CN103027008A - Rice field ditch integrated ecological high-value rice and soft-shelled turtle planting and breeding method - Google Patents
Rice field ditch integrated ecological high-value rice and soft-shelled turtle planting and breeding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rice field ditch integrated ecological high-value rice and soft-shelled turtle planting and breeding method which comprises the following steps: 1, ruralizing a rice field and installing fences; 2, plowing the rice field; 3, transplanting rice; 4, putting soft-shelled turtles in the rice field and raising the soft-shelled turtles; 5, conducting field management; and 6, harvesting the rice and the soft-shelled turtles in good time. The method has the advantages that: 1, the foundation works of the rice field is optimized without reducing the area of the rice; 2, the foundation works of a rice ditch is optimized without destroying the structure of the rice field; 3, the landscape of the rice field is optimized to provide a good growth environment for the soft-shelled turtles; 4, a ladder type culture method is adopted to increase the planting and breeding density; and 5, the economic benefit of the rice field in a unit area is greatly increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the zoology breeding method field, ecological high value kind of the breeding method of the integrated rice soft-shelled turtle of especially a kind of rice field irrigation canals and ditches.
Background technology
At present, the rice field fish culture (soft-shelled turtle) that China promotes is produced and dig " Jing Zigou ", " cross ditch " in the rice field, and the rice field also needs along 2-4 puddle of ridge excavation, specification is 1-2 rice * 5-10 rice, be beneficial to surviving the winter and summer more of soft-shelled turtle, be generally 10%-20% thereby reduce rice field area, paddy rice underproduction 10%-25% is unfavorable for grain-production and safety.
Soft-shelled turtle is land and water amphibian, likes inhabiting the waters of water cleaning, but also hobby is got sun (be commonly called as and shine the back of the body), utilizes the ultraviolet ray in the sunlight to kill the pathogenic bacteria of body surface, promotes the healing of injured body surface, improves body temperature by shining the back of the body, promotes food digestion; Having promoted paddy-field soft-shelled turtle culture needs rice field central authorities or periphery to assemble high platform, shines the back of the body for soft-shelled turtle, and this design has taken the actual usable floor area in rice field, has in a disguised form reduced grain yield simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
Need to ditch platform of heap of stone in the existing paddy-field soft-shelled turtle culture technology in order to overcome, taken rice field area, affect the deficiency of rice yield, the present invention aims to provide ecological high value kind of the breeding method of the integrated rice soft-shelled turtle of a kind of rice field irrigation canals and ditches, this kind breeding method is by playing trapezoidal ridge in the rice field, forming the ditch between ridge and the ridge migrates for soft-shelled turtle, the area of plane of Rice Cropping does not reduce, conversely, the secretion of root system can effectively be regulated edaphon kind and ratio in the growth process of riceplant, thus the optimizing water quality condition, for good condition is created in the soft-shelled turtle growth, can realize that rice field area does not reduce, thereby increase rice yield and culture benefit.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
Ecological high value kind of the breeding method of the integrated rice soft-shelled turtle of a kind of rice field irrigation canals and ditches is characterized in, comprises following implementation step:
1) rice field garden farming and fence setting; The rice field is carried out smooth, the end in the rice field is provided with inlet channel, and the other end is provided with the drain ditch that is communicated with inlet channel, and this drain ditch furrow width is 1.0m-2.0m, and ditch depth is 1.5m-2.0m, and around in the rice field fence is set; The bottom of trench laying depth of described drain ditch water inlet is the barrier of 5cm ~ 20cm, above barrier, be provided with ditch with the dark anti-net of escaping, anti-escape to be provided with on the net highly be the partition wall of 60cm ~ 100cm; The bottom of trench laying depth of water side, described drain ditch is the barrier of 5cm ~ 20cm, is provided with check dam above barrier, is provided with the anti-net of escaping at check dam, is preventing escaping to be provided with highly to be the partition wall of 60cm ~ 100cm on the net;
2) rice field is ploughed whole; Basal dressing on the rice field, ridging then, the distance between adjacent two ridges is 0.6m-0.7m, the ridge height is 0.3m-0.35m;
3) rice transplanting; Every ridge transplanting rice 3 root and stem of certain plants ~ 5 root and stem of certain plants, spacing in the rows is 15 centimetres, line-spacing is 23.3 centimetres; The water layer that keeps 5cm-15cm in the furrow;
4) soft-shelled turtle is thrown in and raises; Soft-shelled turtle is thrown in and adopts soft-shelled turtle to fatten pattern or soft-shelled turtle seedling input pattern, and the described soft-shelled turtle pattern of fattening refers to throw in individual weight 200 g ~ 350g, throws in 190 ~ 250 for every mu; Described soft-shelled turtle seedling input pattern refers to throw in individual weight 6 g ~ 50g, throws in 1000 ~ 5000 for every mu; Throw in soft-shelled turtle feed every day twice;
5) field management; Mainly comprise paddy rice management and soft-shelled turtle management, wherein the soft-shelled turtle management refers to, prevention soft-shelled turtle disease occurs, adopted disinfectant to carry out disinfection every 5 ~ 7, sick, the dead soft-shelled turtle of discovery is in time cleared up, and every 2 days ~ 3 daily inspection fences and rice field ridge situation, keeps fence and ridge complete, in time process in discovery soft-shelled turtle cave, finds that the escape soft-shelled turtle in time catches;
6) paddy rice and soft-shelled turtle are gathered in the crops in good time.
Below be the preferred technical scheme of the present invention:
Described fence height is 60cm ~ 100cm; Described drain ditch is inverted trapezoidal.
Throw in twice soft-shelled turtle feed described every day respectively in about at 9 o'clock in the morning and about at 5 o'clock in afternoon, feed is take clam shell meat, spiral shell meat and fishes and shrimps powder as main, and field insect, loach and yellow eel are auxiliary.
To the rice field carry out smooth after, the rice field square is turned to 3 mu ~ 100 mu, and the rice field square of square is divided into field, some mounds, field, every mound size is 1 mu ~ 3 mu.
Described anti-to escape net be wire netting or nylon wire, and described check dam height is 1m ~ 1.5m.
Described field adopts single single pattern of filling with to irrigate.
Top, described drain ditch is provided with many crossbeams.
Described soft-shelled turtle in good time results refers to: the material meat content of soft-shelled turtle is higher, and can according to market conditions, select soft-shelled turtle price preferably time listing because the soft-shelled turtle hibernation does not need to take food again winter.
When throwing in soft-shelled turtle according to the soft-shelled turtle pattern of fattening, put duck in a suitable place to breed in the rice field, can increase the field availability on the one hand, can play inhibitory action to the damage by disease and insect in the rice field on the other hand, concrete stocking method adopts existing method for growing duck in paddyfield.
By said method, in ecological high value kind of the breeding method of the integrated rice soft-shelled turtle of rice field of the present invention irrigation canals and ditches, described rice field garden farming and fence setting refer to:
1) carry out smooth and square to field, the square size does not wait with 3-100 mu, and field, every mound size does not wait with 1-3 mu; One of field is established inlet channel, furrow width 0.3-0.5m, and the degree of depth is that the drain ditch is established in the other end about 0.3m, furrow width 1.0-2.0m, the degree of depth is 1.5-2.0m.
2) fencing material can be suited measures to local conditions, and can adopt bamboo, timber and construction material.The fence height is 0.6-1.0m, and width is decided on material, and the materials such as bamboo, timber are being sealed into the master, and construction material can suitably stay certain width, is advisable with 0.2-0.3m, for people's walking (Fig. 1).
Described irrigation canals and ditches intake-outlet management refers to: field is poured water and is adopted single single pattern of filling with to carry out.
Described irrigation canals and ditches retaining refers to: carry out in the drain ditch that is the shape of falling the ladder.
1) according to the streamflow regime in drain ditch, its water one end (front end) bottom of trench is laid barrier, and the degree of depth is 0.05-0.2m, lays wire netting or nylon wire with ditch depth, and the partition wall of 0.6-1.0m is set up in the ditch top, prevents the soft-shelled turtle escape.
2) the draining other end (end), bottom of trench is laid barrier, and the degree of depth is 0.05-0.2m, adopts barrier to erect the dam that is about 2/3 ditch depth in the ditch; Remain 1/3 ditch depth and establish wire netting or nylon wire, with timely draining, the partition wall of 0.6-1.0m is set up in the ditch top simultaneously during abundant water, and the control soft-shelled turtle escapes.
3) wire netting or nylon wire need be laid equally in the both sides of drain ditch front end, and terminal dam height should adopt barrier to lay, and remains 1/3 ditch depth and should lay wire netting or nylon wire.
4) the whole piece drain ditch will be take the field width as spacing distance, reserves crossbeam, for winter the irrigation canals and ditches top lay the straw braid or construction material is prepared, lay-up will be suited measures to local conditions, and should choose the material light and handy, that warmth retention property is good.Long such as the field width, more isometric cutting apart, lay crossbeam.
Whole referring to ploughed in described rice field: undertaken by the described method of patent of invention ZL201010233986.9 disclosed " paddy ladder type cultivation method ", use sufficient base manure, its ridging width (bag ditch) is 0.6-0.7m, highly is 0.3-0.35m.
Described rice transplanting refers to: according to the mode of patent of invention ZL201010233986.9 disclosed " paddy ladder type cultivation method ", every ridge transplanting rice 4 root and stem of certain plants, spacing in the rows is 15 centimetres, line-spacing is 23.3 centimetres, topdress in right amount, do not go and buy Chinese medicine, the extermination of disease and insect pest adopts physical control and puts soft-shelled turtle in a suitable place to breed and the duck control combines.The field needs the long-term 5-15 centimetre of water layer that keep, and is not advisable by water logging with half of ridge.
The management of described paddy rice comprises and water, fertilizer, Pest control all manages with reference to existing method.
Described soft-shelled turtle is thrown in raising and refers to:
1) the soft-shelled turtle input is minimum with the cycle of raising is 1 year, generally is advisable with 3-5.
2) soft-shelled turtle input pattern has two kinds, and first soft-shelled turtle is fattened pattern, throws in individual weight 200-350g, only throws in 190-250 for every mu; It two is that the soft-shelled turtle seedling is thrown in pattern, throws in individual weight 6-50g, only throws in 1000-5000 for every mu.
3) soft-shelled turtle is regularly thrown in feed twice every day, at 9 o'clock in the morning, at 5 o'clock in afternoon.Feed resource is take clam shell meat, spiral shell meat and fishes and shrimps powder as main, and field insect, loach and yellow eel are auxiliary.
Described field management refers to:
1) prevention soft-shelled turtle disease occurs, and regularly adopts chlorine-containing disinfectant to carry out disinfection, and finds to die of illness soft-shelled turtle, in time clear up.
2) escape of prevention soft-shelled turtle because soft-shelled turtle is good at digging a hole, therefore need be made regular check on fence and ridge situation, and in time process in the discovery cave, and regularly patrol around the field, finds that the escape soft-shelled turtle will in time catch.
Described soft-shelled turtle in good time results refers to: the material meat content of soft-shelled turtle is higher, and do not need to take food owing to the soft-shelled turtle hibernation winter again.Therefore, can according to market conditions, select the preferably time listing of soft-shelled turtle price.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention forms the ditch and migrates for soft-shelled turtle by playing trapezoidal ridge in the rice field between ridge and the ridge, the area of plane of Rice Cropping does not reduce, and utilizes the drain ditch to form the pond, survives the winter and avoids heat for soft-shelled turtle.Because paddy growth needs a large amount of mineral nutritions, the excreta that produces in the breeding soft-shell turtle process can be for the paddy rice growth, conversely, the secretion of root system can effectively be regulated edaphon kind and ratio in the growth process of riceplant, and the soil germ is played certain inhibitory action, thus the optimizing water quality condition, for good condition is created in the soft-shelled turtle growth, final realization rice field area does not reduce, and rice yield does not reduce, and culture benefit does not reduce.
The present invention is further elaborated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of field of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the water inlet in drain ditch;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the water side in drain ditch.
In the drawings
The 1-barrier; The anti-net of escaping of 2-; The 3-partition wall; The 4-check dam; The 5-drain ditch;
The 6-rice field; The 7-fence; The 8-inlet channel.
Embodiment
Describe ecological high value kind of the breeding method of the integrated rice soft-shelled turtle of a kind of rice field of the present invention irrigation canals and ditches in detail below in conjunction with a concrete test:
On March 20th, 2012, field is carried out smooth and garden farming, 3 mu of mound block sizes; One of field is established inlet channel, furrow width 0.3m, and the degree of depth is 0.3m, drain ditch 5 is established in the other end, furrow width 1.5m, the degree of depth is 1.5m.Fencing material is selected construction material.The fence height is 0.6m, and width is 0.2m, for people's walking.Field is poured water and is adopted single single pattern of filling with to carry out.
According to the streamflow regime in drain ditch, its water one end (front end) bottom of trench is laid barrier, and the degree of depth is 0.2m, lays wire netting or nylon wire with ditch depth, and the partition wall 3 of 0.6m is set up in the ditch top.The draining other end (end), bottom of trench is laid barrier, and the degree of depth is 0.2m, adopts barrier to erect the dam that is about 2/3 ditch depth in the ditch; Remain 1/3 ditch depth and establish wire netting or nylon wire, timely draining when being beneficial to abundant water, the barrier of 0.6m is set up in the ditch top simultaneously.The control soft-shelled turtle escapes.Wire netting or nylon wire need be laid equally in the both sides of drain ditch front end, and terminal dam height should adopt barrier to lay, and remains 1/3 ditch depth and should lay wire netting or nylon wire.The whole piece drain ditch will be take the field width as spacing distance, reserves crossbeam, for winter the irrigation canals and ditches top lay the straw braid or construction material is prepared, lay-up will be suited measures to local conditions, and should choose the material light and handy, that warmth retention property is good.Long such as the field width, more isometric cutting apart, lay crossbeam.
On March 26th, 2012, undertaken by the described method of patent of invention technology " paddy ladder type cultivation technology ", use sufficient base manure, its ridging width (bag ditch) is 0.6cm, highly is 0.3m, every ridge transplanting rice 4 root and stem of certain plants, spacing in the rows is 15 centimetres, and line-spacing is 23.3 centimetres, topdresses in right amount, do not go and buy Chinese medicine, the extermination of disease and insect pest adopts physical control and puts soft-shelled turtle in a suitable place to breed and the duck control combines.The field needs the long-term 5-15 centimetre of water layer that keep, and is not advisable by water logging with half of ridge.
Purchase soft-shelled turtle (kind Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis) on April 8th, 2012 and render to early rice (No. 17, Hunan Xian morning) Tanaka, 190 every mu (surviving 187), individual weight 358 grams, 25 yuan/of prices.
Changed on May 20th, 2012 in the season rice (kind Y two excellent No. 1), regularly throw in twice feed every day, at 9 o'clock in the morning, at 5 o'clock in afternoon.Feed is take clam shell meat, spiral shell meat and fishes and shrimps powder as main, and field insect, loach and yellow eel are auxiliary.
Prevention soft-shelled turtle disease occurs, and regularly adopts chlorine-containing disinfectant to carry out disinfection, and finds to die of illness soft-shelled turtle, in time clear up.The escape of prevention soft-shelled turtle because soft-shelled turtle is good at digging a hole, therefore need be made regular check on fence and ridge situation, and in time process in the discovery cave, and regularly patrol around the field, finds that the escape soft-shelled turtle will in time grab back.
On October 2nd, 2012, soft-shelled turtle results, listing.
Following table is the income comparative analysis of this paddy-field soft-shelled turtle culture test with the conventional rice cultivation:
Annotate: 1. paddy calculates by 2.6 yuan/kg.2. net income=(grain yield income+soft-shelled turtle output income)-(soft-shelled turtle cost and feeding cost+fence cost+other material expense+recruitment is fixed a price for).3. the rice field soft-shelled turtle is 3 peasant household's survey data.4. soft-shelled turtle product price: 160 yuan/kg.5. other material expense is comprised of direct operating cost and indirect expense two parts.Direct operating cost contains 11 kinds of expenses: seed, fund of seed, and farmyard manure takes, and chemical fertilizer takes, and plastic film takes, agricultural chemicals expense, animal power takes, and mechanical work is taken, the irrigation and drainage expense, fuels and energy is taken, frame fee of material, other direct manufacturing costs; Indirect expense is by containing 6 kinds of expenses: the depreciation of fixed assets expense, and the initial stage expense is shared, and small farm tools is purchased repairing, land contract expense, administration fee and other manufacturing overhead margins, selling charges.
The content that above-described embodiment is illustrated should be understood to these embodiment and only is used for being illustrated more clearly in the present invention, limit the scope of the invention and be not used in, after having read the present invention, those skilled in the art all fall within the application's claims limited range to the modification of the various equivalent form of values of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. ecological high value kind of the breeding method of the integrated rice soft-shelled turtle of rice field irrigation canals and ditches is characterized in that, comprises following implementation step:
1) rice field garden farming and fence setting; Carry out smooth to rice field (6), one end of (6) is provided with inlet channel (8) in the rice field, and the other end is provided with the drain ditch (5) that is communicated with inlet channel (8), and this drain ditch (5) furrow width is 1.0m-2.0m, ditch depth is 1.5m-2.0m, and (6) arrange fence (7) all around in the rice field; The bottom of trench laying depth of described drain ditch (5) water inlet is the barrier (1) of 5cm ~ 20cm, is provided with in barrier (1) top with ditch with the dark anti-net (2) of escaping, and is provided with and highly is the partition wall of 60cm ~ 100cm (3) at the anti-net (2) of escaping; The bottom of trench laying depth of water side, described drain ditch (5) is the barrier (1) of 5cm ~ 20cm, be provided with check dam (4) in barrier (1) top, be provided with the anti-net (2) of escaping at check dam (4), be provided with and highly be the partition wall of 60cm ~ 100cm (3) at the anti-net (2) of escaping;
2) rice field is ploughed whole; (6) upper basal dressing in the rice field, ridging then, the distance between adjacent two ridges is 0.6m-0.7m, the ridge height is 0.3m-0.35m;
3) rice transplanting; Every ridge transplanting rice 3 root and stem of certain plants ~ 5 root and stem of certain plants, spacing in the rows is 15 centimetres, line-spacing is 23.3 centimetres; The water layer that keeps 5cm-15cm in the furrow;
4) soft-shelled turtle is thrown in and raises; Soft-shelled turtle is thrown in and adopts soft-shelled turtle to fatten pattern or soft-shelled turtle seedling input pattern, and the described soft-shelled turtle pattern of fattening refers to throw in individual weight 200 g ~ 350g, throws in 190 ~ 250 for every mu; Described soft-shelled turtle seedling input pattern refers to throw in individual weight 6 g ~ 50g, throws in 1000 ~ 5000 for every mu; Throw in soft-shelled turtle feed every day twice;
5) field management; Mainly comprise paddy rice management and soft-shelled turtle management, wherein the soft-shelled turtle management refers to, prevention soft-shelled turtle disease occurs, adopted disinfectant to carry out disinfection every 5 ~ 7, sick, the dead soft-shelled turtle of discovery is in time cleared up, and every 2 days ~ 3 daily inspection fences and rice field ridge situation, keeps fence and ridge complete, in time process in discovery soft-shelled turtle cave, finds that the escape soft-shelled turtle in time catches;
6) paddy rice and soft-shelled turtle are gathered in the crops in good time.
2. ecological high value kind of the breeding method of the integrated rice soft-shelled turtle of rice field irrigation canals and ditches according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described fence height is 60cm ~ 100cm; Described drain ditch is inverted trapezoidal.
3. the ecological high value of the integrated rice soft-shelled turtle of rice field irrigation canals and ditches according to claim 1 is planted breeding method, it is characterized in that, throw in twice soft-shelled turtle feed described every day respectively in about at 9 o'clock in the morning and about at 5 o'clock in afternoon, feed is take clam shell meat, spiral shell meat and fishes and shrimps powder as main, and field insect, loach and yellow eel are auxiliary.
4. the ecological high value of the integrated rice soft-shelled turtle of rice field irrigation canals and ditches according to claim 1 is planted breeding method, it is characterized in that, to the rice field carry out smooth after, the rice field square is turned to 3 mu ~ 100 mu, and the rice field square of square is divided into field, some mounds, field, every mound size is 1 mu ~ 3 mu.
5. ecological high value kind of the breeding method of the integrated rice soft-shelled turtle of rice field according to claim 1 irrigation canals and ditches is characterized in that, described anti-to escape net (2) be wire netting or nylon wire, and described check dam height is 1m ~ 1.5m.
6. ecological high value kind of the breeding method of the integrated rice soft-shelled turtle of rice field irrigation canals and ditches according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described field adopts single single pattern of filling with to irrigate.
7. ecological high value kind of the breeding method of the integrated rice soft-shelled turtle of rice field irrigation canals and ditches according to claim 1 is characterized in that, top, described drain ditch is provided with many crossbeams.
8. the ecological high value of the integrated rice soft-shelled turtle of rice field irrigation canals and ditches according to claim 1 is planted breeding method, it is characterized in that, described soft-shelled turtle in good time results refers to: the material meat content of soft-shelled turtle is higher, do not need to take food owing to the soft-shelled turtle hibernation winter again, can according to market conditions, select the preferably time listing of soft-shelled turtle price.
9. ecological high value kind of the breeding method of the integrated rice soft-shelled turtle of rice field irrigation canals and ditches according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when the pattern of fattening according to soft-shelled turtle is thrown in soft-shelled turtle, puts duck in a suitable place to breed in the rice field.
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