CN102815980B - Iodine-rich spinach special-purposed fertilizer, and method for cultivating spinach with iodine-rich spinach special-purposed fertilizer - Google Patents
Iodine-rich spinach special-purposed fertilizer, and method for cultivating spinach with iodine-rich spinach special-purposed fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an iodine-rich spinach special-purposed fertilizer. The iodine-rich spinach special-purposed fertilizer is prepared from well mixed materials of an iodine source and fertile substances satisfying spinach growth nutrient demand characteristics. The fertilizer comprises the components of, by weight: 1-5 parts of the iodine source (calculated according to the weight of iodine), 3000-5000 parts of an organic fertilizer; 20-30 parts of an NPK fertilizer, 0.34-0.45 parts of an zinc-containing compound (calculated according to the weight of zinc), 0.094-0.2 parts of an iron-containing compound (calculated according to the weight of iron), and 0.1-0.168 parts of a boron-containing compound (calculated according to the weight of boron). The invention also discloses a method for cultivating spinach with the iodine-rich spinach special-purposed fertilizer. The method comprises the steps of: fertilizer preparation, soil preparation and fertilizer application, seed preparation, sowing, managing, and harvesting. The preparation method of the fertilizer provided by the invention is simple. With the fertilizer, iodine-rich spinach can be cultivated. The spinach provided by the invention has high biological iodine content, and extremely high safety.
Description
Technical field
A kind of method that the present invention relates to iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer and cultivation spinach thereof, belongs to technical field of fertilizers.
Background technology
Iodine is a kind of trace element of needed by human, has the title of " intelligence element ".Its participates in the synthetic of Triiodothyronine, for the mankind's nutrition, has considerable effect.WHO suggestion grownup should take in the iodine of 150 μ g/d, and pregnant and lactate women is slightly high, is 200 μ g/d, and children corresponding minimizing take the photograph iodine amount.
Human body iodine deficiency can cause a series of disease, as thyrocele, premature labor, stillborn foetus, congenital malformation, deaf, mute, dull-witted etc. can causing because of iodine deficiency.Iodine deficiency is the endemy the widest, number of the infected is maximum that distributes in the world, and China is one of area of serious iodine deficiency in the world.The shortage of iodine will cause thyromegaly disease, and this has become a big bus hygienic issues of global range.It is reported, human body reaches as high as 99% to the bioavailability of iodine in different sorts food.Therefore, in raising food, the content of iodine is significant to the control of iodine deficiency.
Before the eighties in last century, people have gained some understanding for the harm of iodine deficiency, and for solving the iodine deficiency problem of this extensive existence, Universal saltiodization is appealed by the World Health Organization.China is iodine deficiency big country, and from nineteen ninety-five, China comes into effect Universal saltiodization, and the iodine adding in salt is Potassium Iodate or potassiumiodide, is a kind of iodine of inorganic form, and this inorganic iodine has the shortcomings such as the utilization ratio of the volatilization loss of being easy to, iodine is low.After 10 years, China 7-14 year student's totalgoiterrate declines to a great extent, accounting for the more than 90% qualified iodated salt coverage area of population, eliminated cretinistic generation completely, the recessive new born children's in iodine deficient area of past average IQ has improved about 11-12 IQ point.
For the crowd of Iodine Deficiency Area, by supplementation of iodine salt, the incidence of the disease that iodine deficiency causes is declined to a great extent, but the morbidity of the thyroid disease of more domestic coastlands is in rising trend.In May, 2009, the Ministry of Health take the lead carried out one " coastland residents ' iodine nutritional status " investigation, the reason of finding this phenomenon be with enrich the iodine excessive relevant.Excessive iodine also easily causes that iodine causes hyperthyroidism, AITD, hypothyroidism, high iodine thyrocele and thyroid carcinoma etc.
According to this phenomenon, the Ministry of Health is in the < < edible salt iodine content > > standard of the new revision of issue in 2011, the iodine content standard in salt has been lowered in some areas, and the salt iodine content standard of most areas is adjusted into 25mg/kg left and right.For this reference standard, we can do a calculating: world health organisation recommendations edible salt intake is for each person every day 6g, but Chinese its people generally surpass 20g/d, the intake of its iodine approximately 500 μ g/d, considerably beyond 150 μ g/d(grownups) standard, the absorption of the iodine of this excessive inorganic form is greatly dangerous.
The iodine existing with inorganic form is difficult for being absorbed by the body, in some cases (such as, inorganic iodine concentration is too high) also can produce toxic side effect, therefore only have the iodine when inorganic form to change into while thering is bioactive iodine, just there is general edibleness.Bio-iodine refers to the iodine of the different states existing in various life systems, has very high performance high: safe, stability is high, the feature such as high temperature resistant.
Biological nutrition intensifying technology refers to a new technique of the strengthening process that carries out nutrition and the health-promoting factor in biological process of growth, belongs to function agricultural category.Function agricultural refers to nutrient laden, the functionalization of agricultural-food, it is to strengthen or other biological technique means makes agricultural-food possess heath-function by biological nutrition, and Chinese Academy of Sciences's agriculture field strategic research group that Shi Zhaoqi state academician heads the list of signers is compiled < < China to development in the 40 years futures important directions clearly proposing in the year two thousand fifty development in agricultural science and technology route map > >.The agricultural-food of function agricultural have edible and the double function that keeps healthy, and generally have than the price of high 1 times of common agricultural, are the concrete representatives of ecological high value agricultural, and development function agricultural is the important handgrip that promotes farmer richness, agricultural development, steady countryside.
The biological nutrition strengthening of iodine refers to the strengthening process that carries out iodine nutrition and the health-promoting factor in biological process of growth.People have started the method research and development iodine-enriched food by biological nutrition intensifying technology, to increase the source of human body iodine.Some kelps, sea-food can be used as the abundant source of human body iodine: the iodine content in dry sea-tangle can reach 3000mg/kg, and the sea-food that amount of iodine is high in addition also has laver, ocean fish, shellfish, clam, blood clam etc.; The rich iodine vegetables of cultivating in being rich in iodine soil can be used as the good source of human body iodine: rich iodine tomato iodine content 15mg/kg, rich iodine radish 26mg/kg; Milk-product and eggs that animal produces also can be used as good source: egg, milk amount of iodine be 40～70mg/kg approximately; Some cereals, beans, tubers and fruit based food are as the trace source of human body iodine, and its iodine content is mostly below lmg/kg.
Chi Yusen teaches the security of the organic iodine about extracting in inorganic potassiumiodide and sea-tangle and has carried out animal experiment study (Chi Yusen, 2002).Investigation report is pointed out, it is swollen that the inorganic iodine of high dosage makes mouse produce high iodine first, but it is swollen that the sea-tangle organic iodine of high dosage can't make mouse produce high iodine first, and sea-tangle organic iodine for high iodine first, swollen elimination has active effect, sea-tangle is considered to a kind of material that enriches the iodine with high security.Yet many people can not adapt to the special fishy smell of sea-tangle, so sea-tangle also has certain limitation as rich iodine material, therefore also should develop the rich iodine material that is applicable to different crowd.
The patent report of CN99120407.7 a kind of for fruit trees and vegetables containing iodine fertilizer and manufacture method thereof, the iodine that the method has been prepared amount of iodine 0.8 ~ 20% is fertile, iodine complement agent for vegetables and fruits crop, and obtained certain effect, yet the method is made the complex process of iodine fertilizer, in the preparation process of fertilizer, energy consumption is high, make this Fertilizer application cost high, and utilize iodine content in the fruit trees and vegetables that this fertilizer obtains all lower than 20mg/kg, conversion output and the input ratio of its iodine are too low, do not possess the principle that material is saved, therefore, be necessary to work out preparation process more energy-conservation, making method is more easy, using method is more simple and easy, the vegetables and fruits fertilizer that cost is lower.
The patent report of CN200710070628.9 a kind of cultivating method of iodine-contained spinach, adopt dry sea-tangle as the source of iodine in iodine fertilizer, by the iodine extracting in sea-tangle, make liquid iodine fertilizer simultaneously, this method has also obtained certain success, yet, use sea-tangle fertile as iodine, this need to consume a large amount of sea-tangles, be the incorrect use to food crop, and its input cost is also very high, is not suitable for promoting the use of.Spinach is a kind of Fast-growing vegetables, its nutritive ingredient is abundant, deeply be subject to liking of numerous people, if can produce the spinach of high iodine content, utilize so spinach will to there is very wide prospect as the material that enriches the iodine, therefore, need work out at present the cultivating method of the iodine-contained spinach that method for preparing fertilizer is easy, using method is simple and easy, cost is lower, iodine content is more increased.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer, it is for propiodal and the material with fertility that meets spinach growth nutrient demand feature are through fully mixing the fertilizer of making.
As preferably, this iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer comprises the composition of following parts by weight:
Preferably, above-mentioned propiodal contains iodine substance, and described iodine substance is elemental iodine, hydrogenation iodine, iodide, acid iodide, iodate, Periodic acid, periodate, iodo thing, Iodine, sea-tangle iodine or a kind of or its two or more arbitrary combination that contain iodine organism.
Preferably, above-mentioned zinc compound is water-soluble zinc salt; Described iron containing compounds is water-soluble divalent iron salt; Described boron-containing compound is water-soluble borate.
As optimal technical scheme, above-mentioned propiodal is slowly-releasing propiodal, contains iodine substance and slow-released carrier, and the weight of described slow-released carrier is 1 ~ 10 times of iodine weight in described propiodal.
Preferably, above-mentioned slow-released carrier is natural nano-material attapulgite, gac, humic acids, Mierocrystalline cellulose, stalk, wilkinite, kaolin, diatomite, modified zeolite, chitinous one or more arbitrary combination.That more preferably natural nano-material attapulgite forms through 100 ~ 200 ℃ of heat treated described slow-released carrier is attapulgite modified.
The preparation method of this slowly-releasing propiodal is: 1) by described slow-released carrier through micronizing, be less than 50 μ m to particle diameter, and wherein the shared part by weight of Nano grade is 3 ~ 25%; 2) step 1) gained slow-released carrier is mixed with described iodine substance; 3) by step 2) gained mixture forms through nodulizer the particle that particle diameter is 2 ~ 5mm.
The preparation method of above-mentioned iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer, for to mix according to described each composition that measures, obtains.
The method of above-mentioned iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer for cultivating spinach, described iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer is sprinkled into top layer, spinach field as base manure, the thin rake of digging thereafter.The amount of being sprinkled into of this iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer, with the weighing scale of iodine, is every mu of 1 ~ 5kg.
The present invention can reach following technique effect: iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer preparation method provided by the invention is simple, can effectively turn out iodine-contained spinach, and this fertilizer has certain slow-release function, and the utilization ratio of fertilizer is high; The cultivating method of iodine-contained spinach provided by the present invention, use the spinach of this method cultivation to there is high bio-iodine content, and this spinach bio-iodine has high security, the spinach going out by this fertiliser production can be widely used in various protective foodss, seasonings, beverage, animal-feed, vegetable fertilizer additive.
The spinach iodine content that utilizes this biological nutrition intensifying technology to produce is high, and than the spinach that does not apply iodine fertilizer in same a slice cultivation area, the bio-iodine content of spinach improves and can reach more than 100 times, can be used as extraordinary rich iodine material; The fertilizer that present method is used has low price, the advantage such as produces and easy to use; Bio-iodine in the spinach of producing has high security, is specially adapted to the population with special need such as pregnant woman, nurture phase women, infant, children; When utilizing the spinach extraction bio-iodine of this high iodine content or preparing high-concentration biological iodine liquid, can reach the extraction effect better than common spinach, there is high safety simultaneously, save material, energy-conserving and environment-protective texts; During used as foodstuff additive, its addition greatly reduces than the consumption of general spinach; The purposes scope of spinach product of the present invention is extremely wide, can be widely used in various protective foodss, seasonings, beverage, animal-feed, vegetable fertilizer additive, is specially adapted to the population with special need such as pregnant woman, nurture phase women, infant, children.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, can be implemented, but illustrated embodiment is not as a limitation of the invention so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention also.
In embodiment, except fertilizer difference, remaining operation is all carried out by the following method with way to manage: select soil that water conservation, keeping fertility are strong as spinach field, be divided into the fritter spinach field of 2m * 3.33m, every is labeled as respectively 0,1,2 ... 9,10 ... Deng sample plot, the special-purpose rich iodine fertilizer of prepared spinach is evenly applied to each top layer, piece field, and the amount of being sprinkled into is that every mu of (actual cultivated area is not counted in management channels between field etc.) 1 ~ 5kg(is with the weighing scale of iodine).The consumption of iodine is higher, its crop iodine content is higher, but, iodine applies manyly, its growth-inhibiting effect to crop is stronger, and the burning growth of cereal crop seedlings condition when surpassing 5kg/ mu is very serious, and spinach growth is subject to great inhibition, select every mu of 1 ~ 5kg(with the weighing scale of iodine) the amount of being sprinkled into be to guarantee that crop can better grow, guarantee to make in crop iodine content higher simultaneously.
Spread after fertilizer, the thin rake of digging, the smooth furrow of making, water subsequently or pour water.Select that cold-resistant thermotolerance is strong, disease-resistant, the Spinach Varieties of high-quality, high yield, vernalization: sowing is rubbed with the hands and gone mucus with cold water bubble seed 6 ~ 24h the day before yesterday, pulls out and drains is placed under the condition of 15 ℃ ~ 20 ℃, exposes after radicle to seed, standby.Then spinach kind is broadcasted sowing in each piece field, every kind of a 30g for ground, then cover one deck thin sand and soil, except daily weeding and insect protected work, after growing 2 ~ 3 true leaves, spinach answers Nitrogen Top Dressing, with watering, use quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer (as saltpetre, ammonium sulfate, bicarbonate of ammonia etc.) 5 ~ 10kg, when spinach length reaches 15 ~ 25cm, can gather in the crops for every mu.
The preparation method of slowly-releasing propiodal in embodiment:
1) take slow-released carrier (attapulgite, gac, humic acids, Mierocrystalline cellulose, stalk, wilkinite, kaolin, diatomite, modified zeolite, chitinous one or more arbitrary combination) and pulverize the fine powder that is less than 50 μ m for particle diameter, until wherein the shared ratio of Nano grade is 3 ~ 25%, standby.
2) take slow-released carrier powder that step 1) obtains and iodine substance (slow-released carrier kind, iodine substance kind and consumption see the following form in each embodiment; wherein in slow-released carrier powder and iodine substance, the weight ratio of iodine is 1 ~ 10:1); this slow-released carrier and iodine substance are fully mixed in mixing machine; then be transferred to extruder grain in tablets press, pack and stick composition label.
In the present invention, preferred slow-released carrier is attapulgite modified, and its method of preparing slowly-releasing propiodal is:
The natural nano-material attapulgite of purchase is put into retort furnace, in stove, temperature is progressively warming up to 200 ℃ by 100 ℃, temperature per minute rises 1 ℃, with this method, natural nano-material attapulgite is carried out to modification, to slough part water in attapulgite, to change the structural performances such as its specific surface area and porosity, obtain attapulgite modified.Again the attapulgite modified air-flow supper micron mill of putting into is pulverized, be the fine powder that particle diameter is less than 50 μ m, until wherein the shared ratio of Nano grade is 3 ~ 25%, standby.
Take modified attapulgite powder end and iodine substance (modified attapulgite powder end, iodine substance kind and consumption see the following form in each embodiment; wherein modified attapulgite powder end is counted 5:1 with the weight ratio of iodine substance with the amount of iodine); this slow-released carrier and iodine substance are fully mixed in mixing machine; then be transferred to extruder grain in tablets press, pack and stick composition label.
Embodiment 0(contrast):
Take 50kg fertilizer, 200g nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 20g Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate (containing zinc 4.5g), 10g ferrous sulfate (iron content 2g), 8g tetra-water eight Sodium Tetraboratees (boracic 1.68g), above-mentioned substance is fully mixed to obtain to fertilizer, evenly be exerted into plot No. 0, according to above-mentioned experiment universal method, carry out the cultivation of spinach, after 50 days, gather spinach and carry out iodine content detection, its iodine content is listed in following table.
Embodiment 1 ~ 22:
According to the fertilizer formula in following table and each material consumption, take propiodal (common propiodal or slowly-releasing propiodal) and meet the material with fertility (fertilizer, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate, ferrous sulfate, four water eight Sodium Tetraboratees) of spinach growth nutrient demand feature, each material is mixed, obtain the special-purpose rich iodine fertilizer of spinach of each embodiment, it is evenly exerted into each piece experiment plot, according to above-mentioned experiment universal method, carry out the cultivation of spinach, after 50 days, gather spinach and carry out iodine content detection, its iodine content is listed in following table.
Each is organized embodiment and adds up into following table:
As can be seen from the above embodiments: the method for utilizing iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer provided by the invention and cultivation spinach thereof, in the cultivation process of spinach, the material with fertility that applies iodine and meet spinach growth nutrient demand feature, by the cultivation of for some time, the bio-iodine content that can make spinach improves more than 100 times than the spinach that does not apply iodine fertilizer in same a slice cultivation area.In addition, utilize the slow-released carrier of iodine to carry out slow release method processing to iodine, can make iodine in fertilizer obtain better utilised effect, this spinach special slow release iodine fertilizer has the slow release effect of certain iodine, than common iodine fertilizer, has higher utilization ratio.
The above embodiment is only the preferred embodiment for absolutely proving that the present invention lifts, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this.Being equal to that those skilled in the art do on basis of the present invention substitutes or conversion, all within protection scope of the present invention.Protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion with claims.
Claims (7)
1. an iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer, is characterized in that, described iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer is the fertilizer that propiodal and the material with fertility that meets spinach growth nutrient demand feature are made through abundant mixing; Described iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer comprises the composition of following parts by weight:
Propiodal, with the weighing scale 1 ~ 5 of iodine;
Fertilizer 3000 ~ 5000;
Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20 ~ 30;
Zinc compound, with the weighing scale 0.34 ~ 0.45 of zinc;
Iron containing compounds, with the weighing scale 0.094 ~ 0.2 of iron;
Boron-containing compound, with the weighing scale 0.1 ~ 0.168 of boron;
Described propiodal is slowly-releasing propiodal, contains iodine substance and slow-released carrier, and the weight of described slow-released carrier is 1 ~ 10 times of iodine weight in described propiodal;
The preparation method of described slowly-releasing propiodal is: 1) by described slow-released carrier through micronizing, be less than 50 μ m to particle diameter; 2) step 1) gained slow-released carrier is mixed with described iodine substance; 3) by step 2) gained mixture process nodulizer formation particle.
2. iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described iodine substance is elemental iodine, hydrogenation iodine, iodide, acid iodide, iodate, Periodic acid, periodate, iodo thing, Iodine, sea-tangle iodine or a kind of or its two or more arbitrary combination that contain iodine organism.
3. iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described zinc compound is water-soluble zinc salt; Described iron containing compounds is water-soluble divalent iron salt; Described boron-containing compound is water-soluble borate.
4. iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described slow-released carrier is natural nano-material attapulgite, gac, humic acids, Mierocrystalline cellulose, stalk, wilkinite, kaolin, diatomite, modified zeolite, chitinous one or more arbitrary combination.
5. iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer according to claim 4, is characterized in that, that to be natural nano-material attapulgite form through 100 ~ 200 ℃ of heat treated described slow-released carrier is attapulgite modified.
6. the preparation method of iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, according to described each composition that measures, mixes, and obtains.
7. iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer according to claim 1 is used for the method for cultivating spinach, it is characterized in that, described iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer is sprinkled into top layer, spinach field as base manure, dig and carefully harrow thereafter, wherein, the amount of being sprinkled into of described iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer, with the weighing scale of iodine, is every mu of 1 ~ 5 kg.
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| CN103274874B (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2015-07-01 | 苏州仁成生物科技有限公司 | Method for preparing microbial fertilizer special for spinach |
| CN104446745A (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2015-03-25 | 六安亿牛生物科技有限公司 | Special iodine-enriched fertilizer for rice and preparation method thereof |
| CN105439706A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-03-30 | 马鞍山科邦生态肥有限公司 | Efficient fertilizer helpful for raising nitrogen utilization rate of spinach and preparation method thereof |
| CN105900650A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-08-31 | 固镇县绿禾家庭农场 | Iodine-rich spinach planting method |
| US10532957B1 (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2020-01-14 | James Cheng-Shyong Lu | Method and equipment for the production of organomineral nanofertilizers and other types of solid and liquid organomineral fertilizers and slow-release pesticides/herbicides |
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Denomination of invention: Iodine-rich spinach special-purposed fertilizer, and method for cultivating spinach with iodine-rich spinach special-purposed fertilizer Effective date of registration: 20161128 Granted publication date: 20140409 Pledgee: China Coal Group Shanxi Huayu Energy Co.,Ltd. Pledgor: WEIGANG BIOTECHNOLOGY JIANGSU Co.,Ltd. Registration number: 2016990001025 |
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