CN102930764B - Ion source negative hydrogen ion beam leading-out experiment table for neutron tube - Google Patents
Ion source negative hydrogen ion beam leading-out experiment table for neutron tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN102930764B CN102930764B CN201210428854.0A CN201210428854A CN102930764B CN 102930764 B CN102930764 B CN 102930764B CN 201210428854 A CN201210428854 A CN 201210428854A CN 102930764 B CN102930764 B CN 102930764B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to an experiment facility for a neutron tube and particularly relates to an ion source negative hydrogen ion beam leading-out experiment table for the neutron tube, which is a key experiment facility for researching and designing the neutron tube with the long service life and high stability. A glass bell jar with a high-voltage electrode serves as experimental space. Hydrogen is fed into a micro-adjustable valve, and the vacuum degree can be adjusted so that the working air pressure inside the neutron tube is simulated. The generation of D and T negative ions in a penning ion source on the experimental table mainly depends on a dissociation adsorption manner, negative molecular ions and negative triatomic ions do not exist, and all leading-out beams are monatomic negative ions. The leading-out beams of the ion source in the neutron tube are closely related to multiple factors. Through the experiment table, the parameters of an ion source system can be very conveniently adjusted so that the influences of the parameters on the leading-out beams are researched, and good beam quality is achieved on an accelerating electrode. In addition, the experiment table can be used for making simulation experiment of the neutron tube and checking and correcting the design of the neutron tube and is capable of greatly shortening the development cycle and saving development capital.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the experimental facilities of neutron tube, be specifically related to penning (PIG) neutron tube ion source beam of negative hydrogen and draw experimental bench.
Background technology
Neutron tube and be an experimental very strong science and technology with the neutron generator that it is core, has important application in a lot of field.Neutron tube is sealed in ion source, acceleration focusing electrode, target and pressure regulation system inside the vacuum casting of an insulation, forms a compact accelerator.Ion source in neutron tube is one of the core component determining the yield of neutron tube, life-span and stability.Penning ion source (being called for short PIG ion source), due to features such as its structure is simple, working stability, the life-span are long, electric power system is simple and can work at low pressure, is widely used in the compact accelerators such as neutron tube.
Along with the continuous expansion of neutron tube, neutron generator application, be badly in need of the neutron tube of the various different parameters of development and characteristic.And the size of the selection of the educt beaming flow in neutron tube intermediate ion source and accelerating gap, the size of drawing aperture, ionogenic structure, each parts and material, electron temperature and electrode leading structure, intraductal atmospheric pressure etc. all have close relationship.Therefore, the development of neutron tube is based on a large amount of experiments.So with ion source educt beaming flow for core, build one and can measure educt beaming flow characterisitic parameter, the development of experimental provision to neutron tube of simulation neutron tube operating state is very important.It can do the simulated experiment of neutron tube, and the design of inspection and correction neutron tube, shortens the lead time greatly, saves development capital.
The neutron tube of current domestic production is all adopt the PIG ion source of drawing cation, and deuterium (D) ion that ion source produces by the negative high voltage adding-60KV ~-120KV at target end and tritium (T) ion accelerate, and nuclear reaction generation neutron occurs on target.The shortcomings such as the neutron tube of this structure exists, and educt beaming flow utilance is low, and target can produce secondary electron, and faraday cylinder surface easily forms the field emission point of electronics, and the sputter damage of target is large.Adopt PIG type anion source, produce the anion of deuterium (D), tritium (T).Target adds positive high voltage, and when removing electronics in educt beaming flow, educt beaming flow is all monatomic anion, and the line utilance producing neutron can reach 100%, can overcome above-mentioned shortcoming.
Summary of the invention
In order to improve the success rate and efficiency of developing different purposes neutron tube, improving life-span and the stability of neutron tube, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of penning (PIG) neutron tube ion source beam of negative hydrogen and drawing experimental bench.
Penning neutron tube ion source beam of negative hydrogen is drawn experimental bench and is made up of Penning ion source beam of negative hydrogen extension and vacuum system and environment division.
Experimental bench is lab space with the glass bell jar of high-field electrode, is communicated with molecular pump unit through vacuum flange.The simulated experiment that ion source line draws experiment and neutron tube overall work state can be done, or check the design size of a certain element and the selection in material and magnetic field.Vacuum flange with insulating electrode in order to introduce ion source voltage and collect voltage.Circular high voltage electrode on glass bell jar is introduced and is accelerated high pressure.Micro-adjustable valve passes into hydrogen and vacuum degree can be regulated to simulate the operating air pressure of neutron tube inside.The X ray produced when lead glass is used for stopping experiment is placed before experimental bench.The shape of ionogenic discharge scenario and educt beaming flow directly can be observed through lead glass.The generation of D, T anion in PIG ion source on this experimental bench, mainly by dissociative adsorption mode, reaction equation is H
2+ e → H
2 -→ H
1 -+ H
1, (negative molecular ion is unstable, and the life-span is about 10 to there is not negative molecular ion
-15s-10
-13s) with three negative atomic ions, educt beaming flow is all monatomic anion, produce the line utilance of neutron can reach 100%. and, because line utilance is high, the amount producing D, T anion needed for identical yield neutron when being packaged into neutron tube future is smaller, very little to the sputter damage of target, the life-span of target can obtain significant prolongation.Another advantage target adding positive high voltage is, anion knocks the secondary electron that target produces down and can turn back on target immediately, therefore, without the need to considering the measure suppressing secondary electron.But, while drawing anion from PIG type anion source, also drawn a part of electronics, if allow them knock down on target, will the major part accelerating electric current be accounted for, increase the load accelerating high voltage source, therefore, this part electronics must be separated from educt beaming flow.Here we adopt and on the path of line, meticulously arrange corresponding horizontal deflection magnetic field and passive electrode realizes.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
Penning neutron tube ion source beam of negative hydrogen is drawn experimental bench and is made up of Penning ion source beam of negative hydrogen extension and vacuum system and environment division.
The glass bell jar that lab space is limited in high-field electrode is inner, and glass bell jar bottom is ring flange, and ring flange is provided with the conduit etc. of insulating electrode, ground electrode, vacuum gauge, thermometer, air inlet pipe, connection molecular pump.Electrode is for providing the anode voltage needed for experiment, collecting voltage, accelerating voltage; Vacuum gauge is for measuring the Vacuum Deposition of glass bell jar inside; Air inlet pipe is used for being filled with working gas to glass bell jar inside, and can realize fine setting.The line being positioned at the H-ion source of glass bell jar inside is drawn and is adopted eccentric lead-out mode, and when bias is drawn, the central shaft coincidence of the central shaft of anode canister and copperhead, target, extraction negative electrode, the density departing from ion source central core region anion is maximum.Passive electrode and acceleration pole plate add positive high voltage, and accelerating voltage is higher than collection voltage, and educt beaming flow comprises anion and electronics, and anion is all monatomic anion.Because the generation of the duplet neutron in educt beaming flow is not contributed, and the load of high voltage source can be increased, therefore must remove.We adopt one group of horizontal deflection magnetic field to add passive electrode to realize, or employing two groups is mutually 90
0horizontal deflection magnetic field add passive electrode to realize, magnetic field is greater than the radius of gyration of electronics along the thickness in beam axis direction.Theory calculate shows magnetic field intensity hundreds of Gs, collects voltage several kilovolts.Passive electrode is embedded in two groups of magnet steel, and passive electrode doubles as extraction electrode simultaneously.The configuration in two groups of magnetic fields can ensure the abundant removal of electronics can ensure again the axisymmetric shape of educt beaming flow.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, as experiment and test platform, penning neutron tube ion source beam of negative hydrogen draws experimental bench can be optimized combination to each parameter easily, and target and accelerating electrode plate obtain best quality of beam.By the improvement to parts, make Penning ion source be operated in optimum state, its result can be used for research and the design of various different purposes neutron tube.Significantly can shorten the lead time, save development capital.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is that penning neutron tube ion source beam of negative hydrogen draws experimental bench Penning ion source beam of negative hydrogen extension structural representation.
Wherein 1. ion source magnet steel, 2. draw negative electrode, 3. target, 4. anode canister, 5. ion source cover, 6. passive electrode, 7. deflects magnet steel, 8. glass tube, 9. target and accelerating electrode plate, 10. anode terminal, 11. ground electrode binding posts, face shield on 12., 13. copperheads.
Accompanying drawing 2 is that penning neutron tube ion source beam of negative hydrogen draws experimental bench vacuum system and environment division structural representation.
Wherein 14. accelerate high-field electrode, 15. Penning ion source beam of negative hydrogen extensions, 16. insulating supports, 17. glass bell jars, 18. ion source electrodes, 19. ground electrodes, 20. vacuum gauges, 21. passive electrodes, 22. thermometers, 23. exhaust tubes, 24. manually-operated gates, 25. fine tuning valves, 26. working gas feed tubes, 27. molecular pump units, 28. ring flanges.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment
Penning neutron tube ion source beam of negative hydrogen of the present invention is drawn experimental bench and is made up of Penning ion source beam of negative hydrogen extension and vacuum system and environment division.Adopt cylindrical shaft symmetrical structure, it is all positioned over ion source, accelerating electrode, passive electrode, deflection magnet steel, pressure regulation system etc. in glass bell jar, form a compact conformation, ion source line easy to use draws experimental provision, its structure and position relationship are as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Penning ion source beam of negative hydrogen extension: as in accompanying drawing 1, all parts is cleaned up, install from the bottom to top.First target 3 is put into copperhead 13, then ion source magnet steel 1 is put into copperhead 13, extraction negative electrode 2 and ion source cover 5 weld together, and are placed in above copperhead 13.Inner at ion source cover 5, anode canister 4. face shield 12 connected by anode terminal 10 is housed and entangles copperhead 13, and keep contacting well with ion source cover 5.One section of glass tube 8 placed by upper face shield, a pair deflection magnet steel 7 is placed in glass tube 8, outer wrap one deck of deflection magnet steel 7 can valve material as passive electrode 6. at upper ends target of glass tube 8 and accelerating electrode plate 9, ground electrode binding post 11 is connected with power cathode.Be more than core and the Penning ion source beam of negative hydrogen extension of experimental bench, all parts of this part must keep coaxial, and axiality franchise is not more than 0.02mm.
Vacuum system and environment division, as shown in Figure 2, first Penning ion source beam of negative hydrogen extension 15 is positioned on insulating support 16, by ion source electrode 18, ground electrode 19, passive electrode 21, be connected with the respective electrode of Penning ion source beam of negative hydrogen extension 15 respectively, glass bell jar 17 is buckled on ring flange 28, and the target of PIG ion source beam of negative hydrogen extension 15 and accelerating electrode plate is connected on acceleration high-field electrode 14.Then connect each road power supply, connect vacuum gauge 20, and open.Connect thermometer 22, and open.Open molecular pump unit 27, open manually-operated gate 24, by exhaust tube 23 pairs of glass bell jar 17 inner spaces, vacuumize, when vacuum degree reaches 10
-4during more than Pa, slowly open fine tuning valve 25, import working gas by working gas feed tube 26, we select hydrogen as working gas here.Fine tuning valve 25 controls the import volume of working gas, is measured the vacuum degree of glass bell jar 17 inside by vacuum gauge.Then, open ion source power supply, collector power supply successively, accelerate high voltage source.Now experimental bench enters operating state, can carry out testing, measure and observing.
Claims (3)
1. penning neutron tube ion source beam of negative hydrogen draws experimental bench, it is characterized in that: it is made up of ion source beam of negative hydrogen extension 15 and vacuum system and environment two parts, wherein, Penning ion source beam of negative hydrogen extension 15 is made up of copperhead 13, upper face shield 12, anode canister 4, ion source cover 5, ion source magnet steel 1, deflection magnet steel 7, passive electrode 6, glass tube 8, target and accelerating electrode plate 9, vacuum system and environment are by accelerating high-field electrode 14, glass bell jar 17, vacuum gauge 20, thermometer 22, manually-operated gate 24, fine tuning valve 25, molecular pump unit 27, ring flange 28 is formed, Penning ion source beam of negative hydrogen extension 15 is that target 3 is placed in copperhead 13, again ion source magnet steel 1 is inserted in copperhead 13, extraction negative electrode 2 and ion source cover 5 weld together, and be placed in above copperhead 13, inner at ion source cover 5, anode canister 4 face shield 12 connected by anode terminal 10 is housed and entangles copperhead 13, keep contacting with ion source cover 5, one section of glass tube 8 placed by upper face shield 12, a pair deflection magnet steel 7 is placed in glass tube 8, deflection magnet steel 7 outer wrap one deck can valve material as passive electrode 6, at upper ends target and the accelerating electrode plate 9 of glass tube 8, ground electrode binding post 11 is connected with power cathode, the all parts of Penning ion source beam of negative hydrogen extension 15 keep coaxial, Penning ion source beam of negative hydrogen extension 15 is positioned on insulating support 16, ion source electrode 18, ground electrode 19, passive electrode 21, be connected with the respective electrode of Penning ion source beam of negative hydrogen extension 15 respectively, glass bell jar 17 is buckled on ring flange 28, the target of Penning ion source beam of negative hydrogen extension 15 and accelerating electrode plate 9 are connected to and accelerate high-field electrode 14, connect each road power supply, namely ion source electrode 18 is connected on outer ion source current, passive electrode 21 is connected on collected outside power supply, accelerating high-field electrode 14 is connected on external high pressure power supply, vacuum gauge 20 is set in glass bell jar 17, thermometer 22, glass bell jar 17 is communicated with molecular pump unit 27 by exhaust tube 23 manually-operated gate 24, glass bell jar 17 separately establishes fine tuning valve 25 to connect air shooter 26 simultaneously.
2. penning neutron tube ion source beam of negative hydrogen according to claim 1 draws experimental bench, it is characterized in that: the line of Penning ion source is drawn and adopted eccentric lead-out mode, the central shaft of anode canister 4 and copperhead 13, target 3, the central shaft of drawing negative electrode 2 overlap, draw anion stream from Penning ion source, a pair deflection magnet steel is set outside passive electrode.
3. penning neutron tube ion source beam of negative hydrogen according to claim 1 draws experimental bench, it is characterized in that: all parts axiality franchises of glass bell jar 17 internal beam current extension are not more than 0.02mm.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN201210428854.0A CN102930764B (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2012-11-01 | Ion source negative hydrogen ion beam leading-out experiment table for neutron tube |
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| CN102930764B true CN102930764B (en) | 2015-02-11 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104966448B (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2018-04-27 | 东北师范大学 | Radio frequency neutron tube ion gun line draws tabletop experiments platform |
| CN107318213B (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2019-05-31 | 复旦大学 | The experimental provision of high electric conduction |
| CN109041397B (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-07-26 | 珠海市纽创科技有限公司 | A kind of microminiature neutron tube |
| CN110975964B (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2021-10-26 | 散裂中子源科学中心 | Design method and application of magnetic device |
| CN113097036B (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2023-10-31 | 西京学院 | Neutron tube structure for bidirectionally leading out penning ion source |
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