CN103079860B - 混合*** - Google Patents

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Publication number
CN103079860B
CN103079860B CN201180043740.8A CN201180043740A CN103079860B CN 103079860 B CN103079860 B CN 103079860B CN 201180043740 A CN201180043740 A CN 201180043740A CN 103079860 B CN103079860 B CN 103079860B
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China
Prior art keywords
clutch
engine
systems according
mixing module
hybrid systems
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CN201180043740.8A
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CN103079860A (zh
Inventor
詹姆斯·F·哈茨
纳杨·V·帕特尔
弗农·D·汤普森
保罗·A·理查森
克里斯多夫·A·贝克
乔治·S·佩尔顿
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Allison Transmission Inc
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Allison Transmission Inc
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K25/00Auxiliary drives
    • B60K25/02Auxiliary drives directly from an engine shaft
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • Y10S903/903Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/951Assembly or relative location of components
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种混合***,所述混合***包括设置在发动机和变速箱之间的混合模块。混合***包括用于存储来自混合模块的能量和将能量提供给混合模块的能量存储***。逆变器将电能在能量***和混合模块之间传递。混合***也包括冷却***、DC‑DC转换器和高压抽头。混合模块设计为例如在制动期间回收能量以及驱动车辆。混合模块包括为了循环流体而与电动泵和机械泵一起的电机(电机器)。离合器提供了在发动机和电机之间的单一起作用的连接。混合***还结合入了构造为由发动机和/或电机提供动力的能量输出单元(PTO)。

Description

混合***
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2011年4月18日提交的美国临时专利申请61/476492的优先权,这里其以引用的方式结合到本文中。本申请还要求2010年9月10日提交的美国临时专利申请61/381615的优先权,这里其以引用的方式结合到本文中。
背景技术
随着对全球气候变化以及油料供应的日益关注,近来已经存在一种开发用于机动车的多种混合***的趋势。虽然已经提出了多种混合***,但是该***典型地要求显著地改动车辆的传动系。这些改动使得难以对已存在车辆的***进行改装。此外,这些***中的一些具有导致显著的功率损失的趋势,这又损害了车辆的燃料经济性。
因此,在此领域中需要改进。
发明内容
这里描述的混合***解决了数个上文提及的问题和其他的问题。例如,如果需要的话,混合***设计为易于对现有的传动系设计进行改装。混合***具有使得其易于安装在发动机和变速箱之间而不需要显著改动的紧凑设计。此外,混合***通常为整装地和自立式的***,其能够不需要显著地消耗来自车辆中其他***的资源而起作用。这种自立式设计又降低了对于其他***、例如变速箱和润滑***所需要的修改的量,这是由于其他***的容量不必增加以补偿由混合***产生的增加的工作负荷。例如,混合***结合了其自己的能够独立于变速箱和发动机而工作的润滑和冷却***。流体循环***包括用于与当需要时可为机械泵分担工作负载的电动泵一起循环流体的机械泵,所述流体可用作润滑剂、液压流体和/或冷却剂。如下文将进一步解释地,这种双重机械/电动泵***有助于降低所要求的机械泵的尺寸和重量,并且如果需要,也允许***在完全电动模式中运转,在所述完全电动模式中仅有电动泵循环流体。
如将从下文描述中理解地是,混合***结合了有助于使***的装配和安装合理化的几个特征。混合***包括多个将根据整个***来讨论的主要子部件。例如,***包括具有电机器(电机)的混合模块、机械压力泵和电动压力/流动泵、可脱开的离合器和底槽模块。***还包括界面,水-乙二醇(WEG)-空气/油-空气冷却***、变速箱和混合控制模块、逆变器、能量存储***和DC-DC转换器。当然,***包括其他也将描述的辅助部件。
混合模块通过飞轮和具有与输入轴花键连接的输入驱动盘而连接于发动机。这种花键连接简化了混合模块和发动机之间的连接。没有花键连接,发动机和混合模块两者将需要进行分度,以有助于将两个部件螺栓连接在一起。输入轴同样通过花键连接而连接于离合器轮毂,这又使得输入轴能够从混合模块中移除以有助于维修。即,不需要将整个混合模块拆开以允许移除、维修和/或更换输入轴或其他部件。离合器轮毂又连接于同样固定于电机的转子的输入驱动离合器。混合模块包括电机,所述电机包括固定于外壳体的定子和连接于转子轮毂的转子。
转子轮毂又通过转换器驱动适配环连接于扭矩转换器。适配环在转子轮毂和扭矩转换器之间产生了花键式连接。这种花键连接又允许混合模块安装到扭矩转换器和变速箱,而不需要对扭矩转换器进行分度。在传统的非混合(即没有混合模块)设置中,当发动机直接耦合于扭矩转换器时,适配环设计为螺栓连接于所使用的相同的螺栓孔。可使用不同尺寸和/或形状的适配环,使得可使用不同的混合模块-变速箱组合。这有助于降低将混合***改装为不同的变速箱设计的费用。例如,通过使用不同的适配环,可将相同类型的混合模块安装在带有不同整体尺寸和/或形状的变速箱的扭矩转换器上。相反地,根据操作要求,不同构造的混合模块可便宜地连接于相同类型的传动***。
如前文所提及,输入轴具有与发动机和离合器轮毂两者的花键式连接,这又简化了混合模块的安装和为了维修而移除输入轴。尽管这种结构是有帮助的,但是在装配期间其可导致离合器轮毂滑出混合模块。为了解决这种问题,转子轮毂结合有阻挡法兰,例如当将混合模块转向其端部时,所述阻挡法兰会阻止离合器轮毂滑出输入轴。
在这种混合设计中,离合器提供了在内燃机和扭矩转换器或电机之间的唯一有效的连接。即,需要接合离合器以将动力从内燃机传递到扭矩转换器或电机。离合器本身相对于电机的转子径向向里而设置,以提供沿传动系纵轴的紧凑设计。这种紧凑设计降低了混合模块所需要的在扭矩转换器和发动机之间的空间。可容易地将车辆驱动轴的长度缩短以容纳混合模块。
混合模块的紧凑设计对其多个子部件、例如其液压装置和离合器方面提出了要求和约束。为了提供轴向紧凑设置,离合器的活塞具有凹陷以接收使活塞返回到通常脱开的位置处的活塞弹簧。活塞中的用于弹簧的凹陷造成了在活塞的相反表面中的不平衡。这种不平衡由导致用作活塞的液压流体的流体积聚的高离心力而加剧。结果,形成了对于活塞压力的非线性关系,这使得非常难以精确地控制活塞。为了解决这种问题,活塞具有偏置部分,使得活塞的两侧具有相同的面积和直径。通过相同面积,可严格并可靠地控制离合器的操作。用于离合器的液压装置也结合有溢出特征,这降低了液压锁定的风险,同时保证了适当地填充和润滑。
除了用作离合器的液压流体之外,流体也可用作电机以及其他部件的冷却剂。混合模块包括限定了流体通道的套筒,流体通道为了冷却的目的而围绕着电机。套筒具有多个将流体从流体通道喷射到定子绕组上并因此冷却绕组的喷射通道,所述绕组通常趋向于产生了对于电机来说的大部分的热。流体具有从混合模块和在扭矩转换器周围泄漏的趋势。为了阻止扭矩转换器的动力损失,扭矩转换器周围的区域应当为相对干燥,即没有流体。为了保持流体不溢出并且不侵袭扭矩转换器,混合模块包括阻挡装置和挡油装置。特别地,混合模块具有驱使流体经阻挡构件中的窗口或孔返回到电机的叶轮片。随后,将流体排到泵里使得流体可再循环。
混合模块具有多个不同的操作模式。在启动模式期间,电池为电机和电动泵提供动力。一旦泵达到所需要的油压,离合器活塞来回运动以使离合器工作。随着离合器接合,电机施加动力以启动发动机。在仅充电推进模式期间,离合器脱开,并且仅使用电机以驱动扭矩转换器。在推进辅助模式中,发动机的离合器接合,并且电机用作马达,在其中发动机和电机两者驱动扭矩转换器。而在推进-充电模式中,离合器接合,并且内燃机仅驱动车辆。电机以发电机模式操作,以产生存储在能量存储***内的电能。混合模块也可用于使用再生制动(即再生充电)。在再生制动期间,发动机的离合器脱开,并且电机作为发电机操作,以向能量存储***提供电能。***也设计为发动机压缩制动,在这种情况中,发动机的离合器接合,并且电机也作为发电机操作。
此外,***也设计为使用动力输出(PTO)和电PTO(ePTO)模式两者,以操作辅助设备例如起重机、制冷***、液压升降装置等。在通常PTO模式中,离合器和PTO***接合,并且内燃机用于驱动辅助设备。在ePTO状态中,离合器脱开,并且电机用作为马达,以通过PTO驱动辅助设备。当在PTO或ePTO操作模式中时,变速箱可根据要求为空挡或为连接。
通过详细描述和随之提供的附图,本发明其他的形式、目的、特征、方面、好处、优点和实施方案将变清楚。
附图说明
图1说明了混合***的一个实施例的示意图。
图2说明了可结合到图1的混合***中的示例性通信***的总图。
图3是耦合于用在图1的混合***中的变速箱的混合模块的立体图。
图4是图3的混合模块-变速箱子组件的俯视图。
图5是在图3中说明的混合模块-变速箱子组件的立体、局部剖视图。
图6是在图3中说明的混合模块-变速箱子组件的后部立体、局部剖视图。
图7是在图3中说明的混合模块-变速箱子组件的剖视图。
图8是在图7中说明的剖视图的上部部分的放大视图。
图9是在图7的剖视图中显示的离合器子组件的放大视图。
图10是在图7中的离合器子组件的剖视图的第二放大视图。
图11是图7中剖视图的下部部分的放大视图。
图12是用于图3中说明的混合模块的壳体的变速箱侧的端部立体图。
图13是图12的混合模块壳体的变速箱侧的顶部立体图。
图14是带有动力输出(PTO)单元的混合模块-变速箱子组件的剖视图。
图15和15A-E显示了用于混合***中的电***的布线图。图15显示了用于混合***中的电***的总布线图。图15A是显示了来自图15的一些布置的放大视图,这些布置在图15B、C、D和E中示出。
图16是显示了多种指令和信息如何在混合***中的不同部件之间传递的通信图。
图17是用于混合***的一个实施例的模式转换图。
图18是在不工作状态中的混合***的功能图。
图19是在初始化或启动模式中的混合***的功能图。
图20是在充电空挡模式中的混合***的功能图。
图21是在电动辅助(eAssist)推进模式中的混合***的功能图。
图22是在电动驱动(eDrive)模式中的混合***的功能图。
图23是在推进充电模式中的混合***的功能图。
图24是在再生制动充电模式中的混合***的功能图。
图25是在发动机压缩制动模式中的混合***的功能图。
图26是在动力输出(PTO)模式中的混合***的功能图。
图27是在电能输出(ePTO)模式中的混合***的功能图。
图28是在无充电空挡模式中的混合***的功能图。
图29是在发动机停止空挡模式中的混合***的功能图。
图30是在推进启动模式中的混合***的功能图。
图31是根据结合了具有与图11所示不同构造的挡油叶片的另一实施方案的混合模块的放大剖视图。
图32是图31中说明的挡油叶片的立体图。
图33是混合***的另一实施例的立体图。
图34是用在图33的混合***中的混合模块的剖视图。
图35是图34的混合模块的放大的部分立体图。
图36是图34的混合模块的上部部分的放大的剖视图。
图37是图34的混合模块的离合器组件的放大的剖视图。
图38是显示了离合器组件内的润滑剂流动路径的放大的剖视图。
图39是图34的混合模块中的机械泵的放大的剖视图。
图40是用于驱动图39的机械泵的齿轮的键设置的部分立体图。
图41是用于驱动图39的机械泵的栓锁设置和齿轮的部分立体图。
图42是显示了输入轴上的轴向花键磨损的部分立体图。
图43是显示了用于降低输入轴上的花键磨损的花键润滑设置的放大的横截面图。
图44是显示了用于降低输入轴上的花键磨损的挠性板设置的放大的横截面图。
图45是显示了用于降低输入轴上的花键磨损的减震器设置的放大的横截面图。
图46是图34的混合模块的前视图。
图47是用于图33的混合***中的逆变器的布线图。
具体实施方式
出于更好地理解本发明原理的目的,现在将参照在附图中说明的实施方案,并且使用详细的语言来对其进行描述。然而需要理解的是,本发明的范围并不因此而受到限制。如同与本发明相关的领域的技术人员所通常想到的那样,可以构思出对在此描述的实施方案的任何修改和进一步的改进,以及对此处所描述的本发明原理的进一步应用。这里非常详细地显示了本发明的一个实施方案,然而对于本领域的技术人员来说很明显,为了简要起见,一些与本发明无关的特征也许不会显示出来。
对于说明书和权利要求书来说,应当注意地是,单数形式“一”、“该”等也包括复数,除非另有明确说明。作为说明,关于“一个装置”或“该装置”包括一个或多个这种装置或其等效物。也应当注意地是,方向用语如“上”、“下”、“顶”、“底”等在这里仅用于方便读者,以帮助读者理解所说明的实施方案,并且使用这些方向用语并不会以任何方式将所描述的、说明的和/或要求保护的特征限制到特定方向和/或取向。
在下述描述中的标记数字用于帮助读者快速识别出首次显示了各种部件的附图。特别是,首次出现了元件的附图典型地由相应的标记数字的最左侧的数字来表示。例如,由“100”系列标记数字标出的元件将首次出现在图1中,由“200”系列标记数字标出的元件将首次出现在图2中,以此类推。
图1显示了根据一个实施方案的混合***100的示意图。图1中说明的混合***100适合用于商用卡车以及其他类型的车辆或运输***,但是可以设想混合***100的多个方面可结合到其他环境中。如所示,混合***100包括发动机102、混合模块104、自动变速箱106和用于将动力从变速箱106传递到车轮110的传动系108。混合模块104中结合了电机(eMachine)112,和操作为使发动机102与电机112和变速箱106连接和断开的离合器114。
混合模块104设计为操作为自立式单元,即其通常能够独立于发动机102和变速箱106而工作。特别是,其液压、冷却和润滑不直接依赖于发动机102和变速箱106。混合模块104包括底槽116,所述底槽用于存储和提供流体如燃油、润滑剂或其他流体到混合模块104,以用于液压、润滑和冷却的目的。虽然这里可互换地使用用语燃油或润滑剂,但是这些用语以较宽的意义来使用,以包括不同类型的润滑剂,例如天然油或合成油,以及具有不同性质的润滑剂。为了循环流体,混合模块104包括机械泵118和电动(或电气)泵120。通过机械泵118和电动泵120两者的这种结合,能减小泵的整体尺寸以及整体费用。电动泵120可补充机械泵118,以便当需要时提供额外的泵排量。此外可以理解,流经过电动泵120的流体可用于检测用于混合模块104的低流体情况。在一个实施例中,电动泵120由加拿大安大略省奥罗拉的Magna International Inc.制造(零件编号29550817),但是可以理解,可以使用其他类型的泵。
混合***100还包括冷却***122,所述冷却***用于冷却供给到混合模块104的流体以及供给到混合***100的随后将详细描述的多种其他部件的水-乙二醇(WEG)。在一个变体中,WEG也可循环经过电机112的外部壳体以冷却电机112。应当注意地是,将相对于WEG冷却剂来描述混合***100,但是也可使用其他类型的防冻剂和冷却流体,例如水、乙醇溶液等。如图1所示,循环***122包括冷却用于混合模块104的流体的流体散热器124。冷却***122还包括构造为冷却用于混合***100中的多种其他部件的防冻剂的主散热器126。通常在大多数车辆中,主散热器126是的发动机散热器,但是主散热器126不必须为发动机散热器。冷却风扇128驱动空气流经流体散热器124和主散热器126。循环或冷却剂泵130使得防冻剂循环到主散热器126处。应理解地是,使用冷却***122可冷却已经说明的组件之外的其他多种组件。例如,通过冷却***122同样可冷却变速箱106和/或发动机102。
混合模块104内的电机112根据操作模式有时用作发电机,而在其他时候用作马达。当用作马达时,电机112使用交流电(AC)。当用作发电机时,电机112产生AC。逆变器132转换来自电机112的AC并将其提供给能量存储***134。在一个实施例中,电机112为由美国印第安纳州彭德尔顿的Remy International,Inc.生产的HVH410系列电机,但是可以设想可使用其他类型的电机。在所说明的实施例中,能量存储***134存储能量,并且将其作为直流电(DC)再提供出去。当混合模块104中的电机112用作马达时,逆变器132将DC电转化成AC,其又提供给电机112。在所说明的实施例中的能量存储***134包括三个串联在一起的能量存储模块136,以向逆变器132提供高压电能。实质上,能量存储模块136为用于存储由电机112产生的能量和将能量快速提供回电机112的电化学电池。能量存储模块136、逆变器132和电机112通过图1所示线条示出的高压线而操作性地耦合在一起。虽然所说明的实施例显示了包括三个能量存储模块136的能量存储***134,但应当理解地是,能量存储***134可包括比所示的更多或更少的能量存储模块136。此外,可以设想能量存储***134可包括任何用于存储势能的***,例如通过化学方式、气动蓄能器、液压蓄能器、弹簧、储热***、飞轮、重力装置和电容器,这里仅举了几个例子。
高压线将能量存储***134连接于高压抽头138。高压抽头138将高电压提供给连接于车辆的多种部件。包括一个或多个DC-DC转化器模块142的DC-DC转化***140将由能量存储***134提供的高压电能转化成较低压的电能,所述较低压的电能又提供给要求低电压的多种***和附件144。如图1所示,低压线将DC-DC转化器模块142连接于低压***和附件144。
混合***100结合了多个用于控制多种部件的操作的控制***。例如,发动机102具有发动机控制模块146,用于控制发动机102的多种操作特征,例如燃料喷射等。变速箱/混合控制模块(TCM/HCM)148取代了传统的传动传动模块,并且设计为控制变速箱106以及混合模块104的操作。变速箱/混合控制模块148和发动机控制模块146连同逆变器132、能量存储***134和DC-DC转化***140一起沿着如图1中描述的通信线路通信。
为了控制和监测混合***100的操作,混合***100包括界面150。界面150包括用于选择车辆是否处于驾驶、空挡、倒车等的换挡选择器152,以及包括混合***100的操作状态的多种指示器156如检查变速箱、制动压力和空气压力的指示器的仪表板154,这里仅举了几个例子。
如之前所述,混合***100构造为易于对整体设计影响最小地改装现有的车辆设计。混合***100的所有***(包括但不限于机械***、电气***、冷却***、控制***和液压***)已经构造为通常自立式的单元,使得不需要显著地改动车辆的其余部件。需要改动的部件越多,则对车辆设计和测试的要求越高,这又降低了车辆制造者采用相比于较低效率的、已存在的车辆设计而言更新的混合设计的机会。换句话说,对于混合改造,对已经存在的车辆设计的布局的显著修改又要求车辆和产品生产线的修改和昂贵的测试,以保证车辆的正确操作和安全度,并且这种费用趋向于减少或减缓使用混合***。如将理解是,混合***100不但包括最小地影响已存在的车辆设计的机械***的机械结构,而且混合***100也包括最小化地影响已存在的车辆设计的控制***和电***的控制结构/电结构。
图2显示了可用于混合***100中的通信***200的一个实施例的图。虽然显示了一个实施例,但是应当理解地是,在其他实施方案中通信***200可构造为与所显示的不同。通信***200构造为最小地影响车量的控制***和电***。为了便于对现有的车辆设计进行改装,通信***200包括混合数据线路202,混合***100的大多数多种部件通过所述混合数据线路进行通信。特别是,混合数据线路202方便了在变速箱/混合控制模块148和换挡选择器152、逆变器132、能量存储***134、低压***/附件144以及DC-DC转换模块142之间的通信。在能量存储***134中,能量存储***数据线路204方便了在多种能量存储模块136之间的通信。但是,可以构思出在其他实施方案中,多种能量存储模块136可经混合数据线路202彼此通信。通过将混合数据线路202和能量存储数据线路204与用于车辆剩余部分中的数据线路分开,混合***100的控制/电部件可以容易地关联于车辆而影响最小。在所说明的实施例中,混合数据线路202和能量存储数据线路204均具有500比特/秒(kbps)的传输速率,但是可设想地是,在其他实施例中可以其他速率来传递数据。车辆的其他部件通过车辆数据线路206与变速箱/混合控制模块148通信。特别是,换档选择器152、发动机控制模块146、仪表板154、防抱死制动***208、整体控制器210、低压***/附件144和服务工具212连接于车辆数据线路206。例如,车辆数据线路206可为250k J1939型的数据线路、500k J1939型的数据线路、通用汽车LAN或PT-CAN型的数据线路,这里仅举了几个例子。所有这些类型的数据线路可为任意的形式,例如金属线、光纤、无线频率和/或其结合,这里仅举了几个例子。
现在来看一些机械结构。图3说明了混合模块104的立体图,所述混合模块连接于自动变速箱106以形成混合模块-子传动组件300,图4显示了子组件300的顶视图。从图3中可看出,混合模块104包括混合模块壳体302,所述混合模块壳体具有混合模块104在这里与发动机102相接合的发动机接合侧304以及混合模块104在这里与自动变速箱106相接合的变速箱接合侧306。根据图1和3,混合模块104还包括高压连接器箱308,在所述高压连接器箱中容纳了来自于逆变器132的高压线310。三相交流电通过高压线310传递到高压连接器箱308。
混合模块104构造为可安装在发动机102和自动变速箱106之间,而不会对整体车辆设计有任何显著地修改。大体上说,只是简单地缩短了车辆的驱动轴,并且将混合模块104***在发动机102和自动变速箱106之间,因此填充了在发动机和自动变速箱之间的曾由较长驱动轴所占据的空间。根据这种说法,混合模块104特别设计为具有紧凑的设计,使得能够容易地将其改装成现有的车辆设计。此外,混合模块104以及剩余的部件设计为易于装配和改装为现有的自动变速箱106。如前文所提及,混合模块104也设计为整装的/自立的单元,在其中其能够起作用而不需要消耗来自车辆中其他***的资源。例如,用于混合模块104的润滑***和冷却***通常独立于发动机102和自动变速箱106而运行。如此,这使得混合模块104在其多种操作模式中更加灵活。这种自立式设计又降低了需要对其他***、例如变速箱106的修改量,这是由于不必增加其他***的容量以补偿由混合模块104产生的增加的负荷。如一个实施例,见图3,混合模块104具有独立于用于自动变速箱106的底槽的底槽116。电动泵120补充了随后将根据图5描述的机械泵118,以泵送流体流经混合模块104。
图5显示了包括来自混合模块104发动机接合侧304的立体图的混合模块104的部分剖视图的前部立体图。在发动机接合侧304上,混合模块104具有带有固定于混合模块壳体302上的泵壳体502的机械泵118。固定于输入轴506的泵传动齿轮504用于驱动机械泵118。在一个实施例中,驱动齿轮504通过止动环和键槽设置固定于输入轴506,但是可考虑地是,可以其他方式来固定驱动齿轮504。机械泵118连同电泵120一起给混合模块104提供用于润滑、液压和/或冷却目的的流体。通过将电泵120连同机械泵118一起并入,可将机械泵118制造为尺寸较小,这又降低了其所占据的所要求的空间,以及降低了与机械泵118相关的费用。此外,电泵120方便了润滑,甚至当发动机102关闭时。这又方便了混合***100的仅电操作模式以及其他模式。机械泵118和电泵120两者将流体从泵116处再次循环。流体又经过传统上设置在用于循环油和其他流体的变速箱中的孔、端口、开口和其他通道而提供到混合模块104的剩余部分处。离合器供给端口508提供了液压施加或促动离合器114的油。在所说明的实施方案中,离合器供给端口508为管状形式,但是可想象地是,在其他实施方案中其可采用其他形式,例如混合模块104内的整体通道。
如前文所提及,混合模块104设计为容易装配到发动机102和自动变速箱106两者处。为了方便相对容易地连接于发动机102,在发动机接合侧304处的输入轴506具有一系列适合于接合发动机102的输入驱动盘的花键510。花键510降低了对重新定位发动机102的曲轴以将混合模块104以传统的螺栓连接挠性板驱动***的方式固定于发动机102的需要。输入轴506也构造为能够从混合模块104中滑出,以方便输入轴506以及与输入轴506相关的部件的维修。为了进一步将混合模块104固定于发动机102,混合模块壳体302具有带有螺栓孔514的发动机法兰302,其中螺栓516用于在所述螺栓孔中将混合模块104固定于发动机102。
图6说明了源自混合模块104的传动接合侧306的立体图的的后部立体图,其包括穿过与变速箱106相连的混合模块104的部分剖视图。为了提供紧凑的设计,混合模块104的多种部件具有大体径向的取向而不是直线形偏置。这种紧凑的径向设计有助于混合模块104安装在发动机102和自动变速箱106之间,而无须对发动机102或自动变速箱106进行任何显著的修改。将从混合模块104的中心和向外展开的方式来主要描述混合模块104的多种部件。通常,这种描述将跟随从着发动机102到变速箱106的动力传递路径。来看图6,输入轴506容纳在固定到混合模块壳体302的地套管602。通常来说,地套管602相对于输入轴506定向在固定的轴向位置。输入轴轴承604安装在地套管602和输入轴506之间,以允许输入轴506相对于地套管602转动。输入轴轴承604为滚子或滚珠轴承结构,但是可设想在其他实施例中可使用不同的结构。在地套管的许多功能中,地套管602包括用于将流体从泵输送到混合模块内的多种部件的多个通道和端口,以用于离合器的控制、润滑和/或冷却。
在传动接合侧306处,混合模块104具有带有构造为与输入轴506上的花键610相接合的花键开口608的离合器轮毂606。来自地套管602的流体也方便了离合器114的促动。输入轴506和离合器轮毂606之间的这种花键连接允许输入轴506能够从混合模块104中滑出,以便于维修。也就是说,不必将整个混合模块104拆卸以允许移除、维修和/或更换输入轴506或沿着(或连接于)输入轴506设置的其他部件。可以看到,离合器114操作性地安装在离合器轮毂606和转子轮毂612之间。当离合器114接合或动作时,离合器114会导致转子轮毂612与离合器轮毂606一致地转动,因此将扭矩从输入轴506传递到转子轮毂612。转子轮毂612能够通过一对转子轮毂轴承614相对于地套管602转动,所述转子轮毂轴承设置在转子轮毂612和地套管602之间。
继续来看图6,电机112包括相对于混合模块壳体302而固定的定子616和固定于转子轮毂612上以相对于定子616转动的转子618。如将在下文中更详细地解释,电机112具有多个操作模式,在所述操作模式中,电机可根据环境而用作为电动机或发电机。为了在转子轮毂612和自动变速箱106的扭矩转换器之间形成机械连接,混合模块104包括适配环620,所述适配环螺栓连接在发动机102和扭矩转换器之间设置标准连接的位置处。适配环620与转子轮毂612形成花键型连接,使得混合模块104可容易地滑入位置以与变速箱106形成连接,因此避免了任何其他类型的分度问题。如前文所提及,当发动机102以传统、非混合设置(即没有混合模块104)地直接耦合于扭矩转换器时,适配环620设计为螺栓连接于所使用的扭矩转换器中的相同的螺栓孔。可使用不同尺寸和/或形状的适配环620,从而可使用不同的混合模块-变速箱组合。这有助于降低将混合***100改装为不同传动设计的成本。例如,使用不同的适配环620,可将相同类型的混合模块104安装在具有不同整体尺寸和/或形状的变速箱106的扭矩转换器上。相反,根据操作要求,不同结构的混合模块104可以低成本地连接于相同类型的传动***。
图7说明了混合模块104当连接在发动机102和变速箱106之间时的剖视图。发动机102具有螺栓连接有飞轮704的驱动轴702。如所示,输入驱动盘706又螺栓连接于飞轮704。输入驱动盘706具有构造为与混合模块104的输入轴506上的花键510相接合的花键槽708。通过这种连接,发动机102能够将动力传递到混合模块104。如前文所提及地,离合器114用于通过输入轴506将动力从发动机102传递到变速箱106和/或电机112。特别地,混合模块104通过适配环620固定于变速箱106内的扭矩转换器710。可以看到,适配环620在标准螺栓位置处螺栓连接于扭矩转换器710。如前文所提及,适配环620可修改为便于混合模块104在扭矩转换器710上的标准螺栓位置处与多种类型的扭矩转换器710连接。这最小化了所需要的改装量的发生。一旦固定,在适配环620和转子轮毂612之间形成花键连接。在变速箱接合侧306处,特别是在混合模块104和变速箱106之间的界面处,输入轴506具有凹陷712以接收变速箱106的凸出部分。这又有助于将混合模块104安装在发动机102和变速箱106之间的狭小空间中。
混合模块104具有多个降低污染以及降低流体损失的密封件。例如,如图7所示,混合模块104具有靠近泵传动齿轮504的密封件714以最小化流体污染和渗漏。在输入轴506的更下方,混合模块104具有设置在输入轴506和地套管602之间的衬圈716。成对滚子推力轴承718设置在离合器轮毂606的相反侧。混合模块104内的流体被收集起来,并且再循环到底槽116中。在底槽116内,混合模块104具有控制模块720,其构造为控制用于促动离合器114以及引导用于混合模块104内的其他部件的流体的液压装置。电动泵120(图3)和机械泵118两者都能够将流体循环遍及混合模块104。
图8显示了来自图7立体图的混合模块104的上部部分的放大视图。如前文所提及,流体具有除润滑之外的多个功能,例如冷却各个部件如电机112,并且提供液压力。如图8,电机112的定子616通过定子连接器线802电连接于高压线310和随后的逆变器132。在所描述的实施例中的定子连接器线802具有通常平的、弯曲的结构,但是可设想在其他结构中,定子连接器线802可为不同的形状。特别地,定子连接器线802通过定子端子块804连接于定子616。应注意地是,定子616包含多个构造为当给定子616施加电流时会产生磁场的绕组。在另一方面,转子618为永磁体形式。在一个特别的实施例中,转子618内的永磁体由磁体片堆叠而成,但是可以设想,转子618可为其他形式。转子618和定子616两者可包括易于磁化的材料。例如,在一个实施例中,转子618和定子616由硅钢或其他的粉体金属制成。可以设想,在不同的实施方案中,其可由不同材料制成。电机112内的大部分热量产生在定子616内。特别是,定子616的绕组806会产生显著的热量,并且如果热量没有以某种方式减轻,则可发生对电机112有害的加热,这可导致故障。为了解决过热问题,混合模块104使用了流体来冷却定子616的绕组806。如图8,混合模块104包括在其中容纳了混合模块104的其他部件的套筒808。套筒808形成了流体在其周围循环的冷却夹套。具体地,套筒808具有限定在套筒808和混合模块壳体302之间的流体通道810。为了密封流体通道810,混合模块104还结合有密封了流体通道810的密封件812。为了冷却绕组806,套筒808具有定位为将流体喷射到定子616的绕组806上(如图8中的箭头所示)的喷射开口814。如将根据图11更详细地讨论,适配环620具有设计为将流体送回到混合模块104的挡油叶片816。套筒808具有带有用于阻挡流体并将其引导到底槽116的挡体通道或窗口820的挡体结构818。可构思出在其他实施方案中,可将WEG冷却剂用于冷却电机112。例如,WEG冷却剂可在限定在套筒808和混合模块壳体302之间的流体通道810中循环,以冷却电机112。在这种特定实施例中,略去了喷射开口814以避免将WEG冷却剂直接喷射到绕组806上。
来看图9,图9显示了混合模块104的中部部分放大视图,辨角器组件622具有固定于混合模块壳体302上的定子部分902和通过压配安装型连接而固定于转子轮毂612上的转子部分904。辨角器组件622用作转动位置传感器,使得为了控制的目的,当电机112用作为马达和/或发电机时,可精确地确定转子618相对于电机112的定子616的位置。
为了更好地理解离合器114如何操作,现在将根据图9和10来描述离合器的功能和子部件。混合模块104的紧凑设计在其多个子部件例如其液压装置和离合器方面设置了要求和约束。来看图9,离合器114包括活塞906。活塞906可滑动地容纳在限定在转子轮毂612内的活塞腔908中。活塞906将活塞腔908分成促动室910和非促动室912。在活塞906的相反侧的端部,活塞引导构件914围绕着非促动室912的一个端部。在非促动室912的内,活塞弹簧916设置在活塞引导件914和活塞906之间。为了提供轴向紧凑的设置,用于离合器114的活塞906具有弹簧凹陷917以接收活塞弹簧916。活塞弹簧916将活塞906偏压到其中离合器114脱开的不活动状态。活塞906和活塞引导构件914两者具有一系列密封活塞腔908和非促动室912的密封件918。如所示,活塞906包括构造为压缩或接合离合器板922的离合器接合构件920。离合器板922包括一组与离合器轮毂606接合的离合器轮毂板924和一组接合于转子轮毂612的转子轮毂板926。为了方便接合和脱开或滑动,各转子轮毂板924均包括槽928,在所述槽928中容纳有离合器轮毂606的花键930。类似地,转子轮毂板926的每一个包括槽932,在所述槽932中容纳有转子轮毂612的花键934。
从图9和10中可看到,离合器板922堆积在活塞906的离合器接合构件920和固定到转子轮毂612的夹紧构件936之间。夹紧构件936和离合器板922又通过固定于转子轮毂的卡环937保持住。当活塞906与离合器板922接合时,卡环937有助于与离合器板922一起抱住夹紧构件936。夹紧构件936具有有助于混合模块104装配的独特特征。如前文所提及,输入轴506和离合器轮毂606通过花键连接610连接在一起,这使得在维修期间能容易地拉出或移除输入轴506。但是,这种容易移除输入轴506的能力会导致在混合模块104的装配期间的一些困难。特别是,这种结构会导致在初始装配期间离合器轮毂606会滑出混合模块104。从图9中可看出,在初始装配期间,当混合模块104不固定于变速箱106上时,离合器轮毂606具有移到左侧和右侧的能力,并且以任何方式都不能固定以当倒转时阻止离合器轮毂606从混合模块104中掉落。为了解决这种问题,夹紧构件936包括挡块元件或阻挡法兰938,其从夹紧构件936延伸到与离合器轮毂606上的花键930产生冲突的长度。大体上,在装配期间当混合模块104倒转或移动时,阻挡法兰938会阻止离合器轮毂606从混合模块104中掉落。如可看到地是,如果离合器轮毂606滑到图9视图中的右侧,则阻挡法兰938将最终接触或撞击离合器轮毂606上的花键930。距阻挡法兰938的距离和轨道的长度设置为使得离合器轮毂板924不能从花键930中掉落,因此将离合器轮毂606保持在混合模块104中。一旦到位,离合器板922会通过卡环恒定地保持在离合器114中。在所描述的实施例中,阻挡法兰938通常为实体,可设想地是,在其他实施方案中阻挡法兰可为不同的形状。例如,阻挡法兰938可通过包括缺口、板片等而为不连续的。
用于促动活塞906的流体通过位于地套管602中的供给通道940来提供。供给通道940具有环形槽形式的排出口942,所述排出口将流体提供到处于转子轮毂612中的中间通道944。如前文所提及,通常,地套管相对于转子轮毂612保持为静止。这种结构方便了流体在地套管602和离合器轮毂606之间传递。中间通道944将流体提供到促动室910中。当将流体在促动室910中加压时,活塞906压缩活塞弹簧916,并且将离合器接合构件920移动为与离合器板922接合,使得离合器板922在它们之间堆积并且彼此摩擦地接合。这种接合又导致了转子轮毂612与离合器轮毂606相一致地转动。
对于离合器114的许多担心中的一个是活塞906的液压锁定的风险。为了解决这种问题,用于离合器114的液压装置结合了溢出特征,其能降低液压锁定的风险,同时保证了适当的填充和润滑。特别地,地套管602还包括将流体提供到非促动室912的非促动流体供给通道1002。流体从非促动流体供给通道1002的排出口1004供给到位于转子轮毂612内的中间供给通道1008的入口1006。特别地,在排出口1004和入口1006之间的界面处,转子轮毂612具有溢出间隙1010,其允许过量的流体溢出并且润滑轴承614,例如当活塞906被促动时。这阻止了非促动室912内的过压力,而这又阻止了活塞906的锁定。如图10中的箭头1012所示,当促动活塞906时,任何过量的流体会从溢出间隙1010中排出。当活塞906不促动时,弹簧916会导致活塞缩回到其原始的脱开位置,并且中间供给通道1008会重新供给非促动室912内的流体。一旦离合器板922脱开,转子轮毂612就能够独立于离合器轮毂606而转动。为了阻止促动室910的完全倾陷(此时活塞906降到最低点),活塞906包括将活塞间隔开的平衡件1014,使得促动室910仍能够接收来自中间通道944(图9)的流体。
如前文所提及,混合模块104必须安装到发动机102和扭矩转换器710之间的狭窄空间中。由于混合模块104的轴向空间效率,离合器114同样必须安装在狭窄的空间中。当设计离合器114时,关于离合器114的这些空间问题会产生大量问题。例如,如果活塞设计不是离心式空挡或不是平衡的,则离合器可因较高速度产生的较高油头压力而趋向于关闭。虽然在某些情况中较重的活塞弹簧可抵抗这种离合器的不平衡问题,但是较重的活塞弹簧趋向于导致大量的其他问题,例如要求较高的液压力,并且较重的活塞弹簧的笨重本质使得其对于紧凑的混合模块设计来说是不适用的。为了使弹簧916处于活塞906和活塞引导构件914之间,在活塞906中形成有弹簧凹陷917。起初,用于活塞906内的弹簧916的凹陷917在活塞906的相反一侧表面中产生了不平衡,使得离合器114不为离心式空挡。换句话说,活塞906的朝向促动室910的部分和朝向非促动室912的部分具有不同的有效面积。为了解决这种问题,活塞906具有从活塞906的剩余部分中鼓出的偏置部分1015,使得活塞906的两侧具有相同的面积。特别是,在非促动室912内的有效活塞高度1016与活塞的朝向促动室910的面的高度1018相同。结果,活塞906的两侧具有相同的有效面积,这又使得活塞906为离心式空挡或平衡,因此使得离合器114的操作更加可预测。通过具有离心式空挡设计的离合器114,活塞弹簧916又可较轻,使得离合器114可具有更加轴向紧凑的结构。
再次地,混合模块104通常设计为整装单元。例如,混合模块104具有其自己的润滑***。当混合模块104耦合于变速箱106时,可发生一些进入变速箱106的泄露流体。流体(例如油)可流入通常为干燥或没有流体的变速箱的零件中。例如,流体可流入扭矩转换器周围的区域中。结果,流体的粘性本质可减缓扭矩转换器710和/或产生其他问题,例如油的附加损失和过热。此外,如果足够的流体离开混合模块104,则在混合模块104中可存在不足量的流体,这可导致对其内部部件的破坏。
图11显示了在混合模块104和变速箱106之间的界面的放大视图。在这种界面处,混合模块104具有用于将流体阻挡在混合模块中的挡体和挡油(或叶片)装置。如可看到的那样,挡油叶片816安装到扭矩转换器处,并且挡油叶片816设计为驱使或喷射流体返回到混合模块104中。套筒808具有用于阻挡流体并将其引入底槽116的挡体结构818。来看图8,挡体结构818具有挡体通道820,所述挡体通道定位为使得挡油叶片816能够引导流体经过挡体通道或窗口820,并随后进入底槽116中。返回到图11,套筒808具有底槽通道1102,在所述底槽通道处流体流向底槽116,并且壳体302具有底槽排空口1104,通过所述底槽排空口能将流体排回到底槽116中。
显示了混合模块壳体302的不同视图的图12和13较好地说明了底槽排空开口1104。如前文所述,混合模块104可通过简单地改变壳体302的尺寸而容易地改装成其他尺寸的变速箱和***,以适合不同尺寸的变速箱。套筒808设计为使得其能够容纳在不同的混合模块壳体设计中,以能够改装为其他的变速箱尺寸。
如上文简单地提及,混合***100进一步设计为与动力输出(PTO)单元共同操作。如应理解地是,PTO单元典型地用于向附加的或分开的机器提供动力。其设计为易于以恒定或半恒定的方式连接或断开。使用了PTO***的实例用于多种卡车连接件、驱动器、泵、压缩机和各种液压***,这里仅举了几个例子。混合***100能够具有发动机102向PTO提供动力的传统PTO模式。此外,混合***100设计为具有电机112向PTO模块提供动力的电PTO(ePTO)模式。图14显示了结合有PTO模块1402的混合模块和变速箱的剖视图。在所说明的实施例中,PTO模块1402连接于变速箱106,但是在其他实施方案中,PTO模块1402可连接于变速箱106上的其他地方,以向其他部件提供机械动力。
图15和15A-E说明了用于混合***100中的混合电***1500的布线图。如可看到,***1500包括电机112、电油泵120、逆变器132、带有能量存储模块136的能量存储***134和DC-DC转换器142。此外,电***包括电池1502、车辆动力分配中心1504和点火开关1506。
图16是说明了在变速箱和混合控制模块148以及其他多种部件之间信息交换或通信的图。如图16所示,变速箱/混合控制模块148发送命令以控制冷却风扇128的风扇驱动,以保证多种部件的适当冷却。此外,变速箱/混合控制模块148接收相关的信息,并且发送命令以控制辅助电动泵120。变速箱/混合控制模块148接收来自能量存储***134和其中的不同能量存储模块136的功率极限、可使用的容量、电流、电压、温度、充电阶段、状态和风扇速度信息。变速箱/混合控制模块148又发送用于连接不同能量存储模块136的命令,以向逆变器132提供电压和由逆变器提供电压。如可看到,逆变器132可操作地将冷却剂泵130与变速箱/混合控制模块148相耦合。变速箱/混合控制模块148通过逆变器132接收关于冷却剂泵130操作的信息。通过逆变器132,变速箱/混合控制模块148会接收许多输入,例如可获得的马达/发电机扭矩、扭矩极限、逆变器电压、逆变器电流、逆变器温度、实际扭矩和速度,以及与冷却剂泵130相关的信息。基于该信息,变速箱/混合控制模块148通过逆变器132来控制冷却剂泵130的操作。例如,变速箱/混合控制模块148可向逆变器132发送命令,使得逆变器132打开或关闭冷却剂泵130。变速箱/混合控制模块148也能通过逆变器132接收高压总线功率信息和消耗信息。此外,变速箱/混合控制模块148也能监测输入电压和电流、输出电压和电流,以及DC-DC转换***140的单个DC-DC转换模块142的操作状态和温度。此外,变速箱/混合控制模块148与发动机控制模块146通信并且接收来自发动机控制模块的信息,以及作为响应而通过发动机控制模块146控制发动机102的扭矩和速度。如所示地,变速箱/混合控制模块148也控制发动机制动器1602以及不同的车辆和维修工具1604,并且与之通信。
现在将根据图17和图18到30来描述混合***100的操作。为了有助于总结混合***100的多种操作模式,在下文中提供了表1。
表1
***模式
模式 离合器 马达 PTO 变速箱
发动机启动 接合 马达 不工作 空挡 19
充电空挡 接合 发电机 不工作 空挡 20
电辅助推进 接合 马达 不工作 啮合 21
电驱动 脱开 马达 不工作 啮合 22
充电推进 接合 发电机 不工作 啮合 23
再生充电 脱开 发电机 不工作 啮合 24
非充电制动 接合 N/A 不工作 啮合 25
PTO 接合 N/A 工作 空挡 26
ePTO 脱开 马达 工作 空挡 27
在大多数设计中,变速箱106构造为总是驱动PTO 1402,并且当要求PTO1402不工作时,以某种方式忽略来自变速箱106的动力。例如,可将由PTO 1402驱动的设备内的液压流体再循环或旁流,使得该设备不工作。其他的设计则依赖于“远程操作”驱动盒以控制PTO1402的工作。远程操作驱动盒设计使用了断开的离合器,以使PTO 1402与来自变速箱106的动力接合或脱开。应当注意地是,上面的表1和下面的讨论意在考虑了两种设计。例如,当PTO 1402“不工作”时,PTO 1402可仍向设备提供一些动力,或PTO 1402可为脱开的而使得不提供动力。另一方面,当PTO 1402处于“工作”状态时,PTO 1402能够提供足够的动力来驱动设备。
图17显示了说明混合***100的多种操作模式的模式过渡表1700。当审阅这种模式过渡表1700时,也应当考虑其他附图,例如图1和图5-7和14。图18-30显示了多种部件和在操作模式期间动力如何传递(或不传递)的粗略框图。例如,图18显示了混合***100处于无动力状态的状态。
在初始化和/或启动模式1702期间,如图17和19所示,电动泵120由变速箱/混合控制模块148促动,以使流体循环经过混合模块104。如前文所述,电动泵120从能量存储***134通过逆变器132(图1)接收其动力。一旦达到了足够的油压,离合器114接合。同时或之前,PTO不工作或保持不工作,并且变速箱106为空挡或保持空挡。随着离合器114接合,电机112用作为马达,或又驱动发动机102以启动(即转动/驱动)发动机102。当电机112用作为马达时,电机112通过逆变器132从能量存储***134中取得动力,如图19所示。在发动机102启动时,混合***100转为充电空挡模式1704(图20),在所述充电空挡模式中,燃料流向发动机102,离合器114接合,并且电机112切换为发电模式,在所述发电模式中通过电机转动产生的电力用于给能量存储模块136充电。当在充电空挡模式1704中时,变速箱保持空挡。
混合***100可从充电空挡模式1704转到多个不同的操作模式。现在将描述不同的推进模式,但是应注意地是,这些模式可以以所显示的以外的其他方式来变化。此外,不同的PTO操作模式也可从充电空挡模式1704而进入,但是这些PTO模式将在后面进行描述。也应当根据图17中的表1700注意到,混合***能够在不同的操作模式之间来回移动。在充电空挡模式1704中,变速箱为脱开的,即变速箱为空挡。根据表1和图17,通过使变速箱106处于啮合并且使电机112用作马达,混合***100能进入辅助推进或电辅助推进模式1706。在电辅助推进模式1706中,PTO模块1402不工作并且燃料继续流向发动机102,如图21所示。在电辅助推进模式1706中,发动机102和电机112一起工作以驱动车辆。换句话说,驱动车辆的能量来自于能量存储***134以及发动机102。然而,通过使变速箱106返回到空挡并且使电机112切换到发电机模式,混合***100可从电辅助推进模式1706中过渡返回到充电空挡模式1704中。
混合***100可从电辅助推进模式1706过渡到多个不同的操作状态。例如,如图17和22中所说明地,混合***100可从电辅助推进模式1706过渡到电动或电驱动模式1708,在所述电动或电驱动模式中车辆仅由电机112驱动。在电驱动模式1708中,离合器114为脱开的,并且流向发动机102的燃料关闭,使得发动机102停机。变速箱106处于驱动啮合中。来看图22,由于电机112驱动变速箱106,PTO模块1402为不工作。当在电驱动模式1708中时,电动泵120仅提供用于润滑混合模块104和控制离合器114的液压力,这是由于机械泵118由于发动机102停机而没有被驱动。在电驱动模式1708期间,电机112用作马达。为了返回到电辅助推进模式1706,将电动泵120保持开启,以提供必须的压力来使离合器114接合。一旦离合器114接合,发动机102转动,并且打开燃料以为发动机102提供动力。当从电驱动模式1708返回到电辅助推进模式1706时,电机112和发动机102两者会驱动处于啮合中的变速箱106。
返回到图17,混合***100也具有推进充电模式1710、再生制动充电模式1712和压缩或发动机制动模式1714。混合***100可从充电空挡模式1704、电辅助推进模式1706、再生制动充电模式1712或发动机制动模式1714过渡到推进充电模式1710。
当在推进充电模式1710中时,发动机102驱使车辆而电机112用作为发电机。图23说明了当混合***100处于推进充电模式1710时的操作状态。在推进充电模式1710期间,离合器114接合,使得来自发动机102的动力驱动电机112和啮合中的变速箱106。同样,在推进充电模式1710期间,电机112用作为发电机,并且逆变器132将由电机112产生的交流电转换成直流电,其又存储在能量存储***134中。在这种模式1710中,PTO模块1402处于不工作状态。当在推进充电模式1710中时,机械泵118总体处理大部分的油压和润滑需要,但是电动泵120可帮助分担载荷。对机械泵118和电动泵120之间的载荷进行平衡以最小化功率损失。
返回到图17,混合***100可从推进充电模式1710过渡到多个操作模式。例如,通过使变速箱106处于空挡,混合***100可从推进充电模式1710过渡到充电空挡模式1704。通过使变速箱106处于啮合中,混合***100可返回到推进充电模式1710。混合***100也可从推进充电模式1710切换到电辅助推进模式1706中,这通过使电机112用作为电动马达而实现,在其中从能量存储***134抽取电能供给电机112,使得电机112与发动机102一起驱动变速箱106。再生充电模式1712可用于重获一些通常在制动期间失去的能量。通过简单地使离合器114脱开,混合***100可从推进充电模式1710过渡到再生充电模式1712。在一些情况中,希望使用发动机制动模式1714以进一步使车辆减速和/或降低制动磨损。可通过关闭流向发动机102的燃料来实现从推进充电模式1710到发动机制动模式1714的过渡。在发动机制动模式1714期间,电机112用作发电机。可通过将流向发动机102的燃料重新开启而使混合***100返回到推进充电模式1710。接着,简单地使离合器114脱开就可将使混合***100切换到再生充电模式1712。
如前文所提及,混合***100能够通过使用再生制动/充电模式1712来保存通常会在制动期间失去的能量。在再生充电模式1712的期间,如图24所示,离合器114脱开。电机112用作为发电机,同时变速箱106处于啮合中。来自车辆车轮的动力经变速箱112传递给电机112,所述电机用作发电机以回收一些制动能量,并且又有助于使车辆减速。所回收的能量通过逆变器132存储在能量存储***134中。如表1所提及,在这种模式期间,PTO模块1402为不工作的。
如图17中所示,混合***100可从再生充电模式1712过渡到任何数量的不同操作模式。例如,可通过使离合器114接合并且使电机112用作为马达来使混合***100返回到电辅助推进模式1706。也可通过使离合器114接合并且将电机112转换到马达角色来使混合***100从再生充电模式1712返回到推进充电模式1710。也可通过关闭流向发动机102的燃料并且使离合器接合来使混合***100从再生充电模式1712切换到发动机制动模式1714。
除了再生制动模式1712,混合***100也可使用发动机制动模式1714,在所述发动机制动模式中,发动机102的压缩制动用于使车辆减速。现在根据图1以及图17和25,在发动机制动模式1714的期间,变速箱106为啮合,PTO模块1402为不工作,并且电机112用作为发电机,以便如果需要的话则回收一些制动能量。但是,在发动机制动模式1714的其他变体中,电机112不必用作发电机,使得电机112不产生用于能量存储***模块134的能量。为了传递来自车辆车轮的能量,使发动机离合器114接合,并且接着将动力传递到发动机102,同时停止燃料。在另一替代中,可使用双重的再生制动和发动机制动模式,在其中发动机102和电机112两者用于制动,并且通过能量存储***模块134回收一些来自电机112的制动能量。
来看图17,混合***100可从发动机制动模块1714过渡到任何数量的不同操作模式。作为一个例子,可通过打开流向发动机102的燃料和使电机112用作电动机来使混合***100从发动机制动模式1714转换到电辅助推进模式1706(图21)。通过打开返回发动机102的燃料,也可使混合***100从发动机制动模式1714切换到推进充电模式1710。此外,通过打开流向发动机102的燃料并且使离合器114脱开,可使混合***100从发动机制动模式1714切换到再生充电模式1712。
如前文根据图14所提及,PTO 1402用于驱动连接于车辆的额外设备,例如升降斗、起重器、梯子、液压***和气动***,这里仅举了几个例子。当使用PTO1402时,车辆可为静止或可为运动(例如,对于制冷***)。再根据图17,通过使PTO 1402接合,混合***100可从充电空挡模式1704进入PTO模式1716。图26说明了在这种PTO模式1716期间混合***100的示意图。当在PTO模式1716中时,离合器114接合,使得来自发动机102的动力传递到现在工作的PTO1402。在这种PTO模式1716期间,电机112用作发电机,抽取由发动机102供给的动力并通过逆变器132将其转移到能量存储***模块134。同时,变速箱106为空挡,使得如果需要的话车辆可保持相对静止。在PTO 1402工作时,可使用附属设备,例如升降斗等。通过使PTO 1402不工作,混合***100可返回到充电空挡模式1704。
在PTO模式1716的期间,发动机102恒定地工作,这趋向于在一些工作情形中浪费燃料以及产生不必要的排放物。通过将混合***100的操作切换到电动或ePTO模式1718,能节省燃料并减少排放物。来看图17,当过渡到ePTO模式1718时,传递来自发动机102的动力的离合器114为脱开的,并且发动机102停机。图27示意性地说明了混合***100在这种ePTO模式1718期间的操作。如所述,电机112切换为用作电动机,并且PTO 1402为工作的。同时,变速箱106为空挡,并且发动机102停机。使发动机102停止降低了排放物的量,并节省了燃料。通过启动(或继续操作)机械泵118和/或电动泵120、使离合器114接合并且通过将电机112用作为启动器来启动发动机102,混合***100可从ePTO模式1718返回到PTO模式1716。一旦发动机102启动,电机112完全切换为用作发电机,并且PTO 1402能够通过来自发动机102的动力而工作。
多种车辆如运输卡车、服务车辆、公共汽车、拖拉机、牵引拖车等可重复地停止和/或空转很长时间,因此会浪费燃料和产生非必须的排放物。混合***100设计为能如下地工作:在所有的操作模式中能节省燃料,并且当车辆空转或停止时减少排放物。转到图17,从充电空挡模式1704中使离合器114脱开并且将电机112切换成作为电动机操作,使得混合***100处于非充电空挡模式1720。图28显示了当混合***100处于非充电空挡模式1720时的图。如所示,流向发动机102的燃料仍然继续,但是离合器114脱开,使得没有动力从发动机102传递到变速箱106。此外,变速箱106为空挡,使得车辆典型地不运动。但是,应注意地是,在其他实施例中车辆可以运动。当在这种模式1720中时,PTO 1402为不工作的,并且电机112再次作为马达操作,但是电机112不将动力传递到变速箱106或发动机102。
为了节省燃料以及限制排放物,混合***100可从非充电空挡模式1720转换到发动机停止空挡模式1722(图17),在所述发动机停止空挡模式中,供给发动机102的燃料关闭而使得发动机102停机。图29显示了当在发动机停止空挡模式1722中时混合***100的状况。当在发动机停止空挡模式1722中时,发动机102停止同时离合器114脱开,变速箱106为空挡,并且PTO 1402不工作。只要发动机102停机并且温度信号建议必须要有冷却和/或润滑流体,或在其他操作模式将要开始时,电动泵120通常均工作。通过以类似于在图19中说明的初始化模式1702的方式启动电动泵120以循环流体、使离合器114接合且通过电机112转动发动机102,混合***100可从发动机停止空挡模式1722返回到充电空挡模式1704(图17和20)。换句话说,从发动机停止空挡模式1722过渡到充电空挡模式要求发动机102重新启动。应当注意地是,上文讨论的模式可以以其他方法进行过渡。例如,通过使变速箱106处于啮合中,混合***100可从发动机停止空挡模式1722过渡到电驱动模式1708。
应当注意的是,混合***100可以以其他方式工作。图30显示了操作模式的其他实施例,并且特别是显示了带有发动机启动的电驱动模式3000。来看图17和22,当处于电驱动模式1708时,电机112仅向变速箱106提供动力。尽管电驱动模式1708有时对于快速加速期间和对于燃料节省是有帮助的,但是通常能量存储***134内的能量也可降低到要求来自发动机102的额外能量的水平。此外,在特定的操作条件下,可希望使发动机102向电机112补充动力,使得产生电辅助推进模式1706。为了从电驱动模式1708过渡到电辅助推进模式1706,使离合器114接合,并且电机112用作为使发动机102转动的启动器,并随后启动发动机102。同时,电机112驱动处于啮合的变速箱106。在这种状态3000的期间,PTO 1402为不工作的。
应注意的是,混合***100在其他实施方案中可构造为不同。作为一个实施例,在图11中说明的挡油叶片816可构造为不同。例如,在图31和32中说明的挡油叶片3102显示为仅一个实施例。如所示,挡油叶片3102包括数个构造为推进润滑剂的叶片构件3104。这仅是一个实施例,并可构想出混合***100的其他变体。
图33显示了如安装在车辆的车辆框架3302中的混合***3300的另一个实施例的图。混合***3300包括多个前文所描述类型的部件,例如变速箱106,逆变器132、带有能量存储模块136的能量存储***134,以及混合控制模块148。混合***3300还包括混合模块3304。转到图34,混合模块3304显示了多个与前所描述的混合模块相同的特征。为了简单和清楚,两种混合模块之间相同的特征将不再描述,可参考关于这些相同特征的描述。但是,下文将描述两种混合模块之间的差异。
在混合***3300的测试期间,发现辨角器组件622会经受显著的电磁噪声。应当注意的是,过度的电噪声会有害于混合模块的整体操作。例如,这种噪声可导致不适当的扭矩控制。作为一个实施例,过度的电噪声可导致辨角器组件622提供针对转子的不准确的位置信号,这又可导致当混合模块在驱动中接合时,混合模块会偶然地反向工作。对于电磁噪声所发现的一个根源归因于定子端子块804(图8)设置为过于接近辨角器622。如可看到的那样,当对比图7和34时,已经将定子连接器线3402和定子端子块3404移至远离辨角器组件622。考虑到定子端子块3404现在为凹陷的,可将定子连接器检修盖3406添加到混合模块壳体3408处,以方便将定子器连接线3402连接于定子端子块3404。图35是混合模块3304的部分立体图,显示了通过螺栓连接于混合模块3408的定子连接器检修盖3406,以使得易于检修。
根据图33和35,当混合模块3304安装在车辆框架3302中时,由于狭窄的条件,连接多种电线可能有些困难。为了解决这种问题,已经将低压连接器3502移动为与高压线310对齐,使得操作人员能够以较少的困难将在相同侧上高压线310和低压线两者连接,如图35。
图36显示了混合模块3304的放大的剖视图。如上文所提及,辨角器组件622会受电磁噪声影响。为了进一步解决这种噪声问题,可增加额外的屏蔽件,以保护辨角器组件622不受电机112和其他部件所产生的电磁噪声的影响。如图36所示,在朝向发动机一侧的辨角器组件622具有朝向发动机的屏蔽件3602,以及在与发动机朝向屏蔽件3602相反的一侧上,辨角器组件622具有朝向变速箱的屏蔽件3604。屏蔽件3602和3604两者通过螺栓而固定。朝向变速箱的屏蔽件具有也从辨角器组件622径向向外设置的部分。朝向发动机3602和传动件3604的屏蔽件有助于降低电噪声对辨角器组件622的影响。在邻近电机112处,混合模块3304具有朝向屏蔽件3606的电机,以进一步降低在辨角器组件622处的由电机112发出的噪声。根据环境,可设想在其他变体中,辨角器组件622可具有比所说明的多或少的屏蔽件。
在设计混合***时,不希望发现输入轴506上的花键510会在发动机接合侧304上经受显著的轴向磨损。为了解决这种磨损问题,混合模块3304结合有减震器3608,其连接在飞轮704和输入轴506之间的发动机接合侧304处。起初设想,由于变速箱106包括变速箱减震器3610以补偿扭转问题,因此不需要混合模块减震器3608。如下文将详细解释,混合模块减震器3608虽然可补偿扭转问题,但其主要安装在发动机接合侧,以在发动机102的工作期间弯曲并补偿驱动轴702的轴向运动。在其他替代性的实施例中,可使用其他结构和***以补偿输入轴506上的花键510的轴向磨损,并且在下文中将根据图42-45来解释这些实施例。为了避免任何谐振问题,与变速箱减震器3610相比,混合模块减震器3608具有不同的刚度。在一个特定的实施例中,混合模块减震器3608比变速箱减震器3610的刚度更大,但是应理解地是,可使用不同的刚度组合。此外可设想,在其他变体中可省去变速箱减震器3610,使得仅通过混合模块减震器3608来解决扭转和轴向磨损问题。
为了加强离合器机构的制造和可操作性,已经对整个离合器***进行了多种改变。转到图9,多种通道例如中间通道944设置成一定角度,以补偿离合器组件的相对紧凑设计。将这种结构与图37中的结构相比,图37中的离合器组件3700的中间供给通道3702和3704为直的,而不是如图9实施例中显示的成一定角度。应理解地是,径向上为直的通道有助于简化通道3702、3704的制造。考虑到中间离合器供给通道3702为直的,形成了狭槽3706,以便于流体为离合器组件3700提供背压。已经相对于前文中的活塞906略微修改了离合器组件3700的活塞3708,以加强装配和功能。如可看到的那样,活塞3708上的圆形部分也移除和成一定角度,使得活塞3708现在包括用于在***或装配期间夹持活塞的装配槽3710。通过这种槽3710,用于安装离合器组件的其他部件的相同工具可用于安装活塞3708。如图37所示,离合器3700具有与图9中的活塞引导构件914不同的活塞引导构件3712。活塞引导构件3712包括用于在***期间夹持活塞引导构件3712的凸起3714。一旦***后,止动环3716会将活塞引导构件3712保持在位置中。图37中的离合器组件3700具有成一定角度的离合器板润滑通道3718,但是可以设想离合器润滑通道3718可为直的,如图38中所示。图38说明了离合器组件3800的另一变体的放大的剖视图,所述离合器组件显示了经过离合器组件3800的油润滑路径。离合器轮毂606内的离合器轮毂环3802会捕获油,并引导油经过润滑孔3804,如箭头所示。
图39是混合模块3304的在挡油叶片816和机械泵3902周围的放大的剖视图。在转动损耗测试的期间,发现带有挡体通道820的挡体结构818(如图8所示)显著地增加了转动损耗。现在看图39,已经省去了静态挡体结构或挡板,而保留了挡油叶片816。这种设计不但降低了转动损耗,而且也改善了在混合模块3304内的冷却流和液压流。
已经对机械泵3902进行了其他改变,以便于装配和增强可靠性。再次根据图7,前文中的机械泵118要求用螺钉以将其保持在位置中。作为使用螺钉的替代,图39中的机械泵3902具有通过壳体部分3906压在位置中的泵轴3904。这种设计再次有助于简化机械泵3902的结构,以及有助于装配、维护和操作。
现在转到图40和41,泵传动齿轮504也已经构造为有助于更好地装配。特别是,止动环4002位于相对的侧部上以保持住泵传动齿轮504。但是,在装配期间,在***用于校正泵传动齿轮4006的键4004时会经受一些困难。如图40所示,键4004容纳在输入轴506内的键槽4006内。但是,在装配期间,键4004具有会从键槽4006中掉出的趋势。为了解决这种问题,键设计为具有形成保持部分4010的槽部分4008,所述槽部分4008容纳在多个止动环4002中的一个的下方,以将键4004保持在位置中。键4004则可通过***保持部分4010并且转动到位而容易地安装。通过保持在止动环4002下方的保持部分4010,在装配期间键较不可能地从键槽4006中掉出。
如上文所指,发现输入轴506在花键510处会经受显著的磨损,如由图42中的微震磨损或轴向花键磨损区域4202所示。虽然无确定的原因,但是可想到的是磨损区域4202由随着发动机103减速驱动轴702从发动机102中移进而导致。这种轴向运动又被认为导致了花键510上的微震磨损或磨损区域4202。之前的设计(例如图7)在飞轮704和输入轴506之间具有相对刚性的输入驱动盘706。通过相对刚性的输入驱动盘706,驱动轴702的来自发动机102的减速的任何轴向运动会导致输入驱动盘706摩擦花键510,因此导致磨损区域4202。
已经研究了多个设计以处理在输入轴506的花键510上的这种轴向磨损问题。图43显示了使用润滑剂以降低花键510磨损的一个实施例。可看到,已经重新设置了衬圈4302(之前为图7中的衬圈716)以允许润滑剂沿输入轴506的花键510流动。为了方便这种结构,已经将输入驱动盘4304(之前为图7中的输入驱动盘706)修改为结合了衬圈法兰4306。同样地,已经将壳体302修改为结合了衬圈支撑法兰4308。如图43所示,衬圈4302设置在支撑法兰4306、4308两者之间。在输入驱动盘4304和输入轴506之间形成了润滑剂通道4310,使得润滑剂例如油能够流到输入驱动盘4304和输入轴506之间。为了促进油的再循环,在输入驱动盘4304中容纳有挡块4312,并且密封件4314将输入驱动盘4304相对于挡块密封。保持止动环4316将挡块保持位置中。测试显示,使用图43中的油润滑结构,在输入轴506的花键510上没有磨损,或仅有非常少的磨损。
在另一个实施例中,如图44所示,通过使用挠性板4402来降低输入轴506上的花键510的磨损。如图44所示,挠性板4402螺栓安装在驱动轴702和输入驱动盘706之间。挠性板4402为相对薄的但具有周向刚性,以有助于弯曲和补偿驱动轴702的轴向运动。为了避免任何谐振问题,挠性板4402的刚度具有与变速箱中的减震弹簧不同的刚度。在一个实施例中,挠性板4402比变速箱中的减震弹簧的刚度更大,但是在其他实施方案中,减震弹簧的刚度可更大。通过使用适当刚度的挠性板4402,可显著降低输入轴506的花键510的轴向磨损。
图45是显示了耦合在飞轮704和输入轴506之间的混合模块减震器3608的放大的剖视图。出乎意料地发现,混合减震器3608显著降低了在输入轴506的花键510上的轴向磨损。这种类型的减震器典型地设计为能最小化由扭转载荷而非轴向载荷导致的磨损。例如在低频率启动模式期间会发生轴向磨损。混合减震器3608解决了这种问题。如前文所提及,混合减震器3608具有与变速箱106中的变速箱减震器3610不同的刚度,以避免任何共振模式频率问题。在一个实施例中,变速箱减震器3610比混合减震器3608的刚度更高,但是可设想混合减震器3608的刚度更高。同样,这种刚度差异避免了任何减震器谐振问题。在另一实施例中,从变速箱中移除了减震器,使得***仅包括混合减震器3608。
如上文所提及,图5中的离合器供给入口508为外部管的形式,但是离合器供给入口可使用其他的形式,例如内部通道。图46说明了结合到混合模块3304的壳体4606中的多种通道4602、4604的例子。通过将通道4602、4604结合到壳体4606中,简化了维修和装配。此外,与图5中说明的外部管相比,这降低了破坏或故障的风险。
由于电噪声或其他问题,发现当电动泵包括其自己的控制器时,其在真实环境下无法适当地起作用。结果,可移除用于电动油泵120的控制器,并且通过逆变器132将其结合到整个控制***中。图47说明了在电机112、油泵120、逆变器132和辨角器组件622之间的电连接的框图。通过箭头4702可看到,现在电动油泵120电连接于控制电动油泵120的操作的逆变器132。为了解决电噪声的问题,可结合有多个由箭头4704指示的辨角器信号屏蔽件。也可看到,逆变器132也具有用于监测不同特征、例如低压油泵中的油温和油液位的油泵信号输入4706。逆变器132也包括用于在制造期间测试逆变器132和其他组件的非法条件输入4708。
尽管已经在附图和前文描述中详细说明和描述了本发明,但是这应被认为是说明性的且相应地是非限制性的,应理解地是,仅显示和描述了优选的实施方案,并且属于由接下来的权利要求所限定的本发明的精神内的改动、等效物和改进均要求得到保护。这里,引用在本说明书中的所有公开、专利和专利申请以引用方式而结合入本发明,就像每个单独的公开、专利或专利申请均特别和单独地通过引用和说明其全部而结合入本发明。

Claims (55)

1.一种混合***,包括:
发动机;
带有扭矩转换器的变速箱;
能量存储***;和
耦合在发动机和变速箱的扭矩转换器之间的混合模块,混合模块包括
电机,其具有发电机模式,在所述发电机模式中,所述电机产生存储到所述能量存储***中的能量,所述电机还具有马达模式,在所述马达模式中,所述电机从所述能量存储***抽取能量以提供扭矩,以及
离合器,其提供用于在所述发动机和变速箱的扭矩转换器之间传递扭矩的唯一连接,所述离合器具有接合状态,在所述接合状态中扭矩能够在所述发动机和扭矩转换器之间传递,所述离合器具有脱开状态,在所述脱开状态中扭矩不能够在所述发动机和扭矩转换器之间传递。
2.一种混合***,包括:
混合模块,其包括
电机,其具有发电机模式,在所述发电机模式中,所述电机产生存储到能量存储***中的能量,所述电机还具有马达模式,在所述马达模式中,所述电机从所述能量存储***抽取能量以提供扭矩,以及
离合器,其提供用于在发动机和变速箱的扭矩转换器之间传递扭矩的唯一连接,所述离合器具有接合状态,在所述接合状态中扭矩能够在所述发动机和扭矩转换器之间传递,所述离合器具有脱开状态,在所述脱开状态中扭矩不能够在所述发动机和扭矩转换器之间传递。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述电机和离合器定向成径向结构。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述离合器径向地设置在所述电机的内部。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合***,其特征在于,还包括:
在所述发动机和变速箱的扭矩转换器之间形成扭矩路径的离合器;和
沿着在所述离合器和扭矩转换器之间的扭矩路径而设置的电机。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述离合器为液压型离合器。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合***,其特征在于,还包括:
机械式连接于所述扭矩转换器的转子轮毂,其中所述转子轮毂和扭矩转换器整体式转动;
机械式连接于所述发动机的离合器轮毂;和
所述离合器包括设置在所述转子轮毂和离合器轮毂之间的离合器板,以当所述离合器处于接合状态时在所述发动机和扭矩转换器之间传递扭矩。
8.根据权利要求7所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述离合器包括:
活塞,其构造为当所述离合器处于接合状态时挤压所述离合器板以与所述离合器板摩擦式接合,所述活塞具有弹簧凹陷;和
容纳在所述弹簧凹陷中以将所述活塞偏压至脱开状态的活塞弹簧。
9.根据权利要求8所述的混合***,其特征在于,还包括:
限定了活塞腔的转子轮毂,所述活塞滑动式地设置在所述活塞腔中,所述活塞将所述活塞腔分成促动室和非促动室;和
所述活塞具有从所述活塞的剩余部分伸出的偏置部分,在其中所述活塞的朝向所述促动室的部分和朝向所述非促动室的部分具有相似的有效面积,使得所述离合器为离心式空挡。
10.根据权利要求8所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述活塞具有设置成与活塞弹簧相对的平衡件,以阻止所述活塞降到最低点。
11.根据权利要求9所述的混合***,其特征在于,还包括:
所述离合器包括将流体提供到所述非促动室的非促动流体通道;和
所述转子轮毂包括允许额外的流体溢出以阻止所述活塞的液压锁定的临近所述非促动流体通道的溢流间隙。
12.根据权利要求7所述的混合***,其特征在于,还包括:
将所述离合器轮毂机械式连接于发动机的输入轴;以及
其中,所述输入轴和所述离合器轮毂通过花键式连接而相连。
13.根据权利要求12所述的混合***,其特征在于,还包括:
所述离合器包括与所述转子轮毂相连以抱住离合器板的夹持构件;和
所述夹持构件包括挡块构件,其延伸成与所述离合器轮毂形成冲突关系,以阻止当倒转时所述离合器轮毂从所述混合模块中掉落。
14.根据权利要求12所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述输入轴具有花键,并且所述发动机和输入轴通过花键相连。
15.根据权利要求14所述的混合***,其特征在于,还包括:
所述发动机包括驱动轴;和
连接于所述驱动轴的飞轮。
16.根据权利要求15所述的混合***,其特征在于,还包括:
连接于所述飞轮的输入驱动盘;和
所述输入驱动盘与所述输入轴花键式连接。
17.根据权利要求15所述的混合***,其特征在于,还包括:
连接于所述飞轮的挠性板;
所述挠性板具有与所述输入轴的花键式连接;和
所述挠性板能弯曲,以最小化所述输入轴上的花键的轴向磨损。
18.根据权利要求15所述的混合***,其特征在于,还包括:
连接于所述飞轮的减震器;和
所述减震器具有与所述输入轴的花键式连接;和
所述减震器能弯曲,以最小化所述输入轴上的花键的轴向磨损。
19.根据权利要求18所述的混合***,其特征在于,还包括:
所述变速箱包含变速箱减震器;和
所述变速箱减震器具有与连接于所述飞轮的减震器不同的刚度。
20.根据权利要求19所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述变速箱减震器的刚度比连接于所述飞轮的减震器的刚度更大。
21.根据权利要求12所述的混合***,其特征在于,还包括:
所述混合模块包含混合模块壳体;和
密封件,其密封在所述混合模块壳体和带有花键的邻近的输入轴之间,以阻止所述输入轴的花键的润滑。
22.根据权利要求14所述的混合***,其特征在于,还包括:
定位成促进所述花键的润滑的挡块。
23.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述混合***为自立式单元,以便于改装现有的车辆设计。
24.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述混合模块包括专用润滑***、通信***、控制器***和冷却***,以最小化对其他车辆***的影响。
25.根据权利要求21所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述混合模块还包括:
用于使润滑剂在所述混合模块中循环的机械泵;和
用于使润滑剂在所述混合模块中循环的电动泵。
26.根据权利要求25所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述电动泵分担所述机械泵的操作,以最小化所述机械泵的尺寸。
27.根据权利要求25所述的混合***,其特征在于,还包括:
所述混合模块包括
容纳在所述输入轴的周围以为所述机械泵提供动力的泵传动齿轮,
将所述泵传动齿轮保持在位置中的止动环,和
键,其带有容纳在所述止动环的下方的槽部分,以将所述泵传动齿轮键合在位置中。
28.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合***,其特征在于,还包括:
固定于所述扭矩转换器的适配环;和
所述适配环与所述混合模块形成花键式连接。
29.根据权利要求28所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述适配环螺栓连接于所述扭矩转换器上的传统上与所述发动机相连的标准螺栓位置。
30.根据权利要求28所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述适配环和混合模块之间的花键式连接降低了装配期间的任何与分角有关的问题。
31.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述混合模块包括用于将润滑剂引导回所述混合模块的挡油叶片。
32.根据权利要求31所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述混合模块包括带有用于阻挡来自所述挡油叶片的润滑剂的窗口的挡体结构。
33.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述混合模块包括辨角器组件。
34.根据权利要求33所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述混合模块包括为所述辨角器组件屏蔽电磁噪声的屏蔽件。
35.根据权利要求34所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述屏蔽件包括设置在所述辨角器组件和变速箱之间的朝向所述变速箱的屏蔽件。
36.根据权利要求34所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述屏蔽件包括设置在所述辨角器组件和发动机之间的朝向所述发动机的屏蔽件。
37.根据权利要求34所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述屏蔽件包括设置在所述辨角器组件和电机之间的朝向所述电机的屏蔽件。
38.根据权利要求34所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述混合模块包括远离所述辨角器组件而设置的定子端子块,以降低电磁噪声。
39.根据权利要求38所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述混合模块包括
具有定子凹陷开口的混合壳体,和
盖住所述混合壳体的定子凹陷开口以便于进入所述定子端子块的定子连接器检修盖。
40.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述变速箱为自动变速箱。
41.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述变速箱包括动力输出单元。
42.根据权利要求41所述的混合***,其特征在于,在电动力输出模式中,所述动力输出单元通过所述电机供给动力。
43.根据权利要求41所述的混合***,其特征在于,在混合动力模式中,所述动力输出单元通过所述电机和发动机供给动力。
44.根据权利要求41所述的混合***,其特征在于,在发动机动力模式中,所述动力输出单元通过所述发动机供给动力。
45.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述发动机为内燃机。
46.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述能量存储***包括电池。
47.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合***,其特征在于,还包括电连接在所述变速箱和能量存储***之间的逆变器。
48.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合***,其特征在于,还包括DC-DC转换模块,以将由能量存储***所提供的高压电能转换成低电压。
49.根据权利要求48所述的混合***,其特征在于,还包括电连接于所述DC-DC转换模块的电气附件。
50.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合***,其特征在于,还包括电连接于所述能量存储***的电压抽头。
51.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述混合模块包括
低压连接器,
电连接于所述电机的一个或多个高压线,和
在所述混合模块的同一侧上与所述高压线对齐以便于连接的低压连接器。
52.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合***,其特征在于,还包括变速箱和混合控制模块,用于控制所述混合模块和变速箱。
53.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合***,其特征在于,所述混合模块包括冷却所述混合模块的散热器,其中用于所述混合模块的散热器与用于所述发动机的散热器分开。
54.一种装配根据权利要求1到53中任一项所述的混合***的方法。
55.一种操作根据权利要求1到53中任一项所述的混合***的方法。
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