CN102711355B - Penning anion source ceramic neutron tube - Google Patents
Penning anion source ceramic neutron tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN102711355B CN102711355B CN201210194809.3A CN201210194809A CN102711355B CN 102711355 B CN102711355 B CN 102711355B CN 201210194809 A CN201210194809 A CN 201210194809A CN 102711355 B CN102711355 B CN 102711355B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to an improved turn-off neutron source and in particular relates to a Penning anion source ceramic neutron tube. The Penning anion source ceramic neutron tube adopts a PIG type anion source to generate anions of deuterium (D) and tritium (T). The anion source adopts a lateral lead-out or eccentric lead-out mode; positive high voltage is added on a target; and under the condition of removing electrons from lead-out beams, the lead-out beams are monatomic anions and the utilization ratio of the beams generating neutrons can reach 100 percent. The neutron yield of the neutron tube with the structure is increased by about 2 orders of magnitude compared with that of the former neutron tube under the conditions of the same high voltage and beams. A tube of phi 50 is taken as an example, the life of the improved Penning anion source ceramic neutron tube is prolonged by more than 10 times, the yield is increased by about 100 times, the stability is not more than 3 percent and the rate of the finished products is more than 90 percent.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the improved neutron source of turn-offing, be specifically related to a kind of penning anion source sealed ceramic neutron tube.
Background technology
The neutron tube of domestic production is at present all to adopt penning (PIG) ion source of drawing cation, and deuterium (D) ion and tritium (T) ion that ion source are produced at the negative high voltage of add-60KV of target end～-120KV accelerate, and nuclear reaction generation neutron occurs on target.In the accelerated process of ion beam current, the faraday cylinder surface that surrounds target easily forms the field emission point of electronics, and some beats these electronics to ceramic wall, causes ceramic package decreasing insulating.Some beats the ground electrode to accelerating gap, forms dark current, and high voltage source is had a negative impact.In the ion beam current of drawing, contain monatomic ion, molecular ion, three atomic ions etc., and the velocity squared of molecular ion, three atomic ions is 1/2 and 1/3 of monatomic ions, very little to the contribution of neutron yield.In addition, the oxygen in carbon, ceramic material in stainless steel material also can form cation, and accelerated, and they do not contribute the yield of neutron.But these contributions are little or do not have contributive heavy ion, get on target and cause and sputter make target material produce larger consumption, shorten the life-span of target, make neutron yield reduce fast simultaneously.Heavy ion is got on target also can produce secondary electron, if these secondary electrons enter ion source, can destroy ionogenic operating state, produces the serious consequence such as avalanche and discharge, therefore, must add magnetic deflection field or other method suppresses secondary electron.These factors are to cause China's neutron tube yield low, the main cause that the life-span is short.Adopt PIG type anion source, produce the anion of deuterium (D), tritium (T).On target, add positive high voltage, in the situation that removing in educt beaming flow electronics, educt beaming flow is all monatomic anion, and the line utilance that produces neutron can reach 100%.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency of existing employing PIG type positive ion source neutron tube, the invention provides a kind of follow-on neutron tube, adopt PIG type anion source, produce the anion of D, T.Like this, just can add positive high voltage on target, the field emission that does not produce electronics at the electrode surface of positive polarity, can not produce the field emission of cation, because want to produce the field emission of cation, field intensity need improve 2～3 orders of magnitude.Therefore the impact that, can avoid the field emission of electronics and cation to produce neutron tube.The generation of D, T anion in this PIG source, is mainly by dissociation suction type, and reaction equation is H
2+ e → H
2 -→ H
1 -+ H
1, (negative molecular ion is unstable, and the life-span is about 10 negative molecular ion
-15s-10
-13s) with three negative atomic ions, educt beaming flow is all monatomic anion, produce the line utilance of neutron can reach 100%. and, because line utilance is high, the amount that produces the required D of identical yield neutron, T anion is smaller, sputter damage to target is very little, and the life-span of target can obtain significant prolongation.Another advantage that adds positive high voltage on target is that anion knocks the secondary electron producing on target down and can turn back to immediately on target, therefore, suppresses the measure of secondary electron without consideration.Also there is unfavorable factor in the neutron tube of this structure, that is exactly in drawing anion from PIG type anion source, also drawn a part of electronics, if allow them knock down on target, the major part of accelerating electric current will be accounted for, increase the load of drawing high voltage source, therefore, this part electronics must be separated from educt beaming flow.Here we adopt and on the path of line, corresponding horizontal deflection magnetic field are set meticulously and extraction electrode is realized.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: ion source adopts side direction to draw or eccentric lead-out mode, theoretical and experiment shows, in the time that side direction is drawn, because anode canister is laterally placed, can improve easily ion source axial magnetic field, and the density maximum of ion source central area anion; In the time that bias is drawn, the central shaft of anode canister and the central shaft of neutron tube overlap, and depart from the density maximum of ion source central core region anion.Neutron tube target end adds positive high voltage, and educt beaming flow comprises anion and electronics, and anion is all monatomic anion, and in the situation that removing electronics, the utilance of educt beaming flow can reach 100%, and need not consider the inhibition problem of secondary electron on target.Because the generation of the duplet neutron in educt beaming flow is not contributed, and can increase the load of high voltage source, can make the unstable working condition of neutron tube, therefore must remove.We adopt two to be mutually 90
0horizontal permanent magnetic field add that extraction electrode realizes, magnetic field is greater than the radius of gyration of electronics along the thickness of beam axis direction.Theoretical calculating shows magnetic field intensity hundreds of Gs, several kilovolts of extraction voltages.Extraction electrode is embedded in two groups of magnet steel, and extraction electrode doubles as passive electrode simultaneously.The configuration in two groups of magnetic fields can ensure the abundant removal of electronics, can ensure again the axisymmetric shape of educt beaming flow.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, adopt neutron tube neutron yield under identical high pressure and line of this structure, improve about 2 orders of magnitude than neutron tube in the past.Taking Φ 50 pipes as example, after improving, the life-span improves more than 10 times, and yield improves approximately 100 times, and stability is not more than 3%, and rate of finished products is higher than 90%.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing is the structural representation of penning anion source sealed ceramic neutron tube.
Wherein 1. blast pipes, 2. electrode (comprising: holder electrode and ion source electrode), 3. copperhead, 4. go up face shield, 5. grounding electrode, 6. anode canister, 7. ion source magnet steel, 8. ion source earthenware, 9. upper deflecting magnet steel, 10. descend deflection magnet steel, 11. extraction electrodes, 12. accelerate cylinder earthenware, 13. accelerate cylinder, 14. holders, 15. targets, 16. expansion cups.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment
Neutron tube of the present invention is circular shaft symmetrical structure, it is all sealed in ion source, accelerating system, target and pressure regulation system in an earthenware, form an electron tube simple and compact for structure, easy to use, its structure and position relationship are as shown in drawings.First copperhead 3 and target 15 are made, and cleaned up.Upper face shield 4, ion source earthenware 8, an acceleration cylinder earthenware 12, extraction electrode 11, acceleration cylinder 13, target 15 are sealed successively, holder 14 is welded between holder electrode 2 and grounding electrode 5; Then select side direction to draw with bias and draw one of two kinds of modes.If employing side direction is drawn, anode canister 6 central shafts are vertical with neutron tubular axis, and anode canister 6 and the ion source electrode 2 of expansion cup 16 welding also and on copperhead 3 are welded together.If adopt bias to draw, anode canister 6 is vertically placed, and central shaft and neutron tubular axis overlap, expansion glasss 16 need not, simultaneously by spot-welded together the ion source electrode 2 on anode canister 6 and copperhead 3.Then copperhead 3 is put into upper face shield 4, and welded together with upper face shield 4; Finally target 15 and acceleration cylinder 13 lower edges are welded together.When use, in the outside of neutron tube, ion source magnet steel 7 is put in to the axisymmetric position of anode canister 6, the diameter of ion source magnet steel 7 is less than anode canister 4 diameter 2mm. upper deflecting magnet steel 9 and lower deflection magnet steel 10 is mutually to 90
0, dislocation is put in to be accelerated to be positioned at extraction electrode 11 places outside cylinder earthenware 12, and for removing the electronics of drawing from ion source, these two groups of shared regions of deflection magnet steel are less than the length of extraction electrode 11.The inner all parts of neutron tube must keep coaxially, and axiality franchise is not more than 0.02mm.
Claims (2)
1. penning anion source sealed ceramic neutron tube, it is characterized in that circular shaft symmetrical structure, ion source, accelerating system, target and pressure regulation system are all sealed in an earthenware, (3) be copperhead, upper face shield (4), ion source earthenware (8), acceleration cylinder earthenware (12), an extraction electrode (11), acceleration cylinder (13), target (15) seal successively, and holder (14) is welded between holder electrode (2) and grounding electrode (5); Anode canister (6) central shaft is vertical with neutron tubular axis, and anode canister (6) and the ion source electrode (2) of expansion cup (16) welding also and on copperhead (3) weld together; Or anode canister (6) is vertically placed, and central shaft and neutron tubular axis overlap, ion source electrode (2) on anode canister (6) and copperhead (3) is spot-welded together simultaneously, then copperhead (3) is put into upper face shield (4), and weld together with upper face shield (4), target (15) and acceleration cylinder (13) lower edge weld together, the axisymmetric position that in the outside of neutron tube, ion source magnet steel (7) is put in to anode canister (6) when use, is mutually 90 by upper deflecting magnet steel (9) and lower deflection magnet steel (10)
0, dislocation is put in accelerates that cylinder earthenware (12) is outer to be positioned at extraction electrode (11) and to locate, and these two groups of shared regions of deflection magnet steel are less than the length of extraction electrode (11), and the inner all parts of neutron tube must keep coaxial.
2. penning anion source sealed ceramic neutron tube as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the diameter of described ion source magnet steel (7) is less than anode canister (6) diameter 2mm, and the inner all parts axiality franchises of neutron tube are not more than 0.02mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210194809.3A CN102711355B (en) | 2012-06-14 | 2012-06-14 | Penning anion source ceramic neutron tube |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210194809.3A CN102711355B (en) | 2012-06-14 | 2012-06-14 | Penning anion source ceramic neutron tube |
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| CN102711355A CN102711355A (en) | 2012-10-03 |
| CN102711355B true CN102711355B (en) | 2014-12-03 |
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| CN201210194809.3A Expired - Fee Related CN102711355B (en) | 2012-06-14 | 2012-06-14 | Penning anion source ceramic neutron tube |
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102930764B (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2015-02-11 | 东北师范大学 | Ion source negative hydrogen ion beam leading-out experiment table for neutron tube |
| CN104363693B (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2017-06-06 | 东北师范大学 | Plane radio-frequency ion source setl-target neutron tube |
| CN104966448B (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2018-04-27 | 东北师范大学 | Radio frequency neutron tube ion gun line draws tabletop experiments platform |
| CN106098517B (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-12-26 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Miniature Penning ion source under a kind of highfield |
| CN109275254B (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-10-08 | 珠海市纽创科技有限公司 | A kind of production method of microminiature neutron tube |
| CN109587926B (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2021-01-05 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Miniaturized strong current neutron generator |
| CN111584337B (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2023-04-07 | 北京应用物理与计算数学研究所 | Expanding cup type diffusion and ion extraction system configuration of high-density plasma ion source |
| CN111965690B (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2023-03-24 | 西京学院 | Method for detecting ion component ratio of target flow of neutron tube |
| CN114007323A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-02-01 | 西京学院 | Neutron tube structure of cone-shaped penning ion source |
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| DE1252814B (en) * | 1965-04-17 | |||
| JP2003270400A (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2003-09-25 | Taiyo Material:Kk | Pig type negative ion source for neutron generation tube |
| US20090108192A1 (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2009-04-30 | Schulumberger Technology Corporation | Tritium-Tritium Neutron Generator Logging Tool |
| CN101965094A (en) * | 2010-10-11 | 2011-02-02 | 长春致方达科技有限责任公司 | Spherical target ceramic neutron tube and manufacturing method thereof |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 杨振等.负氢潘宁离子源实验研究.《中国核科学技术进展报告》.2011,第54-58页. * |
| 负氢潘宁离子源实验研究;杨振等;《中国核科学技术进展报告》;20111031;第54-58页 * |
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