, within 3 months, just can go out garden, and well developed root system, survival rate Gao Keda is more than 98%, and resistance against diseases is strong; According to management method management of the present invention, after 3 years, can enter high yield period after plantation, the honeysuckle trunk can reach 1.5 meters, trunk leading thread 4cm left and right, crown diameter can reach 1.4 meters, and tubercle is short, bud is large, and per mu yield can reach 200kg above (dry product), active ingredient after testing chlorogenic acid content up to more than 4.8%.
Claims (1)
1. the implantation methods of a tree-like honeysuckle is characterized in that: be to realize by following steps:
One, the selection of planting site:
The mountain region that the honeysuckle favorable planting region is height above sea level 50-3000 rice, hills, stony desertification mountain area, meet average annual lighting delay number at 1100-1800 hour, average annual rainfall is in 1000 millimeter, and the soil is porous, clay fertilizer fertile, well-drained silt soil, between pH value 5.6-7.8;
Two, the arrangement of planting site:
The whole ground of ladder soil, bandwidth 1.5m, use sufficient base manure, and mu is executed farmyard manure 1200～1500Kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 150～300Kg, ground is ploughed and is carefully raked, and carries out escape canal, does the ridge cultivation kind;
Three, plant the time:
Before rudiment, planted in Gregorian calendar late Febuary to early April spring; Autumn is the Gregorian calendar monthly planting of late August to 9; Planted winter in the Gregorian calendar 11 to December;
Four, method for planting:
(1) seeding row spacing: 1.2 * 1.3 meters of barren ground, hillside seeding row spacings, mu is planted 427 strains; 1.3 * 1.5 meters of level land, transforming slope into terrace and location, hills, gentle slope seeding row spacings;
(2) before planting, prune: the dry diameter of gold and silver flower seedling, more than 0.5cm, highly stays the 40cm left and right; Miao Ganzhi, through at 0.3-0.4cm, highly stays 30-35cm; Cut off thin and delicate branch, vigorous branches stays 2-3 joint to cut off the tip, and long fibrous root is carried out to suitable retraction;
(3) the depth of planting: the depth of planting 5-7cm, gently carry seedling after earthing its root system is unfolded, water sufficient normal root water after compacting, then with dry ground, cover, prevent water evaporates; Plant rear as a day drought, water of teeming in 5 days;
Five, field management:
(1) intertill and clean tillage: after planting, first, second and third year annual intertill and clean tillage is 3-4 time, while sending out young leaves, carry out for the first time, the 7-8 month carries out for the second time, before time of the year when autumn changes into winter frost, carry out for the third time, from the 4th year, only in the time of the year when autumn changes into winter in early spring, respectively carry out once, shallow outer dark in intertillage, Qi Hao railway carriage or compartment, level land ditch and enclose ditch, hillside is carried out anti-Great Gulch;
(2) fertilising: base manure commonly used has barnyard manure, human urine compost, crop straw, in late fall or honeysuckle, enters resting stage, in conjunction with ploughing deeply grooving every year, organic manure is manured into soil, evenly is spread in groove, then by the earthen backfill of digging out in groove, and raked in ground, in order to retaining, soil moisture conservation; Fertilizing amount can be determined according to tree body size, and farmyard manure 5～6kg, chemical fertilizer 50～100g are executed in the larger every strain of tree body, and plantlet can suitably reduce; Fertile soil, but Shaoshi or do not execute, generally be advisable with often spread manuer in holes 0.15kg oil cake fertilizer or well-rotted farmyard manure 5kg; Wherein spring, mu when shoot grows the 10cm left and right was executed urea 8-10kg, in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, fertilizer was executed, and fertilising is from trunk 20cm, spreaded manuer in holes in the both sides, level land, and rear earthing, from opening the crescent moon ditch spread, is executed in hillside fields;
Secondly summer, mu was executed compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 15kg(N.P.K respectively containing 15%), with circular groove or first quarter moon dental groove, execute as good, the dark 15cm that ditches, wide 20 ㎝, beyond trunk 30 ㎝;
Six, tree-like cultivation
(1) fixed pole: by segmentation short strong, by force surely dry, insert rod and tie up and hold up, prevent lateral bending, mend dry, as to enlarge tree crown method year by year and operated;
The first step is selected and remain 3-4 sturdy from enclosing bud of base portion, makes elementary skeleton branch, all the other branches of erasing, and Bock Altitude 30-40cm pinches at place, and the rear slotting rod of pinching is tied up and is held up; Elementary skeleton branch grows to 5-7 joint and cuts off the tip;
Second step plant more than seedling trunk 0.5cm erase trunk overhead 15cm enclose bud, retain side shoot 3-4 that sprouts on trunk, stay 3-5 to save and cut off the tip;
(2) prune
The pruning of 1. planting then spring, to be shaped as the master, has been cultivated trunk and one-level skeleton branch, more than 2 years, removes overstocked interior thorax branch, and long spray is carried out to short sanction; The shoot that the skeleton branch top of selecting and remain is sprouted carries out suitably retraction and prevents from dragging branch to realize seedling, the trunk that righting is crooked;
?2. take light pruning summer as main, by the shoot sprouted on one-level skeleton branch 2-3 the secondary side shoot of selecting and remain, in 3-4, save out and pinch, cut off other unnecessary branch;
3. autumn two layers of one-level skeleton branch extending head of trunk are suitably bounced back, remove the overstocked thin and delicate branch of interior thorax, remove the bud that encloses of trunk base portion, joint knot place, middle part or the sprouting on every side of skeleton branch base portion;
Seven, the extermination of disease and insect pest:
1. to put prevention first, integrated control is principle, and the various prophylactico-therapeutic measuress of integrated use reduce residue of pesticide, science to use the high-efficiency low-toxicity biologic product, and the low toxicity and low residue chemical pesticide; Select the medication in period to the agricultural chemicals sensitivity of pathogen and insect; The consumption of reduce agricultural chemicals and concentration; Adopt correct spraying method, beat the spray even; Approach and ripely to forbid during this period of time medication to the phase of picking flowers at bud;
2. agricultural methods and chemical method combine: in conjunction with winter pruning, except branch, the sick bud of preventing or cure a disease, cleaning ground fallen leaves are concentrated and are burnt or buried, to reduce the germ source; Their early stage notes extracing the disease leaf, with disease prevention, enlarges and infects;
Strengthen cultivation management, improve the plant resistance against diseases, honeysuckle is wanted organic fertilizer for a long time, N fertilizer is used in control, executes P, K fertilizer more, promotes the tree vigo(u)r robust growth, improve resistance against diseases, timely draining in rainy season, reduce soil moisture, suitably prune, improve ventilation and penetrating light, be beneficial to control the generation of disease, hang sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult in the 5-8 month adult pest high-incidence season, peelling off winter and always stick up skin, earth up freeze proof, is all method preferably;
3. rationally use agricultural chemicals:
Brown spot: the 6-9 month occurs, early stage withered and yellow the coming off of blade when disease is serious, and premorbid sprays: 1:1:200 bordeaux mixture prevention doubly, their early stage sprays: 65% 500 times of mancozebs; 5% 800 times of octicin solutions, every spray in 7-10 days once, spray 2-3 time altogether; 25% Amici reaches suspending agent 1000-2000 and doubly sprays;
Powdery mildew: 3-5 ° of lime sulfur of tree crown spraying before the rudiment in spring, their early stage spraying 20% triazolone missible oil 1000-1500 is doubly;
Fusarium wilt (root rot): the one, improvement soil, lowering of watertable, draining in time; The 2nd, change bad fertilising custom, the nitrogenous fertilizer such as Shaoshi urea, the multipair N-P-K composite fertilizer that uses; The 3rd, fall ill that serious plant is dug and with quicklime to the hole soil disinfection; The 4th, to take off in ill plant strain growth season soil dry in the air root, fill with root with hymexazol;
Anthracnose: their early stage is used carbendazim, living greatly M-45 agricultural chemicals;
Aphid: 10% 2000 times of imidacloprid wettable powders, 5% 2000 times of acetamiprid ECs, 1.8% 5000 times of abamectin emulsifiable concentrates;
Two spotted spider mite: 1.8% 5000 times of abamectin emulsifiable concentrates, 15% 1500 times of pyridabens, 20% goes out sweeps 1500 times of profits;
Cotton bollworm: BT emulsion 400-500 doubly, the biopesticide such as 3% triflumuron;
Coffee borer: spray 1000 times, 80% dichlorvos in 4-5 month adult emergence period and newly hatched larvae phase, hang sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult;
Honeysuckle looper: 4.5% 1000 times of rs;
Eight, the processing of gathering
(1) pluck
The honeysuckle open hour concentrate, generally in 5 months, pluck first batch of flower the last ten-days period, after January, pluck successively later second and third, four batches of flowers; The standard of plucking be bud not yet open before, bud by greenly bleaching, expand on top, bottom is cyan period two spends in vain;
(2) processing: the interior pot temperature that completes is set as 180-260 ℃, and it is 200-260 ℃ that the resting period is set corresponding temperature;
Nine, drying
After completing, slightly frequent temperature drop temperature is processed and is entered oven drying, oven temperature is controlled at 100-120 ℃, 5 minutes time, put into lower floor, successively dry after outlet, water content should be controlled at below 10%, honeysuckle after processing is put in the coloured non-toxic plastic sack after cooling, overcoat chemical fibre woven bag prevents the plastic sack breakage, deposits the place, independent warehouse of cool place, ventilation, drying, free from extraneous odour, requires ground that the wooden pallet protection against the tide that the 20-30 centimetre is high is arranged.
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| CN103270884A (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2013-09-04 | 胡玉涛 | Honeysuckle cultivating and harvesting method |
| CN104012347A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-09-03 | 南京麦思德餐饮管理有限公司 | Method for preventing fusarium oxysporum schlecht |
| CN104472151A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-04-01 | 成都红柿子科技有限公司 | Method for planting honeysuckle |
| CN104542528A (en) * | 2015-02-03 | 2015-04-29 | 东北林业大学 | Anoplophora glabripennis visual effect improved intercepting baffle-type trap |
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