CN103056344B - Method for controlling electroslag melting casting by added transient magnetic field and electroslag smelting casting device - Google Patents
Method for controlling electroslag melting casting by added transient magnetic field and electroslag smelting casting device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling electroslag melting casting by an added transient magnetic field. The method includes adding a transient magnetic field to a melting end of an electroslag remelting mother electrode, a liquid slag tank and a metal melting tank so that the transient magnetic field acts on large metal molten drops which are generated by initial melting at the tail end of the electrode and are converging to become big; under joint action of alternating lorentz force and pressure waves generated by the transient magnetic field, dispersing the metal molten drops in a burst manner into small metal molten drop groups, and randomly dispersing the small metal molten drop groups into the liquid slag tank to sufficiently contact with liquid slag after passing the liquid slag tank; after washing, enabling included foreign substances and impurities in the small metal molten drops to enter the liquid slag quickly, slowly settling and converging the foreign substances and impurities into the metal melting tank below the liquid slag tank, and finally crystallizing and solidifying to form solidified cast ingots. The invention further provides an electroslag melting casting device. By adding the transient magnetic field during electroslag melting casting and fining the molten drops by the aid of unique electromagnetic effect of the transient magnetic field, the purposes of improving refining efficiency, fining crystalline grains and reducing segregation of cast ingots are achieved, and industrial application value is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of special steel electroslag metallurgy technique and device, particularly relate to a kind of method and electroslag molten casting device of electroslag smelting casting, in ESR Process, refining effect is improved by applying transient magnetic field fining metal molten drop, thinning solidification structure reduces the method for ingotism and device, is suitable for the production of various electroslag product as high temperature alloy and Precise Alloy.
Background technology
As everyone knows, the hydrogen existed in alloy, nitrogen, carbon and non-metallic inclusion, by destroying the continuity of matrix, become micro-crack source, and under high stress, crackle diffusion causes foundry goods to rupture, thus greatly reduces the service life of material.Electroslag smelting casting, as a kind of efficiency refining high means, can obtain the fine and close and solidified structure that macro defect is few of high purity, even tissue by its double refining.Its principle utilizes to smelt resistance heat that electric current produced by slag by comsumable melt, and molten drop enters metal bath through slag blanket, in special-shaped water mold, be frozen into ingot casting.Because metal bath fully contacts with slag liquid, the field trash up to 90% can fully be removed.Wherein, the molten drop size of electrode end is most important to removal efficiency of the inclusion, and molten drop is less, and slag gold contact gear ratio surface area is larger, and molten drop is longer through the time of slag bath, and field trash is more easily by Adsorption.But how the refinement molten drop effectively when ensureing electroslag parameter constant, does not still have good application process at present.In addition, ESR ingot solidified structure is thick column crystal, and when interdendritic and column crystal boundary existing the large-scale high-alloy casting of a large amount of segregations, particularly founding, because foundry goods each several part cooling velocity is different, component segregation is even more serious, even occurs gross segregation.Dendritic segregation generally makes segregation element fully spread the object reaching homogenising by annealing; The cyrystal boundary segregation that alloy performance hazards is larger is not then eliminated by simple heat treatment, must be suppressed by the control of harmful non-metallic inclusions such as grain refinement, oxide and sulfide.Therefore, optimize slag-metal reaction condition, the Refining effect, the crystal grain thinning that improve electroslag smelting casting are further the two large Key technique problems that electroslag casting process need solve to reduce ingotism.
For refinement ESR ingot solidified structure with control segregation, developed ultrasonic wave compound electroslag remelting, rotating excitation field compound electroslag remelting at present, rotated female electrode, slag bath heating, the technology such as magnetostatic field compound electroslag remelting, equal Shortcomings part.As ultrasonic wave is decayed terribly in slag bath and metal bath, and itself has directionality, and ultrasonic power the factor such as to be restricted and to limit its application; Applying rotating magnetic field can drive slag liquid and metal bath to rotate, and be expected to smash dendrite, but this will bring the great risk of slag; Rotate female electrode and also can make slag bath equalizing temperature, but this harm of slag can be brought equally; And slag bath heating technique has unique advantage in the distribution of maintenance slag bath homogeneous temperature, thus more shallow flat metal bath can be obtained, be conducive to the arborescent structure forming nearly axial growth, have positive role to reduction ingotism, but affect not remarkable on crystal grain thinning and raising refining efficiency; Magnetostatic field compound electroslag remelting technique all has certain effect in raising electroslag remelting refining efficiency and crystal grain thinning, but due to magnetostatic field energy density lower, and have directionality, effect of its strengthening refining efficiency and crystal grain thinning is still limited.As can be seen here, the molten drop in refinement ESR Process and solidified structure, still lack effective means at present.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve prior art problem, the object of the invention is to the defect overcoming prior art existence, a kind of additional transient magnetic field is provided to control method and the electroslag molten casting device of electroslag smelting casting, transient magnetic field is applied in ESR Process, reach refinement molten drop by the electromagnetic force effect of its uniqueness and improve refining efficiency, crystal grain thinning, reduction ingotism technological invention object, realize industry using value.
Create object for reaching foregoing invention, design of the present invention is as follows:
The invention provides method and electroslag molten casting device that a kind of additional transient magnetic field controls electroslag smelting casting, its principle is the transient magnetic field of appropriate frequency to be applied to around the crystallizer of traditional electroslag remelting, keeps transient magnetic field coil to be in the position overlapped with female electrode melting end, liquid slag bath, metal bath simultaneously.Due to electromagnetic induction principle, transient magnetic field produces powerful alternation Lorentz force and pressure wave by electrode end molten drop, liquid slag bath and metal bath.This alternation Lorentz force and pressure wave compound action, in the molten drop of electrode end, will make molten drop be the dispersion of explosion formula, hang over electrode end and converge large molten drop division of growing up and form very tiny molten drop group.The refinement of molten drop diameter, add the specific area of molten drop, shorten the migration distance at field trash and impurity gold interface from molten drop center to slag, extend the sedimentation time of molten drop in slag bath simultaneously, therefore to the non-metallic inclusion removed in molten drop and impurity element highly beneficial.In addition, when alternation Lorentz force and pressure wave acting in conjunction are in slag bath and metal bath, microcell flowing will be produced on the one hand in slag bath and metal bath, make both Temperature Distribution more even, reduce the thermograde in forward position, freezing interface, thus contribute to the condition obtaining interior raw growth; On the other hand, powerful alternation Lorentz force and pressure wave can also smash the dendrite that forward position, interface is growing, and promote that the nucleus on crystallizer wall surface comes off simultaneously, form nucleus multiplication effect; In addition, the pressure wave that transient magnetic field produces can also promote the spontaneous nucleation in metal bath, increases nucleation rate.The comprehensive effect that these transient magnetic fields above-mentioned bring directly causes applying transient magnetic field can the dendrite of refinement ESR ingot, even obtains equiaxed grain structure.In addition, transient magnetic field also will produce constriction power (Pinch Force) effect in liquid metal bath, push away crystallizer wall, form soft contact conditions by metal bath, and this will improve the surface quality of ESR ingot greatly.
According to above inventive concept, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
A kind of additional transient magnetic field controls the method for electroslag smelting casting, the female electrode melting end of corresponding electroslag remelting, liquid slag bath and metal bath position apply transient magnetic field, what make transient magnetic field act on the incipient melting generation of electrode end converges large the metal drop of growing up, under the alternation Lorentz force of transient magnetic field generation and the compound action of pressure wave, metal drop is made to be the dispersion of explosion formula, resolve into tiny metal drop group, fine metal molten drop spills in slag bath at random, then fully contact with slag liquid through slag bath warp, after washing, field trash in fine metal molten drop and impurity are entered in melt cinder fast, slowly the metal bath incorporated below slag bath is converged in sedimentation again, last crystallization and freezing from bottom to top outside crystallizer and under the Forced water cooling of bottom, ingot casting is solidified in formation.
The magnetic induction intensity of above-mentioned transient magnetic field is between 0.1 ~ 10T; Transient magnetic field is produced by magnetic field induction coil, and the transient current frequency exported to magnetic field induction coil is 0.1 ~ 15000Hz, and transient voltage is 50 ~ 2000V, and dutycycle is 0 ~ 100%; The waveform of transient current is sine wave, rectangular wave, sawtooth waveforms, triangular wave, peaked wave or staircase waveform.
The melting electric current of above-mentioned electroslag smelting casting is preferably provided by dc source or AC power, and the melting voltage of electroslag smelting casting is 10 ~ 200V, melting electric current at 100 ~ 20000A, frequency 0.01 ~ 2000Hz.
Above-mentioned esr process is started by solid slag striking or is directly started by liquid slag.
The female electrode of above-mentioned electroslag remelting is single electrode or multi-electrode, or is small bore, or is heavy in section electrode; The prepared ingot casting that solidifies is circular ingot, square ingot casting, template ingot casting or special-shaped ingot casting.
The material of the female electrode of above-mentioned electroslag remelting is ferrous metal and alloy, nonferrous metal and alloy, high temperature alloy or Precise Alloy.
The prepared above-mentioned solidified structure solidifying ingot casting is full equiaxed grain structure, the direction of growth be axial refinement arborescent structure or the direction of growth is axial refinement columanar structure.
The method of electroslag smelting casting is controlled in order to realize the additional transient magnetic field of the present invention, a kind of electroslag molten casting device is also provided, be combined into by electroslag remelting device and die casting device, comprise metal consumable electrode, cable, melting power supply, crystallizer, hearth electrode plate, crystallizer water collar, hearth electrode cooling device.Liquid slag liquid level is in the internal layer copper pipe inner chamber of crystallizer, form melting slag bath, formation ingot casting is solidified in the bottom of the metal bath below melting slag bath, the upper surface of hearth electrode plate is directly lifted bottom ingot casting, metal consumable electrode and hearth electrode plate are all connected respectively on melting power supply by cable, bottom and the melting slag bath of metal consumable electrode contact with each other, make metal consumable electrode, melting slag bath, metal bath, molten metal core in ingot casting, ingot casting and hearth electrode plate are communicated with the path forming alternating current successively, crystallizer water collar directly cools the sidewall of crystallizer, hearth electrode cooling device cools hearth electrode plate, it is characterized in that: the magnetic field generating arrangement that can apply transient magnetic field is set in the periphery of crystallizer, magnetic field generating arrangement comprises transient magnetic field coil, transient current generation power supply and winding ascend platform, transient current generation power supply exports transient current to transient magnetic field coil, the noncontact of transient magnetic field coil is also looped around the outside of crystallizer, corresponding metal consumable electrode fusing end, melting slag bath and metal bath position apply transient magnetic field, what make transient magnetic field act on the incipient melting generation of electrode end converges large the metal drop of growing up, under the alternation Lorentz force of transient magnetic field generation and the compound action of pressure wave, metal drop is made to be the dispersion of explosion formula, resolve into tiny metal drop group, fine metal molten drop spills in melting slag bath at random, then fully contact with slag liquid through melting slag bath warp, after washing, the field trash in fine metal molten drop and impurity is made to enter in melting slag bath fast, slowly the metal bath incorporated below melting slag bath is converged in sedimentation again, last crystallizer water collar outside crystallizer and under the Forced water cooling of the hearth electrode cooling device of hearth electrode plate bottom crystallization and freezing from bottom to top, form the ingot casting solidified,
Simultaneously, due to the effect of transient magnetic field, make to generate induced-current in melting slag bath and metal bath, the magnetic line of force that induced-current and transient magnetic field coil produce interacts, produce totally centripetal Lorentz force, Lorentz force applies constriction power to metal bath, makes the slag liquid of melting slag bath enter between the internal layer copper pipe of crystallizer and the ingot casting solidified, and forms liquid-lubricant layer;
Meanwhile, under the alternation Lorentz force of transient magnetic field generation and the compound action of pressure wave, smash the dendrite that forward position, solidification of metal melt interface is growing, form a large amount of nucleus;
Transient magnetic field coil is fixedly connected with the lifting displacement mechanism of winding ascend platform, in whole ESR Process, drive coil hoistable platform, along with constantly rising in the molten bath of the melting slag bath in the internal layer copper pipe inner chamber of crystallizer and metal bath, winding ascend platform is made to draw the constant speed rising together thereupon of transient magnetic field coil, to guarantee to overlap with the composition interval of the fusing end of metal consumable electrode, melting slag bath and metal bath between the field regions that transient magnetic field coil produces.
Above-mentioned transient magnetic field coil is preferably arranged on outside the crystallizer water collar outside crystallizer, or is arranged on the inside of crystallizer water collar especially.
the additional transient magnetic field of the present invention controls the operation of the method for electroslag smelting casting:
Consutrode is inserted the slag charge be placed in copper water mold, water cooled coil is arranged with to produce transient magnetic field outside crystallizer, under this transient magnetic field effect, carry out remelting, refining solidifying, package unit is called that additional transient magnetic field controls the device of electroslag smelting casting.The voltage of transient current generation power supply can in 50 ~ 2000V range, and transient current frequency is in 0.1 ~ 15000Hz range, and transient current dutycycle is 0 ~ 100%, and the magnetic induction intensity of the transient magnetic field of generation is adjustable in 0.1 ~ 10T scope.One or more groups coil is set in the crystallizer periphery of traditional electroslag remelting equipment, in coil, passes into transient current, transient magnetic field can be produced in the crystallizer of coil windings interior zone.Put into a certain amount of slag charge in water mold after, consutrode is inserted a certain degree of depth in slag.Open melting power supply, controlling melting voltage is 10 ~ 200V, and melting electric current is at 100 ~ 20000A, and frequency 0.01 ~ 2000Hz, now electrifying electrodes starts to heat up.Open transient current generation power supply, guarantee that electrode end, slag bath and metal bath are all in transient magnetic field coil, regulation voltage 50 ~ 2000V, power frequency 0.1 ~ 15000Hz, control magnetic induction intensity at 0.1 ~ 10T.When slag liquid temp is higher than electrode fusing point, electrode end starts successively to melt, and converges at end formation molten drop of growing up.Under transient magnetic field effect, molten drop produces the dispersion of explosion formula, is split into many more tiny molten drops and spills at random in slag bath.In the process of molten drop through slag bath, the non-metallic inclusion in fine metal molten drop and impurity element will have more multimachine can by slag Adsorption.The slow sedimentation of tiny molten drop after wash heat, until converge the metal bath that incorporates below slag bath, finally crystallization and freezing from bottom to top outside crystallizer and under the Forced water cooling of bottom.Because metal bath is in the transient magnetic field zone of action equally, transient magnetic field can produce powerful alternation Lorentz force and pressure wave at metal bath and solid liquid interface forward position equally, and then smash solidification front dendrite, and the crystal grain of corrode crystallizer wall forms more free nucleus, reaches nucleus multiplication effect; Meanwhile, the pressure wave that transient magnetic field produces promotes the spontaneous nucleation in metal bath, greatly improves its nucleation rate; And the transient magnetic field of appropriate frequency also will produce microcell flowing in slag bath and metal bath, make Temperature Distribution in slag bath and metal bath evenly, reduce the thermograde in forward position, freezing interface, thus interior raw growth may be realized.All these positive effects brought due to transient magnetic field will cause the grain refinement of ESR ingot, even be expected to obtain equiaxed grain structure.Due in electroslag remelting process, along with ingot casting crystallization from bottom to top, metal bath and slag bath constantly move up, therefore for guaranteeing that whole Electroslag Process all carries out under equal transient magnetic field intensity, transient magnetic field coil platform is so that same uniform velocity to be moved.Finally, when electrode melting terminates, close melting power supply; At the end of to be solidified, close transient current generation power supply, after steel ingot cools completely, after closing cooling water system, go out ingot.
In the present invention, transient magnetic field coil can be single group or many groups, and magnetic field intensity is realized by regulation voltage and discharge frequency; The waveform of transient current can be sine wave, rectangular wave, sawtooth waveforms, triangular wave, peaked wave, staircase waveform etc.Water-cooled copper coil can be centered around crystallizer stainless steel outer wall, is furnished with a hoistable platform simultaneously, ensures that electrode melting, refining and crystallization process all carry out under equal magnetic field intensity; Copper tube coil also can be enclosed within crystallizer copper pipe periphery, is namely placed in crystallizer water collar inner, now owing to only having 1 layer of copper wall between coil and crystallizer, thus can reduce the magnetic energy loss caused by magnetic field kelvin effect.Electroslag smelting casting melting power supply can adopt direct current or alternating current, also can be provided by voltage regulation and frequency modulation AC power.Electroslag Process can be started by solid slag striking, also directly can be started by liquid slag.Additional transient magnetic field controls electroslag smelting casting and realizes the electroslag furnace that the thin brilliant device of refining is applicable to various model, comprises single electrode and multi-electrode, small bore and heavy in section electrode.ESR ingot can be circular ingot, also can be square or template ingot casting, can also be special-shaped ingot casting, need only ensure that coil can hold crystallizer size and can provide the transient magnetic field of some strength.This device can be used for the thin brilliant various ESR ingot product of refining, comprises the ferrous metal such as iron and steel and all other alloys that may be used for electroslag refining such as titanium alloy, high temperature alloy and Precise Alloy, aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, copper alloy.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following apparent outstanding substantive distinguishing features and remarkable advantage:
1., when transient magnetic field acts on electrode end molten drop, the alternation Lorentz force of generation and pressure wave compound action, make molten drop be the dispersion of explosion formula, split into very tiny molten drop group.The refinement of molten drop diameter, add the specific area of molten drop, shorten field trash in molten drop and migration impurity to the distance at slag gold interface, extend the sedimentation time of molten drop in slag bath, be conducive to removing the non-metallic inclusion in molten drop and impurity element, improve refining efficiency;
2. when transient magnetic field acts on liquid slag bath and metal bath, microcell flowing will be produced on the one hand in slag bath and metal bath, and make both Temperature Distribution more even, reduce the thermograde in forward position, freezing interface, thus contribute to the condition obtaining interior raw growth; On the other hand, powerful alternation Lorentz force and pressure wave can also smash the dendrite that forward position, interface is growing, and promote that the nucleus on crystallizer wall surface comes off simultaneously, form nucleus multiplication effect; The pressure wave that transient magnetic field produces can also promote the spontaneous nucleation in metal bath, increases nucleation rate.The comprehensive effect that these transient magnetic fields above-mentioned bring directly causes the dendrite applying transient magnetic field greatly refinement ESR ingot, even obtains equiaxed grain structure;
3. transient magnetic field also will produce constriction stress effect in liquid metal bath, and metal bath is pushed away crystallizer wall, form soft contact conditions, suitably increase melt cinder film thickness, thus improve the surface quality of ESR ingot; The increase of melt cinder mould thickness can also reduce radial heat radiation, forms more good axial heat conduction condition, suppresses the growth of radial dendrite, even obtains the tissue that dendrite is axial growth;
4. transient magnetic field makes the molten drop degree of superheat increase, and is conducive to the mass transfer in molten drop and convection current;
5. the thin brilliant degree of solidified structure is relevant with magnetic field, and magnetic field intensity is larger, and ingot structure is thinner, and gross segregation is less.Meanwhile, utilize the resonance motion of metal bath, good thin brilliant effect can be obtained under lower pulse power frequency, reduce energy consumption;
6. the not direct contacting metal melt of transient magnetic field, pollution-free;
7. the present invention can significantly improve the removal efficiency of non-metallic inclusion and impurity element in electroslag remelting process, optimizes refining effect; Refinement ESR ingot solidified structure, acquisition surface quality is good, macro defect is few, the metal material of uniform composition, excellent in mechanical performance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the present invention one electroslag molten casting device structural representation.
Fig. 2 is the thin brilliant action principle figure of the embodiment of the present invention one transient magnetic field to metal bath.
Detailed description of the invention
Details are as follows for the preferred embodiments of the present invention:
embodiment one:
See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, realize the electroslag molten casting device that the additional transient magnetic field of the present invention controls the method for electroslag smelting casting, be combined into by electroslag remelting device and die casting device, comprise metal consumable electrode 1, cable 2, melting power supply 9, crystallizer 13, hearth electrode plate 6, crystallizer water collar 8, hearth electrode cooling device.Liquid slag liquid level is in the internal layer copper pipe inner chamber of crystallizer 13, form melting slag bath 3, the bottom of the metal bath 4 below melting slag bath 3 is solidified and is formed ingot casting 5, the upper surface of hearth electrode plate 6 is directly lifted bottom ingot casting 5, metal consumable electrode 1 and hearth electrode plate 6 are all connected respectively on melting power supply 9 by cable 2, bottom and the melting slag bath 3 of metal consumable electrode 1 contact with each other, make metal consumable electrode 1, melting slag bath 3, metal bath 4, molten metal core in ingot casting 5, ingot casting 5 and hearth electrode plate 6 are communicated with the path forming alternating current successively, crystallizer water collar 8 directly cools the sidewall of crystallizer 13, hearth electrode cooling device cools hearth electrode plate 6, it is characterized in that: the magnetic field generating arrangement that can apply transient magnetic field is set in the periphery of crystallizer 13, magnetic field generating arrangement comprises transient magnetic field coil 10, transient current generation power supply 11 and winding ascend platform 12.Transient current generation power supply 11 exports transient current 18 to transient magnetic field coil 10, transient magnetic field coil 10 noncontact is also looped around the outside of crystallizer 13, corresponding metal consumable electrode 1 melts end, melting slag bath 3 and metal bath 4 position apply transient magnetic field, what make transient magnetic field act on the incipient melting generation of electrode end converges large the metal drop 7 of growing up, under the alternation Lorentz force 14 of transient magnetic field generation and the compound action of pressure wave 15, make metal drop 7 dispersion in explosion formula, resolve into tiny metal drop group, fine metal molten drop spills in melting slag bath 3 at random, then melting slag bath 3 is passed through fully contacting with slag liquid, after washing, the field trash in fine metal molten drop and impurity is made to enter in melting slag bath 3 fast, slowly the metal bath 4 incorporated below melting slag bath 3 is converged in sedimentation again, last crystallizer water collar 8 outside crystallizer 13 and under the Forced water cooling of the hearth electrode cooling device of hearth electrode plate 6 bottom crystallization and freezing from bottom to top, form the ingot casting 5 solidified,
Simultaneously, due to the effect of transient magnetic field, make to generate induced-current 19 in melting slag bath 3 and metal bath 4, the magnetic line of force 17 that induced-current 19 and transient magnetic field coil 10 produce interacts, produce totally centripetal Lorentz force 14, Lorentz force 14 pairs of metal baths 4 apply constriction power, make the slag liquid of melting slag bath 3 enter between the internal layer copper pipe of crystallizer 13 and the ingot casting 5 solidified, and form liquid-lubricant layer;
Meanwhile, under the alternation Lorentz force 14 of transient magnetic field generation and the compound action of pressure wave 15, smash the dendrite that forward position, metal bath 4 freezing interface is growing, form a large amount of nucleus 16;
Transient magnetic field coil 10 is fixedly connected with the lifting displacement mechanism of winding ascend platform 12, in whole ESR Process, drive coil hoistable platform 12, along with constantly rising in the molten bath of the melting slag bath 3 in the internal layer copper pipe inner chamber of crystallizer 13 and metal bath 4, winding ascend platform 12 is made to draw transient magnetic field coil 10 constant speed rising together thereupon, to guarantee to overlap with the composition interval of the fusing end of metal consumable electrode 1, melting slag bath 3 and metal bath 4 between the field regions that transient magnetic field coil 10 produces.
In the present embodiment, transient magnetic field coil 10 is arranged on outside the crystallizer water collar 8 outside crystallizer 13, or is arranged on the inside of crystallizer water collar 8.
In the present embodiment, GCr15 bearing steel is adopted to control the method for electroslag smelting casting and the embodiment special steel of device as additional transient magnetic field, GCr15 bearing steel is cast as Φ 300mm, the consutrode of length 2000mm, and before electroslag remelting, remove the oxide skin on surface.
In the present embodiment, see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the transient magnetic field coil 10 of electroslag molten casting device is placed on winding ascend platform 12, and be looped around the stainless steel outer exterior wall of crystallizer 13, between transient magnetic field coil 10 and crystallizer 13, there is good insulation and can move freely, ensureing the fusing of electroslag remelting, refining and process of setting simultaneously all in effective magnetic field active region.
Metal consumable electrode 1 and hearth electrode plate 6 are received melting power supply 9 the two poles of the earth, respectively by 3200g slag liquid (CaF
270%+Al
2o
330%) pour in crystallizer 13, the endoporus bore of crystallizer 13 is 500mm, is highly 1200mm.Adopt solid slag striking method to start, metal consumable electrode 1 is inserted in the melting slag bath 3 in the internal layer crystallizer copper pipe of crystallizer 13, pass into cooling water to crystallizer water collar 8.Melting power supply 9 adopts power frequency alternating current, and adjustment input current is 5000A.Electric current enters melting slag bath 3 by metal consumable electrode 1 and produces a large amount of Joule heat, and when electrode end slag liquid temp reaches metal consumable electrode 1 fusing point, the end of metal consumable electrode 1 starts successively to melt.Regulate transient current generation power supply 11, in transient magnetic field coil, pass into transient current 18, make voltage peak be 1000V, the frequency of transient current 18 is 50Hz, and make the peak magnetic induction intensity in transient magnetic field coil 10 be 2T, the magnetic line of force is axial direction.Under transient magnetic field effect, molten metal molten drop 7 will burst into molten drop tiny in a large number, through fully contacting with slag liquid, washing, field trash in molten drop and impurity are entered in melt cinder fast, then tiny molten drop imports the molten bath of metal bath 4 through melting slag bath 3, under the hearth electrode cooling device of hearth electrode plate 6 forces cooling effect, become the ingot casting 5 solidified.Equally due to the effect of transient magnetic field, melting slag bath 3 and metal bath 4 will generate induced-current 19, and the magnetic line of force 17 that this induced-current 19 and transient magnetic field coil 10 produce acts on, and produces totally centripetal Lorentz force 14.This Lorentz force 14 can form constriction stress effect to metal bath 4, makes slag liquid enter between the internal layer crystallizer copper pipe of crystallizer 13 and the ingot 5 solidifying casting, forms lubricating effect, thus improves the surface quality of ingot casting 5.And powerful Lorentz force 14 also will form Lorentz force pressure wave 15, form the micro flow of local, make the temperature in melting slag bath 3 and metal bath 4 more even, thermograde slows down, the dentrite tip in the forward position, freezing interface between metal bath 4 and ingot casting 5 is shattered, and forms nucleus multiplication effect.Pressure wave also will promote the raising of nucleation rate simultaneously, and forming a large amount of nucleus 16 in forward position, freezing interface, then can promote the arborescent structure being organized as refinement of ingot casting 5, is even full equiaxed grain structure.In whole crystallizer 13, melting slag bath 3 and metal bath 4 constantly rise, winding ascend platform 12 is constant speed rising together thereupon, to guarantee to form interval coincidence between the field regions that transient magnetic field coil 10 produces with the melting end of metal consumable electrode 1, melting slag bath 3 and metal bath 4.At the end of Electroslag Process, close melting power supply 9; At the end of to be solidified, close transient current generation power supply 11.After ingot casting 5 cools completely, close crystallizer water collar 8 cooling water system, from crystallizer 13, take out ingot casting 5, the bearing steel ESR ingot of high cleanliness, grain refinement can be obtained.
In the present embodiment, one or more groups coil is set in the crystallizer periphery of traditional electroslag remelting device, in coil, passes into transient current, transient magnetic field can be produced at crystallizer 13 intra-zone.Transient magnetic field acts on metal drop 7, and under alternation Lorentz force 14 and pressure wave 15 compound action, molten drop explosion formula is separated into tiny molten drop group, thus the impeller in slurry pump condition of strengthening non-metallic inclusion and impurity element, improve refining efficiency.Alternation Lorentz force 14 and pressure wave 15 acting in conjunction, in slag bath and metal bath, produce microcell flowing, reduce the thermograde in forward position, freezing interface; Smash the dendrite that solid liquid interface forward position is growing simultaneously, promote that the nucleus on crystallizer wall surface comes off, form nucleus multiplication effect; In addition, pressure wave 15 also promotes the spontaneous nucleation in metal bath, increases nucleation rate.The comprehensive effect that all these transient magnetic fields bring, by the dendrite of greatly refinement ESR ingot, even obtains equiaxed grain structure.This invention has the advantages such as technique is simple, pollution-free, purification efficiency is high, thin crystalline substance is effective, is applicable to the thin brilliant various ESR ingot product of refining.
embodiment two:
The present embodiment is substantially identical with embodiment one, and special feature is:
In the present embodiment, transient magnetic field coil 10 is arranged on the inside of crystallizer water collar 8, can directly lower the temperature to transient magnetic field coil 10, forms the water cooled coil of effective cooling, is convenient to the effective magnetic field of stable output.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the embodiment of the present invention is illustrated above; but the invention is not restricted to above-described embodiment; multiple change can also be made according to the object of innovation and creation of the present invention; change, the modification made under all Spirit Essences according to technical solution of the present invention and principle, substitute, combination, to simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence; as long as goal of the invention according to the invention; only otherwise deviating from the additional transient magnetic field of the present invention controls the method for electroslag smelting casting and the know-why of electroslag molten casting device and inventive concept, all protection scope of the present invention is belonged to.
Claims (9)
1. the electroslag molten casting device of the method for an additional transient magnetic field control electroslag smelting casting, be combined into by electroslag remelting device and die casting device, comprise metal consumable electrode (1), cable (2), melting power supply (9), crystallizer (13), hearth electrode plate (6), crystallizer water collar (8), hearth electrode cooling device, liquid slag liquid level is in the internal layer copper pipe inner chamber of described crystallizer (13), form melting slag bath (3), solidify in the bottom of the metal bath (4) of melting slag bath (3) below and form ingot casting (5), the upper surface of described hearth electrode plate (6) directly lifts ingot casting (5) bottom, described metal consumable electrode (1) and described hearth electrode plate (6) are all connected respectively on described melting power supply (9) by described cable (2), bottom and the melting slag bath (3) of described metal consumable electrode (1) contact with each other, make metal consumable electrode (1), melting slag bath (3), metal bath (4), molten metal core in ingot casting (5), ingot casting (5) and described hearth electrode plate (6) are communicated with the path forming alternating current successively, described crystallizer water collar (8) directly cools the sidewall of crystallizer (13), described hearth electrode cooling device cools described hearth electrode plate (6), it is characterized in that: in the periphery of described crystallizer (13), the magnetic field generating arrangement that can apply transient magnetic field is set, described magnetic field generating arrangement comprises transient magnetic field coil (10), transient current generation power supply (11) and winding ascend platform (12), transient current generation power supply (11) exports transient current (18) to described transient magnetic field coil (10), described transient magnetic field coil (10) noncontact is also looped around the outside of described crystallizer (13), corresponding metal consumable electrode (1) fusing end, melting slag bath (3) and metal bath (4) position apply transient magnetic field, what make transient magnetic field act on the incipient melting generation of electrode end converges large the metal drop (7) grown up, under the alternation Lorentz force (14) of transient magnetic field generation and the compound action of pressure wave (15), metal drop (7) is disperseed in explosion formula, resolve into tiny metal drop group, fine metal molten drop spills in melting slag bath (3) at random, then fully contact with slag liquid through melting slag bath (3) warp, after washing, the field trash in fine metal molten drop and impurity is made to enter in melting slag bath (3) fast, slowly the metal bath (4) incorporating melting slag bath (3) below is converged in sedimentation again, finally the crystallizer water collar (8) in described crystallizer (13) outside and under the Forced water cooling of the hearth electrode cooling device of hearth electrode plate (6) bottom crystallization and freezing from bottom to top, form the ingot casting (5) solidified,
Simultaneously, due to the effect of transient magnetic field, make to generate induced-current (19) in melting slag bath (3) and metal bath (4), the magnetic line of force (17) that induced-current (19) and described transient magnetic field coil (10) produce interacts, produce totally centripetal Lorentz force (14), Lorentz force (14) applies constriction power to metal bath (4), make the slag liquid of melting slag bath (3) enter between the internal layer copper pipe of described crystallizer (13) and the ingot casting (5) solidified, form liquid-lubricant layer;
Meanwhile, under the alternation Lorentz force (14) of transient magnetic field generation and the compound action of pressure wave (15), smash the dendrite that metal bath (4) forward position, freezing interface is growing, form a large amount of nucleus (16);
Described transient magnetic field coil (10) is fixedly connected with the lifting displacement mechanism of described winding ascend platform (12), in whole ESR Process, drive described winding ascend platform (12), along with constantly rising in the molten bath of the melting slag bath (3) in the internal layer copper pipe inner chamber of described crystallizer (13) and metal bath (4), described winding ascend platform (12) is made to draw the constant speed rising together thereupon of described transient magnetic field coil (10), to guarantee the fusing end with described metal consumable electrode (1) between the field regions that described transient magnetic field coil (10) produces, the composition interval of melting slag bath (3) and metal bath (4) overlaps.
2. electroslag molten casting device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described transient magnetic field coil (10) is arranged on described crystallizer water collar (8) outside in described crystallizer (13) outside, or is arranged on the inside of described crystallizer water collar (8).
3. the electroslag molten casting device adopting additional transient magnetic field according to claim 1 and 2 to control the method for electroslag smelting casting realizes the method that additional transient magnetic field controls electroslag smelting casting, it is characterized in that: the female electrode melting end of corresponding electroslag remelting, liquid slag bath and metal bath position apply transient magnetic field, what make transient magnetic field act on the incipient melting generation of electrode end converges large the metal drop of growing up, under the alternation Lorentz force of transient magnetic field generation and the compound action of pressure wave, metal drop is made to be the dispersion of explosion formula, resolve into tiny metal drop group, fine metal molten drop spills in slag bath at random, then fully contact with slag liquid through slag bath warp, after washing, field trash in fine metal molten drop and impurity are entered in melt cinder fast, slowly the metal bath incorporated below slag bath is converged in sedimentation again, last crystallization and freezing from bottom to top outside crystallizer and under the Forced water cooling of bottom, ingot casting is solidified in formation.
4. additional transient magnetic field according to claim 3 controls the method for electroslag smelting casting, it is characterized in that: the magnetic induction intensity of transient magnetic field is at 0.1 ~ 10T; Transient magnetic field is produced by magnetic field induction coil, and the transient current frequency exported to magnetic field induction coil is 0.1 ~ 15000Hz, and transient voltage is 50 ~ 2000V, and dutycycle is 0 ~ 100%; The waveform of transient current is sine wave, rectangular wave, sawtooth waveforms or staircase waveform.
5. additional transient magnetic field according to claim 3 controls the method for electroslag smelting casting, it is characterized in that: the melting electric current of electroslag smelting casting is provided by dc source or AC power, the melting voltage of electroslag smelting casting is 10 ~ 200V, melting electric current at 100 ~ 20000A, frequency 0.01 ~ 2000Hz.
6. additional transient magnetic field according to claim 3 controls the method for electroslag smelting casting, it is characterized in that: esr process is started by solid slag striking or directly started by liquid slag.
7. additional transient magnetic field according to claim 3 controls the method for electroslag smelting casting, it is characterized in that: the female electrode of electroslag remelting is single electrode or multi-electrode, or is small bore, or is heavy in section electrode; The prepared ingot casting that solidifies is circular ingot, square ingot casting, template ingot casting or special-shaped ingot casting.
8. additional transient magnetic field according to claim 3 controls the method for electroslag smelting casting, it is characterized in that: the material of the female electrode of electroslag remelting is ferrous metal and alloy, nonferrous metal and alloy.
9. additional transient magnetic field according to claim 3 controls the method for electroslag smelting casting, it is characterized in that: the prepared solidified structure solidifying ingot casting is full equiaxed grain structure, the direction of growth is axial refinement arborescent structure or the direction of growth is axial refinement columanar structure.
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| CN103331435A (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2013-10-02 | 上海大学 | Method for controlling metal solidification phase texture in combined mode through external rotating magnetic field and current and fusion casting device of method |
| CN104330411B (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2017-05-10 | 东北大学 | Device and method for dynamically observing and simulating behaviors of molten drops in electric slag remelting process |
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| CN113061741B (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2022-05-03 | 东北大学 | Electroslag remelting composite device and method for improving temperature distribution of slag bath by external magnetic field |
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| CN113737047A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-03 | 河南科技大学 | Metal-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
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