CN102815980A - Iodine-rich spinach special-purposed fertilizer, and method for cultivating spinach with iodine-rich spinach special-purposed fertilizer - Google Patents
Iodine-rich spinach special-purposed fertilizer, and method for cultivating spinach with iodine-rich spinach special-purposed fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN102815980A CN102815980A CN2012102846167A CN201210284616A CN102815980A CN 102815980 A CN102815980 A CN 102815980A CN 2012102846167 A CN2012102846167 A CN 2012102846167A CN 201210284616 A CN201210284616 A CN 201210284616A CN 102815980 A CN102815980 A CN 102815980A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an iodine-rich spinach special-purposed fertilizer. The iodine-rich spinach special-purposed fertilizer is prepared from well mixed materials of an iodine source and fertile substances satisfying spinach growth nutrient demand characteristics. The fertilizer comprises the components of, by weight: 1-5 parts of the iodine source (calculated according to the weight of iodine), 3000-5000 parts of an organic fertilizer; 20-30 parts of an NPK fertilizer, 0.34-0.45 parts of an zinc-containing compound (calculated according to the weight of zinc), 0.094-0.2 parts of an iron-containing compound (calculated according to the weight of iron), and 0.1-0.168 parts of a boron-containing compound (calculated according to the weight of boron). The invention also discloses a method for cultivating spinach with the iodine-rich spinach special-purposed fertilizer. The method comprises the steps of: fertilizer preparation, soil preparation and fertilizer application, seed preparation, sowing, managing, and harvesting. The preparation method of the fertilizer provided by the invention is simple. With the fertilizer, iodine-rich spinach can be cultivated. The spinach provided by the invention has high biological iodine content, and extremely high safety.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer and cultivation spinach thereof, belong to technical field of fertilizers.
Background technology
Iodine is a kind of trace element of needed by human, and the title of " intelligence element " is arranged.Its participates in the synthetic of Triiodothyronine, has considerable effect for the mankind's nutrition.WHO suggestion grownup should take in the iodine of 150 μ g/d, and pregnant and lactate women is high slightly, is 200 μ g/d, and the iodine amount is taken the photograph in the then corresponding minimizing of children.
The human body iodine deficiency can cause a series of disease, can cause because of iodine deficiency like thyrocele, premature labor, stillborn foetus, congenital malformation, deaf, mute, dementia etc.Iodine deficiency is the endemy the widest, that number of the infected is maximum that distributes in the world, and China is one of area of serious iodine deficiency in the world.The shortage of iodine will cause thyromegaly disease, and this has become a big bus hygienic issues of global range.It is reported that human body reaches as high as 99% to the bioavailability of iodine in the different sorts food.Therefore, the content that improves iodine in the food is significant to the control of iodine deficiency.
Before the eighties in last century, people have gained some understanding for the harm of iodine deficiency, and for solving the iodine deficiency problem of this extensive existence, Universal saltiodization is appealed by the World Health Organization.China is iodine deficiency big country, and from nineteen ninety-five, China comes into effect Universal saltiodization, and the iodine that adds in the salt is Potassium Iodate or potassiumiodide, is a kind of iodine of inorganic form, and this inorganic iodine has shortcomings such as the utilization ratio of the volatilization loss of being easy to, iodine is low.After 10 years; China 7-14 year student's totalgoiterrate declines to a great extent; Accounting for the qualified iodated salt coverage area of population more than 90%, eliminated cretinistic generation fully, newly be born children's average IQ of recessive iodine deficient area of past has improved about 11-12 IQ point.
Crowd for Iodine Deficiency Area adds iodine through salt, and the disease incidence rate that makes iodine deficiency cause declines to a great extent, but the morbidity of the thyroid disease of more domestic coastlands is in rising trend.In May, 2009, the Ministry of Health take the lead carried out one " coastland resident's iodine nutritional status " investigation, the reason of finding this phenomenon be with enrich the iodine excessive relevant.Excessive iodine causes easily that also iodine causes hyperthyroidism, AITD, hypothyroidism, high iodine thyrocele and thyroid carcinoma etc.
According to this phenomenon, the Ministry of Health is in " edible salt iodine content " standard of the new revision of issue in 2011, and the iodine content standard in the salt has been reduced in some areas, and the salt iodine content standard of most of areas is adjusted into about 25mg/kg.To this reference standard; We can do a calculating: world health organisation recommendations edible salt intake for each person every day is 6g; But Chinese its people generally surpass 20g/d; The about 500 μ g/d of the intake of its iodine, considerably beyond the standard of 150 μ g/d (grownup), the absorption of the iodine of this excessive inorganic form is greatly dangerous.
The iodine that exists with inorganic form is difficult for being absorbed by the body, in some cases (such as, inorganic iodine concentration is too high) also can produce toxic side effect, therefore have only when the iodine of inorganic form changes into the iodine of biologically active, just have general edibleness.Bio-iodine is meant the iodine of the different states that in various life systems, exists, and it is high to have very high performance: characteristics such as safe, stability is high, high temperature resistant.
The biological nutrition intensifying technology is meant a new technique of the strengthening process that in the process of growth of biology, carries out the nutrition and the health-promoting factor, belongs to function agricultural category.The function agricultural is meant nutrient laden, the functionalization of agricultural-food; It is to make agricultural-food possess nourishing function property through biological nutrition reinforcement or other biological technique means, is that Chinese Academy of Sciences's agriculture field strategic research group that its state of Zhao academician heads the list of signers is compiled development in the 40 years futures important directions that clearly proposes in " China is to the year two thousand fifty development in agricultural science and technology route map ".The agricultural-food of function agricultural have edible and the double function that keeps healthy, and generally have the price higher 1 times than common agricultural-food, are the concrete representatives of ecological high value agricultural, and development function agricultural is the important handgrip that promotes farmer richness, agricultural development, steady countryside.
The biological nutrition reinforcement of iodine is meant the strengthening process that in the process of growth of biology, carries out the iodine nutrition and the health-promoting factor.People have begun the method research and development iodine-enriched food through the biological nutrition intensifying technology, to increase the source of human body iodine.Some kelps, sea-food can be used as the abundant source of human body iodine: the iodine content in the dried sea-tangle can reach 3000mg/kg, and the sea-food that amount of iodine is high in addition also has laver, ocean fish, shellfish, clam, blood clam etc.; The rich iodine vegetables of in being rich in iodine soil, cultivating can be used as the good source of human body iodine: rich iodine tomato iodine content 15mg/kg, rich iodine radish 26mg/kg; Milk-product and eggs that animal produces also can be used as good source: egg, the about 40～70mg/kg of milk amount of iodine; Then as the trace source of human body iodine, its iodine content is mostly below lmg/kg for some cereals, beans, tubers and fruit based food.
Chi Yusen teaches about the security of the organic iodine that extracts in inorganic potassiumiodide and the sea-tangle and has carried out animal experiment study (Chi Yusen, 2002).Investigation report is pointed out; It is swollen that the inorganic iodine of high dosage makes mouse produce high iodine first; But it is swollen that the sea-tangle organic iodine of high dosage can't make mouse produce high iodine first, and the sea-tangle organic iodine swollen elimination has active effect for high iodine first, sea-tangle is considered to a kind of material that enriches the iodine with high security.Yet many people can not adapt to the special fishy smell of sea-tangle, so sea-tangle also has certain limitation as rich iodine material, therefore also should develop the rich iodine material that is fit to different crowd.
The patent report of CN99120407.7 a kind of be used for fruit trees and vegetables contain iodine fertilizer and method of manufacture thereof; The iodine that this method has prepared amount of iodine 0.8 ~ 20% is fertile, is used for the iodine complement agent of vegetables and fruits crop, and has obtained certain effect; Yet this method is made the fertile complex process of iodine; Energy consumption is high in the preparation process of fertilizer, makes that this fertilizer use cost is high, and utilizes the iodine content in the fruit trees and vegetables that this fertilizer obtains all to be lower than 20mg/kg; The conversion output and the input ratio of its iodine are low excessively; Do not possess the principle that material is saved, therefore, be necessary to work out the vegetables and fruits fertilizer that the preparation process is more energy-conservation, making method is more easy, method of use is more simple and easy, cost is lower.
The patent report of CN200710070628.9 a kind of cultivating method of iodine-contained spinach, adopt the source of dried sea-tangle as iodine in the iodine fertilizer, make liquid iodine fertilizer through the iodine that extracts in the sea-tangle simultaneously; This method has also obtained certain success, yet, use sea-tangle fertile as iodine; This need consume a large amount of sea-tangles; Be incorrect use, and its input cost also is very high, is not suitable for promoting the use of food crop.Spinach is the living vegetables of a kind of speed; Its abundant nutrients; Receive liking of numerous people deeply,, utilize spinach will have very wide prospect so as the material that enriches the iodine if can produce the spinach of high iodine content; Therefore, need work out the cultivating method of the iodine-contained spinach that method for preparing fertilizer is easy, method of use is simple and easy, cost is lower, iodine content is more increased at present.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention provides a kind of iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer, and it is for propiodal and meet the fertilizer that the material with fertility of spinach growth nutrient demand characteristics is processed through thorough mixing.
As preferably, this iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer comprises following compositions in portion by weight:
Preferably; Above-mentioned propiodal contains iodine substance, and said iodine substance is elemental iodine, hydrogenation iodine, iodide, acid iodide, iodate, Periodic acid 99, periodate, iodo thing, marine alga iodine, sea-tangle iodine or contains a kind of of iodine organism or its two or more arbitrary combination.
Preferably, above-mentioned zinc compound is a water-soluble zinc salt; Said iron containing compounds is water-soluble divalent iron salt; Said boron-containing compound is a water-soluble borate.
As optimal technical scheme, above-mentioned propiodal is the slowly-releasing propiodal, contains iodine substance and slow-released carrier, and the weight of said slow-released carrier is 1 ~ 10 times of iodine weight in the said propiodal.
Preferably, above-mentioned slow-released carrier is natural nano-material attapulgite, gac, humic acids, Mierocrystalline cellulose, stalk, wilkinite, kaolin, zeyssatite, modified zeolite, chitinous one or more arbitrary combination.Said slow-released carrier more preferably the natural nano-material attapulgite through 100 ~ 200 ℃ of heat treated form attapulgite modified.
The preparation method of this slowly-releasing propiodal is: 1) with said slow-released carrier through micronizing, to particle diameter less than 50 μ m, and wherein the shared part by weight of Nano grade is 3 ~ 25%; 2) step 1) gained slow-released carrier and said iodine substance are mixed; 3) with step 2) to form particle diameter through nodulizer be the particle of 2 ~ 5mm to the gained mixture.
The preparation method of above-mentioned iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer promptly gets for to mix according to said each composition of measuring.
Above-mentioned iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer is used to cultivate the method for spinach, and said iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer is sprinkled into top layer, spinach field as base manure, the thin rake of digging thereafter.The amount of being sprinkled into of this iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer in the weight of iodine, is every mu of 1 ~ 5kg.
The present invention can reach following technique effect: iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer preparation method provided by the invention is simple, can effectively turn out iodine-contained spinach, and this fertilizer has certain slow-release function, and fertilizer utilization ratio is high; The cultivating method of iodine-contained spinach provided by the present invention; Use the spinach of this method cultivation to have high bio-iodine content; And this spinach bio-iodine has high security, and the spinach that goes out with this fertiliser prodn can be widely used in various protective foodss, seasonings, beverage, animal-feed, the vegetable fertilizer additive.
The spinach iodine content that utilizes this biological nutrition intensifying technology to produce is high, and than with not applying the fertile spinach of iodine in a slice cultivation area, the bio-iodine content of spinach improves and can reach more than 100 times, can be used as extraordinary rich iodine material; The employed fertilizer of present method has low price, advantage such as produces and easy to use; Bio-iodine in the spinach of producing has high security, is specially adapted to pregnant woman, nurture phase women, infant, children etc. and special procures the crowd; When utilizing the spinach extraction bio-iodine of this high iodine content or preparing high-concentration biological iodine liquid, can reach the extraction effect better, have high safety simultaneously, save effects such as material, energy-conserving and environment-protective than common spinach; When it was used as foodstuff additive, its addition significantly reduced than the consumption of general spinach; The purposes scope of spinach product of the present invention is extremely wide, can be widely used in various protective foodss, seasonings, beverage, animal-feed, the vegetable fertilizer additive, is specially adapted to pregnant woman, nurture phase women, infant, children etc. and special procures the crowd.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is described further so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implementing, but the embodiment that lifts not conduct to qualification of the present invention.
Among the embodiment; Except the fertilizer difference, remaining operation is all carried out according to following method with way to manage: select the strong soil of water conservation, keeping fertility as the spinach field, be divided into the fritter spinach field of 2m * 3.33m; Every is labeled as 0,1,2 respectively ... 9,10 ... Deng sample plot; The special-purpose rich iodine fertilizer of prepared spinach evenly is applied to each top layer, piece field, and the amount of being sprinkled into is every mu of (actual cultivated area promptly is not counted in management channels between the piece of field etc.) 1 ~ 5kg (in the weight of iodine).The consumption of iodine is high more, and its crop iodine content is high more, still; Iodine applies manyly more; Its growth-inhibiting effect to crop is strong more, and the burning growth of cereal crop seedlings condition when surpassing 5kg/ mu is very serious, and spinach growth receives great inhibition; The amount of being sprinkled into of selecting every mu of 1 ~ 5kg (in the weight of iodine) is to guarantee that crop can better grow, and guarantees simultaneously to make that iodine content is higher in the crop.
After having spread fertilizer, the thin rake of digging, the smooth furrow of making water subsequently or pour water.Select that cold-resistant thermotolerance is strong, disease-resistant, the spinach kind of high-quality, high yield, vernalization: sowing is rubbed with the hands and is gone mucus with cold water bubble seed 6 ~ 24h previous day, pull out to drain, 15 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ condition held, expose radicle to seed after, subsequent use.Then the spinach kind is broadcasted sowing in each piece field; Every ground is with kind of a 30g; Cover one deck thin sand and soil then, except that daily weeding and insect protected work, after spinach grows 2 ~ 3 true leaves, should impose nitrogenous fertilizer; Use quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer (like saltpetre, ammonium sulfate, bicarbonate of ammonia etc.) 5 ~ 10kg with watering for every mu, treat to gather in the crops when spinach length reaches 15 ~ 25cm.
The preparation method of slowly-releasing propiodal among the embodiment:
1) takes by weighing slow-released carrier (attapulgite, gac, humic acids, Mierocrystalline cellulose, stalk, wilkinite, kaolin, zeyssatite, modified zeolite, chitinous one or more arbitrary combination) pulverizing and be the fine powder of particle diameter less than 50 μ m; Be 3 ~ 25% until the shared ratio of Nano grade wherein, subsequent use.
2) take by weighing slow-released carrier powder that step 1) obtains and iodine substance (slow-released carrier kind, iodine substance kind and consumption see the following form in each embodiment; Wherein the weight ratio of iodine is 1 ~ 10:1) in slow-released carrier powder and the iodine substance; This slow-released carrier and iodine substance thorough mixing in mixing machine is even; Be transferred to extruder grain in the tablets press then, pack and stick the composition label.
Preferred slow-released carrier is attapulgite modified among the present invention, and its method for preparing the slowly-releasing propiodal is:
The natural nano-material attapulgite of buying is put into retort furnace; Temperature progressively is warming up to 200 ℃ by 100 ℃ in the stove; The temperature PM rises 1 ℃; With this method the natural nano-material attapulgite is carried out modification and handles, sloughing portion water in the attapulgite, to change structural performances such as its specific surface area and porosity, attapulgite modified.Again the attapulgite modified air-flow supper micron mill of putting into is pulverized, be the fine powder of particle diameter, be 3 ~ 25% until the shared ratio of Nano grade wherein less than 50 μ m, subsequent use.
Take by weighing modified attapulgite powder end and iodine substance (modified attapulgite powder end, iodine substance kind and consumption see the following form in each embodiment; Wherein the modified attapulgite powder end is counted 5:1 with the weight ratio of iodine substance with the amount of iodine); This slow-released carrier and iodine substance thorough mixing in mixing machine is even; Be transferred to extruder grain in the tablets press then, pack and stick the composition label.
Embodiment 0 (contrast):
Take by weighing 50kg fertilizer, 200g nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 20g Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate (containing zinc 4.5g), 10g ferrous sulfate (iron content 2g), 8g four water eight Sodium Tetraboratees (boracic 1.68g); With the even fertilizer that gets of above-mentioned substance thorough mixing; Evenly be exerted into the plot No. 0; Carry out the cultivation of spinach according to above-mentioned experiment universal method, gather spinach after 50 days and carry out the iodine content detection, its iodine content is listed in the following table.
Embodiment 1 ~ 22:
According to the fertilizer formula in the following table and each material consumption; Take by weighing propiodal (common propiodal or slowly-releasing propiodal) and meet the material with fertility (fertilizer, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate, ferrous sulfate, four water, eight Sodium Tetraboratees) of spinach growth nutrient demand characteristics; Each material is mixed; Obtain the special-purpose rich iodine fertilizer of spinach of each embodiment, it evenly is exerted into each piece experiment plot, carry out the cultivation of spinach according to above-mentioned experiment universal method; Gather spinach after 50 days and carry out the iodine content detection, its iodine content is listed in the following table.
Each is organized embodiment and adds up into following table:
Can find out from above embodiment: the method for utilizing iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer provided by the invention and cultivation spinach thereof; Promptly in the cultivation process of spinach; The material that applies iodine and meet spinach growth nutrient demand characteristics with fertility; Through the cultivation of for some time, the bio-iodine content that can make spinach is than improving more than 100 times with not applying the fertile spinach of iodine in a slice cultivation area.In addition, the slow-released carrier that utilizes iodine carries out slow release method to iodine to be handled, and can make that iodine obtains the better utilised effect in the fertilizer, and this spinach special slow release iodine fertilizer has the slow release effect of certain iodine, has higher utilization ratio than common iodine fertilizer.
The above embodiment is the preferred embodiment that proves absolutely that the present invention lifts, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.Being equal to that the technician in present technique field is done on basis of the present invention substitutes or conversion, all within protection scope of the present invention.Protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion with claims.
Claims (10)
1. an iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer is characterized in that, said iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer is the fertilizer that propiodal and the material with fertility that meets spinach growth nutrient demand characteristics are processed through thorough mixing.
2. iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer comprises following compositions in portion by weight:
Propiodal is in the weight 1 ~ 5 of iodine;
Fertilizer 3000 ~ 5000;
Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20 ~ 30;
Zinc compound is in the weight 0.34 ~ 0.45 of zinc;
Iron containing compounds is in the weight 0.094 ~ 0.2 of iron;
Boron-containing compound is in the weight 0.1 ~ 0.168 of boron.
3. iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; Said propiodal contains iodine substance, and said iodine substance is elemental iodine, hydrogenation iodine, iodide, acid iodide, iodate, Periodic acid 99, periodate, iodo thing, marine alga iodine, sea-tangle iodine or contains a kind of of iodine organism or its two or more arbitrary combination.
4. iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer according to claim 2 is characterized in that, said zinc compound is a water-soluble zinc salt; Said iron containing compounds is water-soluble divalent iron salt; Said boron-containing compound is a water-soluble borate.
5. according to each described iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer of claim 1 ~ 4, it is characterized in that said propiodal is the slowly-releasing propiodal, contain iodine substance and slow-released carrier, the weight of said slow-released carrier is 1 ~ 10 times of iodine weight in the said propiodal.
6. iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer according to claim 5; It is characterized in that said slow-released carrier is natural nano-material attapulgite, gac, humic acids, Mierocrystalline cellulose, stalk, wilkinite, kaolin, zeyssatite, modified zeolite, chitinous one or more arbitrary combination.
7. iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer according to claim 6 is characterized in that, said slow-released carrier be the natural nano-material attapulgite through 100 ~ 200 ℃ of heat treated form attapulgite modified.
8. iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer according to claim 5 is characterized in that, the preparation method of said slowly-releasing propiodal is: 1) with said slow-released carrier through micronizing, to particle diameter less than 50 μ m; 2) step 1) gained slow-released carrier and said iodine substance are mixed; 3) with step 2) gained mixture process nodulizer formation particle.
9. the preparation method of the described iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer of claim 2 is characterized in that, mixes according to said each composition of measuring, and promptly gets.
10. iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer according to claim 1 is used to cultivate the method for spinach; It is characterized in that said iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer is sprinkled into top layer, spinach field as base manure, the thin rake of digging thereafter; Wherein, The amount of being sprinkled into of said iodine-contained spinach dedicated fertilizer in the weight of iodine, is every mu 1 ~ 5 kg.
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| CN103274874A (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2013-09-04 | 苏州仁成生物科技有限公司 | Method for preparing microbial fertilizer special for spinach |
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| CN105439706A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-03-30 | 马鞍山科邦生态肥有限公司 | Efficient fertilizer helpful for raising nitrogen utilization rate of spinach and preparation method thereof |
| CN105900650A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-08-31 | 固镇县绿禾家庭农场 | Iodine-rich spinach planting method |
| CN111393224A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2020-07-10 | 中科实盈(广东)生物技术有限公司 | Method and apparatus for producing nano fertilizer and other types of solid and liquid organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and slow-release pesticide |
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| CN103274874A (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2013-09-04 | 苏州仁成生物科技有限公司 | Method for preparing microbial fertilizer special for spinach |
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| CN104446745A (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2015-03-25 | 六安亿牛生物科技有限公司 | Special iodine-enriched fertilizer for rice and preparation method thereof |
| CN105439706A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-03-30 | 马鞍山科邦生态肥有限公司 | Efficient fertilizer helpful for raising nitrogen utilization rate of spinach and preparation method thereof |
| CN105900650A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-08-31 | 固镇县绿禾家庭农场 | Iodine-rich spinach planting method |
| CN111393224A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2020-07-10 | 中科实盈(广东)生物技术有限公司 | Method and apparatus for producing nano fertilizer and other types of solid and liquid organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and slow-release pesticide |
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| CN102815980B (en) | 2014-04-09 |
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